Battlefields & Treaties
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Nordic American Voices
Interwoven Oral History Project National Nordic Museum ID: 2020.042.001 Interview of Leonard Forsman October 30, 2020 Suquamish, Washington / Seattle, Washington Interviewer: Alison DeRiemer Alison DeRiemer: [0:00] This is an interview for the Interwoven Oral History Program at the National Nordic Museum in Seattle. Today is October 30th, 2020, and I will be interviewing Leonard Forsman, the Chairman of the Suquamish Tribe. My name is Alison DeRiemer, and this interview is being conducted remotely over Zoom. So, Leonard, welcome, and thank you so much for agreeing to be interviewed today. We really appreciate it. I’d just like to start, please, by getting your full name, and where and when you were born. Leonard Forsman: [0:30] Okay. My full name is Leonard Andrew Forsman, and I was born January 25, 1962 in Bremerton, Washington. Alison: [0:41] Okay, great. Can you also tell me your current location where you are today? Leonard: [0:47] I am in Suquamish, Washington, on the Port Madison Indian Reservation. Alison: [0:51] Okay. Great. Could you tell me a little bit about what you know about your Nordic ancestors, even if it’s not a lot. If you know any names, where they might have come from, where they immigrated to—if you know any of that information. Leonard: [1:10] Okay. Well, my paternal grandfather… My father was James William Forsman. His father was Alexander Forsman, who immigrated from Sweden. I don’t know a whole lot about his past, other than I believe the census records show him kind of coming via the Midwest, I believe Indiana, or something like that. -
Anthropological Study of Yakama Tribe
1 Anthropological Study of Yakama Tribe: Traditional Resource Harvest Sites West of the Crest of the Cascades Mountains in Washington State and below the Cascades of the Columbia River Eugene Hunn Department of Anthropology Box 353100 University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195-3100 [email protected] for State of Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife WDFW contract # 38030449 preliminary draft October 11, 2003 2 Table of Contents Acknowledgements 4 Executive Summary 5 Map 1 5f 1. Goals and scope of this report 6 2. Defining the relevant Indian groups 7 2.1. How Sahaptin names for Indian groups are formed 7 2.2. The Yakama Nation 8 Table 1: Yakama signatory tribes and bands 8 Table 2: Yakama headmen and chiefs 8-9 2.3. Who are the ―Klickitat‖? 10 2.4. Who are the ―Cascade Indians‖? 11 2.5. Who are the ―Cowlitz‖/Taitnapam? 11 2.6. The Plateau/Northwest Coast cultural divide: Treaty lines versus cultural 12 divides 2.6.1. The Handbook of North American Indians: Northwest Coast versus 13 Plateau 2.7. Conclusions 14 3. Historical questions 15 3.1. A brief summary of early Euroamerican influences in the region 15 3.2. How did Sahaptin-speakers end up west of the Cascade crest? 17 Map 2 18f 3.3. James Teit‘s hypothesis 18 3.4. Melville Jacobs‘s counter argument 19 4. The Taitnapam 21 4.1. Taitnapam sources 21 4.2. Taitnapam affiliations 22 4.3. Taitnapam territory 23 4.3.1. Jim Yoke and Lewy Costima on Taitnapam territory 24 4.4. -
Washington State National Maritime Heritage Area Feasibility Study for Designation As a National Heritage Area
Washington State National Maritime Heritage Area Feasibility Study for Designation as a National Heritage Area WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION Washington State National Maritime Heritage Area Feasibility Study for Designation as a National Heritage Area WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION APRIL 2010 The National Maritime Heritage Area feasibility study was guided by the work of a steering committee assembled by the Washington State Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation. Steering committee members included: • Dick Thompson (Chair), Principal, Thompson Consulting • Allyson Brooks, Ph.D., Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation • Chris Endresen, Office of Maria Cantwell • Leonard Forsman, Chair, Suquamish Tribe • Chuck Fowler, President, Pacific Northwest Maritime Heritage Council • Senator Karen Fraser, Thurston County • Patricia Lantz, Member, Washington State Heritage Center Trust Board of Trustees • Flo Lentz, King County 4Culture • Jennifer Meisner, Washington Trust for Historic Preservation • Lita Dawn Stanton, Gig Harbor Historic Preservation Coordinator Prepared for the Washington State Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation by Parametrix Berk & Associates March , 2010 Washington State NATIONAL MARITIME HERITAGE AREA Feasibility Study Preface National Heritage Areas are special places recognized by Congress as having nationally important heritage resources. The request to designate an area as a National Heritage Area is locally initiated, -
