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WRA Species Report Family: Arecaceae Taxon: Dypsis madagascariensis Synonym: Chrysalidocarpus lucubensis Becc. Common Name: Malagasy Palm Chrysalidocarpus madagascariensis Becc. (ba Chrysalidocarpus madagascariensis var. lucu Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Chuck Chimera Designation: EVALUATE Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: Chuck Chimera WRA Score 5 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 y 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens y=1, n=0 n 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 y 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 410 Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island) y=1, n=0 y Print Date: 4/3/2012 Dypsis madagascariensis (Arecaceae) Page 1 of 7 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n 504 Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) y=1, n=0 n 601 Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat y=1, n=0 n 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally y=1, n=-1 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 n 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 701 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked y=1, n=-1 n areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 n 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 y 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 n 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 y 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) y=1, n=-1 n 802 Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) y=1, n=-1 803 Well controlled by herbicides y=-1, n=1 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 805 Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents) y=-1, n=1 Designation: EVALUATE WRA Score 5 Print Date: 4/3/2012 Dypsis madagascariensis (Arecaceae) Page 2 of 7 Supporting Data: 101 2008. Louppe, D./Oteng-Amoako, A.A./Brink, M.. [Is the species highly domesticated? No] No evidence Timbers 1: volume 7 of plant resources of tropical Africa. PROTA, Wageningen, Netherlands 102 2012. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 103 2012. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 201 2008. Louppe, D./Oteng-Amoako, A.A./Brink, M.. [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2-High] "Dypsis Timbers 1: volume 7 of plant resources of madagascariensis is endemic to northern and western Madagascar." tropical Africa. PROTA, Wageningen, Netherlands 202 2008. Louppe, D./Oteng-Amoako, A.A./Brink, M.. [Quality of climate match data 2-High] Timbers 1: volume 7 of plant resources of tropical Africa. PROTA, Wageningen, Netherlands 203 2003. Riffle, R.L./Craft, P.. An encyclopedia of [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? No] "This species is cultivated palms. Timber Press, Portland, OR. intolerant of cold and is adaptable only to zones 10b and 11." 203 2008. Louppe, D./Oteng-Amoako, A.A./Brink, M.. [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? No] "Ecology - Dypsis Timbers 1: volume 7 of plant resources of madagascariensis occurs in moist rainforest and semi-deciduous forest up to 650 tropical Africa. PROTA, Wageningen, m altitude. It can be found in drier forest than most other Dypsis species, even in Netherlands gullies and ravines in dry bushland." 204 2001. Ellison, D./Ellison, A.. Cultivated palms of [Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] the world. UNSW Press, Sydney. "Performing well in an open position in subtropical or tropical climates, this hardy plant tolerates dry conditions once established." 204 2008. Louppe, D./Oteng-Amoako, A.A./Brink, M.. [Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] Timbers 1: volume 7 of plant resources of "Dypsis madagascariensis is endemic to northern and western Madagascar." tropical Africa. PROTA, Wageningen, Netherlands 205 2001. Ellison, D./Ellison, A.. Cultivated palms of [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural the world. UNSW Press, Sydney. range? Yes] "This widely cultivated species is native to Madagascar." 205 2008. Louppe, D./Oteng-Amoako, A.A./Brink, M.. [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural Timbers 1: volume 7 of plant resources of range? Yes] "It is cultivated as an ornamental in many tropical countries." tropical Africa. PROTA, Wageningen, Netherlands 301 2002. Svenning, J.C.. Non-native ornamental [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes] "Outnumbering the native palms, eight palms invade a secondary tropical forest in species of exotic palms have invaded the forest:" … "Dypsis madagascariensis Panama. Palms. 46(2): 81-86. occurs only in a small, peripheral area of the forest, but here has both juveniles and adults." 301 2007. McCormack, G.. Cook Islands Biodiversity [Naturalized beyond native range? No evidence from Cook Islands] "COOK Database, Version 2007.2.. Cook Islands Natural ISLANDS STATUS: Introduced - Recent, Not naturalised; Land, lowlands" Heritage Trust, Rarotonga http://cookislands.bishopmuseum.org 301 2008. Louppe, D./Oteng-Amoako, A.A./Brink, M.. [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes] "Locally it has become naturalized, e.g. Timbers 1: volume 7 of plant resources of in Panama." tropical Africa. PROTA, Wageningen, Netherlands 301 2008. Meyer, J-Y./Lavergne, C./Hodel, D. R.. [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes] "Guérin observed the Lucuba palm Time Bombs in Gardens: Invasive Ornamental (Dypsis madagascariensis) naturalized in wet, low elevation secondary forests of Palms in Tropical Islands, with Emphasis on the Opunohu Valley, Moorea (Society Islands) in the 1980s from a 1971 French Polynesia (Pacific Ocean) and the introduction. More recently Meyer observed this species naturalized in the Mascarenes (Indian Ocean). Palms. 52: 71-83. Vaianae and Maharepa valleys of Moorea up to 400 m elevation in secondary and wet primary forests (Fig. 3). It is noteworthy that this species (under the name Chrysalidocarpus lucubensis) is also noted to be locally naturalized in low- elevation rain forest in Mauritius (Lorence & Sussman 1986) and in peripheral area of a secondary tropical forest in Panama (Svenning 2002)." 302 2008. Meyer, J-Y./Lavergne, C./Hodel, D. R.. [Garden/amenity/disturbance weed? Yes] "The eradication of Dypsis Time Bombs in Gardens: Invasive Ornamental madagascariensis in the island of Moorea (French Polynesia) still seems possible Palms in Tropical Islands, with Emphasis on before dense stands are formed or before individuals are found at higher French Polynesia (Pacific Ocean) and the elevation and on steep slopes." [Demonstrating the potential to become an Mascarenes (Indian Ocean). Palms. 52: 71-83. environmental weed and recommended for eradication by local ecologists] Print Date: 4/3/2012 Dypsis madagascariensis (Arecaceae) Page 3 of 7 303 2007. Randall, R.P.. Global Compendium of [Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed? No] No evidence Weeds - Index [Online Database]. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ 304 2008. Meyer, J-Y./Lavergne, C./Hodel, D. R.. [Environmental weed? Possibly] "The eradication of Dypsis madagascariensis in Time Bombs in Gardens: Invasive Ornamental the island of Moorea (French Polynesia) still seems possible before dense stands Palms in Tropical Islands, with Emphasis on are formed or before individuals are found at higher elevation and on steep French Polynesia (Pacific Ocean) and the slopes." [Demonstrating the potential to become an environmental weed and Mascarenes (Indian Ocean). Palms. 52: 71-83. recommended for eradication by local ecologists] 305 2008. Meyer, J-Y./Lavergne, C./Hodel, D. R.. [Congeneric weed? Potentially] "Seedlings and saplings of the golden cane palm Time Bombs in Gardens: Invasive Ornamental D. lutescens, a very popular palm used for hedges in the gardens of Mauritius Palms in Tropical Islands, with Emphasis on and La Réunion, have been observed in a streambed near Saint-Leu (J.
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