Polarforschungsinfrastrukturen

Liste mit Homepages:

GARS O‘Higgins: https://www.dlr.de/eoc/de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-9472/16238_read-40703/ Neumayer-Station III: https://www.awi.de/expedition/stationen/neumayer-station-iii.html Kohnen Station: https://www.awi.de/expedition/stationen/kohnen-station.html BE-OI Drill Camp: https://www.beyondepica.eu/en/ Gondwana: https://www.bgr.bund.de/DE/Themen/Polarforschung/Bilder/pol_gondwana_station_f oto_g.html

Facility information Scientific disciplines German Antarctic Receiving Station Status Open Anthropology Human biology Closed Archaeology Hydrology Facility type Station (GARS) O’Higgins Station Laboratory Astrophysics Isotopic chemistry Camp Atmospheric sciences Limnology Area under roof (m²) 500 Climate change Mapping Opening year 1991 Climatology Marine biology Operational period Year-Round Ecology Medical research Staff at peak 10 63° 19’ 16” S, 57° 54’ 02” W, Altitude 17m Antarctic Environmental sciences Medicine Scientist at peak 8 Fishery Microbiology Germany Geocryology Oceanography Climate Lab types Geodesy Paleontology Climate zone Coastal Antarctica Biology Chemistry Geology Pollution Total annual precipitation (mm) Geology Geophysics Geomorphology Sedimentology Precipitation type Snow Scientific diving None Geophysics & seismology Sociology / Social science GARS-O’Higgins, German Aerospace Center (DLR) Rain Offices, Electronic lab. Other GIS Soil science The German Antarctic Receiving Station (GARS) O’Higgins is a Permafrost None dual purpose facility for Earth observation and geodesy operated Sporadic Communications Glaciology Terrestrial biology year-round. The station is located very close to the Chilean Continuous Antarctic Base General Bernardo O’Higgins, on the island Isabel Discontinuous Computer E-mail Riquelme at the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. GARS Other disciplines Snow free period January Internet Printer O’Higgins serves as a satellite ground station for payload data February Remote Sensing, NRT Sea Ice Monitoring. reception and telecommanding of remote sensing satellites as Satellite phone Scanner December well as a geodetic observatory for global reference systems, Telephone VHF global change and astrometry. The station is owned and Temperature Specific devices managed by the German Aerospace Centre (DLR). It is jointly Mean annual temperature (°C) -3.9 Fax Other operated by DLR and the Federal Agency for Cartography and 9m satellite tracking antenna and radio telescope, satellite data Geodesy (BKG) in cooperation with Chile. Mean temperature January (°C) 1 processing facility, GNSS reference stations, corner reflectors, meteorological Mean temperature July (°C) -9 Medical facilities The satellite ground station O’Higgins (OHG) is part of the global instruments ground station network of DLR and provides near real time (NRT) Observation period start 1st January 1963 Facilities Yes / No service related to sea ice monitoring. Note: tide gauges are not anymore available on site. Observation period end 31st December 1999 Staff medically trained Non-medical trained person For space geodesy and astrometry the radio antenna O’Higgins Nurse Scientific services significantly improves coverage over the southern hemisphere Medical doctor and plays an essential role within the global Very Long Baseline Access Near-real time (NRT) service for sea ice monitoring and data Staff with basic medical training Interferometry (VLBI) network. In particular the determination of Air Sea Land reception for Earth observation missions. the Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP) and the sky coverage of in summer the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF) benefit from Staff with basic medical training the location at a high southern latitude. Further, the resolution in winter Long-term monitoring of VLBI images of active galactic nuclei (AGN), cosmic radio Medical screening required Yes / No sources defining the ICRF, improves significantly when O’Higgins VLBI measurements, GNSS measurements (in addition), is included in the network. The various geodetic instrumentation determination of the earth orientation parameters, observation Two nurses on neighboring Chilean station O’Higgins (year- and the long time series at O’Higgins allow a reliable determination of crustal motions of the northern Antarctic peninsula, Long term round) of crustal motions. time series of EO data over Antarctic Peninsula and the Antarctic in general. Transportation to facility Airplane Helicopter Ship Skidoo Walking 4WD

Photos

1 - GARS GAL (Credit: DLR (CC-BY 3.0))

