American Indian Treaties in the Courts of Claims: a Guide to Treaty Citations from Opinions of the United States Courts of Claims

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American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims: A guide to treaty citations from opinions of the United States Courts of Claims

Charles D. Bernholz University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected]

Robert Weiner Syracuse University College of Law, [email protected]

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Bernholz, Charles D. and Weiner, Robert, "American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims: A guide to treaty citations from opinions of the United States Courts of Claims" (2008). Faculty Publications, UNL Libraries. 148. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libraryscience/148

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Libraries at University of Nebraska-Lincoln at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications, UNL Libraries by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Published in Government Information Quarterly 25 (2008), pp. 313–327; doi:10.1016/j.giq.2006.07.015 Copyright © 2006 Elsevier Inc. Used by permission. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0740624X Published online May 8, 2007.

American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims: A guide to treaty citations from opinions of the United States Courts of Claims

Charles D. Bernholza,* and Robert J. Weiner Jr.b, 1

a Love Memorial Library, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA b H. Douglas Barclay Law Library, Syracuse University College of Law, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA * Corresponding author. fax: 402 472-5131; email: [email protected]

Abstract Since 1855, the federal Courts of Claims have provided relief for citizens in cases against the United States. President Abraham Lincoln, in his first annual message in 1861, declared his support for such a process: “It is as much the duty of government to render prompt justice against itself, in favor of citizens, as it is to administer the same between private individuals” [Mes- sage of the President. (1862). Appendix to The Congressional Globe, 37th Congress, 2d session, 3 December 1861, p. 2]. Among the Courts’ cases, 240 of 375 recognized American Indian treaties have been cited 992 times in 342 opinions between the years 1884 and 2004. The reliance upon so many of these instruments—more than the number referenced before the United States Supreme Court—demonstrates their importance within the federal courts.

Keywords: American Indian treaties, United States Court of Claims

The Court of Claims, and successor courts, have served as the primary judicial arena for “all petitions and bills praying or providing for the satisfaction of private claims

1 Fax: 315 443-9567; email: [email protected] 314 C. Bernholz & R. Weiner in Government Information Quarterly (2008) against the Government, founded upon any law of Congress, or upon any regulation of an executive department, or upon any contract, express or implied, with the Government of the United States” (An act to amend “An act to establish a court for the investigation of claims against the United States,” 1863). This mandate was an extension of the initial act (An act to establish a court for the investigation of claims against the United States, 1855). Shimomura (1985) has shown that the bases for the Court of Claims reach back to the legislative traditions in 17th century England and—regardless of whether or not the authority orientation evolved into a more judiciary one—the primary concern was for an individual “to be able to petition his government for a redress of [his] grievance” (p. 626).2 This article will enumerate, in part, the grievances brought before the Court by Indian tribes against the federal government, in claims that were based upon treaty parameters. Congress had suffered through the punishing task of legislatively addressing the private claims that had choked it since the beginning of the Nation: all 900+ pages of volume 6 of the Statutes at Large are filled with such claims or requests for special status between the years 1789 and 1845 (Peters, 1862) tackling everything from indemnification for ransom (6 Stat. 54; 26 March 1804); to two requests for military medals for crew members of the USS Constitution and of the USS Hornet for their captures of British vessels (6 Stat. 181; 22 February 1816); to the duty-free importation of iron steamboats (6 Stat. 739; 7 July 1838).3 It was precisely these types of encumbering issues under a legislative model that were reported by the Committee of Claims (Board of Claims, 1838) to demonstrate the ever- increasing caseload and its impediment upon Congress. These points were reiterated in a report 10 years later (Claims Against the United States, 1848), but even with these additional difficulties, Congress remained opposed to relinquishing control of these financial matters.4 Further, various opportunities for exploitation had developed over the years, to such an extent that the Senate created another committee to “inquire into abuses, brib- ery, or fraud, in the prosecution of claims before Congress” (Abuses in the Prosecution of Claims, 1852, p. 2100). Richardson (1885) provided a particularly rich description of the evolution of the Court up to 1885. In 1855, the foundation for the Court of Claims was created (An act to establish a court for the investigation of claims against the United States, 1855), although the precise me- chanics of operating as a true court or as an advisory panel for the Congress remained obscure, and in the following years, Congress—while being advised by the new Court— remained mired in the responsibilities that adhered to a legislative model for claims adjudication. The 1863 Act (An act to amend “An act to establish a court for the investigation of

2 The article by Shimomura provides an exceptional history of the claims process in both England and the United States. 3 The first entry in this volume (6 Stat. 1; 29 September 1789) allowed the payment at the rank of Captain in the Army to Baron de Glaubeck for his Revolutionary War service, while the final entry in the compilation (6 Stat. 942; 3 March 1845) sustained the payment of annuities due to a number of Miami Indian tribe members. 4 The final remarks in the report included the statement that: “Some of the members of the committee suggested the expediency of a reference of the whole matter to the court of the United States, under such regulations as might be adopted by Congress, but the committee did not think that all the subjects brought to the consideration of Congress were proper subjects of decision by judicial tribunals” (Claims Against the United States, 1848, p. 8; emphasis added). American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims 315 claims against the United States”) moved partially towards a judicial model by administer- ing contract and selected federal claims (Sections 2 and 3). As a further restriction on the latitude afforded this new court/committee, Section 14 (12 Stat. 765, 768) stated: “That no money shall be paid out of the treasury for any claim passed upon by the court of claims till after an appropriation therefor[e] shall be estimated for by the Secretary of the Treasury,” but this caused difficulties, including the rejection by the Supreme Court to hear an appeal of a Court of Claims case for want of appellate jurisdiction (Gordon v. United States, 1864). This Treasury restriction was repealed in 1866 (An act in relation to the Court of Claims), and the Court of Claims commenced full operations as a court to hear cases that could be appealed to the United States Supreme Court.5 This was followed in 1887 with final, full approval for the Court of Claims to adjudicate all claims against the United States, except for pension or tort claims, or for claims resulting from the Civil War (An act to provide for the bringing of suits against the government of the United States, 1887). The findings in the United States v. Realty Co. (1896) case before the Supreme Court had far-reaching effects. In that opinion, it was determined that both legal as well as moral claims against the United States were recoverable though Congress and, if need be, through the courts. This eased addressing issues that had separated Indian tribes from the federal government, but as Bradford (2002) has shown, the process of reparations for past events can be less than straightforward.6 The range of legal topics had been expanded when “An act to provide for the adjudication and payment of claims arising from Indian depredations” was made into law in 1891.7 Tribes had been restricted since 1863 from filing suit because the Act that adjusted the establishment of the Court of Claims also constrained future applications.8 Claims could be raised, but before 1946, Congress was required to authorize the Court of Claims

5 See United States v. Klein (1871) for remarks upon this jurisdiction, given the repeal of Section 14. 6 The perceived restriction that Indian tribes lacked their own capability to bring suit without rely- ing upon the United States as their guardian was removed only in 1966 with the addition of §1362 to the United States Code: “The district courts shall have original jurisdiction of all civil actions, brought by any Indian tribe or band with a governing body duly recognized by the secretary of the Interior, wherein the matter in controversy arises under the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States” (80 Stat. 880; emphasis added). 7 Skogen (1996) presented the entire history of depredation claims in the United States, and see Toelle (1926), who declared that “litigation under this heading may perhaps be regarded as only quasi-international” (p. 682, emphasis added). 8 Section 9 of the Act stated: “That the jurisdiction of the said court shall not extend to or include any claim against the Government not pending in said court on the first day of December, Anno Domini eighteen hundred and sixty-two, growing out of or dependent on any treaty stipulation entered into with foreign nations or with Indian Tribes” (12 Stat. 765, 767). Newton (1992, p. 770) noted that this focus on “any treaty stipulation” inhibited efforts “to permit claims by tribes not based on treaties to proceed in the Court of Claims” (emphasis added). 9 Richardson (1885), writing in 1885 as the Chief Justice of the Court of Claims, commented that “[i]n cases growing out of treaties with foreign nations or Indian tribes, not now within the jurisdiction of the court, and other like cases, Congress may refer the matters in controversy by special acts, as it frequently has done, for final adjudication and judgment” (pp. 12–13, emphasis added). Barney (1955) identified “An act for the ascertainment of the amount due the Choctaw Nation” (21 Stat. 504 [1881]) as an early example of such “special jurisdictional acts” that allowed tribes to file in the Court of Claims. Rosenthal (1990, p. x) stated that Congress “brought forth 200 such acts by 1946.” 316 C. Bernholz & R. Weiner in Government Information Quarterly (2008) to hear each case through the passing of a special jurisdictional act.9 Cowen, Nichols, and Bennett (1978, p. 99) reported “only 142 claims under such statutes were adjudicated by the court prior to 1946, although many were large and important.”10 Wilkinson (1966) in particular illuminated these procedural problems by describing the sixty-year journey through the courts by the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa. The obstacles were many, however, and constant interactions between the tribes and Congress—frequently after an unsuccessful excursion through the courts—caused even more problems and delays. Yet in victory, the awards were regularly reduced through the application of a government setoff against the initial sum, even under findings of unconscionable consideration.11 Wilkinson (1966) offered two 1935 cases (Blackfeet Nations or Tribes of Indians v. United States and Shoshone Tribe of Indians of Wind River Reser- vation v. United States) to demonstrate this effect. The recoverable amounts of these two multi-million dollar awards to the tribes in these proceedings yielded only 10% and 32%, respectively, after the setoff. These inequities were attenuated by further legislation that defined more clearly the acceptable applications of setoffs (see Section 2 on p. 596 in An act making appropriations to supply deficiencies, 1935).12 The special jurisdictional act impediment was removed in 1946 (An act to create an Indian Claims Commission) with the establishment of the Indian Claims Commission (ICC).13 The administrative decisions of the ICC were reviewed by the Court of Claims, with an opportunity of appeal to the United States Supreme Court. The Court was careful to avoid some of the previous, hampering problems. The classes of claims constructed for the ICC, described in Section 2 of the 1946 act, were examined closely; in particular, the

10 Strickland (1982, p. 563) states, as well, that “[b]etween 1836 and 1946 Congress enacted 142 such acts.” 11 Ross (1973, p. v) supplied a definition for unconscionable consideration: “A determination of unconscionable consideration is a finding that the compensation originally paid by the Government for the Indian lands ceded by treaty or agreement was so low when compared to the market value at the time as to shock the conscience and entitle the tribe to recover, subject to gratuitous offsets, if any.” Laurie (1978, p. 103) concluded that: “The major justification for offsets is that if Indians had received proper compensation for their lands initially they would not have needed subsequent gratuities.” 12 Similarly, there were Senate adjustments (Compensating the Indians of California for the Value of Land Erroneously Used as an Offset in a Judgment Against the United States Obtained by Said Na- tions, 1969) to a Court of Claims judgment for an Indians of California suit (The Indians of Califor- nia, 1944) that, due to offsets, had been reduced by 71%. The original suit, brought by 23,571 census enrollees (The Indians of California v. the United States, 1942, p. 586), had been filed in part “to de- termine, adjudicate and render final decree in the matter of all equitable claims relating to the loss sustained by these Indians on account of their failure to secure and receive the lands, personal property, services, facilities, aids, improvements, and compensation provided for or proposed in those eighteen unratified treaties executed by certain chiefs and headmen of the several tribes and bands of Indians of California and commissioners representing the United States, between March 19, 1851 and January 7, 1852” (p. 585). A joint Congressional effort ([Defining “Gratuities”—Five Civilized Tribes, 1939] and [Defining “Gratuities”—Five Civilized Tribes, 1940]) struggled with offset issues affecting the Five Civilized Tribes suits (e.g., Seminole Nation v. United States (1935)) that cited ratified treaty number 303 and 352) before the Court. Previous legislation had empowered the tribes to approach the Court of Claims (Joint Resolution Authorizing the Cherokee Indians, 1926). 13 See Pierce (1977) for a brief history. American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims 317 thresholds for claimant inclusion and the determination of “fair and honorable dealings” and “unconscionable consideration” within treaty or agreement contexts were carefully considered. The latter factor—unconscionable consideration—was the basis for most ICC claims (Ross, 1973). Initially, the broad language of the “fair and honorable dealings” clause appeared to provide the impetus to expand the scope of claims beyond the confines established by treaties and other agreements (Newton, 1992). Indeed, Newton pointed to a Congressional committee report (Creating an Indian Claims Commission, 1945) to document the legislative intent behind this broad language.14 However, case results have seen mostly restricted interpretations, including Fort Sill Apache Tribe v. United States (1973), holding that the clause “is limited to somewhat fewer situations than a literal reading would im- ply” (p. 640). Case decisions, including the Fort Sill Apache Tribe case, have shown “that recov- ery under [the clause] … required the existence of a special undertaking by the government or a special relationship between the government and the [tribe]” (McDaniel, 1979, p. 692). The treaties were often the only tangible instruments by which to demonstrate a “special undertaking” or “special relationship.” Ultimately, Newton (1992) concluded that the clause was “reduced … to nothing more than a statutory or treaty claim, duplicating claims adjudicated under other provisions of the … Act” (p. 783). While the Act presented a moral façade with “fair and honorable dealings” and “unconscionable consideration,” the continued use of offsets, and in fact, the inclusion of “gratuitous” offset provisions, generally succeeded in mitigating any intended obligation. Price (1973, p. 493), Newton (1992), and others15 provide numerous depictions of the continued effects of offsets on claims reparations since 1946. Newton (p. 819) characterized the rationales for permitting offsets as “rather dubious,” and in some cases, as “laughable.” Rosenthal (1990) provided a complete history of the ICC as well as of the decades pre- ceding this Court. He referred, in the section on the early history of claims administration, to attempts in the 1850s by the federal government to include within treaty negotiations articles that waived all claims based on previous treaties. For example, the Omaha “relinquish[ed] to the United States all claims, for money or other thing, under former treaties, and likewise all claim which they may have heretofore, at any time, set up, to any land, on the east side of the Missouri River” (Treaty with the Omaha, 1854; Kappler, 1904, pp. 611–612). This orientation persevered well into the 20th century with the special jurisdictional act requirement to access the Court and the non-citizenship status of In- dians until 1924. Rosenthal noted that “[f]rom 1881 to 1946, 219 claims were filed with the Court of Claims. Of these cases only thirty-five won awards” (p. 24). In comparison, the Court of Claims addressed 10,841 depredation claims between 1891 and 1920 (Sko-

14 The purpose of the Indian Claims Commission was made quite clear in this Report: “The bill in its present form is primarily designed to right a continuing wrong to our Indian citizens for which no possible justification can be asserted” (p. 1), and “In order that the decisions reached under the proposed legislation shall have finality it is essential that the jurisdiction to hear claims which is vested in the Commis- sion be broad enough to include all possible claims. If any class of claims is omitted, we may be sure that sooner or later that omission will lead to appeals for new special jurisdictional acts” (p. 10). 15 See, for example, White (1978). 318 C. Bernholz & R. Weiner in Government Information Quarterly (2008) gen, 1996). With the establishment of the ICC, Ross (1973) reported that the number of initial tribal petitions grew to 370, and that these petitions were separated into 611 claims, each with unique ICC docket numbers.16 The initial legislation in 1946 provided for a 10- year judicial period, but the Commission’s tenure was extended until 30 September 1978, at which time all remaining cases were transferred to the Court of Claims. The Court of Claims continued until 1982 at which time the Court’s name was adjusted to the United States Claims Court (An act to establish a United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, 1982). The new Court retained the original jurisdiction of the Court of Claims. Table 1 contains 63 citations from 21 cases before this specific Court.17 Ten years later, through the Federal Court Administration Act of 1992 (An act to implement the recommendations of the Federal Courts Study Committee), the Court’s name was changed to the United States Court of Federal Claims, and the eight cases between 1993 and 2004 are referenced in Table 1 by 20 citations. In total, for the years following the creation of the ICC18—i.e., specifically for the in- terval 1950 through 2004—Table 1 contains 574 citations to 187 cases brought either initially to the Court or to it on appeal from the ICC. This is 58% of all citations and 55% of all cases before all three Courts of Claims.

1. Table 1 and case selection

In this study, there were two possible sources for relevant cases. First, the Checklist of United States Public Documents, 1789–1909 (1911, pp. 604–605) identifies those United States Congressional Serial Set volumes that contain the first 295 Court of Claims decisions.19 Second, the Checklist also reveals that the Court of Claims Reports reporter commenced in 1867, identifying Court of Claims opinions beginning in 1863.20 This latter resource contin-

16 Docket number 1 pertained to the case of the Loyal Creek Band or Group and Claimant’s Com- mittee (Ross, 1973, p. 1), while docket number 370 was submitted by the Natives of Palmer, Alaska (p. 15). Barney (1955) noted that the Loyal Creek were an early example of a tribal “identifiable group” that could file suit as a separate claimant. The United States Indian Claims Commission Final Report (1979, p. iii) reports 617 dockets. 17 There are 50 citations in Table 1, involving 19 unique cases between the years 1978 to 1981, that are identified with the LexisNexis electronic file designator. For example, the 1978 case Navajo Tribe of Indians v. United States cited ratified treaty number 86; this case is referenced as “1978 U.S. Ct. Cl. Lexis 644.” 18 Western (Old Settler) Cherokee Indians and Eastern (Emigrant) Cherokee Indians v. United States (1948) was the first case decided by the ICC. 19 The Checklist notes that the case reports are numbered 1 through 296, but that the House of Rep- resentatives never received Report number 42. See Bernholz and Ellis (2006) for an investigation into Court of Claims Report 42. 20 An act in relation to the Court of Claims (1866) mandated this formal printing requirement. Section 3 specifies that “a copy of the decisions” was to be sent to various officials at the end of each term of the Court of Claims. Richardson (1885, p. 16) states that “Judge [Charles C.] Nott, in connection with the clerk, commenced in the year 1867 the regular publication of reports, under the title of ‘Court of Claims Reports.’” American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims 319 ued as the main legal reporter of subsequent final decisions of the Court of Claims. ▪ Early cases (1855–1862) The Readex United States Congressional Serial Set21 database was used to search for appropriate cases in the following manner. First, all 295 Court of Claims reports were retrieved with the “Publication Search” option; the final case in this series, William G. Brown was dated 23 December 1862. This subset was then re-examined for the inci- dence of the term “treaty OR treaties” and of the term “Indian OR Indians OR tribe” in the text of the report. Twenty-six possible cases were acquired in this manner and of these, 12 cases made 44 citations to a recognized Indian treaty22 or treaty supplement.23 Each of these final cases has been placed in Table 1 in the case title and in the citation columns as, for example, “John C. Hale (1856)” and “C.C.Rpt. 19.” The Serial Set citation for each such case is listed in this footnote in Court of Claims Report number order.24 ▪ Later cases (1863–present) Those cases after 1862 from the various Courts of Claims were selected by using each

21 See the product description at http://www.newsbankonline.com/readex/. 22 The Department of State ratified treaty numbering system identifies those treaties that have been recognized by the federal government. All the 374 ratified treaties in that formal numbering system— plus the never formally promulgated Treaty of Fort Laramie with Sioux, etc., 1851 (Kappler, 1904, pp. 594–596) that has been assigned the fictitious ratified treaty number 999—were examined here. The United States Court of Claims itself ruled that, although never formally proclaimed or given a ratified treaty number by the Department of State, the Treaty of Fort Laramie with Sioux, etc., 1851 “is binding upon the parties” (Roy v. United States, 1910). The texts and images of the original treaties may be examined in the microfilm collection Ratified Indian Treaties, 1722–1869 (1966). Legislation in 1871 ended treaty making: “Provided, further, that nothing herein contained shall be construed to invalidate or impair the obligation of any treaty heretofore lawfully made and ratified with any such Indian nation or tribe” (16 Stat. 544, 566). 23 Treaty supplements affected parameters of previously negotiated instruments, and occurred in two general forms: supplemental articles and supplementary treaties (Bernholz, 2006). These are entered in Table 1 as decimal additions to the ratified treaty number of the affected document. For example, the first occurrence is under ratified treaty number 103.1, the Treaty with the Delawares, 1829 (Kappler, 1904, pp. 304–305), a supplementary treaty that modified aspects of ratified treaty number 103, the Treaty with the Delawares, 1818 (pp. 170–171). In Table 1, there are 16 individual supplementals: six supplemental articles (ratified treaty number 161.1, 173.1, 189.1, 191.1, 199.2, 308.1, and 309.1) and nine supplementary treaties (ratified treaty number 103.1, 123.1, 152.1, 253.1, 265.1, 291.1, 293.1, 306.1, and 327.1). Supplemental articles number 308.1 and 309.1 are the same 1860 document (Right and title of certain bands of Sioux Indians, to lands embraced in reservation on the Minnesota River; Kappler, 1904, p. 789) that changed the 1858 treaties of the Mdewakanton and Wahpekute (pp. 781–785), and the Sisseton and Wahpeton (pp. 785–789) bands of Sioux, respectively. 24 The twelve cases are as follows: James M. Lindsay (1856); John C. Hale (1856); J. K. Rogers (1857); Robert Harrison (1857); Neal Smith, administrator of William Turvin (1857); Joshua J. Guppey, county judge of Columbia County, Wisconsin, as trustee for the settlers and occupants of “Portage City” (1858); State of Alabama (1858); Doctor James Thacher — Heirs of (1859); Charles V. Stuart (1859); James Preston Beck, administrator of Preston Beck, Jr. (1861); Stephen Johnston and others, heirs-at- law of Stephen Johnston (1861); and James L. Johnson, surviving partner of the firm of Beck & Johnson (1862). 25 Volumes of Statutes at Large are now available on the Library of Congress’s Century of Lawmak- ing for a New Nation page at http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwsl.html. The texts of all treaties in Table 1 are available at this site. 320 C. Bernholz & R. Weiner in Government Information Quarterly (2008)

treaty’s Statutes at Large reference25 to identify case entries in the volumes of Shepard’s Federal Statute Citations.26 In addition, each treaty’s Statutes at Large notation was re-examined with the full LexisNexis online database to identify any case not reported in Shepard’s Federal Statute Citations. The same suite of Statutes at Large references was submitted to the Web-based Westlaw Campus system as well. By combining these early and late cases, Table 1 was constructed to identify the 992 citations to 240 of 375 recognized Indian treaties or to 16 supplements found in 342 Court opinions between the years 1884 (Chickasaw Nation v. United States and Con- nor v. United States) and 2004 (Wolfchild v. United States). Table 1 is an aggregate of the following data: ▪ The ratified treaty number, assigned by the Department of State,27 of each of the relevant treaties or supplements that has been cited in the opinion of any Claims court; ▪ The name(s) of the participating tribe(s), with an expansion of the “etc.” found in the titles of many treaties in Kappler’s work into a complete list of parties. For example, ratified treaty number 9 is the Treaty with the Six Nations, 1784 (Kappler, 1904, pp. 5–6) and the entry for this document in Table 1 identifies as signatories the Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Seneca, and Tuscarora; ▪ The signing date of the treaty, taken from each treaty’s entry in volume 2 of Kappler’s Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties (1904), or in the case of the sole pre-Revolution- ary War document, the date in an alternate source;28 ▪ The treaty page number in Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties (1904); ▪ The Statutes at Large citation for the treaty;29 ▪ The case title and year of the citing case; and ▪ The reporter citation for this case. One final note is required. (Bernholz, 2001) and (Bernholz, 2002) identified those treaties that had never appeared in the opinion of any federal court. Ratified treaty number 141—the Treaty with the Pawnee Tribe, 1825 (Kappler, 1904, pp. 258–260)—was among those documents. As part of the Westlaw Campus analysis of Statutes at Large citations for this study, Pawnee Indian Tribe of Oklahoma v. United States (1953) was retrieved. The use of this treaty in that Claims case thereby reduces to 80 the total number of recognized American Indian treaties that have never been cited in federal jurisdictions.