Barbara Lane Fc^Ido. Date: September 27, 1993 «3*Sfs' Subject: Review of Data Re: Possible Native Presence Mountain Goat Olympic National Park
Memorandum O/JLcv VJ». To: Paul Gleeson l«vu/s- fx«£»*-4'5-lz.y From: Barbara Lane fc^ido. Date: September 27, 1993 «3*SfS' Subject: Review of data re: possible native presence mountain goat Olympic National Park Enclosed is a final copy of my report "Western Washington Indian Knowledge of Mountain Goat in the Nineteenth Century: Historic, Ethnographic, and Linguistic Data". Please substitute the enclosed for the copy sent to you earlier and destroy the earlier draft. On rereading the earlier paper I discovered numerous minor typographical and editorial matters which have been corrected in the final version enclosed herewith. Also enclosed is a signed copy of the contract associated with this project. Thank you for inviting me to participate in this review. I found the subject matter stimulating. Dr. Schultz's article is a real contribution to the history of exploration in the region. WY-U3-1WM ll^l^HH hKUTI IU l.fUb-O.iUJJ'} K.tU 1 Western Washington Indian Knowlege of Mountain Goat in the Nineteenth Century : Historic, Ethnographic, and Linguistic Data Introductory remarks This commentary is written in response to a request from the National Park Service for a review of materials concerning evidence relating to presence or absence of mountain goat in the Olympic Mountains prior to introduction of this species in the 1920s. Dr. Lyman (1988) noted that the view that mountain goat were not native to the Olympic Peninsula is based on an absence of biological reports, absence of historical and ethnographic records, and lack of archaeofaunal evidence of pre-1920s presence of the species in this region. -
Nisqually Land Trust Land Trust Acquires Rare Nisqually River
Winter 2016 NISQUALLY LAND TRUST Newsletter Land Trust Acquires Rare Nisqually River Salmon Property Has Potential for Extending Yelm-Tenino Trail to River he Land Trust continued its renewed push to protect “It was well over ten years ago that we first identified this Thigh-priority salmon habitat on the main stem of the valuable shoreline property as important for protection,” Nisqually River by acquiring a prized shoreline property in said Lands Committee Chair George Walter. “Over the the river’s Whitewater Reach, just below Yelm. years we have kept in contact with the owner, and we’re very happy to announce that we have now acquired the The ten-acre property includes over 2,000 feet of salmon- property for permanent protection. Securing this much producing shoreline, an exceptional run of habitat to find high-quality habitat in such a relatively developed area is a in a single property. The Whitewater Reach is rated highest rare opportunity.” priority for protection in both the Nisqually Chinook Salmon Recovery Plan and the Nisqually Steelhead (continued on page 7) Recovery Plan. The Land Trust has acquired a key property with 2,000 feet of Nisqually River salmon shoreline (right bank, above) and potential for extending the Yelm-Tenino Trail. Land Trust Acquires Ohop Creek Spawning Property - Page 5 President’s Letter ummertime, and the livin’ is…wait, it’s OUR MISSION Sautumn already! How’d that happen? The Nisqually Land Trust acquires and We had another great summer here in the manages critical lands to permanently Northwest. Maybe just a little too warm for benefit the water, wildlife, and people of a couple of days there, but not so warm that the Nisqually River Watershed. -
Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission NEWS Vol
Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission NEWS Vol. XIV No. 3 Fall 1999 Inside: ■ Low Chum Returns ■ Razor Clam Beaches Open Again ■ Interview With Lorraine Loomis ■ Tribe Files Dam Suit ■ Project Targets Coho ■ Sharing A Tribal Tradition Being Frank At The Confluence Of The Centuries By Billy Frank Jr. NWIFC Chairman The confluence of the centuries I must ask myself, what kind of world will my sons should be like the joining of two riv- inherit in the years to come? ers. As they merge, the memories Researchers tell us that the ocean will rise several inches of countless moments and places over the next 50 years, and that its temperature will in- should fold one unto another, and crease by several degrees. form a deeper, broader flow of There’s a hole in the ozone layer. Exotic species of knowledge. predators are invading our waters. We’re told that there As the 19th Century merged into will be another million people here over the next 20 years the 20th, my father was a young and ground is still being lost to urban sprawl. man. He lived his whole life on the At the close of the 20th Century, I am striving to help Nisqually River. He was born in a wooden longhouse to teach my sons all I can of our heritage. I’m doing this be- parents who had lived on the same river throughout their cause I know it is their link to their traditional home on the lives. The heritage of the Nisqually has been passed from Nisqually, and their very existence as Indians. -
© Copyright 2016 William Gregory Guedel
© Copyright 2016 William Gregory Guedel Sovereignty, Political Economy, and Economic Development in Native American Nations William Gregory Guedel A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2016 Reading Committee: José Antonio Lucero, Chair Saadia Pekkanen Glennys Young Program Authorized to Offer Degree: The Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies University of Washington Abstract Sovereignty, Political Economy, and Economic Development in Native American Nations William Gregory Guedel Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Associate Professor José Antonio Lucero The Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies The severe and chronic lag in the empirical indicators for Native American socio-economic development has created, in the words of President Obama, “a moral call to action.” Although collective statistics indicate substantial development problems among the 566 federally recognized tribes, these empirical indicators do not manifest uniformly across all Native American nations. This prompts a basic but crucial question: Why are some Native American nations developing more successfully than others? This dissertation examines the theoretical basis and practical applications of tribal sovereignty and presents a new methodology for analyzing the development conditions within Native American nations, utilizing a qualitative assessment of the relative state of a tribe’s formal institutional development and informal institutional dynamics. These foundational elements of the tribal political economy—rather than any specific economic activities—are the prime determinants of a tribe’s development potential. Tribal governments that emphasize the advancement of their institutional structures and the strengthening of citizen cooperation within their communities are more likely to achieve their self-directed development goals, and this paper provides specific examples and recommendations for enhancing sustainable economic development within a tribal political economy. -
King County and Western Washington Cultural Geography, Communities, Their History and Traditions - Unit Plan
Northwest Heritage Resources King County and Western Washington Cultural Geography, Communities, Their History and Traditions - Unit Plan Enduring Cultures Unit Overview: Students research the cultural geographies of Native Americans living in King County and the Puget Sound region of Washington (Puget Salish), then compare/contrast the challenges and cultures of Native American groups in King County and Puget Sound to those of Asian immigrant groups in the same region. Used to its fullest, this unit will take nine to ten weeks to complete. Teachers may also elect to condense/summarize some of the materials and activities in the first section (teacher-chosen document-based exploration of Native American cultures) in order to focus on the student-directed research component. List of individual lesson plans: Session # Activity/theme 1 Students create fictional Native American families, circa 1820-1840, of NW coastal peoples. 