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Mas Alla Del Rosa O Azul.Pdf Universidad de Huelva Departamento de Educación Más allá del rosa o azul : análisis de la construcción de la identidad desde una perspectiva de género a través de la educación musical en la etapa de primaria Memoria para optar al grado de doctora presentada por: María Belén Hidalgo Márquez Fecha de lectura: 29 de enero de 2016 Bajo la dirección de la doctora: Emilia Moreno Sánchez Huelva, 2016 Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación Más allá del rosa o azul. Análisis de la construcción de la identidad desde una perspectiva de género a través de la educación musical en la etapa de primaria Tesis doctoral María Belén Hidalgo Márquez DIRECTORA: Dra. Emilia Moreno Sánchez Huelva, 2015 Más allá del rosa o azul. Análisis de la construcción de la identidad desde una perspectiva de género a través de la educación musical en la etapa de primaria Tesis Doctoral Mª Belén Hidalgo Márquez Directora: Emilia Moreno Sánchez Departamento de Educación Universidad de Huelva, 2015 -2- A mi queridísima abuela María, “El amor es sufrido, es benigno; El amor no tiene envidia; El amor no es jactancioso, no se envanece. No hace nada indebido, no busca lo suyo; No se irrita, no guarda rencor. No se goza de la injusticia, más se goza de la verdad. Todo lo sufre, todo lo cree; Todo lo espera, todo lo soporta. El amor nunca deja de ser…” Corintios 13: 4-8 Te echo tanto de menos, que tu precioso recuerdo no compensa tu ausencia. Mayo 2015 -3- -4- ”De eso se trata, de coincidir con gente que te haga ver cosas que tu no ves. Que te enseñan a mirar con otros ojos”. Mario Benedetti. Quiero expresar mi agradecimiento a todas las personas que han hecho posible la realización de este trabajo. Agradecer, en primer lugar, a Emilia Moreno, por guiarme en el proceso de elaboración de esta Tesis Doctoral, por tu paciencia, comprensión y ayuda sin límites. Gracias por saber transmitirme ese entusiasmo, que te caracteriza, en este proyecto También agradezco a mi familia por todo el apoyo. A mi madre Manuela y mi padre Juan Mª, por estar siempre ahí, por encauzar mis inquietudes e inculcarme el amor por la superación, por quererme como solo vosotros sabéis y porque no hay en el mundo palabras para agradecer todo lo que habéis hecho por vuestra familia. A mi hermano Francisco Manuel, por enseñarme que hay otras formas de ver el mundo, tan válidas como la propia y por ese cariño constante, de esa manera tan especial. A mi madrina Mª Coronada, por ser mi segunda mamá, por tratarme como a una hija, por tu dulzura, paciencia y por ser un gran apoyo. A mi pequeña gran María, mi hermana, por demostrarme que la constancia y el esfuerzo tienen sus frutos, por ser como eres y por lo que me haces sentir cuando estoy contigo. Y a mi abuela María, sin ti esto no sería posible. Os adoro. A mis sobrinas y sobrino, por hacerme sentir tan especial. A mi Coronada por su enorme corazón, a mi Gabriela por su dulzura y cariño, a mi Rosa por sorprenderme y descolocarme cada día, algo que no es fácil, a mi Ángela, porque saca de mí el lado más tierno y a mi pequeño Alonso, porque con tu sonrisa enterneces mi corazón. Me siento muy orgullosa de formar parte de vuestra vida. Quiero terminar agradeciendo a mi pareja, mi compañero de viaje y mi mejor amigo, Raúl. “Te volvería a decir que sí todos los días de mi vida”. Esta tesis es para ti, por todo y por tanto. Te amo. -5- -6- “Los colores” “En el mundo de los colores, cada uno tiene su forma de ser. Está el verde, el color de la esperanza. Cuando en el mundo de los colores las cosas se ponen mal, pero que muy mal, entonces llega el verde y les dice a los demás: -No perdáis la esperanza. Si no la perdéis, seguro que podemos cambiar las cosas. Y al resto de los colores les entran de nuevo las ganas de luchar para mejorar el mundo. Y el verde es así de divertido porque vive en la hierba, en los mocos de l@s niñ@s yen las crestas de l@s punkis. Al amarillo le encanta alimentar a los demás. Sobre todo vive en el cereal. Lleva mucho tiempo mal repartido y últimamente muta con facilidad. El color naranja, que es un color que da calor. Cuando el resto de colores tienen frío, van donde el naranja y vuelven a estar calentitos. Eso es porque el naranja vive en el sol. (Se parece mucho a la Pipi Calzaslargas). El marrón, que lo pasa fatal porque siempre que ocurre algo malo en el mundo dice: -¡Ha sido marrón! ¡Ha sido marrón! Y el marrón estaba tan harto de comerse marrones que se fue a vivir al bosque. Ahora, cuando los colores están agobiados van con el marrón y se tranquilizan. El rojo, que siempre se está metiendo en líos, líos políticos, líos de amor… vive en el corazón y en el sarampión. El blanco y el negro, que siempre iban juntos, pegados culo con culo, se dedicaban a engañar a los demás. -¡Que viene el blanco! ¡Que viene el blanco!