26 Shepard’s Federal Statute Citations (1996), Shepard’s Federal Statute Citations: Statute Edition Supplement, 1996–2001 (2001), and Shepard’s Federal Statute Citations: Statute Edition Supplement, 2001–2003 (2003) were used in this study. Cumulative soft-covered issues update these bound perma- nent volumes. 27 See Ratified Indian Treaties, 1722–1869 (1966). There is also a list of these assigned numbers in Appendix B of Francis Paul Prucha’s American Indian Treaties: The History of a Political Anomaly (1994). The latter list does not include the first seven recognized treaties that were created by the British before the Revolutionary War. 28 Ratified treaty number 7, the Treaty of Fort Stanwix, or The Grant from the Six Nations to the King and Agreement of Boundary Line—Six Nations, Shawnee, Delaware, Mingoes of Ohio, 1768, does not appear in the Statutes at Large. It is entered in the “Kappler Page Number” column of Table 1 as “EAID 10, 541” to denote page 541 in Vaughan and Graymont (2001). 29 Ratified treaty number 28 appears only on page 641 of the first volume of theAmerican State Papers: Indian Affairs (1832). This document is identified in the“Statutes at Large” column as “ASP:IA 1, 641.” American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims 321

Conclusions

In the first digest of the cases before the Court (Devereux, 1856, p. 12), the Presiding Judge—John James Gilchrist30—noted in a letter dated 23 June 1856 to the Senate and the House of Representatives that “[u]ntil the institution of this court, there had never been anything like a systematic inquiry into the modes of action by the government through the executive departments, or the relation in regard to contracts and the liabilities arising therefrom which the government bore to the citizens.” The James M. Lindsay (1856) case in Table 1 was one of the “[c]ases involving the proper construction of treaties” (p. 13) that came before the Court, and digest items 349 through 353, under the subject heading of “Indians” (pp. 92–93) resulted from the Lindsay case. In her final sentence describing government negotiations with their respective tribes during the late 1860s in both the United States and in Canada, St. Germain (2001) concluded that: “the means that they chose—treaties—in both cases ensured a rebirth for the very peoples they had sought to absorb, this time around in courts of law and firmly based on the legal instruments nineteenth-century governments had sought to employ to their own advantage” (p. 165). The 342 Court of Claims opinions noted in this article—in con- cert with the more than 600 dockets from the Indian Claims Commission era—firmly substantiate her claim of such a “rebirth,” but these claims proceedings also include the use by non-tribal members of these documents. In the early digest of Court of Claims cases, Judge Gilchrist stated that the Court “decided that in order to justify a decision in favor of a claimant, his claim must in all cases be founded on some legal right” (p. 12). He ac- knowledged the Lindsay proceedings as one such exemplar. The Lindsay case has added significance. In terms of the cases presented here, it was one of the two earliest31 Court of Claims proceedings to cite an Indian treaty. Lindsay had purchased property that had been part of reserved Creek lands. The Treaty with the Creeks, 1814 (Kappler, 1904, pp. 107–110) stipulated that any reserved lands that were subsequently left unoccupied “shall devolve to the United States” (p. 108). With the op- erational status of the court in 1856 centered more upon an advisory instead of upon a judicial process, court opinions were delivered to Congress more as proposals for consideration than as legal decisions. As a result of this orientation, the court reported to the House Committee their findings that—based on the parameters of the Creek treaty— Lindsay had “no legal cause of action against the United States” (James M. Lindsay, 1856, p. 16) and so the government was not required to convey the land to him, even if he and his predecessors had purchased it in good faith from tribal members. However, the court noted as well that “[i]t can make no difference to the United States whether the fee is in the heirs of the reservees or in the petitioner; and there would seem to be no necessity that, in a matter so important to the petitioner, and so unimportant to the United States, they should avail themselves of what is a strict legal right” (p. 17). Similar, suc- cessful private land claims, that had involved previously the same treaty, were enumer- ated by the court and, with these court suggestions in hand, Congress—in a joint res-

30 See a brief biography of Gilchrist in Bennett (1976, pp. 1–3). 31 The John C. Hale (1856) case, Court of Claims Report 19, was dated 16 May 1856, just as the Lindsay one. Lindsay is Court of Claims Report 10. 322 C. Bernholz & R. Weiner in Government Information Quarterly (2008) olution 3 months later—confirmed Lindsay’s claim (An act for the relief of James M. Lindsay, 1856). The quest for Judge Gilchrist’s true “systematic inquiry” within the Court of Claims could only occur, however, if the court could make decisions that were not overturned or diluted in some manner by a Congressional committee. The most recent case in Table 1 in this article—Wolfchild v. United States (2004) before the Federal Claims Court—shows the growth of empowerment that resulted from later legislative adjustments to the Claims Court. This action cited three annuity-granting treaties: the Treaty with the Sioux, 1837, the Treaty with the Sioux—Sisseton and Wahpeton Bands, 1851, and the Treaty with the Sioux—Mdewakanton and Wahpakoota Bands, 1851 (Kappler, 1904, pp. 493–494, 588– 590, and 591–593). The government, as partial punishment for the 1862 Minnesota Sioux Outbreak, withdrew the annuities from the perpetrators.32 Those band members whom had remained loyal to the United States were permitted to stay on the land defined within the treaties. Later legislation in 1888, 1889, and 1890 created a program for allotment of up to 80 acres per loyalist, and for financial considerations. The Department of the In- terior, however, kept under trust the title to the land and the government managed these lands until, in 1980, they were disbursed to three Indian groups formed through the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934: the Lower Sioux Indian Community in Minnesota, the Sha- kopee Mdewakanton Sioux (Dakota) Community, and the Prairie Island Indian Commu- nity in Minnesota. These three communities were mostly non-descendants of the loyalists. In Wolfchild, more than 250 lineal members of the original loyalists filed for breach of fiduciary duty and contract by the United States, caused, in part, by the “extraordinarily poor drafting reflected in the 1980 Act” Wolfchild( v. United States, 2004, p. 532). How- ever, the judicial process in this case was very different from that seen in Lindsay. The in- ability, between 1863 and the onset of the Indian Claims Commission in 1946, to raise treaty-based claims meant that few tribal claims questions could be answered, even if the changes in 1863 made the court a more judicial than an advisory one. As noted, special jurisdictional acts were required during this period, as they were for the Sisseton and Wah- peton Bands of Indians and the Medawakanton and Wahpakoota Bands of Sioux Indians cases. In Wolfchild, the same fundamental type of treaty-specific questions prevailed, and the court granted, in part, that “(1) a trust was created in connection with and as a conse- quence of the 1888, 1889, and 1890 Appropriation Acts for the benefit of the loyal Mde- wakanton and their lineal descendants, which trust included land, improvements to land, and monies as the corpus, (2) such trust was neither extinguished nor terminated by the 1980 Act, and (3) such trust was breached by the United States through actions taken in December 1980 and thereafter” (Wolfchild v. United States, 2004, p. 555).

32 Two later Court of Claims cases were authorized to address this annuity loss. The Sisseton and Wahpeton Bands received $788,971.53 (Sisseton & Wahpeton Bands of Indians v. United States, 1907), while the Mdewakanton and Wahpakoota Bands recovered $386,597.89 (Medawakanton & Wahpak- oota Bands of Sioux Indians v. United States, 1922). The two cases are listed as well in Table 1 under the three ratified treaty numbers—224, 258, and 259—cited inWolfchild . The bands cited additional treaties to substantiate their claims: ratified treaty number 360 by the Sisseton andWahpeton Bands, and ratified treaty number 308, 309, 360, and 369 by the Mdewakanton and Wahpakoota. American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims 323

In this later decision, the court reached beyond the uneven early days of the Court of Claims and demonstrated the continuing relevance and usefulness of the treaties created between the Indian Nations and the federal government. The proposals found in the Lind- say opinion rested more upon the private acts, grounded in the same claims–treaty condi- tions as Lindsay, that Congress had enacted previously, while Wolfchild exposed a trust responsibility that developed from federal legislative acts constructed after the cited treaties had been consummated. These two opinions, pronounced a century and a half apart, were one of the earliest, and then one of the most recent, positive demonstrations of the court’s mandate. In the years between these two cases, the Indian Claims Commission at- tempted to address hundreds of cases of unconscionable considerations that adhered to the Indian land cessions conveyed by treaty. Many of the other cases in Table 1—some impeded by, and some freed from, the con- straint of acquiring a special jurisdictional act to proceed—might never have been heard, had it not been for this forum. In addition, the ability to appeal Court of Claims decisions to the United States Supreme Court meant that there was another opportunity for consideration. Many important Court of Claims cases involving Indian treaties later came before the Supreme Court.33 In the case of proceedings delayed by the need to acquire special jurisdictional acts, Congress took almost 20 years to create the Indian Claims Commission, even after the ad- monition raised about this organizational hindrance in the 1928 Institute of Government Research survey report for the Department of Interior entitled The Problem of Indian Ad- ministration.34 In Chapter 13, on the topic of “Legal Aspects of the Indian Problem,” the survey was concerned that “[t]he necessity for such congressional action introduces political considerations into what should be solely a judicial question” (The Problem of In- dian Administration, 1928, p. 805). It was declared also that “[m]any tribal claims are in process of adjudication, but some have not yet reached the preliminary stage of being approved by Congress for presentation to the Court of Claims. It is extremely important that all claims be settled at the earliest possible date. It is therefore recommended that a special commission be appointed to study the remaining claims and to submit recommendations to the Secretary of the Interior regarding their merits, so that those which are meritorious may be submitted to Congress with a draft of a suitable bill authorizing their settlement before the Court of Claims” (p. 748, emphasis added). Congress, however, did feel the need to address past transgressions, as well as to ac- knowledge the contributions of tribal members for their service in the two world wars.35 In 1924, national citizenship was conferred by Congress on “all non-citizen Indians born within the territorial limits of the United States” (An act to authorize the Secretary of the Interior to issue certificates of citizenship to Indians, 1924). Moreover, while offset pro-

33 See Strickland’s (1982, pp. 562–574) discussion of tribal claims and examples of actions that appeared before both courts. 34 This publication is known also as the Meriam Report, named after the Technical Director of the study’s Survey Staff, Lewis Meriam. 35 See specifically pp. 1–2 ofCreating an Indian Claims Commission (1945) for a “History of the Legislation.” 324 C. Bernholz & R. Weiner in Government Information Quarterly (2008) visions and narrow interpretations of “fair and honorable dealings” and “unconscionable consideration” often significantly impaired reparations, the creation of the Indian Claims Commission can be seen as another effort by 20th century government to make amends. There were subsequent questions before the court, after the termination of the Indian Claims Commission, that dealt specifically with treaty parameters and other episodes of unconscionable consideration for ceded land, or with tribal fund management shortcom- ings, or with legislation issues like those in Wolfchild, that were released from such procedural burdens. Pawlitz (2001, p. 1361), in his article on the issue of the indispensability of the federal government in Indian land claims proceedings, pointed out that even today, government control “when combined with Indians’ unique position within the federal system, closely links the protection of Indian rights to the United States’ willingness to allow or become a party to litigation on the Indians’ behalf.” He concluded that careful consideration of this indispensability matter will “ensure that the courts are not responsible for yet another injustice to be borne by American Indians” (p. 1388). By creating the Court of Claims and its successors, the federal government did allow itself to “become a party to litigation on the Indians’ behalf.” In the cases before this jurisdiction that distinctively pertained to Indian treaty issues, the courts endeavored to invoke the kernel of responsibility that President Abraham Lincoln had remarked upon in his first annual message in 1861: “It is as much the duty of government to render prompt justice against itself, in favor of citizens, as it is to administer the same between private individuals” (Message of the President, 1862).

Acknowledgment We thank Francis Paul Prucha, S. J., for his constructive comments regarding this article.

Supplementary Data — Table 1 appears here on pages 328–394.