2 - Antenne Antarktisstation (Credit: DLR (CC-BY 3.0)) www.dlr.de/gars 3 - GARS GAL (Credit - DLR (CC-BY 3.0)) 97 98 Facility information Scientific disciplines Neumayer-Station III Status Open Anthropology Human biology Closed Archaeology Hydrology Facility type Station Laboratory Astrophysics Isotopic chemistry Station Camp Atmospheric sciences Limnology Area under roof (m²) 4890 Climate change Mapping Opening year 1981 Climatology Marine biology Operational period Year-Round Ecology Medical research Staff at peak 20 70° 41’ 00’’ S, 08° 16’ 00’’ W, Altitude 43m Antarctic Environmental sciences Medicine Scientist at peak 40 Fishery Microbiology Germany Geocryology Oceanography Climate Lab types Geodesy Paleontology Climate zone Coastal Antarctica Biology Chemistry Geology Pollution Total annual precipitation (mm) Geology Geophysics Geomorphology Sedimentology Precipitation type Snow Scientific diving None Neumayer III, Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI) Rain Geophysics & seismology Sociology / Social science Other Meteorology, Offices GIS Soil science Neumayer-Station III is located about 20 km inland of the ice Permafrost None edge on the Ekström Ice Shelf. The Ekström Ice Shelf is a part Sporadic Communications Glaciology Terrestrial biology of Dronning Maud Land in the Atlantic Sector of Antarctica. In Continuous contrast to the previous stations, Neumayer Station III was built Discontinuous Computer E-mail about 7 m above the snow surface. Other disciplines Snow free period January Internet Printer February Meteorology. The coastal environment favours the biodiversity in the vicinity Satellite phone Scanner March of Neumayer-Station III. An Emperor penguin colony, Adélie December Telephone VHF penguins as well as Weddell seals, Skuas and other birds are Specific devices present. The Ekström Ice Shelf is surrounded by two ice covered Temperature Fax Other ridges and the ice shelf forms a bay (Atka Bay). The ice shelf is Meteorological equipment, air-chemistry lab, GPS, hydrophones Mean annual temperature (°C) -16 about 200 m thick at its front and has a velocity of 250 m/yr. beneath the ice shelf, camera for observing penguin colony. Mean temperature January (°C) -4.1 Medical facilities Long-term monitoring Mean temperature July (°C) -24.9 Facilities Yes / No Observation period start 1st January 1981 Staff medically trained Non-medical trained Meteorological observations, air-chemistry, geophysics. Observation period end 31st December 2015 person Nurse Medical doctor Access Staff with basic medical training 3 Air Sea Land in summer Staff with basic medical training 3 in winter Medical screening required Yes / No

Transportation to facility Airplane Helicopter Ship Skidoo Walking 4WD

Ski

Photos

1 - NeumayerIII Station (Credit: S Christmann)

2 - NeumayerIII Geophysics (Credit: T Steuer)

3 - NeumayerIII air chemistry (Credit: T Steuer) www.awi.de/en/expedition/stations/neumayer-station-iii.html 4 - NeumayerIII hallway (Credit: S Christmann) 103 104 Facility information Scientific disciplines Kohnen Status Open Anthropology Human biology Closed Archaeology Hydrology Facility type Station Laboratory Astrophysics Isotopic chemistry Station Camp Atmospheric sciences Limnology Area under roof (m²) 160 Climate change Mapping Opening year 2001 Climatology Marine biology Operational period Seasonal Ecology Medical research Staff at peak 4 75° 00’ 06’’ S, 0° 04’ 04’’ E, Altitude 2892m Antarctic Environmental sciences Medicine Scientist at peak 24 Fishery Microbiology Germany Geocryology Oceanography Climate Lab types Geodesy Paleontology Climate zone Inland Antarctica Biology Chemistry Geology Pollution Total annual precipitation (mm) Geology Geophysics Geomorphology Sedimentology Precipitation type Snow Scientific diving None Geophysics & seismology Sociology / Social science Kohnen, Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI) Rain Other GIS Soil science Kohnen Station is located on the Antarctic plateau at an altitude Permafrost None Communications of 2892 m. The bedrock is covered by 2782 m ice and snow. Sporadic Glaciology Terrestrial biology Computer E-mail Continuous Kohnen station is located in the interior of the Antarctica continent Discontinuous Internet Printer about 600 km away from the coast. Snow free period None Satellite phone Scanner Temperature Telephone VHF Mean annual temperature (°C) -42.2 Fax Other Mean temperature January (°C) -26 Mean temperature July (°C) -52.3 Medical facilities Observation period start 1st January 1998 Facilities Yes / No Observation period end 31st December 2004 Staff medically trained Non-medical trained person Nurse Access Medical doctor Air Sea Land Staff with basic medical training in summer Staff with basic medical training in winter Medical screening required Yes / No