- decían. Pero el blanco se daba la vuelta y… ¡era el negro a quien veían! O al revés. Pero la verdad es que el blanco y el negro no engañaban a nadie, iban siempre juntos porque sabían que todo lo bueno contiene algo malo y que todo lo malo alberga algo bueno. Igual que la sombra y la luz. ¡Ahh, que se me olvidaba! Quedaban dos colores: el rosa y el azul, que eran dos colores muy cariñosos, generosos, fuertes y valientes. Pero al rosa le habían prohibido pensar y decidir, y al azul le habían prohibido llorar y tener miedo. Y, por si fuera poco, al rosa le habían dicho: -“Tú solo jugarás con muñecas” Y al azul le habían dicho: -7- -“Tú solo jugarás con la pelota” Y resulta que al azul le encantaban las muñecas y el rosa se lo pasaba genial con la pelota. De manera que aprendieron a escaparse, a cambiarse los juegos, a poder llorar y sentir el miedo, a poder pensar. Pero entonces llegaban los incoloros (la amargura les había borrado el color) y se dedicaban a fastidiar y a acosar al rosa y al azul. -¡Tú, azul, no juegues más con muñecas! ¡Deja de llorar! ¡Y tú, rosa, deja ya el fútbol y deja de pensar! Vete a casa a limpiar Y así muchos, muchos años, tantos años que siglos, y tantos siglos que milenios. El rosa y el azul estaban asustados por los incoloros, cansados de no poder ser como les gustaba, hartos de que los trataran mal. Así que un día decidieron escaparse. Al azul le entró mucho miedo: -¡Nos van a pillar, nos van a pillar! Pero el rosa le dijo: -Que nooooo, no te preocupes, se me ha ocurrido una idea genial: vamos a mezclarnos. Si nos mezclamos saldrá un nuevo color y nunca nos encontrarán. Y así fue como salió el lila. Por eso el color lila es un color muy cariñoso y muy generoso, al que le encanta cuidar a los demás, muy listo y muy valiente, que cuando tiene miedo llora y se le pasa, y además juega al fútbol, a las muñecas y a todo lo que le da la gana. Es por eso que el lila vive en todas las personas que eligen, libremente, vivir sus infinitas mezclas. Y el lila nunca se olvidó de que es la unión del azul y el rosa” Cuentos para antes de despertar, por Nunila López Salamero -8- Índice de contenidos Introducción ……………………………………………………………………………………..13 BLOQUE I: Marco teórico de referencia CAPÍTULO 1. LA MÚSICA COMO LENGUAJE Y MEDIO DE EXPRESIÓN…………...…33 1. Introducción…………………………………………………………………………………..33 2. La música como lenguaje……………………………………………………………………..36 2.1. Concepto de lenguaje y tipos……………………………………………………...36 2.2. La música como lenguaje…………………………………………………………..44 3. Música como medio de expresión……………………………………………………………54 3.1. Expresión vocal…………………………………………………………………….60 3. 2. Expresión instrumental…………………………………………………………….71 3.3. Expresión corporal…………………………………………………………………85 CAPÍTULO 2. MÚSICA Y SOCIEDAD………………………………………………………..92 1. Introducción…………………………………………………………………………………..92 2. Sociología de la música……………………………………………………………………….96 3. Función social de la música…………………………………………………………………103 3.1. Prehistoria e historia primitiva …………………………………………………...108 3.2. Civilizaciones antiguas avanzadas………………………………………………..110 3.2.1. Mesopotamia………………………………………………………………..110 3.2.2. Palestina…………………………………………………………………….111 3.2.3. Egipto……………………………………………………………………….112 3.2.4. India………………………………………………………………………...113 3.2.5. China……………………………………………………………………….113 3.2.6. Primeros colonizadores de la Península Ibérica……………………………114 3.2.7. Grecia………………………………………………………………………115 3.3. Antigüedad tardía y temprana Edad Media……………………………………….120 3.3.1. Roma………………………………………………………………………..120 3.3.2. La música de la iglesia cristiana primitiva ……………………………...…122 3.3.3. Bizancio…………………………………………………………………….123 3.4. Transición del mundo antiguo a la Edad Media…………………………………..124 3.5. Edad Media………………………………………………………………………..126 3.5.1. La música andalusí…………………………………………………………126 3.5.2. Monodia religiosa: canto gregoriano……………………………………….127 3.5.3. Monodia profana……………………………………………………………131 3.5.4. Polifonía…………………………………………………………………….134 3.5.5. Música instrumental………………………………………………………..135 3.6. Renacimiento……………………………………………………………………...136 3.6.1. Música vocal religiosa……………………………………………………...139 3.6.2. Música vocal profana……………………………………………………….140 3.6.3. Música instrumental………………………………………………………..141 3.7. Barroco……………………………………………………………………………142 3.7.1. Música vocal………………………………………………………………146 3.7.2. Música instrumental………………………………………………………..147 3.7.3. La música en España……………………………………………………….149 3.8. Clasicismo………………………………………………………………………...151 3.8.1. Música vocal……………………………………………………………….154 3.8.2. Música instrumental………………………………………………………..155 3.9. Romanticismo…………………………………………………………………….159 -9- 3.10. Siglo XX………………………………………………………………………...164 3.11. Música del siglo XXI……………………………………………………………173 4. El protagonismo femenino en la música a través de los siglos……………………………..176 4.1.
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