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Statutes at Large – 7 Stat. 13 7 Stat. 15 7 Stat. 15 7 Stat. 15 7 Stat. 15 7 Stat. 15 7 Stat. 16 541 Kappler page Kappler number EAID 10, 3 5 5 5 5 5 6 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 5 November 1768 17 September 1778 22 October 1784 22 October 1784 22 October 1784 22 October 1784 22 October 1784 21 January 1785 Signatory tribe(s) Cayuga; Mohawk; Oneida; Onondaga; Seneca; Tuscarora; Shawnee; Delaware; Mingo Delaware Cayuga; Mohawk; Oneida; Onondaga; Seneca; Tuscarora Wyandot; Indian treaties, supplemental articles to Indian treaties, and supplementary Indian treaties, listed by Department of State ratified treaty Ratified treaty number 7 8 9 9 9 9 9 10 Table 1. Table that have been referenced in the opinions of United States Court Claims, and successor Courts number, American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims 329 Citation 161 Ct. Cl. 189 45 Ct. Cl. 287 161 Ct. Cl. 189 207 Ct. Cl. 254 32 Fed. Cl. 170 63 Ct. Cl. 270 122 Ct. Cl. 380 136 Ct. Cl. 433 152 Ct. Cl. 747 165 Ct. Cl. 479 Case title United States (1963) v. Tribe Sac and Fox Sac and Sac and Fox Indians of Iowa v. Fox Indians of Oklahoma (1910) United States (1963) v. Tribe Sac and Fox United States (1975) Strong v. United States (1994) Cook v. United States (1927) Creek Nation v. McGhee ex rel. Creek Nation East of Creek Nation and United Mississippi v. States (1952) United of Indians v. Tribe (Euchee) Yuchi States (1956) United States (1961) Creek Nation v. United States (1964) Creek Nation East v. Statutes at Large 7 Stat. 16 7 Stat. 28 7 Stat. 28 7 Stat. 33 7 Stat. 33 7 Stat. 35 7 Stat. 35 7 Stat. 35 7 Stat. 35 7 Stat. 35 Kappler page Kappler number 6 18 18 23 23 25 25 25 25 25 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 21 January 1785 9 January 1789 9 January 1789 9 January 1789 9 January 1789 August 1790 7 August 1790 7 August 1790 7 August 1790 7 August 1790 7 Signatory tribe(s) Delaware; Chippewa; Ottawa Wyandot; Delaware; Ottawa; Chippewa; Potawatomi; Sac Cayuga; Mohawk; Oneida; Onondaga; Seneca; Tuscarora Creek Ratified treaty number 10 15 15 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 330 C. Bernholz & R. Weiner in Government Information Quarterly (2008) Citation 180 Ct. Cl. 487 194 Ct. Cl. 86 201 Ct. Cl. 386 C.C.Rpt. 46 102 Ct. Cl. 720 C.C.Rpt. 190 173 Ct. Cl. 899 173 Ct. Cl. 917 207 Ct. Cl. 254 32 Fed. Cl. 170 C.C.Rpt. 190 ) ) ) Case title United States (1967) v. Tribe Apache Lipan (1971) Williams McGhee v. Creek Nation (1973) United States v. J. K. Rogers (1857 United States (1945) Cherokee Nation v. Stuart (1859 V. Charles United States (1965) Six Nations v. United States Seneca Nation of Indians v. (1965) United States (1975) Strong v. United States (1994) Cook v. Stuart (1859 V. Charles Statutes at Large 7 Stat. 35 7 Stat. 35 7 Stat. 35 7 Stat. 39 7 Stat. 43 7 Stat. 44 7 Stat. 44 7 Stat. 44 7 Stat. 44 7 Stat. 44 7 Stat. 49 Kappler page Kappler number 25 25 25 29 33 34 34 34 34 34 39 Treaty signing date signing Treaty August 1790 7 August 1790 7 August 1790 7 2 July 1791 26 June 1794 November 1794 11 November 1794 11 November 1794 11 November 1794 11 November 1794 11 August 1795 3 Signatory tribe(s) Cherokee Cherokee Cayuga; Mohawk; Oneida; Onondaga; Seneca; Tuscarora Wyandot; Delaware; Shawnee; Ottawa; Chippewa; Potawatomi; Miami; Eel River; Wea; Ratified treaty number 17 17 17 18 20 21 21 21 21 21 23 American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims 331 Citation 126 Ct. Cl. 596 134 Ct. Cl. 478 143 Ct. Cl. 131 146 Ct. Cl. 421 150 Ct. Cl. 725 161 Ct. Cl. 189 174 Ct. Cl. 550 205 Ct. Cl. 765 207 Ct. Cl. 254 222 Ct. Cl. 242 4 Cl. Ct. 445 136 Ct. Cl. 433 152 Ct. Cl. 747 201 Ct. Cl. 546 C.C.Rpt. 46 C.C.Rpt. 190 102 Ct. Cl. 720 ) ) Case title United States (1953) Mole Lake Band v. United States (1956) Mole Lake Band v. Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians v. United States (1958) United States of Oklahoma v. Tribe Miami (1959) United States of Oklahoma v. Tribe Miami (1960) United States (1963) v. Tribe Sac and Fox of Kansas Tribe Kickapoo United States v. (1966) United Potawatomi Nation of Indians v. States (1974) United States (1975) Strong v. United States of Oklahoma v. Tribe Miami (1980) United Hannahville Indian Community v. States (1983) United of Indians v. Tribe (Euchee) Yuchi States (1956) United States (1961) Creek Nation v. Oneida Nation of New United States v. (1973) York J. K. Rogers (1857 Stuart (1859 V. Charles United States (1945) Cherokee Nation v. , 641 Statutes at Large 7 Stat. 49 7 Stat. 49 7 Stat. 49 7 Stat. 49 7 Stat. 49 7 Stat. 49 7 Stat. 49 7 Stat. 49 7 Stat. 49 7 Stat. 49 7 Stat. 49 7 Stat. 56 7 Stat. 56 1 ASP:IA 7 Stat. 62 7 Stat. 62 7 Stat. 62 Kappler page Kappler number 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 46 46 – 51 51 51 Treaty signing date signing Treaty August 1795 3 August 1795 3 August 1795 3 August 1795 3 August 1795 3 August 1795 3 August 1795 3 August 1795 3 August 1795 3 August 1795 3 August 1795 3 29 June 1796 29 June 1796 1 June 1798 2 October 1798 2 October 1798 2 October 1798 Signatory tribe(s) Kickapoo; Piankashaw; Kaskaskia Creek Oneida Cherokee Ratified treaty number 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 25 25 28 29 29 29 332 C. Bernholz & R. Weiner in Government Information Quarterly (2008) Citation 134 Ct. Cl. 478 C.C.Rpt. 190 136 Ct. Cl. 433 152 Ct. Cl. 747 146 Ct. Cl. 421 207 Ct. Cl. 254 4 Cl. Ct. 445 134 Ct. Cl. 478 C.C.Rpt. 190 146 Ct. Cl. 421 ) ) Case title United States (1956) Mole Lake Band v. Stuart (1859 V. Charles United of Indians v. Tribe (Euchee) Yuchi States (1956) United States (1961) Creek Nation v. United States of Oklahoma v. Tribe Miami (1959) United States (1975) Strong v. United Hannahville Indian Community v. States (1983) United States (1956) Mole Lake Band v. Stuart (1859 V. Charles United States of Oklahoma v. Tribe Miami (1959) Statutes at Large 7 Stat. 62 7 Stat. 66 7 Stat. 68 7 Stat. 68 7 Stat. 74 7 Stat. 74 7 Stat. 74 7 Stat. 78 7 Stat. 81 7 Stat. 81 Kappler page Kappler number 51 56 58 58 64 64 64 67 70 70 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 2 October 1798 17 December 1801 16 June 1802 16 June 1802 7 June 1803 7 June 1803 7 June 1803 August 1803 13 August 1804 18 August 1804 18 Signatory tribe(s) Choctaw Creek Delaware; Shawnee; Potawatomi; Miami; Eel River; Wea; Kickapoo; Piankashaw; Kaskaskia Kaskaskia; Michigamea; Cahokia; Tamaroa Delaware Ratified treaty number 29 31 32 32 36 36 36 38 40 40 American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims 333 Citation 146 Ct. Cl. 421 C.C.Rpt. 190 134 Ct. Cl. 478 161 Ct. Cl. 189 179 Ct. Cl. 8 179 Ct. Cl. 473 126 Ct. Cl. 596 134 Ct. Cl. 478 180 Ct. Cl. 477 207 Ct. Cl. 958 220 Ct. Cl. 732 4 Cl. Ct. 445 146 Ct. Cl. 421 ) Case title United States of Oklahoma v. Tribe Miami (1959) Stuart (1859 V. Charles United States (1956) Mole Lake Band v. United States (1963) v. Tribe Sac and Fox United of Indians v. Tribe Sac and Fox States (1967) Citizen Band of Potawatomi Indians v. United States (1967) United States (1953) Mole Lake Band v. United States (1956) Mole Lake Band v. United Hannahville Indian Community v. States (1967) Strong (1975) Strong (1979) United Hannahville Indian Community v. States (1983) United States of Oklahoma v. Tribe Miami (1959) Statutes at Large 7 Stat. 83 7 Stat. 84 7 Stat. 84 7 Stat. 84 7 Stat. 84 7 Stat. 84 7 Stat. 87 7 Stat. 87 7 Stat. 87 7 Stat. 87 7 Stat. 87 7 Stat. 87 7 Stat. 91 Kappler page Kappler number 72 74 74 74 74 74 77 77 77 77 77 77 80 Treaty signing date signing Treaty August 1804 27 3 November 1804 3 November 1804 3 November 1804 3 November 1804 3 November 1804 4 July 1805 4 July 1805 4 July 1805 4 July 1805 4 July 1805 4 July 1805 August 1805 21 Signatory tribe(s) Piankashaw Sac and Fox Wyandot; Ottawa; Chippewa; Munsee; Delaware; Shawnee; Potawatomi Delaware; Potawatomi; Miami; Eel Wea River; Ratified treaty number 41 43 43 43 43 43 45 45 45 45 45 45 47 334 C. Bernholz & R. Weiner in Government Information Quarterly (2008) Citation 150 Ct. Cl. 725 174 Ct. Cl. 550 207 Ct. Cl. 254 4 Cl. Ct. 445 C.C.Rpt. 190 152 Ct. Cl. 747 91 Ct. Cl. 320 126 Ct. Cl. 596 134 Ct. Cl. 478 180 Ct. Cl. 477 205 Ct. Cl. 765 207 Ct. Cl. 960 220 Ct. Cl. 736 4 Cl. Ct. 445 C.C.Rpt. 190 66 Ct. Cl. 64 ) ) Case title United States of Oklahoma v. Tribe Miami (1960) of Kansas Tribe Kickapoo United States v. (1966) United States (1975) Strong v. United Hannahville Indian Community v. States (1983) Stuart (1859 V. Charles United States (1961) Creek Nation v. United States (1940) Choctaw Nation v. United States (1953) Mole Lake Band v. United States (1956) Mole Lake Band v. United Hannahville Indian Community v. States (1967) United Potawatomi Nation of Indians v. States (1974) (1975) Tribe Saginaw Chippewa Indian (1979) Tribe Saginaw Chippewa Indian United Hannahville Indian Community v. States (1983) Stuart (1859 V. Charles United States of Indians v. Tribe Osage (1928) Statutes at Large 7 Stat. 91 7 Stat. 91 7 Stat. 91 7 Stat. 91 7 Stat. 93 7 Stat. 96 7 Stat. 98 7 Stat. 105 7 Stat. 105 7 Stat. 105 7 Stat. 105 7 Stat. 105 7 Stat. 105 7 Stat. 105 7 Stat. 107 7 Stat. 107 Kappler page Kappler number 80 80 80 80 82 85 87 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 95 95 Treaty signing date signing Treaty August 1805 21 August 1805 21 August 1805 21 August 1805 21 25 October 1805 14 November 1805 16 November 1805 17 November 1807 17 November 1807 17 November 1807 17 November 1807 17 November 1807 17 November 1807 17 November 1807 10 November 1808 10 November 1808 Signatory tribe(s) Cherokee Creek Choctaw Ottawa; Chippewa; Wyandot; Potawatomi Osage: Grand and Little Ratified treaty number 47 47 47 47 48 50 51 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 55 55 American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims 335 Citation 126 Ct. Cl. 596 134 Ct. Cl. 478 146 Ct. Cl. 421 150 Ct. Cl. 725 207 Ct. Cl. 254 4 Cl. Ct. 445 146 Ct. Cl. 421 207 Ct. Cl. 254 146 Ct. Cl. 421 C.C.Rpt. 10 C.C.Rpt. 134 C.C.Rpt. 190 74 Ct. Cl. 663 122 Ct. Cl. 380 ) ) ) Case title United States (1953) Mole Lake Band v. United States (1956) Mole Lake Band v. United States of Oklahoma v. Tribe Miami (1959) United States of Oklahoma v. Tribe Miami (1960) United States (1975) Strong v. United Hannahville Indian Community v. States (1983) United States of Oklahoma v. Tribe Miami (1959) United States (1975) Strong v. United States of Oklahoma v. Tribe Miami (1959) James M. Lindsay (1856 Neal Smith (1857 Stuart (1859 V. Charles United States (1932) Creek Nation v. McGhee ex rel. Creek Nation East of Creek Nation and United Mississippi v. States (1952) Statutes at Large 7 Stat. 112 7 Stat. 112 7 Stat. 113 7 Stat. 113 7 Stat. 113 7 Stat. 113 7 Stat. 116 7 Stat. 116 7 Stat. 117 7 Stat. 120 7 Stat. 120 7 Stat. 120 7 Stat. 120 7 Stat. 120 Kappler page Kappler number 99 99 101 101 101 101 103 103 104 107 107 107 107 107 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 25 November 1808 25 November 1808 30 September 1809 30 September 1809 30 September 1809 30 September 1809 26 October 1809 26 October 1809 9 December 1809 August 1814 9 August 1814 9 August 1814 9 August 1814 9 August 1814 9 Signatory tribe(s) Chippewa; Ottawa; Potawatomi; Wyandot; Shawnee Delaware; Potawatomi; Miami; Eel River Wea Kickapoo Creek Ratified treaty number 56 56 57 57 57 57 58 58 59 61 61 61 61 61 336 C. Bernholz & R. Weiner in Government Information Quarterly (2008) To here 11/28/07 Citation 136 Ct. Cl. 433 152 Ct. Cl. 747 165 Ct. Cl. 479 165 Ct. Cl. 479 126 Ct. Cl. 596 161 Ct. Cl. 189 161 Ct. Cl. 189 80 Ct. Cl. 264 165 Ct. Cl. 479 161 Ct. Cl. 189 146 Ct. Cl. 421 C.C.Rpt. 190 126 Ct. Cl. 596 134 Ct. Cl. 478 ) Case title United of Indians v. Tribe (Euchee) Yuchi States (1956) United States (1961) Creek Nation v. United States (1964) Creek Nation East v. United States (1964) Creek Nation East v. United States (1953) Mole Lake Band v. United States (1963) v. Tribe Sac and Fox United States (1963) v. Tribe Sac and Fox United of Indians v. Tribe Kansas or Kaw States (1934) United States (1964) Creek Nation East v. United States (1963) v. Tribe Sac and Fox United States of Oklahoma v. Tribe Miami (1959) Stuart (1859 V. Charles United States (1953) Mole Lake Band v. United States (1956) Mole Lake Band v. Statutes at Large 7 Stat. 120 7 Stat. 120 7 Stat. 120 7 Stat. 130 7 Stat. 131 7 Stat. 134 7 Stat. 135 7 Stat. 137 7 Stat. 137 7 Stat. 141 7 Stat. 145 7 Stat. 146 7 Stat. 146 7 Stat. 146 Kappler page Kappler number 107 107 107 116 117 120 121 123 123 126 131 132 132 132 Treaty signing date signing Treaty August 1814 9 August 1814 9 August 1814 9 2 September 1815 8 September 1815 13 September 1815 14 September 1815 28 October 1815 28 October 1815 13 May 1816 4 June 1816 August 1816 24 August 1816 24 August 1816 24 Signatory tribe(s) Kickapoo Wyandot; Delaware; Seneca; Shawnee; Miami; Chippewa; Ottawa; Potawatomi Sac Fox Kansa Sac: Rock River Wea; Kickapoo Ottawa; Chippewa; Potawatomi Ratified treaty number 61 61 61 69 70 72 73 75 75 78 81 82 82 82 American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims 337 Citation 179 Ct. Cl. 473 4 Cl. Ct. 445 103 Ct. Cl. 1 179 Ct. Cl. 496 1978 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 793 1979 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 799 1981 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 1313 39 Fed. Cl. 441 C.C.Rpt. 46 82 Ct. Cl. 180 82 Ct. Cl. 456 82 Ct. Cl. 566 Ct. Cl. 716 114 124 Ct. Cl. 127 124 Ct. Cl. 315 ) Case title Citizen Band of Potawatomi Indians v. United States (1967) United Hannahville Indian Community v. States (1983) United Chickasaw Nation of Indians v. States (1945) United of Indians v. Tribe Menominee States (1967) of Indians (1978) Tribe Menominee of Indians (1979) Tribe Menominee of Indians (1981) Tribe Menominee United States v. Tribe Menominee Indian (1997) J. K. Rogers (1857 United Eastern or Emigrant Cherokees v. States (1935) United States (1936) Cherokee Nation v. United or Old Settler Cherokees v. Western States (1936) (Old Settler) Cherokee Indians ex Western United States (1949) rel. Owen v. Western Cherokee Nation of Indians ex rel. United (Old Settler) Cherokee Indians v. States (1953) Western Cherokee Nation of Indians ex rel. United (Old Settler) Cherokee Indians v. States (1953) Statutes at Large 7 Stat. 146 7 Stat. 146 7 Stat. 150 7 Stat. 153 7 Stat. 153 7 Stat. 153 7 Stat. 153 7 Stat. 153 7 Stat. 156 7 Stat. 156 7 Stat. 156 7 Stat. 156 7 Stat. 156 7 Stat. 156 7 Stat. 156 Kappler page Kappler number 132 132 135 138 138 138 138 138 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 Treaty signing date signing Treaty August 1816 24 August 1816 24 20 September 1816 30 March 1817 30 March 1817 30 March 1817 30 March 1817 30 March 1817 8 July 1817 8 July 1817 8 July 1817 8 July 1817 8 July 1817 8 July 1817 8 July 1817 Signatory tribe(s) Chickasaw Menominee Cherokee Ratified treaty number 82 82 84 86 86 86 86 86 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 338 C. Bernholz & R. Weiner in Government Information Quarterly (2008) Citation 143 Ct. Cl. 131 126 Ct. Cl. 596 146 Ct. Cl. 421 207 Ct. Cl. 958 220 Ct. Cl. 734 152 Ct. Cl. 747 C.C.Rpt. 19 C.C.Rpt. 190 89 Ct. Cl. 378 128 Ct. Cl. 45 66 Ct. Cl. 64 146 Ct. Cl. 421 205 Ct. Cl. 765 4 Cl. Ct. 445 ) ) Case title Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians v. United States (1958) United States (1953) Mole Lake Band v. United States of Oklahoma v. Tribe Miami (1959) Strong (1975) Strong (1979) United States (1961) Creek Nation v. John C. Hale (1856 Stuart (1859 V. Charles v. Affiliated Bands of Indians and Wichita United States (1939) United States of Indians v. Tribe Quapaw (1954) United States of Indians v. Tribe Osage (1928) United States of Oklahoma v. Tribe Miami (1959) United Potawatomi Nation of Indians v. States (1974) United Hannahville Indian Community v. States (1983) Statutes at Large 7 Stat. 156 7 Stat. 160 7 Stat. 160 7 Stat. 160 7 Stat. 160 7 Stat. 171 7 Stat. 176 7 Stat. 176 7 Stat. 176 7 Stat. 176 7 Stat. 183 7 Stat. 185 7 Stat. 185 7 Stat. 185 Kappler page Kappler number 140 145 145 145 145 155 160 160 160 160 167 168 168 168 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 8 July 1817 29 September 1817 29 September 1817 29 September 1817 29 September 1817 22 January 1818 August 1818 24 August 1818 24 August 1818 24 August 1818 24 25 September 1818 2 October 1818 2 October 1818 2 October 1818 Signatory tribe(s) Wyandot; Seneca; Delaware; Shawnee; Potawatomi; Ottawa; Chippewa Creek Quapaw Osage: Grand and Little Potawatomi Ratified treaty number 89 90 90 90 90 91 96 96 96 96 100 101 101 101 American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims 339 Citation 146 Ct. Cl. 421 169 Ct. Cl. 1009 207 Ct. Cl. 254 72 Ct. Cl. 525 74 Ct. Cl. 368 130 Ct. Cl. 782 146 Ct. Cl. 421 192 Ct. Cl. 385 72 Ct. Cl. 525 74 Ct. Cl. 368 124 Ct. Cl. 324 130 Ct. Cl. 782 192 Ct. Cl. 385 146 Ct. Cl. 421 150 Ct. Cl. 725 159 Ct. Cl. 593 Case title United States of Oklahoma v. Tribe Miami (1959) United States of Indians v. Tribe Peoria (1965) United States (1975) Strong v. United States of Indians v. Tribe Delaware (1931) United States of Indians v. Tribe Delaware (1932) United States of Indians v. Tribe Delaware (1955) United States of Oklahoma v. Tribe Miami (1959) of Indians Tribe Delaware United States v. (1970) United States of Indians v. Tribe Delaware (1931) United States of Indians v. Tribe Delaware (1932) United States v. Tribe Pawnee Indian (1953) United States of Indians v. Tribe Delaware (1955) of Indians Tribe Delaware United States v. (1970) United States of Oklahoma v. Tribe Miami (1959) United States of Oklahoma v. Tribe Miami (1960) of Oklahoma Tribe Miami United States v. (1962) Statutes at Large 7 Stat. 186 7 Stat. 186 7 Stat. 186 7 Stat. 188 7 Stat. 188 7 Stat. 188 7 Stat. 188 7 Stat. 188 7 Stat. 327 7 Stat. 327 7 Stat. 327 7 Stat. 327 7 Stat. 327 7 Stat. 189 7 Stat. 189 7 Stat. 189 Kappler page Kappler number 169 169 169 170 170 170 170 170 304 304 304 304 304 171 171 171 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 2 October 1818 2 October 1818 2 October 1818 3 October 1818 3 October 1818 3 October 1818 3 October 1818 3 October 1818 24 September 1829 24 September 1829 24 September 1829 24 September 1829 24 September 1829 6 October 1818 6 October 1818 6 October 1818 Signatory tribe(s) Wea Delaware Delaware Miami Ratified treaty number 102 102 102 103 103 103 103 103 103.1 103.1 103.1 103.1 103.1 104 104 104 340 C. Bernholz & R. Weiner in Government Information Quarterly (2008) Citation 207 Ct. Cl. 254 103 Ct. Cl. 1 C.C.Rpt. 46 40 Ct. Cl. 252 82 Ct. Cl. 180 82 Ct. Cl. 456 82 Ct. Cl. 566 88 Ct. Cl. 452 102 Ct. Cl. 720 124 Ct. Cl. 315 C.C.Rpt. 190 126 Ct. Cl. 596 126 Ct. Cl. 596 126 Ct. Cl. 596 75 Ct. Cl. 426 89 Ct. Cl. 378 91 Ct. Cl. 320 94 Ct. Cl. 215 133 Ct. Cl. 207 133 Ct. Cl. 643 ) ) Case title United States (1975) Strong v. United Chickasaw Nation of Indians v. States (1945) J. K. Rogers (1857 United States (1905) Cherokee Nation v. United Eastern or Emigrant Cherokees v. States (1935) United States (1936) Cherokee Nation v. United or Old Settler Cherokees v. Western States (1936) United Eastern or Emigrant Cherokees v. States (1939) United States (1945) Cherokee Nation v. Western Cherokee Nation of Indians ex rel. United (Old Settler) Cherokee Indians v. States (1953) Stuart (1859 V. Charles United States (1953) Mole Lake Band v. United States (1953) Mole Lake Band v. United States (1953) Mole Lake Band v. United States (1932) Chickasaw Nation v. v. Affiliated Bands of Indians and Wichita United States (1939) United States (1940) Choctaw Nation v. United States (1941) Chickasaw Nation v. United States (1955) Choctaw Nation v. United States (1956) Chitto v. Statutes at Large 7 Stat. 189 7 Stat. 192 7 Stat. 195 7 Stat. 195 7 Stat. 195 7 Stat. 195 7 Stat. 195 7 Stat. 195 7 Stat. 195 7 Stat. 195 7 Stat. 200 7 Stat. 203 7 Stat. 206 7 Stat. 207 7 Stat. 210 7 Stat. 210 7 Stat. 210 7 Stat. 210 7 Stat. 210 7 Stat. 210 Kappler page Kappler number 171 174 