Transportation to facility Airplane Helicopter Ship Skidoo Walking 4WD

Photos

1 - Kohnen drilltrench (Credit: AWI)

2 - Kohnen drilltrench (Credit: AWI) www.awi.de/en/expedition/stations/kohnen-station.html 3 - Kohnen station (Credit: AWI) 101 102 Ice-core drilling camp Beyond EPICA Little Dome C

Coordinates: Longitude: 122° 26' 42.53"E Latitude: 75° 17' 57.02"S Altitude: 3230 m all measurements from 2019/20 Short description: ice-core drilling camp

Climate: Climate zone: Antarctic plateau Total annual precipitation (mm): Precipitation type: Snow Rain Other

Permafrost: None Sporadic Continuous Discontinuous Snow free period: never Temerature (data from Concordia) Mean annual temperature (°C) "-51.7°C" Mean temperature January (°C) "-31-1°C" Mean temperature July (°C) "-62.1°C" Observation period start Observation period end

Access: Air Sea Land

Facility information: Status Open Closed Facility type Station Laboratory Camp Area under roof (m2) 300 Opening year: 2020 Operational period: 2020-2026 (summer only) Staff at peak: 5 (very variable) Scientists at peak: 15 (very variable)

Lab Types: Biology Chemistry Geology Geophysics Scientific diving Ice core drilling & analysis

Communications: Computer E-Mail Internet Printer Satellite phone Scanner Telephone VHF Fax Other

Medical facilities: Facilities Staff medically trained Non-medical trained Nurse Medical doctor Staff with basic medical training in summer 1 Staff with basic medical training in winter 0 Medical screening required yes

Transportation to facility: Airplane Helicopter Ship Skidoo Walking 4WD

Scientific disciplines: Anthropology Human biology Archeology Hydrology Astrophysics Isotopic chemistry Atmosperic science Limnology Climate change Mapping Climatology Marine biology Ecology Medical research Environmental sciences Medicine Fishery Microbiology Geocryology Oceanography Geodesy Paleontology Geology Pollution Geomorphology Sedimentology Geophysics & seismics Sociology/ Social sciences GIS Soil science Glaciology Terrestrial biology Facility information Scientific disciplines Gondwana Status Open Anthropology Human biology Closed Archaeology Hydrology Facility type Station Laboratory Astrophysics Isotopic chemistry Station Camp Atmospheric sciences Limnology Area under roof (m²) 236 Climate change Mapping Opening year 1983 Climatology Marine biology Operational period Summer only. Ecology Medical research Staff at peak 10 74° 38’ 13’’ S, 164° 13’ 27’’ E, Altitude 20m Antarctic Environmental sciences Medicine Scientist at peak 10 Fishery Microbiology Germany Geocryology Oceanography Climate Lab types Geodesy Paleontology Climate zone Coastal Antarctica Biology Chemistry Geology Pollution Total annual precipitation (mm) Geology Geophysics Geomorphology Sedimentology Precipitation type Snow Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR). Rain Scientific diving None Geophysics & seismology Sociology / Social science Other GIS Soil science Gondwana Station is located on a small peninsula at Gerlache Permafrost None Inlet, in the Terra Nova Bay area. It was erected in 1983 as a Sporadic Communications Glaciology Terrestrial biology bivouac hut, then converted into a summer station in 1989. A Continuous Computer E-mail major renovation and modernisation was carried out in the 2015- Discontinuous 16 Antarctic season. The Terra Nova Bay is part of the Ross Internet Printer Snow free period January Sea and is surrounded by the Campbell Glacier Tongue and the February Satellite phone Scanner Drygalski Ice Tongue along the coast of Victoria Land. The Terra Nova Bay is designated as an Antarctic Specially Protected Area Temperature Telephone VHF (ASPA 116). Mean annual temperature (°C) -14 Fax Other Mean temperature January (°C) -1.6 Mean temperature July (°C) -19.8 Medical facilities Observation period start 1st January 1987 Facilities Yes / No Observation period end 31st December 1991 Staff medically trained Non-medical trained person Nurse Access Medical doctor Air Sea Land Staff with basic medical training in summer Staff with basic medical training in winter Medical screening required Yes / No

Transportation to facility Airplane Helicopter Ship Skidoo Walking 4WD

Photos

1 - Gondwana Station (Credit: A. Läufer/BGR)

2 - Gondwana Station (Credit: A. Läufer/BGR) http://www.bgr.bund.de/EN/ 3 - Gondwana Station from the air (Credit: A. Läufer/BGR) 99 100