2* Students introduce the characters, develop their biographies as members of specific tribes (chosen from those in the Northwest Heritage Resources website searchable database) 3* The fictional characters will practice a traditional art. Research NWHR database to browse possibilities, select one. Each student will learn something about the specific form s/he chose for his/her characters. Students will also glean from actual traditional artists' biographies what sorts of challenges the artists have faced and what sorts of goals they have that are related to their cultural traditions and communities. 4* Cultural art forms: Students deepen their knowledge of one or more art forms. 5 Teacher creates basic frieze: large map of Oregon territory and Canadian islands/ coastal region. -
Nisqually State Park Interpretive Plan
NISQUALLY STATE PARK INTERPRETIVE PLAN OCTOBER 2020 Prepared for the Nisqually Indian Tribe by Historical Research Associates, Inc. We acknowledge that Nisqually State Park is part of the homelands of the Squalli-absch (sqʷaliʔabš) people. We offer respect for their history and culture, and for the path they show in caring for this place. “All natural things are our brothers and sisters, they have things to teach us, if we are aware and listen.” —Willie Frank, Sr. Nisqually State Park forest. Credit: HRA TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . 5 PART 1: FOUNDATION. .11 Purpose and Guiding Principles . .12 Interpretive Goals . 12 Desired Outcomes . .13 Themes. 14 Setting and Connections to Regional Interpretive Sites . 16 Issues and Influences Affecting Interpretation . .18 PART 2: RECOMMENDATIONS . .21 Introduction . 22 Recommended Approach . .22 Recommended Actions and Benchmarks . 26 Interpretive Media Recommendations . 31 Fixed Media Interpretation . .31 Digital Interpretation . 31 Personal Services . 32 Summary . 33 PLANNING RESOURCES . 34 HRA Project Team . 35 Interpretive Planning Advisory Group and Planning Meeting Participants . .35 Acknowledgements . 35 Definitions . 35 Select Interpretation Resources. 36 Select Management Documents . 36 Select Topical Resources. 36 APPENDICES Appendix A: Interpretive Theme Matrix Appendix B: Recommended Implementation Plan Appendix C: Visitor Experience Mapping INTRODUCTION Nisqually State Park welcome sign includes Nisqually design elements and Lushootseed language translation. Credit: HRA Nisqually State Park | Interpretive Plan | October 2020 5 The Nisqually River is a defining feature of Nisqually State Park. According to the late Nisqually historian Cecelia Svinth Carpenter, “The Nisqually River became the thread woven through the heart and fabric of the Nisqually Indian people.” —Carpenter, The Nisqually People, My People. -
Pm AGENCY Office of Education (DREW), Washington, P
itOCUITT RESUME 2-45t 95 . - ,RC 010 425 .. UTROR' Niatuw, Duane; Rickman, Uncle TITLE The. History and Culture of the'Indiand of Wilahington State ---A curriculua'GuiAer..Revised 1975. ,INmpUTION Washington Office of the State Superintendent of .' Public Instruction, Olympia.; Washington Univ., v .1 . 'Seattle. Coll. of Edication. , ;pm AGENCY Office of Education (DREW), Washington, p. C. r 08-,DATE . 75' Lima -------,_ 248p.: - BOBS PRICE HF-$0443-7801.414.71 Plus POstage. " -DESCRIPTORS Activities; fAmericarLindians; Audioviival lids; *Bibliographies; Cat:mad-inn-Concept Formation; Conflict; *Cultural Awareness; CuTttialBackground. Cultural Differences; *CurriCulumOuideal-iducat4onal Objectives; *Elementary 'Secondary- Education;. Enrichment; Futures (of Society) * 'History; Instructional Materials: InterdiLiplOau Approach:. / Organizations (Groups); Problems; *Reionice ., Haterfals; Social Change; Students; Teachers IDENTIF*S' *Washington -,,,. 'AB4T4CT - 0 social. Designed to be utilized as a supplementtar,,, studies crr culum (any level) .in-the public schodlgirofAiasking,ton thiscurricula*,- guide on: the histOry 4AWc4tt#4 of . ..- 4t4te. ... NAshington's American Indians includes; ailindez; a 0.14-00-;#04ia . , guide;-a guide to teaching materialetsauath0-2, .., resource ._..., -_,,,......- -, ,study,itself. The content of the course of St04200#441'6 ;:thee .: 11#10 4;eisearlii life of the Indians ofilvall#00,01*4,the::,. NMshington Indians! encounter with non 4andiane;,04-0400,0 ,,, .InAians of Washington. The subject patter iso.0#4110kiii*OePt P ' A4'n'Of'Socialissuesand is developedbysielliWWCO:i01041. '. ,,,f ,4ener4imationS, and values derived from all at 00,:4140(science dirge 04Ines;specific objectives and actAvitieg:4Sik 4414- c -60d. e:)14.1liggraphy/resources section inclu400: 40040, l is: ,; mt. ipii; gases: newspapers and journ4s1 twOotdM, MOta 'Wit organizations and institutions; U.S. -