177 177 177 177 177 177 177 177 182 185 187 188 191 191 191 191 191 191 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 6 October 1818 19 October 1818 27 February 1819 27 February 1819 27 February 1819 27 February 1819 27 February 1819 27 February 1819 27 February 1819 27 February 1819 30 July 1819 24 September 1819 16 June 1820 6 July 1820 18 October 1820 18 October 1820 18 October 1820 18 October 1820 18 October 1820 18 October 1820 Signatory tribe(s) Chickasaw Cherokee Kickapoo Chippewa Chippewa Ottawa; Chippewa Choctaw Ratified treaty number 104 105 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 107 109 110 111 115 115 115 115 115 115 American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims 341 Citation 180 Ct. Cl. 477 205 Ct. Cl. 765 4 Cl. Ct. 445 180 Ct. Cl. 375 194 Ct. Cl. 86 159 Ct. Cl. 247 161 Ct. Cl. 189 179 Ct. Cl. 8 195 Ct. Cl. 365 179 Ct. Cl. 8 89 Ct. Cl. 378 128 Ct. Cl. 45 128 Ct. Cl. 45 21 Ct. Cl. 59 94 Ct. Cl. 215 133 Ct. Cl. 643 Case title United Hannahville Indian Community v. States (1967) United Potawatomi Nation of Indians v. States (1974) United Hannahville Indian Community v. States (1983) Seminole Indians (1967) United States v. (1971) Williams McGhee v. United of Indians v. Tribe Sac and Fox States (1962) United States (1963) v. Tribe Sac and Fox United of Indians v. Tribe Sac and Fox States (1967) United of Iowa Reservation v. Tribe Iowa States (1971) United of Indians v. Tribe Sac and Fox States (1967) v. Affiliated Bands of Indians and Wichita United States (1939) United States of Indians v. Tribe Quapaw (1954) United States of Indians v. Tribe Quapaw (1954) United States (1886) Choctaw Nation v. United States (1941) Chickasaw Nation v. United States (1956) Chitto v. Statutes at Large 7 Stat. 218 7 Stat. 218 7 Stat. 218 7 Stat. 224 7 Stat. 224 7 Stat. 229 7 Stat. 229 7 Stat. 229 7 Stat. 229 7 Stat. 231 7 Stat. 232 7 Stat. 232 7 Stat. 424 7 Stat. 234 7 Stat. 234 7 Stat. 234 Kappler page Kappler number 198 198 198 203 203 207 207 207 207 208 210 210 395 211 211 211 Treaty signing date signing Treaty August 1821 29 August 1821 29 August 1821 29 18 September 1823 18 September 1823 August 1824 4 August 1824 4 August 1824 4 August 1824 4 August 1824 4 15 November 1824 15 November 1824 13 May 1833 20 January 1825 20 January 1825 20 January 1825 Signatory tribe(s) Ottawa; Chippewa; Potawatomi Miccosukee; Tallahassee; Seminole Sac and Fox Iowa Quapaw Quapaw Choctaw Ratified treaty number 117 117 117 120 120 121 121 121 121 122 123 123 123.1 124 124 124 342 C. Bernholz & R. Weiner in Government Information Quarterly (2008) Citation 66 Ct. Cl. 64 80 Ct. Cl. 264 85 Ct. Cl. 331 Ct. Cl. 592 119 124 Ct. Cl. 324 80 Ct. Cl. 264 124 Ct. Cl. 324 192 Ct. Cl. 385 21 Cl. Ct. 176 80 Ct. Cl. 264 80 Ct. Cl. 264 80 Ct. Cl. 410 ) Case title United States of Indians v. Tribe Osage (1928) United of Indians v. Tribe Kansas or Kaw States (1934) River Wind of Indians Tribe Shoshone United States (1937 Reservation v. United States Osage Nation of Indians v. (1951) United States v. Tribe Pawnee Indian (1953) United of Indians v. Tribe Kansas or Kaw States (1934) United States v. Tribe Pawnee Indian (1953) of Indians Tribe Delaware United States v. (1970) of Pine Ridge Indian Tribe Oglala Sioux United States (1990) Reservation v. United of Indians v. Tribe Kansas or Kaw States (1934) United of Indians v. Tribe Kansas or Kaw States (1934) United States (1935) Chippewa Indians v. Statutes at Large 7 Stat. 240 7 Stat. 240 7 Stat. 240 7 Stat. 240 7 Stat. 240 7 Stat. 244 7 Stat. 244 7 Stat. 244 7 Stat. 252 7 Stat. 268 7 Stat. 270 7 Stat. 272 Kappler page Kappler number 217 217 217 217 217 222 222 222 230 246 248 250 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 2 June 1825 2 June 1825 2 June 1825 2 June 1825 2 June 1825 3 June 1825 3 June 1825 3 June 1825 5 July 1825 August 1825 10 August 1825 16 August 1825 19 Signatory tribe(s) Osage: Grand and Little Kansa Sioux: Sioune and Oglala Osage: Grand and Little Kansa Sioux; Chippewa; Sac and Fox; Menominee; Iowa; Winnebago; Ottawa; Potawatomi Ratified treaty number 126 126 126 126 126 127 127 127 130 137 138 139 American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims 343 Citation 126 Ct. Cl. 596 161 Ct. Cl. 189 161 Ct. Cl. 258 163 Ct. Cl. 329 175 Ct. Cl. 564 177 Ct. Cl. 263 179 Ct. Cl. 496 205 Ct. Cl. 148 1978 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 793 1981 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 1313 124 Ct. Cl. 324 165 Ct. Cl. 510 77 Ct. Cl. 226 122 Ct. Cl. 380 143 Ct. Cl. 131 201 Ct. Cl. 386 126 Ct. Cl. 596 ) Case title United States (1953) Mole Lake Band v. United States (1963) v. Tribe Sac and Fox United States v. Tribe Minnesota Chippewa (1963) United Lower Sioux Indian Community v. States (1963) or Band of Indians v. Tribe Sioux Yankton United States (1966) York Emigrant New United States v. Indians (1966) United of Indians v. Tribe Menominee States (1967) United States (1974) v. Tribe Sioux of Indians (1978) Tribe Menominee of Indians (1981) Tribe Menominee of Oklahoma v. Tribe Pawnee Indian United States (1953 United States v. Tribe Absentee Shawnee (1964) United States (1933) Creek Nation v. McGhee ex rel. Creek Nation East of Creek Nation and United Mississippi v. States (1952) Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians v. United States (1958) Creek Nation (1973) United States v. United States (1953) Mole Lake Band v. Statutes at Large 7 Stat. 272 7 Stat. 272 7 Stat. 272 7 Stat. 272 7 Stat. 272 7 Stat. 272 7 Stat. 272 7 Stat. 272 7 Stat. 272 7 Stat. 272 7 Stat. 279 7 Stat. 284 7 Stat. 286 7 Stat. 286 7 Stat. 286 7 Stat. 286 7 Stat. 290 Kappler page Kappler number 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 258 262 264 264 264 264 268 Treaty signing date signing Treaty August 1825 19 August 1825 19 August 1825 19 August 1825 19 August 1825 19 August 1825 19 August 1825 19 August 1825 19 August 1825 19 August 1825 19 30 September 1825 7 November 1825 24 January 1826 24 January 1826 24 January 1826 24 January 1826 August 1826 5 Signatory tribe(s) Pawnee Shawnee Creek Chippewa Ratified treaty number 139 139 139 139 139 139 139 139 139 139 141 143 144 144 144 144 145 344 C. Bernholz & R. Weiner in Government Information Quarterly (2008) Citation 161 Ct. Cl. 258 C.C.Rpt. 286 205 Ct. Cl. 765 4 Cl. Ct. 445 146 Ct. Cl. 421 150 Ct. Cl. 725 2d 124 618 F. 126 Ct. Cl. 596 161 Ct. Cl. 258 177 Ct. Cl. 263 179 Ct. Cl. 496 1978 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 793 1981 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 1313 C.C.Rpt. 46 40 Ct. Cl. 252 47 Ct. Cl. 59 ) Case title United States v. Tribe Minnesota Chippewa (1963) Stephen Johnston (1861) United Potawatomi Nation of Indians v. States (1974) United Hannahville Indian Community v. States (1983) United States of Oklahoma v. Tribe Miami (1959) United States of Oklahoma v. Tribe Miami (1960) of Indiana v. Tribe Godfroy ex rel. Miami United States (1979) United States (1953) Mole Lake Band v. United States v. Tribe Minnesota Chippewa (1963) York Emigrant New United States v. Indians (1966) United of Indians v. Tribe Menominee States (1967) of Indians (1978) Tribe Menominee of Indians (1981) Tribe Menominee J. K. Rogers (1857 United States (1905) Cherokee Nation v. Railway Co. v. Texas Missouri, Kansas and United States (1911) Statutes at Large 7 Stat. 290 7 Stat. 295 7 Stat. 295 7 Stat. 295 7 Stat. 300 7 Stat. 300 7 Stat. 300 7 Stat. 303 7 Stat. 303 7 Stat. 303 7 Stat. 303 7 Stat. 303 7 Stat. 303 7 Stat. 311 7 Stat. 311 7 Stat. 311 Kappler page Kappler number 268 273 273 273 278 278 278 281 281 281 281 281 281 288 288 288 Treaty signing date signing Treaty August 1826 5 16 October 1826 16 October 1826 16 October 1826 23 October 1826 23 October 1826 23 October 1826 August 1827 11 August 1827 11 August 1827 11 August 1827 11 August 1827 11 August 1827 11 6 May 1828 6 May 1828 6 May 1828 Signatory tribe(s) Potawatomi Miami Chippewa; Menominee; Winnebago Cherokee: Western Ratified treaty number 145 146 146 146 147 147 147 148 148 148 148 148 148 152 152 152 American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims 345 Citation 82 Ct. Cl. 180 82 Ct. Cl. 456 82 Ct. Cl. 566 88 Ct. Cl. 452 Ct. Cl. 716 114 124 Ct. Cl. 127 124 Ct. Cl. 315 130 Ct. Cl. 782 143 Ct. Cl. 131 C.C.Rpt. 46 40 Ct. Cl. 252 44 Ct. Cl. 283 47 Ct. Cl. 59 82 Ct. Cl. 180 82 Ct. Cl. 456 82 Ct. Cl. 566 ) Case title United Eastern or Emigrant Cherokees v. States (1935) United States (1936) Cherokee Nation v. United or Old Settler Cherokees v. Western States (1936) United Eastern or Emigrant Cherokees v. States (1939) (Old Settler) Cherokee Indians ex Western United States (1949) rel. Owen v. Western Cherokee Nation of Indians ex rel. United (Old Settler) Cherokee Indians v. States (1953) Western Cherokee Nation of Indians ex rel. United (Old Settler) Cherokee Indians v. States (1953) United States of Indians v. Tribe Delaware (1955) Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians v. United States (1958) J. K. Rogers (1857 United States (1905) Cherokee Nation v. United States (1909) Brown v. Railway Co. v. Texas Missouri, Kansas and United States (1911) United Eastern or Emigrant Cherokees v. States (1935) United States (1936) Cherokee Nation v. United or Old Settler Cherokees v. Western States (1936) Statutes at Large 7 Stat. 311 7 Stat. 311 7 Stat. 311 7 Stat. 311 7 Stat. 311 7 Stat. 311 7 Stat. 311 7 Stat. 311 7 Stat. 311 7 Stat. 414 7 Stat. 414 7 Stat. 414 7 Stat. 414 7 Stat. 414 7 Stat. 414 7 Stat. 414 Kappler page Kappler number 288 288 288 288 288 288 288 288 288 385 385 385 385 385 385 385 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 6 May 1828 6 May 1828 6 May 1828 6 May 1828 6 May 1828 6 May 1828 6 May 1828 6 May 1828 6 May 1828 14 February 1833 14 February 1833 14 February 1833 14 February 1833 14 February 1833 14 February 1833 14 February 1833 Signatory tribe(s) Cherokee: Western Ratified treaty number 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152.1 152.1 152.1 152.1 152.1 152.1 152.1 346 C. Bernholz & R. Weiner in Government Information Quarterly (2008) Citation 88 Ct. Cl. 452 122 Ct. Cl. 380 124 Ct. Cl. 127 143 Ct. Cl. 131 126 Ct. Cl. 596 179 Ct. Cl. 473 4 Cl. Ct. 445 126 Ct. Cl. 596 179 Ct. Cl. 473 180 Ct. Cl. 477 4 Cl. Ct. 445 72 Ct. Cl. 525 Case title United Eastern or Emigrant Cherokees v. States (1939) McGhee ex rel. Creek Nation East of Creek Nation and United Mississippi v. States (1952) Western Cherokee Nation of Indians ex rel. United (Old Settler) Cherokee Indians v. States (1953) Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians v. United States (1958) United States (1953) Mole Lake Band v. Citizen Band of Potawatomi Indians v. United States (1967) United Hannahville Indian Community v. States (1983) United States (1953) Mole Lake Band v. Citizen Band of Potawatomi Indians v. United States (1967) United Hannahville Indian Community v. States (1967) United Hannahville Indian Community v. States (1983) United States of Indians v. Tribe Delaware (1931) Statutes at Large 7 Stat. 414 7 Stat. 414 7 Stat. 414 7 Stat. 414 7 Stat. 315 7 Stat. 315 7 Stat. 317 7 Stat. 320 7 Stat. 320 7 Stat. 320 7 Stat. 320 7 Stat. 327 Kappler page Kappler number 385 385 385 385 292 292 294 297 297 297 297 304 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 14 February 1833 14 February 1833 14 February 1833 14 February 1833 August 1828 25 August 1828 25 20 September 1828 29 July 1829 29 July 1829 29 July 1829 29 July 1829 24 September 1829 Signatory tribe(s) Winnebago; Potawatomi; Chippewa; Ottawa Potawatomi Chippewa; Ottawa; Potawatomi Delaware Ratified treaty number 152.1 152.1 152.1 152.1 153 153 154 155 155 155 155 158 American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims 347 Citation 74 Ct. Cl. 368 124 Ct. Cl. 324 130 Ct. Cl. 782 192 Ct. Cl. 385 80 Ct. Cl. 264 131 Ct. Cl. 593 175 Ct. Cl. 564 1981 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 1334 227 Ct. Cl. 793 C.C.Rpt. 46 C.C.Rpt. 127 21 Ct. Cl. 59 ) ) Case title United States of Indians v. Tribe Delaware (1932) United States v. Tribe Pawnee Indian (1953) United States of Indians v. Tribe Delaware (1955) of Indians Tribe Delaware United States v. (1970) United of Indians v. Tribe Kansas or Kaw States (1934) United States v. Tribe Otoe and Missouria (1955) or Band of Indians v. Tribe Sioux Yankton United States (1966) Lower Sioux Indian Community in United States (1981) Minnesota v. United Lower Sioux Indian Community v. States (1981) J. K. Rogers (1857 Robert Harrison (1857 United States (1886) Choctaw Nation v. Statutes at Large 7 Stat. 327 7 Stat. 327 7 Stat. 327 7 Stat. 327 7 Stat. 328 7 Stat. 328 7 Stat. 328 7 Stat. 328 7 Stat. 328 7 Stat. 333 7 Stat. 333 7 Stat. 333 Kappler page Kappler number 304 304 304 304 305 305 305 305 305 310 310 310 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 24 September 1829 24 September 1829 24 September 1829 24 September 1829 15 July 1830 15 July 1830 15 July 1830 15 July 1830 15 July 1830 27 September 1830 27 September 1830 27 September 1830 Signatory tribe(s) Sac and Fox; Sioux: Mdewakanton, Wahpeton, and Wahpekute, Sisseton; Omaha; Iowa; Oto; Missouri Choctaw Ratified treaty number 158 158 158 158 159 159 159 159 159 160 160 160 348 C. Bernholz & R. Weiner in Government Information Quarterly (2008) Citation 44 Ct. Cl. 48 59 Ct. Cl. 768 59 Ct. Cl. 796 75 Ct. Cl. 426 81 Ct. Cl. 1 83 Ct. Cl. 49 83 Ct. Cl. 79 83 Ct. Cl. 140 89 Ct. Cl. 378 91 Ct. Cl. 320 94 Ct. Cl. 215 133 Ct. Cl. 207 133 Ct. Cl. 643 177 Ct. Cl. 263 179 Ct. Cl. 496 1978 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 793 1981 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 1313 39 Fed. Cl. 441 177 Ct. Cl. 263 28 Ct. Cl. 447 165 Ct. Cl. 510 Case title United States (1908) v. Ayres Choctaw Nation (1924) Garland v. Choctaw Nation (1924) Pitchlynn v. United States (1932) Chickasaw Nation v. United States (1935) Choctaw Nation v. United States (1936) Choctaw Nation v. United States (1936) McCalib v. United States (1936) Choctaw Nation v. v. Affiliated Bands of Indians and Wichita United States (1939) United States (1940) Choctaw Nation v. United States (1941) Chickasaw Nation v. United States (1955) Choctaw Nation v. United States (1956) Chitto v. York Emigrant New United States v. Indians (1966) United of Indians v. Tribe Menominee States (1967) of Indians (1978) Tribe Menominee of Indians (1981) Tribe Menominee United States v. Tribe Menominee Indian (1997) York Emigrant New United States v. Indians (1966) United States (1893) Blackfeather v. United States v. Tribe Absentee Shawnee (1964) Statutes at Large 7 Stat. 333 7 Stat. 333 7 Stat. 333 7 Stat. 333 7 Stat. 333 7 Stat. 333 7 Stat. 333 7 Stat. 333 7 Stat. 333 7 Stat. 333 7 Stat. 333 7 Stat. 333 7 Stat. 333 7 Stat. 342 7 Stat. 342 7 Stat. 342 7 Stat. 342 7 Stat. 342 7 Stat. 346 7 Stat. 355 7 Stat. 355 Kappler page Kappler number 310 310 310 310 310 310 310 310 310 310 310 310 310 319 319 319 319 319 323 331 331 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 27 September 1830 27 September 1830 27 September 1830 27 September 1830 27 September 1830 27 September 1830 27 September 1830 27 September 1830 27 September 1830 27 September 1830 27 September 1830 27 September 1830 27 September 1830 8 February 1831 8 February 1831 8 February 1831 8 February 1831 8 February 1831 17 February 1831 August 1831 8 August 1831 8 Signatory tribe(s) Menominee Menominee Shawnee Ratified treaty number 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 161 161 161 161 161 161.1 164 164 American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims 349 Citation 166 Ct. Cl. 373 C.C.Rpt. 46 77 Ct. Cl. 159 77 Ct. Cl. 226 122 Ct. Cl. 380 152 Ct. Cl. 747 201 Ct. Cl. 386 C.C.Rpt. 46 78 Ct. Cl. 474 180 Ct. Cl. 375 C.C.Rpt. 190 C.C.Rpt. 190 205 Ct. Cl. 765 4 Cl. Ct. 445 C.C.Rpt. 181 22 Ct. Cl. 222 83 Ct. Cl. 140 C.C.Rpt. 181 42 Ct. Cl. 385 44 Ct. Cl. 48 205 Ct. Cl. 765 4 Cl. Ct. 445 ) ) ) ) ) ) Case title United States (1964) v. Tribe Ottawa J. K. Rogers (1857 United States (1933) Creek Nation v. United States (1933) Creek Nation v. McGhee ex rel. Creek Nation East of Creek Nation and United Mississippi v. States (1952) United States (1961) Creek Nation v. Creek Nation (1973) United States v. J. K. Rogers (1857 United States (1933) Creek Nation v. Seminole Indians (1967) United States v. Stuart (1859 V. Charles Stuart (1859 V. Charles United Potawatomi Nation of Indians v. States (1974) United Hannahville Indian Community v. States (1983) Alabama (1858 State of United States (1887) Chickasaw Nation v. United States (1936) Choctaw Nation v. Alabama (1858 State of United States (1907) v. Ayres United States (1908) v. Ayres United Potawatomi Nation of Indians v. States (1974) United Hannahville Indian Community v. States (1983) Statutes at Large 7 Stat. 359 7 Stat. 366 7 Stat. 366 7 Stat. 366 7 Stat. 366 7 Stat. 366 7 Stat. 366 7 Stat. 368 7 Stat. 368 7 Stat. 368 7 Stat. 374 7 Stat. 377 7 Stat. 378 7 Stat. 378 7 Stat. 381 7 Stat. 381 7 Stat. 381 7 Stat. 388 7 Stat. 388 7 Stat. 388 7 Stat. 394 7 Stat. 394 Kappler page Kappler number 335 341 341 341 341 341 341 344 344 344 349 352 353 353 356 356 356 362 362 362 367 367 Treaty signing date signing Treaty August 1831 30 24 March 1832 24 March 1832 24 March 1832 24 March 1832 24 March 1832 24 March 1832 9 May 1832 9 May 1832 9 May 1832 21 September 1832 October 1832 11 20 October 1832 20 October 1832 20 October 1832 20 October 1832 20 October 1832 22 October 1832 22 October 1832 22 October 1832 26 October 1832 26 October 1832 Signatory tribe(s) Ottawa Creek Seminole Sac and Fox Apalachicola Potawatomi Chickasaw Chickasaw Potawatomi Ratified treaty number 165 167 167 167 167 167 167 168 168 168 170 171 172 172 173 173 173 173.1 173.1 173.1 175 175 350 C. Bernholz & R. Weiner in Government Information Quarterly (2008) Citation 143 Ct. Cl. 131 205 Ct. Cl. 765 4 Cl. Ct. 445 177 Ct. Cl. 263 179 Ct. Cl. 496 1978 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 793 1981 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 1313 169 Ct. Cl. 1009 174 Ct. Cl. 550 C.C.Rpt. 46 40 Ct. Cl. 252 44 Ct. Cl. 283 47 Ct. Cl. 59 82 Ct. Cl. 180 82 Ct. Cl. 456 82 Ct. Cl. 566 ) Case title Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians v. United States (1958) United Potawatomi Nation of Indians v. States (1974) United Hannahville Indian Community v. States (1983) York Emigrant New United States v. Indians (1966) United of Indians v. Tribe Menominee States (1967) of Indians (1978) Tribe Menominee of Indians (1981) Tribe Menominee United States of Indians v. Tribe Peoria (1965) of Kansas Tribe Kickapoo United States v. (1966) J. K. Rogers (1857 United States (1905) Cherokee Nation v. United States (1909) Brown v. Railway Co. v. Texas Missouri, Kansas and United States (1911) United Eastern or Emigrant Cherokees v. States (1935) United States (1936) Cherokee Nation v. United or Old Settler Cherokees v. Western States (1936) Statutes at Large 7 Stat. 399 7 Stat. 399 7 Stat. 399 7 Stat. 405 7 Stat. 405 7 Stat. 405 7 Stat. 405 7 Stat. 410 7 Stat. 410 7 Stat. 414 7 Stat. 414 7 Stat. 414 7 Stat. 414 7 Stat. 414 7 Stat. 414 7 Stat. 414 Kappler page Kappler number 372 372 372 377 377 377 377 382 382 385 385 385 385 385 385 385 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 27 October 1832 27 October 1832 27 October 1832 27 October 1832 27 October 1832 27 October 1832 27 October 1832 29 October 1832 29 October 1832 14 February 1833 14 February 1833 14 February 1833 14 February 1833 14 February 1833 14 February 1833 14 February 1833 Signatory tribe(s) Potawatomi Menominee Piankashaw; Wea Cherokee: Western Ratified treaty number 177 177 177 179 179 179 179 180 180 182 182 182 182 182 182 182 American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims 351 Citation 88 Ct. Cl. 452 122 Ct. Cl. 380 124 Ct. Cl. 127 143 Ct. Cl. 131 47 Ct. Cl. 59 77 Ct. Cl. 159 122 Ct. Cl. 380 143 Ct. Cl. 131 152 Ct. Cl. 747 128 Ct. Cl. 45 124 Ct. Cl. 324 131 Ct. Cl. 593 126 Ct. Cl. 596 143 Ct. Cl. 131 Case title United Eastern or Emigrant Cherokees v. States (1939) McGhee ex rel. Creek Nation East of Creek Nation and United Mississippi v. States (1952) Western Cherokee Nation of Indians ex rel. United (Old Settler) Cherokee Indians v. States (1953) Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians v. United States (1958) Railway Co. v. Texas Missouri, Kansas and United States (1911) United States (1933) Creek Nation v. McGhee ex rel. Creek Nation East of Creek Nation and United Mississippi v. States (1952) Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians v. United States (1958) United States (1961) Creek Nation v. United States of Indians v. Tribe Quapaw (1954) United States v. Tribe Pawnee Indian (1953) United States v. Tribe Otoe and Missouria (1955) United States (1953) Mole Lake Band v. Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians v. United States (1958) Statutes at Large 7 Stat. 414 7 Stat. 414 7 Stat. 414 7 Stat. 414 7 Stat. 417 7 Stat. 417 7 Stat. 417 7 Stat. 417 7 Stat. 417 7 Stat. 424 7 Stat. 429 7 Stat. 429 7 Stat. 431 7 Stat. 431 Kappler page Kappler number 385 385 385 385 388 388 388 388 388 395 400 400 402 402 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 14 February 1833 14 February 1833 14 February 1833 14 February 1833 14 February 1833 14 February 1833 14 February 1833 14 February 1833 14 February 1833 13 May 1833 21 September 1833 21 September 1833 26 September 1833 26 September 1833 Signatory tribe(s) Creek Quapaw Oto and Missouri Chippewa; Ottawa; Potawatomi Ratified treaty number 182 182 182 182 183 183 183 183 183 186 188 188 189 189 352 C. Bernholz & R. Weiner in Government Information Quarterly (2008) Citation 215 Ct. Cl. 1 4 Cl. Ct. 445 27 Ct. Cl. 403 215 Ct. Cl. 1 4 Cl. Ct. 445 56 Ct. Cl. 1 124 Ct. Cl. 324 130 Ct. Cl. 782 C.C.Rpt. 127 C.C.Rpt. 181 22 Ct. Cl. 222 42 Ct. Cl. 385 44 Ct. Cl. 48 103 Ct. Cl. 1 C.C.Rpt. 181 150 Ct. Cl. 725 ) ) ) Case title of Tribe Prairie Band of Potawatomie United States (1977) Indians v. United Hannahville Indian Community v. States (1983) United States Potawatamie Indians v. (1892) of Tribe Prairie Band of Potawatomie United States (1977) Indians v. United Hannahville Indian Community v. States (1983) United States of Indians v. Tribe Pawnee (1920) United States v. Tribe Pawnee Indian (1953) United States of Indians v. Tribe Delaware (1955) Robert Harrison (1857 Alabama (1858 State of United States (1887) Chickasaw Nation v. United States (1907) v. Ayres United States (1908) v. Ayres United Chickasaw Nation of Indians v. States (1945) Alabama (1858 State of United States of Oklahoma v. Tribe Miami (1960) Statutes at Large 7 Stat. 431 7 Stat. 431 7 Stat. 442 7 Stat. 442 7 Stat. 442 7 Stat. 448 7 Stat. 448 7 Stat. 448 7 Stat. 450 7 Stat. 450 7 Stat. 450 7 Stat. 450 7 Stat. 450 7 Stat. 450 7 Stat. 456 7 Stat. 458; 7 Stat. 463 Kappler page Kappler number 402 402 410 410 410 416 416 416 418 418 418 418 418 418 424 425 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 26 September 1833 26 September 1833 27 September 1833 27 September 1833 27 September 1833 9 October 1833 9 October 1833 9 October 1833 24 May 1834 24 May 1834 24 May 1834 24 May 1834 24 May 1834 24 May 1834 24 May 1834 23 October 1834 Signatory tribe(s) Chippewa; Ottawa; Potawatomi Pawnee: Grand, Loups, Republican, and Tappage Chickasaw Chickasaw Miami Ratified treaty number 189 189 189.1 189.1 189.1 190 190 190 191 191 191 191 191 191 191.1 192 American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims 353 Citation 143 Ct. Cl. 131 143 Ct. Cl. 131 C.C.Rpt. 127 89 Ct. Cl. 378 140 Ct. Cl. 63 1979 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 761 222 Ct. Cl. 306 45 Ct. Cl. 229 89 Ct. Cl. 378 C.C.Rpt. 46 C.C.Rpt. 185 40 Ct. Cl. 252 44 Ct. Cl. 283 82 Ct. Cl. 180 ) ) ) Case title Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians v. United States (1958) Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians v. United States (1958) Robert Harrison (1857 v. Affiliated Bands of Indians and Wichita United States (1939) United States of Oklahoma v. Tribe Caddo (1957) United States of Oklahoma v. Tribe Caddo (1979) United States of Oklahoma v. Tribe Caddo (1980) United States (1910) Eastern Cherokees v. v. Affiliated Bands of Indians and Wichita United States (1939) J. K. Rogers (1857 Thacher (1859 James Dr. United States (1905) Cherokee Nation v. United States (1909) Brown v. United Eastern or Emigrant Cherokees v. States (1935) Statutes at Large 7 Stat. 467 7 Stat. 469 7 Stat. 470 7 Stat. 470 7 Stat. 470 7 Stat. 470 7 Stat. 470 7 Stat. 474 7 Stat. 474 7 Stat. 478 7 Stat. 478 7 Stat. 478 7 Stat. 478 7 Stat. 478 Kappler page Kappler number 428 431 432 432 432 432 432 435 435 439 439 439 439 439 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 4 December 1834 17 December 1834 1 July 1835 1 July 1835 1 July 1835 1 July 1835 1 July 1835 August 1835 24 August 1835 24 29 December 1835 29 December 1835 29 December 1835 29 December 1835 29 December 1835 Signatory tribe(s) Potawatomi Potawatomi Caddo Comanche; Wichita; Cherokee; Muskogee; Choctaw; Osage; Seneca; Quapaw Cherokee Ratified treaty number 193 196 197 197 197 197 197 198 198 199 199 199 199 199 354 C. Bernholz & R. Weiner in Government Information Quarterly (2008) Citation 82 Ct. Cl. 566 88 Ct. Cl. 452 102 Ct. Cl. 720 Ct. Cl. 665 116 124 Ct. Cl. 315 143 Ct. Cl. 131 21 Cl. Ct. 565 C.C.Rpt. 46 82 Ct. Cl. 566 143 Ct. Cl. 131 42 Ct. Cl. 240 126 Ct. Cl. 596 143 Ct. Cl. 131 80 Ct. Cl. 410 143 Ct. Cl. 131 Case title United or Old Settler Cherokees v. Western States (1936) United Eastern or Emigrant Cherokees v. States (1939) United States (1945) Cherokee Nation v. Cherokee Indians ex rel. Owen v. Western United States (1950) Western Cherokee Nation of Indians ex rel. United (Old Settler) Cherokee Indians v. States (1953) Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians v. United States (1958) United Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma v. States (1990) J. K. Rogers (1857) United or Old Settler Cherokees v. Western States (1936) Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians v. United States (1958) United Ottawa and Chippewa Indians v. States (1907) United States (1953) Mole Lake Band v. Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians v. United States (1958) United States (1935) Chippewa Indians v. Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians v. United States (1958) Statutes at Large 7 Stat. 478 7 Stat. 478 7 Stat. 478 7 Stat. 478 7 Stat. 478 7 Stat. 478 7 Stat. 478 7 Stat. 488 7 Stat. 488 7 Stat. 490 7 Stat. 491 7 Stat. 491 7 Stat. 499 7 Stat. 503 7 Stat. 505 Kappler page Kappler number 439 439 439 439 439 439 439 448 448 450 450 450 457 461 462 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 29 December 1835 29 December 1835 29 December 1835 29 December 1835 29 December 1835 29 December 1835 29 December 1835 1 March 1836 1 March 1836 26 March 1836 28 March 1836 28 March 1836 April 1836 11 9 May 1836 August 1836 5 Signatory tribe(s) Cherokee Potawatomi Ottawa; Chippewa Potawatomi Chippewa: Swan Creek and Black River Potawatomi Ratified treaty number 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199.2 199.2 200 201 201 203 207 208 American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims 355 Citation 101 Ct. Cl. 10 179 Ct. Cl. 496 1978 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 793 1981 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 1313 39 Fed. Cl. 441 4 Cl. Ct. 445 143 Ct. Cl. 131 4 Cl. Ct. 445 131 Ct. Cl. 593 44 Ct. Cl. 48 47 Ct. Cl. 59 75 Ct. Cl. 426 81 Ct. Cl. 1 83 Ct. Cl. 140 91 Ct. Cl. 320 Case title United of Indians v. Tribe Menominee States (1944) United of Indians v. Tribe Menominee States (1967) of Indians (1978) Tribe Menominee of Indians (1981) Tribe Menominee United States v. Tribe Menominee Indian (1997) United Hannahville Indian Community v. States (1983) Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians v. United States (1958) United Hannahville Indian Community v. States (1983) United States v. Tribe Otoe and Missouria (1955) United States (1908) v. Ayres Railway Co. v. Texas Missouri, Kansas and United States (1911) United States (1932) Chickasaw Nation v. United States (1935) Choctaw Nation v. United States (1936) Choctaw Nation v. United States (1940) Choctaw Nation v. Statutes at Large 7 Stat. 506 7 Stat. 506 7 Stat. 506 7 Stat. 506 7 Stat. 506 7 Stat. 514 7 Stat. 515 7 Stat. 515 7 Stat. 524 Stat. 573 11 Stat. 573 11 Stat. 573 11 Stat. 573 11 Stat. 573 11 Stat. 573 11 Kappler page Kappler number 463 463 463 463 463 471 471 471 479 486 486 486 486 486 486 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 3 September 1836 3 September 1836 3 September 1836 3 September 1836 3 September 1836 22 September 1836 23 September 1836 23 September 1836 15 October 1836 17 January 1837 17 January 1837 17 January 1837 17 January 1837 17 January 1837 17 January 1837 Signatory tribe(s) Menominee Potawatomi Potawatomi Oto; Missouri; Omaha; Yankton Sioux: and Santee Choctaw; Chickasaw Ratified treaty number 209 209 209 209 209 213 214 214 217 220 220 220 220 220 220 356 C. Bernholz & R. Weiner in Government Information Quarterly (2008) Citation 94 Ct. Cl. 215 143 Ct. Cl. 131 C.C.Rpt. 190 C.C.Rpt. 290 80 Ct. Cl. 410 Ct. Cl. 16 113 Ct. Cl. 71 114 134 Ct. Cl. 478 161 Ct. Cl. 258 230 Ct. Cl. 761 Cl. Ct. 221 11 57 Ct. Cl. 357 95 Ct. Cl. 72 163 Ct. Cl. 329 205 Ct. Cl. 148 224 Ct. Cl. 458 226 Ct. Cl. 724 228 Ct. Cl. 927 ) ) ) Case title United States (1941) Chickasaw Nation v. Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians v. United States (1958) Stuart (1859 V. Charles James L. Johnson (1862 United States (1935) Chippewa Indians v. United States (1949) Mole Lake Band v. United States (1949) Mole Lake Band v. United States (1956) Mole Lake Band v. United States v. Tribe Minnesota Chippewa (1963) (1982) Tribe Minnesota Chippewa United States v. Tribe Minnesota Chippewa (1986) Bands of Wahpakoota Medawakanton and United States (1922 Sioux Indians v. United States of Indians v. Tribe Sioux (1941) United Lower Sioux Indian Community v. States (1963) United States (1974) v. Tribe Sioux United Lower Sioux Indian Community v. States (1980) United Lower Sioux Indian Community v. States (1981) Lower Sioux Indian Community in United States (1981) Minnesota v. Statutes at Large Stat. 573 11 7 Stat. 532 7 Stat. 533 7 Stat. 533 7 Stat. 536 7 Stat. 536 7 Stat. 536 7 Stat. 536 7 Stat. 536 7 Stat. 536 7 Stat. 536 7 Stat. 538 7 Stat. 538 7 Stat. 538 7 Stat. 538 7 Stat. 538 7 Stat. 538 7 Stat. 538 Kappler page Kappler number 486 488 489 489 491 491 491 491 491 491 491 493 493 493 493 493 493 493 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 17 January 1837 February 1837 11 26 May 1837 26 May 1837 29 July 1837 29 July 1837 29 July 1837 29 July 1837 29 July 1837 29 July 1837 29 July 1837 29 September 1837 29 September 1837 29 September 1837 29 September 1837 29 September 1837 29 September 1837 29 September 1837 Signatory tribe(s) Potawatomi Kiowa; Kataka; Tawakoni Chippewa Sioux: Mdewakanton Ratified treaty number 220 221 222 222 223 223 223 223 223 223 223 224 224 224 224 224 224 224 American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims 357 Citation 62 Fed. Cl. 521 175 Ct. Cl. 564 40 Ct. Cl. 448 165 Ct. Cl. 487 150 Ct. Cl. 725 66 Ct. Cl. 64 150 Ct. Cl. 725 Ct. Cl. 16 113 Ct. Cl. 71 114 126 Ct. Cl. 596 134 Ct. Cl. 478 161 Ct. Cl. 258 230 Ct. Cl. 761 80 Ct. Cl. 410 45 Ct. Cl. 287 152 Ct. Cl. 747 ) Case title United States (2004 v. Wolfchild or Band of Indians v. Tribe Sioux Yankton United States (1966) United States (1905) Indians v. York New United States of Indians v. Tribe Oneida (1964) United States of Oklahoma v. Tribe Miami (1960) United States of Indians v. Tribe Osage (1928) United States of Oklahoma v. Tribe Miami (1960) United States (1949) Mole Lake Band v. United States (1949) Mole Lake Band v. United States (1953) Mole Lake Band v. United States (1956) Mole Lake Band v. United States v. Tribe Minnesota Chippewa (1963) (1982) Tribe Minnesota Chippewa United States (1935) Chippewa Indians v. Sac and Sac and Fox Indians of Iowa v. Fox Indians of Oklahoma (1910) United States (1961) Creek Nation v. Statutes at Large 7 Stat. 538 7 Stat. 542 7 Stat. 550 7 Stat. 566 7 Stat. 569 7 Stat. 576 7 Stat. 582 7 Stat. 591 7 Stat. 591 7 Stat. 591 7 Stat. 591 7 Stat. 591 7 Stat. 591 7 Stat. 591 7 Stat. 596 9 Stat. 821 Kappler page Kappler number 493 496 502 517 519 525 531 542 542 542 542 542 542 542 546 550 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 29 September 1837 21 October 1837 15 January 1838 3 February 1838 6 November 1838 January 1839 11 28 November 1840 4 October 1842 4 October 1842 4 October 1842 4 October 1842 4 October 1842 4 October 1842 4 October 1842 October 1842 11 4 January 1845 Signatory tribe(s) Yankton Sioux: York New Indians Oneida: First Christian and Orchard Miami Osage: Grand and Little Miami Chippewa: Mississippi and Lake Superior Sac and Fox Creek; Seminole Ratified treaty number 224 226 230 232 234 236 239 242 242 242 242 242 242 242 243 244 358 C. Bernholz & R. Weiner in Government Information Quarterly (2008) Citation 80 Ct. Cl. 264 33 Ct. Cl. 99 34 Ct. Cl. 17 89 Ct. Cl. 378 180 Ct. Cl. 487 1979 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 761 222 Ct. Cl. 306 143 Ct. Cl. 131 4 Cl. Ct. 445 C.C.Rpt. 46 Case title United of Indians v. Tribe Kansas or Kaw States (1934) United States (1897) McKee v. United Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations v. States (1899) v. Affiliated Bands of Indians and Wichita United States (1939) United States (1967) v. Tribe Apache Lipan United States of Oklahoma v. Tribe Caddo (1979) United States of Oklahoma v. Tribe Caddo (1980) Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians v. United States (1958) United Hannahville Indian Community v. States (1983) J. K. Rogers (1857) Statutes at Large 9 Stat. 842 9 Stat. 844 9 Stat. 844 9 Stat. 844 9 Stat. 844 9 Stat. 844 9 Stat. 844 9 Stat. 853 9 Stat. 853 9 Stat. 871 Kappler page Kappler number 552 554 554 554 554 554 554 557 557 561 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 14 January 1846 15 May 1846 15 May 1846 15 May 1846 15 May 1846 15 May 1846 15 May 1846 5 June 1846 5 June 1846 August 1846 6 Signatory tribe(s) Kansa Comanche; Hainai; Anadarko; Caddo; Apache: Lipan; Tonkawa; Kichai; Tawakoni; Wichita; Waco Potawatomi; Chippewa; Ottawa Cherokee: Western Ratified treaty number 245 246 246 246 246 246 246 247 247 248 American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims 359 Citation 20 Ct. Cl. 449 27 Ct. Cl. 1 42 Ct. Cl. 385 82 Ct. Cl. 180 82 Ct. Cl. 456 82 Ct. Cl. 566 88 Ct. Cl. 452 102 Ct. Cl. 720 Ct. Cl. 665 116 122 Ct. Cl. 380 124 Ct. Cl. 315 192 Ct. Cl. 698 80 Ct. Cl. 410 126 Ct. Cl. 596 134 Ct. Cl. 478 Case title United States Eastern Band of Cherokees v. (1885) United States Cherokee Indians v. Western (1891) United States (1907) v. Ayres United Eastern or Emigrant Cherokees v. States (1935) United States (1936) Cherokee Nation v. United or Old Settler Cherokees v. Western States (1936) United Eastern or Emigrant Cherokees v. States (1939) United States (1945) Cherokee Nation v. Cherokee Indians ex rel. Owen v. Western United States (1950) McGhee ex rel. Creek Nation East of Creek Nation and United Mississippi v. States (1952) Western Cherokee Nation of Indians ex rel. United (Old Settler) Cherokee Indians v. States (1953) Pillager Bands of Chippewa Indians v. United States (1970) United States (1935) Chippewa Indians v. United States (1953) Mole Lake Band v. United States (1956) Mole Lake Band v. Statutes at Large 9 Stat. 871 9 Stat. 871 9 Stat. 871 9 Stat. 871 9 Stat. 871 9 Stat. 871 9 Stat. 871 9 Stat. 871 9 Stat. 871 9 Stat. 871 9 Stat. 871 9 Stat. 878 9 Stat. 904 9 Stat. 904 9 Stat. 904 Kappler page Kappler number 561 561 561 561 561 561 561 561 561 561 561 565 567 567 567 Treaty signing date signing Treaty August 1846 6 August 1846 6 August 1846 6 August 1846 6 August 1846 6 August 1846 6 August 1846 6 August 1846 6 August 1846 6 August 1846 6 August 1846 6 13 October 1846 August 1847 2 August 1847 2 August 1847 2 Signatory tribe(s) Winnebago Chippewa: Mississippi and Lake Superior Ratified treaty number 248 248 248 248 248 248 248 248 248 248 248 249 250 250 250 360 C. Bernholz & R. Weiner in Government Information Quarterly (2008) Citation 161 Ct. Cl. 258 17 Cl. Ct. 362 192 Ct. Cl. 698 230 Ct. Cl. 761 80 Ct. Cl. 410 134 Ct. Cl. 478 161 Ct. Cl. 258 192 Ct. Cl. 698 Cl. Ct. 221 11 124 Ct. Cl. 324 C.C.Rpt. 166 95 Ct. Cl. 232 134 Ct. Cl. 478 179 Ct. Cl. 496 192 Ct. Cl. 698 1978 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 793 ) Case title United States v. Tribe Minnesota Chippewa (1963) United States (1989) Red Lake Band v. Pillager Bands of Chippewa Indians v. United States (1970) (1982) Tribe Minnesota Chippewa United States (1935) Chippewa Indians v. United States (1956) Mole Lake Band v. United States v. Tribe Minnesota Chippewa (1963) Pillager Bands of Chippewa Indians v. United States (1970) United States v. Tribe Minnesota Chippewa (1986) United States v. Tribe Pawnee Indian (1953) Joshua J. Guppey (1858 United of Indians v. Tribe Menominee States (1941) United States (1956) Mole Lake Band v. United of Indians v. Tribe Menominee States (1967) Pillager Bands of Chippewa Indians v. United States (1970) of Indians (1978) Tribe Menominee Statutes at Large 9 Stat. 904 9 Stat. 904 9 Stat. 904 9 Stat. 904 9 Stat. 908 9 Stat. 908 9 Stat. 908 9 Stat. 908 9 Stat. 908 9 Stat. 949 9 Stat. 952 9 Stat. 952 9 Stat. 952 9 Stat. 952 9 Stat. 952 9 Stat. 952 Kappler page Kappler number 567 567 567 567 569 569 569 569 569 571 572 572 572 572 572 572 Treaty signing date signing Treaty August 1847 2 August 1847 2 August 1847 2 August 1847 2 August 1847 21 August 1847 21 August 1847 21 August 1847 21 August 1847 21 August 1848 6 18 October 1848 18 October 1848 18 October 1848 18 October 1848 18 October 1848 18 October 1848 Signatory tribe(s) Chippewa: Pillager Pawnee: Grand, Loups, Republican, and Tappage Menominee Ratified treaty number 250 250 250 250 251 251 251 251 251 252 253 253 253 253 253 253 American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims 361 Citation 1981 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 1313 39 Fed. Cl. 441 95 Ct. Cl. 232 101 Ct. Cl. 22 Ct. Cl. 442 117 165 Ct. Cl. 487 179 Ct. Cl. 496 192 Ct. Cl. 698 1978 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 793 221 Ct. Cl. 506 1979 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 799 1980 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 1020 1980 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 1152 1981 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 1313 1981 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 1438 Case title of Indians (1981) Tribe Menominee United States v. Tribe Menominee Indian (1997) United of Indians v. Tribe Menominee States (1941) United of Indians v. Tribe Menominee States (1944) United of Indians v. Tribe Menominee States (1950) United States of Indians v. Tribe Oneida (1964) United of Indians v. Tribe Menominee States (1967) Pillager Bands of Chippewa Indians v. United States (1970) of Indians (1978) Tribe Menominee United of Indians v. Tribe Menominee States (1979) of Indians (1979) Tribe Menominee United of Indians v. Tribe Menominee States (1980) United of Indians v. Tribe Menominee States (1980) of Indians (1981) Tribe Menominee of Indians (1981) Tribe Menominee Statutes at Large 9 Stat. 952 9 Stat. 952 10 Stat. 1064 10 Stat. 1064 10 Stat. 1064 10 Stat. 1064 10 Stat. 1064 10 Stat. 1064 10 Stat. 1064 10 Stat. 1064 10 Stat. 1064 10 Stat. 1064 10 Stat. 1064 10 Stat. 1064 10 Stat. 1064 Kappler page Kappler number 572 572 626 626 626 626 626 626 626 626 626 626 626 626 626 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 18 October 1848 18 October 1848 12 May 1854 12 May 1854 12 May 1854 12 May 1854 12 May 1854 12 May 1854 12 May 1854 12 May 1854 12 May 1854 12 May 1854 12 May 1854 12 May 1854 12 May 1854 Signatory tribe(s) Menominee Ratified treaty number 253 253 253.1 253.1 253.1 253.1 253.1 253.1 253.1 253.1 253.1 