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Public Health Prevention and Spatiotemporal Analysis of Human Leptospirosis in Mahasarakham Province, Thailand Jaruwan Viroj

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Public Health Prevention and Spatiotemporal Analysis of Human Leptospirosis in Mahasarakham Province, Thailand Jaruwan Viroj Public Health Prevention and Spatiotemporal Analysis of Human Leptospirosis in Mahasarakham Province, Thailand Jaruwan Viroj To cite this version: Jaruwan Viroj. Public Health Prevention and Spatiotemporal Analysis of Human Leptospirosis in Mahasarakham Province, Thailand. Human health and pathology. Université Montpellier, 2019. English. NNT : 2019MONTG028. tel-02468153 HAL Id: tel-02468153 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02468153 Submitted on 5 Feb 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE POUR OBTENIR LE GRADE DE DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTPELLIER En : Ecologie de la santé École doctorale : GAIA - BIODIVERSITÉ, AGRICULTURE, ALIMENTATION, ENVIRONNEMENT, TERRE, EAU Unité de recherche : ISE-M - Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier SANTÉ PUBLIQUE ET ANALYSE SPATIO-TEMPORELLE DE LA LEPTOSPIROSE HUMAINE DANS LA PROVINCE DE MAHASARAKHAM EN THAÏLANDE Jaruwan VIROJ Le 10/10/2019 Sous la direction de : Dr. Julien CLAUDE, Maître de conférences des Universités, Directeur de thèse, Dr. Serge MORAND, Directeur de Recherche CNRS, co-Directeur de thèse et Dr. Claire LAJAUNIE, Chargée de recherche INSERM, co-encadrante de thèse Devant le jury composé de Dr. Karine Chalvet-Monfray, Professeur, VetAgro Sup, Marcy l’Etoile, France Rapporteur Dr. Pierre Mazzega, Directeur de recherche CNRS, Géosciences Environnement,Toulouse, France Rapporteur Dr. Boripat Siriaroonrat, Directeur du Museum National d’Histoire naturelle de Thaïlande Examinateur Dr. Julien Cappelle, Chargé de recherche CIRAD, VetAgro Sup, Marcy l’Etoile, France Examinateur Dr. Sylvie Hurtrez-Boussès, Professeur des Universités, Université de Montpellier, France Président Title: Public Health Prevention and Spatiotemporal Analysis of Human Leptospirosis in Mahasarakham Province, Thailand CONTENTS CONTENTS ................................................................................................................... 5 RESUME ETENDU EN FRANÇAIS ........................................................................... 7 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................ 21 1. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF LEPTOSPIROSIS .................................................... 23 2. HUMAN LEPTOSPIROSIS SITUATION IN THE WORLD ............................................. 25 3. TAXONOMY AND CLASSIFICATION ..................................................................... 27 4. BIOLOGY OF LEPTOSPIRES ................................................................................. 30 5. LIFE CYCLE OF PATHOGENIC LEPTOSPIRES ......................................................... 31 6. SOURCES OF INFECTION ..................................................................................... 31 7. HUMAN TRANSMISSION ...................................................................................... 32 8. RISK GROUPS ..................................................................................................... 33 9. CLINICAL FEATURES OF LEPTOSPIROSIS ............................................................. 34 10. PREVENTION AND CONTROL ........................................................................... 36 11. FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO LEPTOSPIROSIS INFECTIONS ............................... 37 12. BEHAVIORAL HEALTH .................................................................................... 40 13. HUMAN LEPTOSPIROSIS SITUATION IN THAILAND ........................................... 41 14. HUMAN LEPTOSPIROSIS SITUATION IN MAHASARAKHAM PROVINCE .............. 45 15. ONE HEALTH IMPLEMENTATION IN THAILAND ............................................... 46 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................ 55 CHAPTER 2 EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC HEALTH PREVENTION OF LEPTOSPIROSIS IN MAHASARAKHAM PROVINCE (THAILAND) IN A ONE HEALTH PERSPECTIVE........................................................................................... 59 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................. 61 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 63 METHODS .................................................................................................................. 64 RESULTS .................................................................................................................... 67 DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................... 80 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................. 85 5 CHAPTER 3 AGRO-ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINANTS OF LEPTOSPIROSIS IN MAHASARAKHAM PROVINCE (THAILAND), 2004 - 2014: A RETROSPECTIVE SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS ................................ 87 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................. 91 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 93 MATERIALS AND METHODS ....................................................................................... 95 RESULTS .................................................................................................................. 101 DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................. 105 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................... 110 CHAPTER 4 KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES OF PATIENTS, NEIGHBORS, VILLAGE HEALTH VOLUNTEERS AND COMMUNITY LEADERS OF LEPTOSPIROSIS PREVENTION AND CONTROL IN MAHASARAKHAM PROVINCE, THAILAND ..................................................... 125 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................... 127 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 130 MATERIALS AND METHODS ........................................................................... 132 RESULTS............................................................................................................... 137 DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................. 160 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................... 165 CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION ..................................................................................... 167 ANNEX...................................................................................................................... 179 GLOSSARY............................................................................................................... 181 MANUSCRIPT 1: EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC HEALTH PREVENTION OF LEPTOSPIROSIS IN MAHASARAKHAM PROVINCE (THAILAND) IN A ONE HEALTH PERSPECTIVE ........... 189 MANUSCRIPT 3: KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES OF LEPTOSPIROSIS PATIENTS, THEIR NEIGHBORS, VILLAGE HEALTH VOLUNTEERS AND COMMUNITY LEADERS REGARDING LEPTOSPIROSIS PREVENTION AND CONTROL IN MAHASARAKHAM PROVINCE, THAILAND ............................................................................................................... 211 GUIDELINES FOR IMPROVING COOPERATION AMONG DEPARTMENTS FOR LEPTOSPIROSIS PREVENTION AND CONTROL (ENGLISH VERSION) ............................ 235 GUIDELINES FOR IMPROVING COOPERATION AMONG DEPARTMENTS FOR LEPTOSPIROSIS PREVENTION AND CONTROL (THAI VERSION) .................................. 269 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................... 303 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................... 313 6 Résumé étendu en Français Titre: Santé publique et analyse spatio-temporelle de la leptospirose humaine dans la province de Mahasarakham en Thaïlande Introduction La leptospirose est une maladie zoonotique d’intérêt majeur et est considérée comme étant une des zoonoses les plus répandue au monde (World Health Organization, 2007). Plus de 70000 cas de Leptospirose ont été détectés en Thaïlande depuis l’émergence de la maladie (Morand et al., 2018). La Leptospirose est endémique dans la province de Mahasarakham en Thaïlande et a causé la mort de patients. Cette étude a pour objectif de comprendre les causes des épidémies et d’améliorer les politiques de prévention et de contrôle à l’échelle de la Province. J’ai cherché à i) comprendre l’évolution des politiques de préventions et de contrôle de la leptospirose à différentes échelles, ii) comprendre les facteurs asscoiés avec les épidémies de leptospirose en analysant l’épidémiologie spaitale et temporelle des cas reportés entre 2004 et 2014, iii) analyser les connaissances, attitudes et pratiques des patients, des
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