National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form
NFS Form 10-900-b 0MB No, 1024-0018 (Jan. 1987) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form This form is for use in documenting multiple property groups relating to one or several historic contexts. See instructions in Guidelines for Completing National Register Forms (National Register Bulletin 16). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering the requested information. For additional space use continuation sheets (Form 10-900-a). Type all entries. A. Name of Multiple Property Listing Movie Theaters in Washington State from 1900 to 1948 B. Associated Historic Contexts_____________________________________________ Film Entertainment in Washington from 1900 to 1948________________________ (Historic Contexts for future development) ____________________________ Stage, Musical, and Oratory Entertainment in Washington from Early Settlement to 1915 Entertainment Entrepreneurs in Washington from 1850 to 1948 C. Geographical Data___________________________________________________ The State of Washington LjSee continuation sheet D. Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this documentation form meets the NationaLRegister documentation standards and sets forth requirements for the listing of related properties consistent with the National Register criteria. This submission meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFfe ParM6t) and the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Planning and Evaluation. / 6* /JL^ , , , /^ \ MA^D L *'Jr *^^ August 20, 1991 Signature of certifying official Date Waphingpon State Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation Statelor Federal agency and bureau ^ 1, hereby, certify that this multiple property documentation form has been approved by the National Register as a basis for evaluating related properties for listing in the National Register. -
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT WESTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON 9 STATE OF WASHINGTON; STATE OF NO. 10 OREGON; CONFEDERATED TRIBES OF THE CHEHALIS RESERVATION; COMPLAINT 11 CONFEDERATED TRIBES OF THE COOS, LOWER UMPQUA AND 12 SIUSLAW INDIANS; COW CREEK BAND OF UMPQUA TRIBE OF 13 INDIANS; DOYON, LTD.; DUWAMISH TRIBE; 14 CONFEDERATED TRIBES OF THE GRAND RONDE COMMUNITY OF 15 OREGON; HOH INDIAN TRIBE; JAMESTOWN S’KLALLAM TRIBE; 16 KALISPEL TRIBE OF INDIANS; THE KLAMATH TRIBES; MUCKLESHOOT 17 INDIAN TRIBE; NEZ PERCE TRIBE; NOOKSACK INDIAN TRIBE; PORT 18 GAMBLE S’KLALLAM TRIBE; PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS; 19 QUILEUTE TRIBE OF THE QUILEUTE RESERVATION; 20 QUINAULT INDIAN NATION; SAMISH INDIAN NATION; 21 CONFEDERATED TRIBES OF SILETZ INDIANS; SKOKOMISH INDIAN 22 TRIBE; SNOQUALMIE INDIAN TRIBE; SPOKANE TRIBE OF 23 INDIANS; SQUAXIN ISLAND TRIBE; SUQUAMISH TRIBE; SWINOMISH 24 INDIAN TRIBAL COMMUNITY; TANANA CHIEFS CONFERENCE; 25 CENTRAL COUNCIL OF THE TLINGIT & HAIDA INDIAN TRIBES 26 OF ALASKA; UPPER SKAGIT COMPLAINT 1 ATTORNEY GENERAL OF WASHINGTON Complex Litigation Division 800 5th Avenue, Suite 2000 Seattle, WA 98104-3188 (206) 464-7744 1 INDIAN TRIBE; CONFEDERATED TRIBES AND BANDS OF THE 2 YAKAMA NATION; AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION; 3 ASSOCIATION OF KING COUNTY HISTORICAL ORGANIZATIONS; 4 CHINESE AMERICAN CITIZENS ALLIANCE; HISTORIC SEATTLE; 5 HISTORYLINK; MUSEUM OF HISTORY AND INDUSTRY; OCA 6 ASIAN PACIFIC ADVOCATES – GREATER SEATTLE; WASHINGTON 7 TRUST FOR HISTORIC PRESERVATION; and WING LUKE 8 MEMORIAL FOUNDATION D/B/A WING LUKE MUSEUM, 9 Plaintiffs, 10 v. 11 RUSSELL VOUGHT, in his capacity as 12 Director of the OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET; 13 DAVID S.