253.1 253.1 253.1 253.1 362 C. Bernholz & R. Weiner in Government Information Quarterly (2008) Citation 1981 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 1468 39 Fed. Cl. 441 C.C.Rpt. 282 38 Ct. Cl. 64 1978 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 644 1978 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 805 222 Ct. Cl. 421 9 Cl. Ct. 227 46 Fed. Cl. 217 45 Ct. Cl. 440 28 Fed. Cl. 768 42 Ct. Cl. 416 53 Ct. Cl. 67 57 Ct. Cl. 357 58 Ct. Cl. 302 61 Ct. Cl. 40 134 Ct. Cl. 478 192 Ct. Cl. 698 224 Ct. Cl. 458 ) ) Case title of Indians (1981) Tribe Menominee United States v. Tribe Menominee Indian (1997) James Preston Beck (1861) United States (1903) Pino v. United States of Indians v. Tribe Navajo (1978) United States of Indians v. Tribe Navajo (1978) (1980) Tribe Sioux United States v. United States of Indians v. Tribe Navajo (1985) United States (2000) Navajo Nation v. United States (1910) Ute Indians v. United States (1993) Uintah Ute Indians v. Bands of Indians v. Wahpeton Sisseton and United States (1907 United States (1917) Sioux v. Yankton Bands of Wahpakoota Medawakanton and United States (1922 Sioux Indians v. Bands of Sioux Wahpeton Sisseton and United States (1923) Indians v. United of Indians v. Tribe Sioux Yankton States (1925) United States (1956) Mole Lake Band v. Pillager Bands of Chippewa Indians v. United States (1970) United Lower Sioux Indian Community v. States (1980) Statutes at Large 10 Stat. 1064 10 Stat. 1064 9 Stat. 974 9 Stat. 974 9 Stat. 974 9 Stat. 974 9 Stat. 974 9 Stat. 974 9 Stat. 974 9 Stat. 984 9 Stat. 984 10 Stat. 949 10 Stat. 949 10 Stat. 949 10 Stat. 949 10 Stat. 949 10 Stat. 949 10 Stat. 949 10 Stat. 949 Kappler page Kappler number 626 626 583 583 583 583 583 583 583 585 585 588 588 588 588 588 588 588 588 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 12 May 1854 12 May 1854 9 September 1849 9 September 1849 9 September 1849 9 September 1849 9 September 1849 9 September 1849 9 September 1849 30 December 1849 30 December 1849 23 July 1851 23 July 1851 23 July 1851 23 July 1851 23 July 1851 23 July 1851 23 July 1851 23 July 1851 Signatory tribe(s) Navajo Ute Sioux: Sisseton Wahpeton and Ratified treaty number 253.1 253.1 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 256 256 258 258 258 258 258 258 258 258 American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims 363 Citation 230 Ct. Cl. 1061 230 Ct. Cl. 1064 62 Fed. Cl. 521 53 Ct. Cl. 67 57 Ct. Cl. 357 58 Ct. Cl. 302 61 Ct. Cl. 40 95 Ct. Cl. 72 134 Ct. Cl. 478 224 Ct. Cl. 458 231 Ct. Cl. 1037 62 Fed. Cl. 521 19 Ct. Cl. 133 22 Ct. Cl. 222 29 Ct. Cl. 197 32 Ct. Cl. 1 180 Ct. Cl. 487 201 Ct. Cl. 630 ) ) ) ) Case title United Lower Sioux Indian Community v. States (1982) United States of Indians, etc. v. Tribe Sioux (1982) United States (2004 v. Wolfchild United States (1917) Sioux v. Yankton Bands of Wahpakoota Medawakanton and United States (1922 Sioux Indians v. Bands of Sioux Wahpeton Sisseton and United States (1923) Indians v. United of Indians v. Tribe Sioux Yankton States (1925) United States of Indians v. Tribe Sioux (1941) United States (1956) Mole Lake Band v. United Lower Sioux Indian Community v. States (1980) United Lower Sioux Indian Community v. States (1982) United States (2004 v. Wolfchild United States (1884 Chickasaw Nation v. United States (1887) Chickasaw Nation v. United States (1894) Mares v. United States (1896) v. Tully United States (1967) v. Tribe Apache Lipan United States v. Tribe Apache Ft. Sill (1973) Statutes at Large 10 Stat. 949 10 Stat. 949 10 Stat. 949 10 Stat. 954 10 Stat. 954 10 Stat. 954 10 Stat. 954 10 Stat. 954 10 Stat. 954 10 Stat. 954 10 Stat. 954 10 Stat. 954 10 Stat. 974 10 Stat. 974 10 Stat. 979 10 Stat. 979 10 Stat. 979 10 Stat. 979 Kappler page Kappler number 588 588 588 591 591 591 591 591 591 591 591 591 596 596 598 598 598 598 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 23 July 1851 23 July 1851 23 July 1851 August 1851 5 August 1851 5 August 1851 5 August 1851 5 August 1851 5 August 1851 5 August 1851 5 August 1851 5 August 1851 5 22 June 1852 22 June 1852 1 July 1852 1 July 1852 1 July 1852 1 July 1852 Signatory tribe(s) Sioux: Mdewakanton Wahpekute and Chickasaw Apache Ratified treaty number 258 258 259 259 259 259 259 259 259 259 259 259 260 260 261 261 261 261 364 C. Bernholz & R. Weiner in Government Information Quarterly (2008) Citation 209 Ct. Cl. 433 C.C.Rpt. 290 29 Ct. Cl. 176 103 Ct. Cl. 494 105 Ct. Cl. 495 Ct. Cl. 454 116 103 Ct. Cl. 494 105 Ct. Cl. 495 Ct. Cl. 454 116 124 Ct. Cl. 324 131 Ct. Cl. 593 131 Ct. Cl. 593 53 Ct. Cl. 549 79 Ct. Cl. 530 124 Ct. Cl. 324 ) Case title Tribe Apache Ft. Sill United States v. (1976) James L. Johnson (1862 United States (1894) Ross v. United States v. Tillamooks Alcea Band of (1945) United of Indians v. Tribe Rogue River States (1946) United of Indians v. Tribe Rogue River States (1950) United States v. Tillamooks Alcea Band of (1945) United of Indians v. Tribe Rogue River States (1946) United of Indians v. Tribe Rogue River States (1950) United States v. Tribe Pawnee Indian (1953) United States v. Tribe Otoe and Missouria (1955) United States v. Tribe Otoe and Missouria (1955) United States of Indians v. Tribe Omaha (1918) of Indians Tribes Duwamish, Lummi, etc. United States (1934) v. United States v. Tribe Pawnee Indian (1953) Statutes at Large 10 Stat. 979 10 Stat. 1013 10 Stat. 1018 10 Stat. 1018 10 Stat. 1018 10 Stat. 1018 10 Stat. 1027 10 Stat. 1027 10 Stat. 1027 10 Stat. 1038 10 Stat. 1038 10 Stat. 1130; Stat. 605 11 10 Stat. 1043 10 Stat. 1043 10 Stat. 1043 Kappler page Kappler number 598 600 603 603 603 603 606 606 606 608 608 660 611 611 611 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 1 July 1852 27 July 1853 10 September 1853 10 September 1853 10 September 1853 10 September 1853 19 September 1853 19 September 1853 19 September 1853 15 March 1854 15 March 1854 9 December 1854 16 March 1854 16 March 1854 16 March 1854 Signatory tribe(s) Comanche; Kiowa; Apache: Plains Rogue River Umpqua: Cow Creek Oto and Missouri Oto and Missouri Omaha Ratified treaty number 261 262 263 263 263 263 264 264 264 265 265 265.1 266 266 266 American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims 365 Citation 193 Ct. Cl. 801 202 Ct. Cl. 625 72 Ct. Cl. 483 74 Ct. Cl. 368 130 Ct. Cl. 782 177 Ct. Cl. 762 192 Ct. Cl. 385 28 Ct. Cl. 447 37 Ct. Cl. 233 165 Ct. Cl. 510 200 Ct. Cl. 194 201 Ct. Cl. 386 95 Ct. Cl. 232 101 Ct. Cl. 22 Ct. Cl. 442 117 165 Ct. Cl. 487 Case title Tribes Confederated Salish and Kootenai United States of Flathead Reservation v. (1971) United States Assoc. v. Allottee Quinault (1973) United States of Indians v. Tribe Delaware (1931) United States of Indians v. Tribe Delaware (1932) United States of Indians v. Tribe Delaware (1955) United States of Indians v. Tribe Peoria (1966) of Indians Tribe Delaware United States v. (1970) United States (1893) Blackfeather v. United States (1902) Blackfeather v. United States v. Tribe Absentee Shawnee (1964) Tribe Absentee Shawnee United States v. (1972) Creek Nation (1973) United States v. United of Indians v. Tribe Menominee States (1941) United of Indians v. Tribe Menominee States (1944) United of Indians v. Tribe Menominee States (1950) United States of Indians v. Tribe Oneida (1964) Statutes at Large 10 Stat. 1043 10 Stat. 1043 10 Stat. 1048 10 Stat. 1048 10 Stat. 1048 10 Stat. 1048 10 Stat. 1048 10 Stat. 1053 10 Stat. 1053 10 Stat. 1053 10 Stat. 1053 10 Stat. 1053 10 Stat. 1064 10 Stat. 1064 10 Stat. 1064 10 Stat. 1064 Kappler page Kappler number 611 611 614 614 614 614 614 618 618 618 618 618 626 626 626 626 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 16 March 1854 16 March 1854 6 May 1854 6 May 1854 6 May 1854 6 May 1854 6 May 1854 10 May 1854 10 May 1854 10 May 1854 10 May 1854 10 May 1854 12 May 1854 12 May 1854 12 May 1854 12 May 1854 Signatory tribe(s) Delaware Shawnee Menominee Ratified treaty number 266 266 267 267 267 267 267 268 268 268 268 268 269 269 269 269 366 C. Bernholz & R. Weiner in Government Information Quarterly (2008) Citation 179 Ct. Cl. 496 192 Ct. Cl. 698 1978 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 793 221 Ct. Cl. 506 1979 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 799 1980 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 1020 1980 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 1152 1981 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 1313 1981 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 1438 1981 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 1468 39 Fed. Cl. 441 68 Ct. Cl. 585 178 Ct. Cl. 527 150 Ct. Cl. 725 Case title United of Indians v. Tribe Menominee States (1967) Pillager Bands of Chippewa Indians v. United States (1970) of Indians (1978) Tribe Menominee United of Indians v. Tribe Menominee States (1979) of Indians (1979) Tribe Menominee United of Indians v. Tribe Menominee States (1980) United of Indians v. Tribe Menominee States (1980) of Indians (1981) Tribe Menominee of Indians (1981) Tribe Menominee of Indians (1981) Tribe Menominee United States v. Tribe Menominee Indian (1997) United States of Indians v. Tribe Iowa (1929) United States of Kansas v. Tribe Kickapoo (1967) United States of Oklahoma v. Tribe Miami (1960) Statutes at Large 10 Stat. 1064 10 Stat. 1064 10 Stat. 1064 10 Stat. 1064 10 Stat. 1064 10 Stat. 1064 10 Stat. 1064 10 Stat. 1064 10 Stat. 1064 10 Stat. 1064 10 Stat. 1064 10 Stat. 1069 10 Stat. 1078 10 Stat. 1082 Kappler page Kappler number 626 626 626 626 626 626 626 626 626 626 626 628 634 636 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 12 May 1854 12 May 1854 12 May 1854 12 May 1854 12 May 1854 12 May 1854 12 May 1854 12 May 1854 12 May 1854 12 May 1854 12 May 1854 17 May 1854 18 May 1854 30 May 1854 Signatory tribe(s) Iowa Kickapoo Kaskaskia; Peoria; Piankashaw; Wea Ratified treaty number 269 269 269 269 269 269 269 269 269 269 269 270 272 273 American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims 367 Citation 169 Ct. Cl. 1009 177 Ct. Cl. 762 194 Ct. Cl. 490 146 Ct. Cl. 421 150 Ct. Cl. 725 34 Ct. Cl. 426 47 Ct. Cl. 415 80 Ct. Cl. 410 Cl. Ct. 221 11 Ct. Cl. 16 113 Ct. Cl. 71 114 126 Ct. Cl. 596 134 Ct. Cl. 478 161 Ct. Cl. 258 230 Ct. Cl. 761 81 Ct. Cl. 1 83 Ct. Cl. 140 Case title United States of Indians v. Tribe Peoria (1965) United States of Indians v. Tribe Peoria (1966) of Indians Tribe Nez Perce United States v. (1971) United States of Oklahoma v. Tribe Miami (1959) United States of Oklahoma v. Tribe Miami (1960) Fond du Lac Band of Chippewa Indians v. United States (1899) United Mille Lac Band of Chippewas v. States (1912) United States (1935) Chippewa Indians v. United States v. Tribe Minnesota Chippewa (1986) United States (1949) Mole Lake Band v. United States (1949) Mole Lake Band v. United States (1953) Mole Lake Band v. United States (1956) Mole Lake Band v. United States v. Tribe Minnesota Chippewa (1963) (1982) Tribe Minnesota Chippewa United States (1935) Choctaw Nation v. United States (1936) Choctaw Nation v. Statutes at Large 10 Stat. 1082 10 Stat. 1082 10 Stat. 1082 10 Stat. 1093 10 Stat. 1093 10 Stat. 1109 10 Stat. 1109 10 Stat. 1109 10 Stat. 1109 10 Stat. 1109 10 Stat. 1109 10 Stat. 1109 10 Stat. 1109 10 Stat. 1109 10 Stat. 1109 10 Stat. 1116 10 Stat. 1116 Kappler page Kappler number 636 636 636 641 641 648 648 648 648 648 648 648 648 648 648 652 652 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 30 May 1854 30 May 1854 30 May 1854 5 June 1854 5 June 1854 30 September 1854 30 September 1854 30 September 1854 30 September 1854 30 September 1854 30 September 1854 30 September 1854 30 September 1854 30 September 1854 30 September 1854 4 November 1854 4 November 1854 Signatory tribe(s) Miami Chippewa: Mississippi and Lake Superior Choctaw; Chickasaw Ratified treaty number 273 273 273 274 274 275 275 275 275 275 275 275 275 275 275 276 276 368 C. Bernholz & R. Weiner in Government Information Quarterly (2008) Citation 105 Ct. Cl. 495 103 Ct. Cl. 494 105 Ct. Cl. 495 Ct. Cl. 454 116 103 Ct. Cl. 494 105 Ct. Cl. 495 Ct. Cl. 454 116 131 Ct. Cl. 593 79 Ct. Cl. 530 Case title United of Indians v. Tribe Rogue River States (1946) United States v. Tillamooks Alcea Band of (1945) United of Indians v. Tribe Rogue River States (1946) United of Indians v. Tribe Rogue River States (1950) United States v. Tillamooks Alcea Band of (1945) United of Indians v. Tribe Rogue River States (1946) United of Indians v. Tribe Rogue River States (1950) United States v. Tribe Otoe and Missouria (1955) of Indians Tribes Duwamish, Lummi, etc. United States (1934) v. Statutes at Large 10 Stat. 1119 10 Stat. 1122 10 Stat. 1122 10 Stat. 1122 10 Stat. 1125 10 Stat. 1125 10 Stat. 1125 10 Stat. 1130; Stat. 605 11 10 Stat. 1132 Kappler page Kappler number 654 655 655 655 657 657 657 660 661 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 15 November 1854 18 November 1854 18 November 1854 18 November 1854 29 November 1854 29 November 1854 29 November 1854 9 December 1854 26 December 1854 Signatory tribe(s) Rogue River Chasta; Scoton; Umpqua Umpqua; Kalapuya Oto and Missouri Nisqually; Puyallup; Steilacoom; Squaxin; Homamish; Stehchass; Tapeeksin; Squiaitl; Sahewamish Ratified treaty number 277 278 278 278 279 279 279 280 281 American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims 369 Citation 1979 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 796 103 Ct. Cl. 494 105 Ct. Cl. 495 Ct. Cl. 454 116 79 Ct. Cl. 530 Case title United States of Indians v. Tribe Puyallup (1979) United States v. Tillamooks Alcea Band of (1945) United of Indians v. Tribe Rogue River States (1946) United of Indians v. Tribe Rogue River States (1950) of Indians Tribes Duwamish, Lummi, etc. United States (1934) v. Statutes at Large 10 Stat. 1132 10 Stat. 1143 10 Stat. 1143 10 Stat. 1143 12 Stat. 927 Kappler page Kappler number 661 665 665 665 669 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 26 December 1854 22 January 1855 22 January 1855 22 January 1855 22 January 1855 Signatory tribe(s) Kalapuya; Molala; Tumwater; Clackamas Duwamish; Suquamish; Stkehlmish; Sammamish; Smulkamish; Skopamish; Stkamish; Snoqualmie; Skykomish; Kwehtlamamish; Staktalijamish; Stillaguamish; Snohomish; Skagit; Kikiallus; Swinomish; Ratified treaty number 281 282 282 282 283 370 C. Bernholz & R. Weiner in Government Information Quarterly (2008) Citation 162 Ct. Cl. 712 174 Ct. Cl. 1283 178 Ct. Cl. 570 181 Ct. Cl. 753 197 Ct. Cl. 775 197 Ct. Cl. 780 199 Ct. Cl. 532 79 Ct. Cl. 530 151 Ct. Cl. 701 47 Ct. Cl. 415 Case title of Indians ex rel. Louis v. Tribe Nooksack United States (1963) of Indians (1966) Tribe Muckleshoot United of Indians v. Tribe Snoqualmie States (1967) United States of Indians v. Tribe Lummi (1967) United of Indians v. Tribe Suquamish States (1972) United States of Indians v. Tribe Lummi (1972) of Indians Tribe Plamondon ex rel. Cowlitz United States (1972) v. of Indians Tribes Duwamish, Lummi, etc. United States (1934) v. (1960) Tribe Makah Indian United Mille Lac Band of Chippewas v. States (1912) Statutes at Large 12 Stat. 927 12 Stat. 927 12 Stat. 927 12 Stat. 927 12 Stat. 927 12 Stat. 927 12 Stat. 927 12 Stat. 933 12 Stat. 939 10 Stat. 1165 Kappler page Kappler number 669 669 669 669 669 669 669 674 682 685 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 22 January 1855 22 January 1855 22 January 1855 22 January 1855 22 January 1855 22 January 1855 22 January 1855 26 January 1855 31 January 1855 22 February 1855 Signatory tribe(s) Squinamish; Sauk-Suiattle; Nuwhaha; Nookachamps; Mesekwegwils; Chobaabish Clallam; Skokomish; Chemakum Makah Chippewa: Mississippi, Pillager and Lake Winnibigoshish Ratified treaty number 283 283 283 283 283 283 283 284 286 287 American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims 371 Citation 80 Ct. Cl. 410 87 Ct. Cl. 1 134 Ct. Cl. 478 161 Ct. Cl. 258 192 Ct. Cl. 698 230 Ct. Cl. 761 Cl. Ct. 221 11 100 Ct. Cl. 1 134 Ct. Cl. 478 29 Ct. Cl. 144 Case title United States (1935) Chippewa Indians v. United Chippewa Indians of Minnesota v. States (1938) United States (1956) Mole Lake Band v. United States v. Tribe Minnesota Chippewa (1963) Pillager Bands of Chippewa Indians v. United States (1970) (1982) Tribe Minnesota Chippewa United States v. Tribe Minnesota Chippewa (1986) United of Indians v. Tribe Winnebago States (1942) United States (1956) Mole Lake Band v. United States (1894) Bush v. Statutes at Large 10 Stat. 1165 10 Stat. 1165 10 Stat. 1165 10 Stat. 1165 10 Stat. 1165 10 Stat. 1165 10 Stat. 1165 10 Stat. 1172 10 Stat. 1172 12 Stat. 951 Kappler page Kappler number 685 685 685 685 685 685 685 690 690 698 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 22 February 1855 22 February 1855 22 February 1855 22 February 1855 22 February 1855 22 February 1855 22 February 1855 27 February 1855 27 February 1855 9 June 1855 Signatory tribe(s) Winnebago Yakima; Palouse; Pisquouse; Wenatchee; Klikitat; Klinquit; Kowwassayee; Liaywas; Skin; Wishram; Shyiks; Ochechotes; Kahmiltpah; Seapcat Ratified treaty number 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 288 288 290 372 C. Bernholz & R. Weiner in Government Information Quarterly (2008) Citation 155 Ct. Cl. 127 158 Ct. Cl. 672 95 Ct. Cl. 1 95 Ct. Cl. 11 176 Ct. Cl. 815 95 Ct. Cl. 1 95 Ct. Cl. 11 21 Ct. Cl. 59 44 Ct. Cl. 488 47 Ct. Cl. 59 59 Ct. Cl. 768 59 Ct. Cl. 796 75 Ct. Cl. 426 81 Ct. Cl. 1 83 Ct. Cl. 140 88 Ct. Cl. 271 89 Ct. Cl. 378 91 Ct. Cl. 320 94 Ct. Cl. 215 133 Ct. Cl. 207 Case title United States (1961) Whitefoot v. United States (1962) v. Tribe Yakima United States of Indians v. Tribe Nez Perce (1941) of Tribe Band of Nez Perce Joseph’s United States (1941) Indians v. United States of Indians v. Tribe Nez Perce (1966) United States of Indians v. Tribe Nez Perce (1941) of Tribe Band of Nez Perce Joseph’s United States (1941) Indians v. United States (1886) Choctaw Nation v. United States (1909) Campbell v. Railway Co. v. Texas Missouri, Kansas and United States (1911) Choctaw Nation (1924) Garland v. Choctaw Nation (1924) Pitchlynn v. United States (1932) Chickasaw Nation v. United States (1935) Choctaw Nation v. United States (1936) Choctaw Nation v. United Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations v. States (1939) v. Affiliated Bands of Indians and Wichita United States (1939) United States (1940) Choctaw Nation v. United States (1941) Chickasaw Nation v. United States (1955) Choctaw Nation v. Statutes at Large 12 Stat. 951 12 Stat. 951 12 Stat. 957 12 Stat. 957 12 Stat. 957 14 Stat. 647 14 Stat. 647 Stat. 611 11 Stat. 611 11 Stat. 611 11 Stat. 611 11 Stat. 611 11 Stat. 611 11 Stat. 611 11 Stat. 611 11 Stat. 611 11 Stat. 611 11 Stat. 611 11 Stat. 611 11 Stat. 611 11 Kappler page Kappler number 698 698 702 702 702 843 843 706 706 706 706 706 706 706 706 706 706 706 706 706 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 9 June 1855 9 June 1855 June 1855 11 June 1855 11 June 1855 11 9 June 1863 9 June 1863 22 June 1855 22 June 1855 22 June 1855 22 June 1855 22 June 1855 22 June 1855 22 June 1855 22 June 1855 22 June 1855 22 June 1855 22 June 1855 22 June 1855 22 June 1855 Signatory tribe(s) Nez Perce Nez Perce Choctaw; Chickasaw Ratified treaty number 290 290 291 291 291 291.1 291.1 292 292 292 292 292 292 292 292 292 292 292 292 292 American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims 373 Citation 133 Ct. Cl. 643 192 Ct. Cl. 385 95 Ct. Cl. 23 155 Ct. Cl. 127 177 Ct. Cl. 184 95 Ct. Cl. 23 155 Ct. Cl. 127 177 Ct. Cl. 184 102 Ct. Cl. 822 Ct. Cl. 220 118 202 Ct. Cl. 625 1980 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 1152 1981 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 1313 Case title United States (1956) Chitto v. of Indians Tribe Delaware United States v. (1970) United of Indians v. Tribe Springs Warm States (1941) United States (1961) Whitefoot v. Springs Warm of Tribes Confederated United States (1966) Reservation v. United of Indians v. Tribe Springs Warm States (1941) United States (1961) Whitefoot v. Springs Warm of Tribes Confederated United States (1966) Reservation v. United States of Indians v. Tribe Quinaielt (1945) United States (1951) v. Tribe Quinaielt United States Assoc. v. Allottee Quinault (1973) United of Indians v. Tribe Menominee States (1980) of Indians (1981) Tribe Menominee Statutes at Large Stat. 611 11 Stat. 611 11 12 Stat. 963 12 Stat. 963 12 Stat. 963 14 Stat 751 14 Stat 751 14 Stat 751 12 Stat. 971 12 Stat. 971 12 Stat. 971 12 Stat. 971 12 Stat. 971 Kappler page Kappler number 706 706 714 714 714 908 908 908 719 719 719 719 719 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 22 June 1855 22 June 1855 25 June 1855 25 June 1855 25 June 1855 15 November 1865 15 November 1865 15 November 1865 1 July 1855, 25 January 1856 1 July 1855, 25 January 1856 1 July 1855, 25 January 1856 1 July 1855, 25 January 1856 1 July 1855, 25 January 1856 Signatory tribe(s) Walla; Walla Wasco Walla; Walla Wasco Quinault; Quileute Ratified treaty number 292 292 293 293 293 293.1 293.1 293.1 294 294 294 294 294 374 C. Bernholz & R. Weiner in Government Information Quarterly (2008) Citation 1981 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 1438 10 Cl. Ct. 63 167 Ct. Cl. 405 173 Ct. Cl. 398 175 Ct. Cl. 451 181 Ct. Cl. 739 185 Ct. Cl. 421 193 Ct. Cl. 801 199 Ct. Cl. 599 42 Ct. Cl. 240 Case title of Indians (1981) Tribe Menominee United States (1986) Mitchell v. Tribes Confederated Salish and Kootenai United States of Flathead Reservation v. (1964) Tribes Confederated Salish and Kootenai United States of Flathead Reservation v. (1965) Tribes Confederated Salish and Kootenai United States of Flathead Reservation v. (1966) Tribes Confederated Salish and Kootenai United States of Flathead Reservation v. (1967) v. Tribes Confederated Salish and Kootenai United States (1968) Tribes Confederated Salish and Kootenai United States of Flathead Reservation v. (1971) Tribes Confederated Salish and Kootenai United States of Flathead Reservation v. (1972) Ottawa and Chippewa Indians of State United States (1907) Michigan v. Statutes at Large 12 Stat. 971 12 Stat. 971 12 Stat. 975 12 Stat. 975 12 Stat. 975 12 Stat. 975 12 Stat. 975 12 Stat. 975 12 Stat. 975 Stat. 621 11 Kappler page Kappler number 719 719 722 722 722 722 722 722 722 725 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 1 July 1855, 25 January 1856 1 July 1855, 25 January 1856 16 July 1855 16 July 1855 16 July 1855 16 July 1855 16 July 1855 16 July 1855 16 July 1855 31 July 1855 Signatory tribe(s) Flathead; Kutenai; Upper Pend d’Oreille Ottawa; Ratified treaty number 294 294 295 295 295 295 295 295 295 296 American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims 375 Citation 126 Ct. Cl. 596 126 Ct. Cl. 596 77 Ct. Cl. 347 81 Ct. Cl. 101 105 Ct. Cl. 725 127 Ct. Cl. 807 151 Ct. Cl. 281 192 Ct. Cl. 679 103 Ct. Cl. 494 105 Ct. Cl. 495 Case title United States (1953) Mole Lake Band v. United States (1953) Mole Lake Band v. United States v. Tribe Assiniboine Indian (1933) of Indians Tribes Blackfeet, etc. Nations or (1935) United States of Indians v. Tribe Sioux (1946) of Tribes Ventre Blackfeet and Gros United States (1954) Indians v. United States of Indians v. Tribe Crow (1960) of Tribes Assiniboine United States v. Indians (1970) United States v. Tillamooks Alcea Band of (1945) United of Indians v. Tribe Rogue River States (1946) Statutes at Large Stat. 621 11 Stat. 633 11 Stat. 657 11 Stat. 657 11 Stat. 657 11 Stat. 657 11 Stat. 657 11 Stat. 657 11 12 Stat. 981 12 Stat. 981 Kappler page Kappler number 725 733 736 736 736 736 736 736 740 740 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 31 July 1855 August 1855 2 17 October 1855 17 October 1855 17 October 1855 17 October 1855 17 October 1855 17 October 1855 21 December 1855 21 December 1855 Signatory tribe(s) Chippewa Chippewa: Swan Saginaw, Creek, and Black River Blackfeet: Piegan and Blood; Ventre; Gros Flathead; Upper Pend d’Oreille; Kutenai; Nez Perce Molala Ratified treaty number 296 298 299 299 299 299 299 299 300 300 376 C. Bernholz & R. Weiner in Government Information Quarterly (2008) Citation Ct. Cl. 454 116 95 Ct. Cl. 232 179 Ct. Cl. 496 1978 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 793 1981 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 1313 19 Ct. Cl. 675 63 Ct. Cl. 270 77 Ct. Cl. 226 82 Ct. Cl. 135 93 Ct. Cl. 500 102 Ct. Cl. 565 152 Ct. Cl. 747 56 Ct. Cl. 1 124 Ct. Cl. 324 97 Ct. Cl. 56 124 Ct. Cl. 324 183 Ct. Cl. 673 ) ) Case title United of Indians v. Tribe Rogue River States (1950) United of Indians v. Tribe Menominee States (1941) United of Indians v. Tribe Menominee States (1967) of Indians (1978) Tribe Menominee of Indians (1981) Tribe Menominee United States (1884 Connor v. United States (1927) Creek Nation v. United States (1933) Creek Nation v. United States (1935 Seminole Nation v. United States (1941) Seminole Nation v. United States (1944) Seminole Nation v. United States (1961) Creek Nation v. United States of Indians v. Tribe Pawnee (1920) United States v. Tribe Pawnee Indian (1953) United States (1942) Sioux v. Yankton United States v. Tribe Pawnee Indian (1953) United States of Indians v. Tribe Ponca (1968) Statutes at Large 12 Stat. 981 Stat. 679 11 Stat. 679 11 Stat. 679 11 Stat. 679 11 Stat. 699 11 Stat. 699 11 Stat. 699 11 Stat. 699 11 Stat. 699 11 Stat. 699 11 Stat. 699 11 Stat. 729 11 Stat. 729 11 12 Stat. 997 12 Stat. 997 12 Stat. 997 Kappler page Kappler number 740 755 755 755 755 756 756 756 756 756 756 756 764 764 772 772 772 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 21 December 1855 February 1856 11 February 1856 11 February 1856 11 February 1856 11 August 1856 7 August 1856 7 August 1856 7 August 1856 7 August 1856 7 August 1856 7 August 1856 7 24 September 1857 24 September 1857 12 March 1858 12 March 1858 12 March 1858 Signatory tribe(s) Menominee Creek; Seminole Pawnee: Grand, Loups, Republican, and Tappage Ponca Ratified treaty number 300 302 302 302 302 303 303 303 303 303 303 303 304 304 306 306 306 American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims 377 Citation 53 Ct. Cl. 549 7 Cl. Ct. 481 183 Ct. Cl. 673 53 Ct. Cl. 67 61 Ct. Cl. 40 97 Ct. Cl. 56 1979 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 1003 205 Ct. Cl. 148 224 Ct. Cl. 62 7 Cl. Ct. 481 57 Ct. Cl. 357 58 Ct. Cl. 302 95 Ct. Cl. 592 231 Ct. Cl. 1037 58 Ct. Cl. 302 95 Ct. Cl. 592 ) Case title United States of Indians v. Tribe Omaha (1918) United States of Indians v. Tribe Sioux (1985) United States of Indians v. Tribe Ponca (1968) United States (1917) Sioux v. Yankton United of Indians v. Tribe Sioux Yankton States (1925) United States (1942) Sioux v. Yankton United States v. Tribe Sioux Yankton (1979) United States (1974) v. Tribe Sioux United States v. Tribe Sioux Yankton (1980) United States of Indians v. Tribe Sioux (1985) Bands of Wahpakoota Medawakanton and United States (1922 Sioux Indians v. Bands of Sioux Wahpeton Sisseton and United States (1923) Indians v. United States of Indians v. Tribe Sioux (1942) United Lower Sioux Indian Community v. States (1982) Bands of Sioux Wahpeton Sisseton and United States (1923) Indians v. United States of Indians v. Tribe Sioux (1942) Statutes at Large 12 Stat. 997 12 Stat. 997 14 Stat. 675 Stat. 743 11 Stat. 743 11 Stat. 743 11 Stat. 743 11 Stat. 743 11 Stat. 743 11 Stat. 743 11 12 Stat. 1031 12 Stat. 1031 12 Stat. 1031 12 Stat. 1031 12 Stat. 1042 12 Stat. 1042 Kappler page Kappler number 772 772 875 776 776 776 776 776 776 776 781 781 781 781 789 789 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 12 March 1858 12 March 1858 10 March 1865 April 1858 19 April 1858 19 April 1858 19 April 1858 19 April 1858 19 April 1858 19 April 1858 19 19 June 1858 19 June 1858 19 June 1858 19 June 1858 27 June 1860 27 June 1860 Signatory tribe(s) Ponca Yankton Sioux: Sioux: Mdewakanton Wahpekute and Sioux: Mdewakanton Wahpekute and Ratified treaty number 306 306 306.1 307 307 307 307 307 307 307 308 308 308 308 308.1 308.1 378 C. Bernholz & R. Weiner in Government Information Quarterly (2008) Citation 57 Ct. Cl. 357 58 Ct. Cl. 302 95 Ct. Cl. 592 100 Ct. Cl. 1 45 Ct. Cl. 287 80 Ct. Cl. 264 74 Ct. Cl. 368 130 Ct. Cl. 782 32 Ct. Cl. 593 74 Ct. Cl. 368 143 Ct. Cl. 131 80 Ct. Cl. 264 166 Ct. Cl. 373 178 Ct. Cl. 527 ) Case title Bands of Wahpakoota Medawakanton and United States (1922 Sioux Indians v. Bands of Sioux Wahpeton Sisseton and United States (1923) Indians v. United States of Indians v. Tribe Sioux (1942) United of Indians v. Tribe Winnebago States (1942) Sac and Sac and Fox Indians of Iowa v. Fox Indians of Oklahoma (1910) United of Indians v. Tribe Kansas or Kaw States (1934) United States of Indians v. Tribe Delaware (1932) United States of Indians v. Tribe Delaware (1955) Unoted States (1897) Moore v. United States of Indians v. Tribe Delaware (1932) Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians v. United States (1958) United of Indians v. Tribe Kansas or Kaw States (1934) United States (1964) v. Tribe Ottawa United States of Kansas v. Tribe Kickapoo (1967) Statutes at Large 12 Stat. 1037 12 Stat. 1042 12 Stat. 1042 12 Stat. 1101 15 Stat. 467 12 Stat. 1111 12 Stat. 1129 12 Stat. 1129 12 Stat. 1163 12 Stat. 1177 12 Stat. 1191 12 Stat. 1221 12 Stat. 1237 13 Stat. 623 Kappler page Kappler number 785 789 789 790 796 800 803 803 807 814 824 829 830 835 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 19 June 1858 27 June 1860 27 June 1860 April 1859 15 1 October 1859 5 October 1859 30 May 1860 30 May 1860 18 February 1861 2 July 1861 15 November 1861 13 March 1862 24 June 1862 28 June 1862 Signatory tribe(s) Sioux: Sisseton Wahpeton and Sioux: Sisseton Wahpeton and Winnebago Sac and Fox Kansa Delaware Arapaho; Cheyenne Delaware Potawatomi Kansa Ottawa: Fork Blanchard’s and Roche de Boeuf Kickapoo Ratified treaty number 309 309.1 309.1 310 312 313 314 314 315 317 318 319 320 321 American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims 379 Citation 47 Ct. Cl. 415 80 Ct. Cl. 410 230 Ct. Cl. 761 Cl. Ct. 221 11 95 Ct. Cl. 1 95 Ct. Cl. 11 82 Ct. Cl. 23 85 Ct. Cl. 331 95 Ct. Cl. 642 95 Ct. Cl. 642 100 Ct. Cl. 455 151 Ct. Cl. 281 95 Ct. Cl. 642 207 Ct. Cl. 369 209 Ct. Cl. 43 ) Case title United Mille Lac Band of Chippewas v. States (1912) United States (1935) Chippewa Indians v. (1982) Tribe Minnesota Chippewa United States v. Tribe Minnesota Chippewa (1986) United States of Indians v. Tribe Nez Perce (1941) of Tribe Band of Nez Perce Joseph’s United States (1941) Indians v. River Wind of Indians Tribe Shoshone United States (1935 Reservation v. River Wind of Indians Tribe Shoshone United States (1937) Reservation v. Northwestern Bands of Shoshone Indians United States (1942) v. Northwestern Bands of Shoshone Indians United States (1942) v. Northwestern Bands of Shoshone Indians United States (1944) v. United States of Indians v. Tribe Crow (1960) Northwestern Bands of Shoshone Indians United States (1942) v. Tribe Apache Mescalero United States v. (1975) Shoshone Legal Defense and Western United States (1976) Assoc. v. Education Statutes at Large 12 Stat. 1249 12 Stat. 1249 12 Stat. 1249 12 Stat. 1249 14 Stat. 647 14 Stat. 647 18 Stat. 685 18 Stat. 685 18 Stat. 685 13 Stat. 663 13 Stat. 663 13 Stat. 663 18 Stat. 689 18 Stat. 689 18 Stat. 689 Kappler page Kappler number 839 839 839 839 843 843 848 848 848 850 850 850 851 851 851 Treaty signing date signing Treaty March 1863 11 March 1863 11 March 1863 11 March 1863 11 9 June 1863 9 June 1863 2 July 1863 2 July 1863 2 July 1863 30 July 1863 30 July 1863 30 July 1863 1 October 1863 1 October 1863 1 October 1863 Signatory tribe(s) Chippewa: Mississippi, Pillager and Lake Winnibigoshish Nez Perce Shoshone: Eastern Shoshone: Northwestern Shoshone: Western Ratified treaty number 322 322 322 322 323 323 324 324 324 325 325 325 326 326 326 380 C. Bernholz & R. Weiner in Government Information Quarterly (2008) Citation 219 Ct. Cl. 346 18 Cl. Ct. 74 18 Cl. Ct. 82 58 Ct. Cl. 302 80 Ct. Cl. 410 87 Ct. Cl. 1 134 Ct. Cl. 478 164 Ct. Cl. 389 173 Ct. Cl. 928 229 Ct. Cl. 816 80 Ct. Cl. 410 164 Ct. Cl. 389 229 Ct. Cl. 816 38 Ct. Cl. 455 45 Ct. Cl. 440 95 Ct. Cl. 642 Case title Shoshone Indians Western Band of Temoak United States (1979) v. Shoshone Western Bands of Te-Moak United States (1989) Indians v. Shoshone Western Bands of Te-Moak United States (1989) Indians v. Bands of Sioux Wahpeton Sisseton and United States (1923) Indians v. United States (1935) Chippewa Indians v. United Chippewa Indians of Minnesota v. States (1938) United States (1956) Mole Lake Band v. White Earth Red Lake, Pembina, and United States (1964) Bands v. Turtle Red Lake and Pembina Bands v. Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians (1965) United States (1982) Red Lake Band v. United States (1935) Chippewa Indians v. White Earth Red Lake, Pembina, and United States (1964) Bands v. United States (1982) Red Lake Band v. United States (1903) Hayt v. United States (1910) Ute Indians v. Northwestern Bands of Shoshone Indians United States (1942) v. Statutes at Large 18 Stat. 689 18 Stat. 689 18 Stat. 689 13 Stat. 667 13 Stat. 667 13 Stat. 667 13 Stat. 667 13 Stat. 667 13 Stat. 667 13 Stat. 667 13 Stat. 689 13 Stat. 689 13 Stat. 689 13 Stat. 673 13 Stat. 673 13 Stat. 681 Kappler page Kappler number 851 851 851 853 853 853 853 853 853 853 861 861 861 856 856 859 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 1 October 1863 1 October 1863 1 October 1863 2 October 1863 2 October 1863 2 October 1863 2 October 1863 2 October 1863 2 October 1863 2 October 1863 April 1864 12 April 1864 12 April 1864 12 7 October 1863 7 October 1863 12 October 1863 Signatory tribe(s) Chippewa: Red Lake and Pembina Chippewa: Red Lake and Pembina Tabeguache Ute: Shoshone: Gosiute Ratified treaty number 326 326 326 327 327 327 327 327 327 327 327.1 327.1 327.1 328 328 329 American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims 381 Citation 206 Ct. Cl. 401 219 Ct. Cl. 346 28 Fed. Cl. 768 80 Ct. Cl. 410 164 Ct. Cl. 389 229 Ct. Cl. 816 47 Ct. Cl. 415 80 Ct. Cl. 410 230 Ct. Cl. 761 Cl. Ct. 221 11 47 Ct. Cl. 415 81 Ct. Cl. 79 85 Ct. Cl. 451 Case title or Tribe Goshute United States v. Identifiable Group, etc. (1975) Shoshone Indians Western Band of Temoak United States (1979) v. United States (1993) Uintah Ute Indians v. United States (1935) Chippewa Indians v. White Earth Red Lake, Pembina, and United States (1964) Bands v. United States (1982) Red Lake Band v. United Mille Lac Band of Chippewas v. States (1912) United States (1935) Chippewa Indians v. (1982) Tribe Minnesota Chippewa United States v. Tribe Minnesota Chippewa (1986) United Mille Lac Band of Chippewas v. States (1912) United v. Tribes Klamath and Moadoc States (1935) and Tribes Klamath and Moadoc United v. Indians Snake of Band Yahooskin States (1937) Statutes at Large 13 Stat. 681 13 Stat. 681 13 Stat. 681 13 Stat. 689 13 Stat. 689 13 Stat. 689 13 Stat. 693 13 Stat. 693 13 Stat. 693 13 Stat. 693 16 Stat. 707 16 Stat. 707 16 Stat. 707 Kappler page Kappler number 859 859 859 861 861 861 862 862 862 862 865 865 865 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 12 October 1863 12 October 1863 12 October 1863 April 1864 12 April 1864 12 April 1864 12 7 May 1864 7 May 1864 7 May 1864 7 May 1864 14 October 1864 14 October 1864 14 October 1864 Signatory tribe(s) Chippewa: Red Lake and Pembina Chippewa: Mississippi, Pillager, and Lake Winnibigoshish Klamath; Modoc; Paiute: Yahooskin Ratified treaty number 329 329 329 330 330 330 331 331 331 331 332 332 332 382 C. Bernholz & R. Weiner in Government Information Quarterly (2008) Citation 86 Ct. Cl. 614 125 Ct. Cl. 241 165 Ct. Cl. 487 179 Ct. Cl. 496 192 Ct. Cl. 698 193 Ct. Cl. 670 100 Ct. Cl. 1 100 Ct. Cl. 1 183 Ct. Cl. 673 125 Ct. Cl. 241 39 Ct. Cl. 321 66 Ct. Cl. 64 Ct. Cl. 592 119 128 Ct. Cl. 45 57 Fed. Cl. 392 Case title and Tribes Klamath and Moadoc United v. Indians Snake of Band Yahooskin States (1938) United States Snake or Piute Indians v. (1953) United States of Indians v. Tribe Oneida (1964) United of Indians v. Tribe Menominee States (1967) Pillager Bands of Chippewa Indians v. United States (1970) Yahooskin and Tribes Klamath and Modoc United States (1971) Band of Indians v. United of Indians v. Tribe Winnebago States (1942) United of Indians v. Tribe Winnebago States (1942) United States of Indians v. Tribe Ponca (1968) United States Snake or Piute Indians v. (1953) United States (1904) Stewart v. United States of Indians v. Tribe Osage (1928) United States Osage Nation of Indians v. (1951) United States of Indians v. Tribe Quapaw (1954) United States (2003) Osage Nation v. Statutes at Large 16 Stat. 707 16 Stat. 707 16 Stat. 707 16 Stat. 707 16 Stat. 707 16 Stat. 707 14 Stat. 667 14 Stat. 671 14 Stat. 675 14 Stat. 683 14 Stat. 687 14 Stat. 687 14 Stat. 687 14 Stat. 687 14 Stat. 687 Kappler page Kappler number 865 865 865 865 865 865 872 874 875 876 878 878 878 878 878 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 14 October 1864 14 October 1864 14 October 1864 14 October 1864 14 October 1864 14 October 1864 6 March 1865 8 March 1865 10 March 1865 August 1865 12 29 September 1865 29 September 1865 29 September 1865 29 September 1865 29 September 1865 Signatory tribe(s) Omaha Winnebago Ponca Walpapi Paiute: Osage: Grand and Little Ratified treaty number 332 332 332 332 332 332 334 335 336 337 338 338 338 338 338 American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims 383 Citation 34 Ct. Cl. 17 202 Ct. Cl. 29 35 Ct. Cl. 554 95 Ct. Cl. 23 155 Ct. Cl. 127 177 Ct. Cl. 184 78 Ct. Cl. 455 82 Ct. Cl. 135 90 Ct. Cl. 151 93 Ct. Cl. 500 93 Ct. Cl. 561 94 Ct. Cl. 240 102 Ct. Cl. 565 171 Ct. Cl. 477 203 Ct. Cl. 637 204 Ct. Cl. 655 80 Ct. Cl. 410 230 Ct. Cl. 761 34 Ct. Cl. 17 ) Case title United Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations v. States (1899) Kiowa, Comanche and United States v. of Indians (1973) Tribes Apache United States (1900) Ashbaugh v. United of Indians v. Tribe Springs Warm States (1941) United States (1961) Whitefoot v. Springs Warm of Tribes Confederated United States (1966) Reservation v. United States (1933) Seminole Nation v. United States (1935 Seminole Nation v. United States (1940) Seminole Nation v. United States (1941) Seminole Nation v. United States (1941) Creek Nation v. United States (1941) Seminole Nation v. United States (1944) Seminole Nation v. United States (1965) Seminole Nation v. United Seminole Nation of Oklahoma v. States (1974) United Seminole Nation of Oklahoma v. States (1974) United States (1935) Chippewa Indians v. (1982) Tribe Minnesota Chippewa United Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations v. States (1899) Statutes at Large 14 Stat. 717 14 Stat. 717 14 Stat. 747 14 Stat 751 14 Stat 751 14 Stat 751 14 Stat. 755 14 Stat. 755 14 Stat. 755 14 Stat. 755 14 Stat. 755 14 Stat. 755 14 Stat. 755 14 Stat. 755 14 Stat. 755 14 Stat. 755 14 Stat. 765 14 Stat. 765 14 Stat. 769 Kappler page Kappler number 892 892 906 908 908 908 910 910 910 910 910 910 910 910 910 910 916 916 918 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 18 October 1865 18 October 1865 28 October 1865 15 November 1865 15 November 1865 15 November 1865 21 March 1866 21 March 1866 21 March 1866 21 March 1866 21 March 1866 21 March 1866 21 March 1866 21 March 1866 21 March 1866 21 March 1866 April 1866 7 April 1866 7 April 1866 28 Signatory tribe(s) Comanche; Kiowa Sioux: Oglala Walla; Walla Wasco Seminole Chippewa: Bois Forte Choctaw; Ratified treaty number 343 343 350 351 351 351 352 352 352 352 352 352 352 352 352 352 354 354 355 384 C. Bernholz & R. Weiner in Government Information Quarterly (2008) Citation 34 Ct. Cl. 441 38 Ct. Cl. 558 44 Ct. Cl. 488 46 Ct. Cl. 424 47 Ct. Cl. 59 59 Ct. Cl. 768 59 Ct. Cl. 796 75 Ct. Cl. 426 75 Ct. Cl. 494 81 Ct. Cl. 1 81 Ct. Cl. 63 83 Ct. Cl. 140 88 Ct. Cl. 271 89 Ct. Cl. 378 91 Ct. Cl. 320 95 Ct. Cl. 192 103 Ct. Cl. 45 Ct. Cl. 716 114 132 Ct. Cl. 359 Case title United States (1899) Jackson v. Choctaw Nation (1903) United States v. United States (1909) Campbell v. United Mille Lac Band of Chippewas v. States (1911) Railway Co. v. Texas Missouri, Kansas and United States (1911) Choctaw Nation (1924) Garland v. Choctaw Nation (1924) Pitchlynn v. United States (1932) Chickasaw Nation v. United Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations v. States (1932) United States (1935) Choctaw Nation v. United Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations v. States (1935) United States (1936) Choctaw Nation v. United Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations v. States (1939) v. Affiliated Bands of Indians and Wichita United States (1939) United States (1940) Choctaw Nation v. United States and Chickasaw Nation v. Choctaw Nation (1941) United States and Chickasaw Nation v. Choctaw Nation (1945) Cherokee Indians ex rel. Owen v. Western United States (1949) United States (1955) Chickasaw Nation v. Statutes at Large 14 Stat. 769 14 Stat. 769 14 Stat. 769 14 Stat. 769 14 Stat. 769 14 Stat. 769 14 Stat. 769 14 Stat. 769 14 Stat. 769 14 Stat. 769 14 Stat. 769 14 Stat. 769 14 Stat. 769 14 Stat. 769 14 Stat. 769 14 Stat. 769 14 Stat. 769 14 Stat. 769 14 Stat. 769 Kappler page Kappler number 918 918 918 918 918 918 918 918 918 918 918 918 918 918 918 918 918 918 918 Treaty signing date signing Treaty April 1866 28 April 1866 28 April 1866 28 April 1866 28 April 1866 28 April 1866 28 April 1866 28 April 1866 28 April 1866 28 April 1866 28 April 1866 28 April 1866 28 April 1866 28 April 1866 28 April 1866 28 April 1866 28 April 1866 28 April 1866 28 April 1866 28 Signatory tribe(s) Chickasaw Ratified treaty number 355 355 355 355 355 355 355 355 355 355 355 355 355 355 355 355 355 355 355 American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims 385 Citation 133 Ct. Cl. 207 192 Ct. Cl. 385 19 Ct. Cl. 675 30 Ct. Cl. 272 47 Ct. Cl. 59 51 Ct. Cl. 125 77 Ct. Cl. 159 93 Ct. Cl. 1 93 Ct. Cl. 561 94 Ct. Cl. 215 97 Ct. Cl. 591 Ct. Cl. 373 118 152 Ct. Cl. 747 178 Ct. Cl. 527 191 Ct. Cl. 31 Ct. Cl. 140 44 Ct. Cl. 137 44 Ct. Cl. 453 47 Ct. Cl. 59 80 Ct. Cl. 1 80 Ct. Cl. 264 85 Ct. Cl. 76 ) Case title United States (1955) Choctaw Nation v. of Indians Tribe United States v Delaware (1970) United States (1884 Connor v. United States (1895) Garrison v. Railway Co. v. Texas Missouri, Kansas and United States (1911) United States (1916) v. Turner United States (1933) Creek Nation v. United States (1941) Creek Nation v. United States (1941) Creek Nation v. United States (1941) Chickasaw Nation v. United States (1942) Creek Nation v. Loyal Band or Group of Creek Indians ex United States (1951) rel. Bruner v. United States (1961) Creek Nation v. United States of Kansas v. Tribe Kickapoo (1967) United States (1970) Fields v. Cherokee Nation (1896) Journeycake v. United States (1909) Muskrat v. United States (1909) Whitmire v. Railway Co. v. Texas Missouri, Kansas and United States (1911) United States (1932) Cherokee Nation v. United of Indians v. Tribe Kansas or Kaw States (1934) United States (1937) Cherokee Nation v. Statutes at Large 14 Stat. 769 14 Stat. 769 14 Stat. 785 14 Stat. 785 14 Stat. 785 14 Stat. 785 14 Stat. 785 14 Stat. 785 14 Stat. 785 14 Stat. 785 14 Stat. 785 14 Stat. 785 14 Stat. 785 14 Stat. 785 14 Stat. 785 14 Stat. 799 14 Stat. 799 14 Stat. 799 14 Stat. 799 14 Stat. 799 14 Stat. 799 14 Stat. 799 Kappler page Kappler number 918 918 931 931 931 931 931 931 931 931 931 931 931 931 931 942 942 942 942 942 942 942 Treaty signing date signing Treaty April 1866 28 April 1866 28 14 June 1866 14 June 1866 14 June 1866 14 June 1866 14 June 1866 14 June 1866 14 June 1866 14 June 1866 14 June 1866 14 June 1866 14 June 1866 14 June 1866 14 June 1866 19 July 1866 19 July 1866 19 July 1866 19 July 1866 19 July 1866 19 July 1866 19 July 1866 Signatory tribe(s) Creek Cherokee Ratified treaty number 355 355 356 356 356 356 356 356 356 356 356 356 356 356 356 358 358 358 358 358 358 358 386 C. Bernholz & R. Weiner in Government Information Quarterly (2008) Citation 88 Ct. Cl. 452 102 Ct. Cl. 720 161 Ct. Cl. 787 180 Ct. Cl. 181 183 Ct. Cl. 673 195 Ct. Cl. 39 200 Ct. Cl. 583 7 Cl. Ct. 155 21 Cl. Ct. 565 45 Ct. Cl. 287 77 Ct. Cl. 159 84 Ct. Cl. 12 167 Ct. Cl. 710 42 Ct. Cl. 416 57 Ct. Cl. 357 58 Ct. Cl. 302 164 Ct. Cl. 389 207 Ct. Cl. 492 ) ) Case title United Eastern or Emigrant Cherokees v. States (1939) United States (1945) Cherokee Nation v. United States Cherokee Freedmen v. (1963) United States (1967) Cherokee Nation v. United States of Indians v. Tribe Ponca (1968) United States Cherokee Freedmen v. (1971) Cherokee Nation (1973) United States v. United States (1984) Robinson v. United Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma v. States (1990) Sac and Sac and Fox Indians of Iowa v. Fox Indians of Oklahoma (1910) United States (1933) Creek Nation v. United States (1936) Creek Nation v. United of Indians v. Tribe Sac and Fox States (1964) Bands of Indians v. Wahpeton Sisseton and United States (1907 Bands of Wahpakoota Medawakanton and United States (1922 Sioux Indians v. Bands of Sioux Wahpeton Sisseton and United States (1923) Indians v. White Earth Red Lake, Pembina, and United States (1964) Bands v. Lower Sioux Indian United States v. Community (1975) Statutes at Large 14 Stat. 799 14 Stat. 799 14 Stat. 799 14 Stat. 799 14 Stat. 799 14 Stat. 799 14 Stat. 799 14 Stat. 799 14 Stat. 799 15 Stat. 495 15 Stat. 495 15 Stat. 495 15 Stat. 495 15 Stat. 505 15 Stat. 505 15 Stat. 505 15 Stat. 505 15 Stat. 505 Kappler page Kappler number 942 942 942 942 942 942 942 942 942 951 951 951 951 956 956 956 956 956 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 19 July 1866 19 July 1866 19 July 1866 19 July 1866 19 July 1866 19 July 1866 19 July 1866 19 July 1866 19 July 1866 18 February 1867 18 February 1867 18 February 1867 18 February 1867 19 February 1867 19 February 1867 19 February 1867 19 February 1867 19 February 1867 Signatory tribe(s) Sac: Mississippi; Fox: Mississippi Sioux: Sisseton Wahpeton and Ratified treaty number 358 358 358 358 358 358 358 358 358 359 359 359 359 360 360 360 360 360 American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims 387 Citation 128 Ct. Cl. 45 166 Ct. Cl. 373 102 Ct. Cl. 565 143 Ct. Cl. 131 47 Ct. Cl. 415 80 Ct. Cl. 410 87 Ct. Cl. 1 90 Ct. Cl. 140 91 Ct. Cl. 97 Case title United States of Indians v. Tribe Quapaw (1954) United States (1964) v. Tribe Ottawa United States (1944) Seminole Nation v. Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians v. United States (1958) United Mille Lac Band of Chippewas v. States (1912) United States (1935) Chippewa Indians v. United Chippewa Indians of Minnesota v. States (1938) United Chippewa Indians of Minnesota v. States (1940) United Chippewa Indians of Minnesota v. States (1940) Statutes at Large 15 Stat. 513 15 Stat. 513 15 Stat. 531 15 Stat. 531 16 Stat. 719 16 Stat. 719 16 Stat. 719 16 Stat. 719 16 Stat. 719 Kappler page Kappler number 960 960 970 970 974 974 974 974 974 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 23 February 1867 23 February 1867 27 February 1867 27 February 1867 19 March 1867 19 March 1867 19 March 1867 19 March 1867 19 March 1867 Signatory tribe(s) Seneca; Seneca: Mixed; Shawnee; Quapaw; Peoria; Kaskaskia; Wea; Piankashaw; Miami; Ottawa: Fork Blanchard’s and Roche de Boeuf; Wyandot Potawatomi Chippewa: Mississippi Ratified treaty number 361 361 362 362 363 363 363 363 363 388 C. Bernholz & R. Weiner in Government Information Quarterly (2008) Citation Cl. Ct. 221 11 230 Ct. Cl. 761 29 Ct. Cl. 425 34 Ct. Cl. 17 143 Ct. Cl. 534 202 Ct. Cl. 29 222 Ct. Cl. 421 1981 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 1387 Cl. Ct. 62 11 143 Ct. Cl. 534 Cl. Ct. 62 11 222 Ct. Cl. 421 1981 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 1387 Cl. Ct. 62 11 45 Ct. Cl. 440 Case title United States v. Tribe Minnesota Chippewa (1986) (1982) Tribe Minnesota Chippewa United States (1894) Friend v. United Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations v. States (1899) Kiowa, etc. (1958) United States v. Kiowa, Comanche and United States v. of Indians (1973) Tribes Apache (1980) Tribe Sioux United States v. United States v. Tribe Indian Wichita (1981) United States (1986) v. Tsosie Kiowa, etc. (1958) United States v. United States (1986) v. Tsosie (1980) Tribe Sioux United States v. United States v. Tribe Indian Wichita (1981) United States (1986) v. Tsosie United States (1910) Ute Indians v. Statutes at Large 16 Stat. 719 16 Stat. 719 15 Stat. 581 15 Stat. 581 15 Stat. 581 15 Stat. 581 15 Stat. 581 15 Stat. 581 15 Stat. 581 15 Stat. 589 15 Stat. 589 15 Stat. 593 15 Stat. 593 15 Stat. 593 15 Stat. 619 Kappler page Kappler number 974 974 977 977 977 977 977 977 977 982 982 984 984 984 990 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 19 March 1867 19 March 1867 21 October 1867 21 October 1867 21 October 1867 21 October 1867 21 October 1867 21 October 1867 21 October 1867 21 October 1867 21 October 1867 28 October 1867 28 October 1867 28 October 1867 2 March 1868 Signatory tribe(s) Kiowa; Comanche Kiowa; Comanche; Apache: Plains Cheyenne; Arapaho Tabeguache, Ute: Muache, Capote, Wiminuche, Grand Yampa, and River, Uintah Ratified treaty number 363 363 364 364 364 364 364 364 364 365 365 366 366 366 367 American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims 389 Citation 100 Ct. Cl. 413 106 Ct. Cl. 33 139 Ct. Cl. 1 191 Ct. Cl. 1 Cl. Ct. 62 11 28 Fed. Cl. 768 30 Ct. Cl. 318 32 Ct. Cl. 407 32 Ct. Cl. 411 53 Ct. Cl. 549 57 Ct. Cl. 357 82 Ct. Cl. 23 84 Ct. Cl. 16 ) ) Case title Confederated Bands of Ute Indians v. United States (1943) Confederated Bands of Ute Indians v. United States (1946) White River Bands of Ute Uintah and United States (1957) Indians v. or Tribe Southern Ute United States v. Band of Indians (1970) United States (1986) v. Tsosie United States (1993) Uintah Ute Indians v. United States (1895) Graham v. United States (1897) Janis v. United States (1897) Brown v. United States of Indians v. Tribe Omaha (1918) Bands of Wahpakoota Medawakanton and United States (1922 Sioux Indians v. River Wind of Indians Tribe Shoshone United States (1935 Reservation v. United States of Indians v. Tribe Sioux (1936) Statutes at Large 15 Stat. 619 15 Stat. 619 15 Stat. 619 15 Stat. 619 15 Stat. 619 15 Stat. 619 15 Stat. 635 15 Stat. 635 15 Stat. 635 15 Stat. 635 15 Stat. 635 15 Stat. 635 15 Stat. 635 Kappler page Kappler number 990 990 990 990 990 990 998 998 998 998 998 998 998 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 2 March 1868 2 March 1868 2 March 1868 2 March 1868 2 March 1868 2 March 1868 April 1868 29 April 1868 29 April 1868 29 April 1868 29 April 1868 29 April 1868 29 April 1868 29 Signatory tribe(s) Sioux: Brule, Oglala, Miniconjou, Yanktonai, Hunkpapa, Blackfeet, Two Cuthead, Kettle, Sans Santee; and Arcs, Arapaho Ratified treaty number 367 367 367 367 367 367 369 369 369 369 369 369 369 390 C. Bernholz & R. Weiner in Government Information Quarterly (2008) Citation 85 Ct. Cl. 181 86 Ct. Cl. 299 89 Ct. Cl. 31 94 Ct. Cl. 150 95 Ct. Cl. 72 97 Ct. Cl. 56 97 Ct. Cl. 391 97 Ct. Cl. 613 105 Ct. Cl. 658 105 Ct. Cl. 725 Ct. Cl. 39 112 183 Ct. Cl. 673 205 Ct. Cl. 148 207 Ct. Cl. 234 220 Ct. Cl. 442 222 Ct. Cl. 421 227 Ct. Cl. 404 Case title United States of Indians v. Tribe Sioux (1937) United States of Indians v. Tribe Sioux (1938) United States of Indians v. Tribe Sioux (1939) United States of Indians v. Tribe Sioux (1941) United States of Indians v. Tribe Sioux (1941) United States (1942) Sioux v. Yankton United States of Indians v. Tribe Sioux (1942) United States of Indians v. Tribe Sioux (1942) United States of Indians v. Tribe Sioux (1946) United States of Indians v. Tribe Sioux (1946) United States of Indians v. Tribe Sioux (1948) United States of Indians v. Tribe Ponca (1968) United States (1974) v. Tribe Sioux Sioux Nation of Indians United States v. (1975) United States Sioux Nation of Indians v. (1979) (1980) Tribe Sioux United States v. United States of Indians v. Tribe Sioux (1981) Statutes at Large 15 Stat. 635 15 Stat. 635 15 Stat. 635 15 Stat. 635 15 Stat. 635 15 Stat. 635 15 Stat. 635 15 Stat. 635 15 Stat. 635 15 Stat. 635 15 Stat. 635 15 Stat. 635 15 Stat. 635 15 Stat. 635 15 Stat. 635 15 Stat. 635 15 Stat. 635 Kappler page Kappler number 998 998 998 998 998 998 998 998 998 998 998 998 998 998 998 998 998 Treaty signing date signing Treaty April 1868 29 April 1868 29 April 1868 29 April 1868 29 April 1868 29 April 1868 29 April 1868 29 April 1868 29 April 1868 29 April 1868 29 April 1868 29 April 1868 29 April 1868 29 April 1868 29 April 1868 29 April 1868 29 April 1868 29 Signatory tribe(s) Ratified treaty number 369 369 369 369 369 369 369 369 369 369 369 369 369 369 369 369 369 American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims 391 Citation 3 Cl. Ct. 536 6 Cl. Ct. 91 7 Cl. Ct. 468 7 Cl. Ct. 481 8 Cl. Ct. 80 Cl. Ct. 62 11 14 Cl. Ct. 94 17 Cl. Ct. 362 21 Ct. Cl. 176 81 Ct. Cl. 238 151 Ct. Cl. 281 222 Ct. Cl. 421 Cl. Ct. 62 11 32 Ct. Cl. 432 82 Ct. Cl. 23 222 Ct. Cl. 421 8 Cl. Ct. 596 ) Case title United States of Indians v. Tribe Sioux (1983) United States of Indians v. Tribe Sioux (1984) United States of Indians v. Tribe Sioux (1985) United States of Indians v. Tribe Sioux (1985) United States of Indians v. Tribe Sioux (1985) United States (1986) v. Tsosie United States of Indians v. Tribe Sioux (1987) United States (1989) Red Lake Band v. of Pine Ridge Indian Tribe Oglala Sioux United States (1990) Reservation v. United States (1935) Crow Nation v. United States of Indians v. Tribe Crow (1960) (1980) Tribe Sioux United States v. United States (1986) v. Tsosie United States (1897) Brown v. River Wind of Indians Tribe Shoshone United States (1935 Reservation v. (1980) Tribe Sioux United States v. Tribe Busby School of Northern Cheyenne United States (1985) v. Statutes at Large 15 Stat. 635 15 Stat. 635 15 Stat. 635 15 Stat. 635 15 Stat. 635 15 Stat. 635 15 Stat. 635 15 Stat. 635 15 Stat. 635 15 Stat. 649 15 Stat. 649 15 Stat. 649 15 Stat. 649 15 Stat. 655 15 Stat. 655 15 Stat. 655 15 Stat. 655 Kappler page Kappler number 998 998 998 998 998 998 998 998 998 1008 1008 1008 1008 1012 1012 1012 1012 Treaty signing date signing Treaty April 1868 29 April 1868 29 April 1868 29 April 1868 29 April 1868 29 April 1868 29 April 1868 29 April 1868 29 April 1868 29 7 May 1868 7 May 1868 7 May 1868 7 May 1868 10 May 1868 10 May 1868 10 May 1868 10 May 1868 Signatory tribe(s) Crow Cheyenne: Northern; Arapaho: Northern Ratified treaty number 369 369 369 369 369 369 369 369 369 370 370 370 370 371 371 371 371 392 C. Bernholz & R. Weiner in Government Information Quarterly (2008) Citation Cl. Ct. 62 11 Cl. Ct. 62 11 1978 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 644 1978 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 674 1978 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 676 1978 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 698 1978 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 728 1978 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 787 1978 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 805 219 Ct. Cl. 599 220 Ct. Cl. 117 220 Ct. Cl. 172 222 Ct. Cl. 421 224 Ct. Cl. 171 224 Ct. Cl. 712 231 Ct. Cl. 1057 6 Cl. Ct. 91 9 Cl. Ct. 227 Case title United States (1986) v. Tsosie United States (1986) v. Tsosie United States of Indians v. Tribe Navajo (1978) United States of Indians v. Tribe Navajo (1978) United States of Indians v. Tribe Navajo (1978) United States of Indians v. Tribe Navajo (1978) United States of Indians v. Tribe Navajo (1978) United States (1978) v. Tribe Navajo United States of Indians v. Tribe Navajo (1978) Begay (1979) United States of Indians v. Tribe Navajo (1979) United States (1979) v. Tribe Navajo (1980) Tribe Sioux United States v. United States of Indians v. Tribe Navajo (1980) Begay (1980) United States (1982) v. Tribe Navajo United States of Indians v. Tribe Sioux (1984) United States of Indians v. Tribe Navajo (1985) Statutes at Large 15 Stat. 655 15 Stat. 667 15 Stat. 667 15 Stat. 667 15 Stat. 667 15 Stat. 667 15 Stat. 667 15 Stat. 667 15 Stat. 667 15 Stat. 667 15 Stat. 667 15 Stat. 667 15 Stat. 667 15 Stat. 667 15 Stat. 667 15 Stat. 667 15 Stat. 667 15 Stat. 667 Kappler page Kappler number 1012 1015 1015 1015 1015 1015 1015 1015 1015 1015 1015 1015 1015 1015 1015 1015 1015 1015 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 10 May 1868 1 June 1868 1 June 1868 1 June 1868 1 June 1868 1 June 1868 1 June 1868 1 June 1868 1 June 1868 1 June 1868 1 June 1868 1 June 1868 1 June 1868 1 June 1868 1 June 1868 1 June 1868 1 June 1868 1 June 1868 Signatory tribe(s) Navajo Ratified treaty number 371 372 372 372 372 372 372 372 372 372 372 372 372 372 372 372 372 372 American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims 393 Citation 9 Cl. Ct. 336 39 Fed. Cl. 419 46 Fed. Cl. 217 55 Fed. Cl. 81 28 Ct. Cl. 147 82 Ct. Cl. 23 85 Ct. Cl. 331 94 Ct. Cl. 215 95 Ct. Cl. 642 105 Ct. Cl. 725 127 Ct. Cl. 807 192 Ct. Cl. 785 197 Ct. Cl. 729 222 Ct. Cl. 421 9 Cl. Ct. 227 Cl. Ct. 62 11 32 Ct. Cl. 593 ) Case title United States of Indians v. Tribe Navajo (1986) United States (1997) Herrera v. United States (2000) Navajo Nation v. United States (2002) v. Tribe Hopi United States (1893) Marks v. River Wind of Indians Tribe Shoshone United States (1935 Reservation v. River Wind of Indians Tribe Shoshone United States (1937) Reservation v. United States (1941) Chickasaw Nation v. Northwestern Bands of Shoshone Indians United States (1942) v. United States of Indians v. Tribe Sioux (1946) of Tribes Ventre Blackfeet and Gros United States (1954) Indians v. United States (1970) Hebah v. United States (1972) Hebah v. (1980) Tribe Sioux United States v. United States of Indians v. Tribe Navajo (1985) United States (1986) v. Tsosie United States (1897) Moore v. Statutes at Large 15 Stat. 667 15 Stat. 667 15 Stat. 667 15 Stat. 667 15 Stat. 673 15 Stat. 673 15 Stat. 673 15 Stat. 673 15 Stat. 673 15 Stat. 673 15 Stat. 673 15 Stat. 673 15 Stat. 673 15 Stat. 673 15 Stat. 673 15 Stat. 673 Stat. 749 11 Kappler page Kappler number 1015 1015 1015 1015 1020 1020 1020 1020 1020 1020 1020 1020 1020 1020 1020 1020 594 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 1 June 1868 1 June 1868 1 June 1868 1 June 1868 3 July 1868 3 July 1868 3 July 1868 3 July 1868 3 July 1868 3 July 1868 3 July 1868 3 July 1868 3 July 1868 3 July 1868 3 July 1868 3 July 1868 17 September 1851 Signatory tribe(s) Shoshone: Eastern; Bannock Sioux; Cheyenne; Arapaho; Crow; Ratified treaty number 372 372 372 372 373 373 373 373 373 373 373 373 373 373 373 373 999 394 C. Bernholz & R. Weiner in Government Information Quarterly (2008) Citation 45 Ct. Cl. 177 71 Ct. Cl. 308 77 Ct. Cl. 347 80 Ct. Cl. 264 81 Ct. Cl. 238 97 Ct. Cl. 613 124 Ct. Cl. 324 128 Ct. Cl. 617 146 Ct. Cl. 421 151 Ct. Cl. 281 205 Ct. Cl. 148 7 Cl. Ct. 468 7 Cl. Ct. 481 21 Cl. Ct. 176 ) Case title United States (1910 Roy v. Indians of Ft. Berthold Indian Reservation United States (1930) v. United States v. Tribe Assiniboine Indian (1933) United of Indians v. Tribe Kansas or Kaw States (1934) United States (1935) Crow Nation v. United States of Indians v. Tribe Sioux (1942) United States v. Tribe Pawnee Indian (1953) United States v. Tribe Assiniboine Indian (1954) United States of Oklahoma v. Tribe Miami (1959) United States of Indians v. Tribe Crow (1960) United States (1974) v. Tribe Sioux United States of Indians v. Tribe Sioux (1985) United States of Indians v. Tribe Sioux (1985) of Pine Ridge Indian Tribe Oglala Sioux United States (1990) Reservation v. Statutes at Large Stat. 749 11 Stat. 749 11 Stat. 749 11 Stat. 749 11 Stat. 749 11 Stat. 749 11 Stat. 749 11 Stat. 749 11 Stat. 749 11 Stat. 749 11 Stat. 749 11 Stat. 749 11 Stat. 749 11 Stat. 749 11 Kappler page Kappler number 594 594 594 594 594 594 594 594 594 594 594 594 594 594 Treaty signing date signing Treaty 17 September 1851 17 September 1851 17 September 1851 17 September 1851 17 September 1851 17 September 1851 17 September 1851 17 September 1851 17 September 1851 17 September 1851 17 September 1851 17 September 1851 17 September 1851 17 September 1851 Signatory tribe(s) Assiniboin; Ventres; Gros Mandan; Arikara Ratified treaty number 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999