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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-87542-4 - The Fall of Napoleon: Volume 1: The Allied Invasion of France, 1813–1814 Michael V. Leggiere Index More information

Index

Act of Mediation, Ney signing of, 343 on Paris invasion, 493, 547–548 Albert, Georges (Colonel), 501 for Schwarzenberg’s maneuvers, 526 Albert, Joseph-Jean-Baptiste (General), 63–64, Alexander, proposal, 27 241 Knesebeck-Austrian scheme vs., 28 at Bonn, Silesian Army and, 27 Macdonald’s communication to, 165 Alexander, strategies, 48, 495, 496, 547 Albert, maneuvers, Russian army and, 413 Allied communications on, 441 Alexander (Tsar), 57, 135, 141, 142, 287, 526, for Allied unity, 546 539 Austria and, 49 Allied Headquarters and, 43 for Austro-Russian relations, 493 Anglo-Portuguese Army and, 35 for Belgian invasion, 412 Blucher’s¨ communications to, 252, 385 British support of, 495 Bulow¨ communication from, 409 Craig on, 49 Central Europe and, 4 France and, 30, 494, 495, 497 Coalition politics and, 496, 549 Frankfurt Proposals and, 496 France and, 545 Gneisenau’s communication on, Frederick William and, 11, 552 539 German Reich and, 48 Great Britain and, 57 Gneisenau on, 33, 560–562 Kissinger on, 49, 494 Knesebeck memo to, 34–35 Metternich and, 49, 493, 495 at Langres, 525 Mikhailovsky-Danilevsky on, Metternich on, 21, 61 545 Munster’s¨ support of, 553 Napoleon and Metternich vs., 49 Napoleon’s resistance to, 40 for Napoleon’s dethroning, 493, Pozzo di Borgo support of, 553 495 Proclamation of Kalisch and, 47–48 Nipperdey on, 49 Rhine crossing of, 331 for Poland, 493 Swiss neutrality and, 30, 32, 36 for Prussia, 5 as Three Allied monarchs, 43 Ross on, 49 Alexander and Metternich Schwarzenberg’s communications cold war between, 492 on, 49, 525–526 political differences of, 548 Wintzingerode and, 412 Alexander, communications, 534 Allies, army of, 84, 297, 441, 491 for Allied invasion, 534 Alexander and, 43 on French invasion, 493 in Alsace, 216, 296, 351 on Low Countries, 441 at Bar-sur-Aube, 528 on Napoleon’s dethroning, 494 Bulow¨ undermined by, 408

655

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-87542-4 - The Fall of Napoleon: Volume 1: The Allied Invasion of France, 1813–1814 Michael V. Leggiere Index More information

656 Index

Allies, (cont.) Napoleon’s army and, 114 Castlereagh at, 335 on St. Aubin occupation, 477 condition of, 278, 324, 328, 357, 441 Allies, invasions, 124, 130–131, 167, 488, 547, at Dusseldorf,¨ 163 550 Franche-Comte´ invasion by, 269 Alexander’s orders for, 534 French population and, 78 of Antwerp, 440 French army and, 132, 282, 288–289, 445, Augereau’s strategy and, 507 453 Bar-sur-Aube and, 531 in German campaign, 387 Beauchamp on, 298 Holland and, 103 of Belgium, 407 at Huningue, 196 Blucher’s¨ strategy for, 256–257, 263 at Leipzig, 12 Bohemian Army’s maneuvers during, 534 Lorraine’s welcome of, 385 of Breda, 183–184 Marmont’s communications on, 237, Defrance communication on, 466–467 262, 448 Dejean fears of, 355 at Metz, 349 French army and, 357–358, 360, 386, 468, Meuse crossing by, 469 476, 482, 487, 491 Milhaud threat by, 279 Gneisenau’s communication on, 536 Mortier’s reconnaissance on, 518 Grouchy on, 320, 376 at Mulhouse, 196 at Maison, 424 Napoleon and, 11, 105, 336, 486 Marmont’s communications on, 357, 375, Neapolitan army and, 131 486 Prussian strategy for, 490 Meurthe and, 354 reconnaissance in, 267, 439, 462 in Middle Rhine, 443 Rhine crossing by, 114 Mortier’s communication on, 517 Ricard report on, 237 at the Moselle, 358 Rousseau attack by, 324 Mufﬂing’s¨ communication on, 538–539 Russian Cossacks in, 128 Napoleon’s army and, 121 Sebastiani’s´ strategy and, 413 Napoleon’s communications on, 361–362, strength of, 131, 361, 446, 546 431–432, 433 toward Nancy, 339 Ney’s communications on, 354, 355–356, 359 in Upper Alsace, 297 Pireon,´ 319 Victor strategies in, 372 Schwarzenberg and, 133, 511–512, 523, Wrede’s communication on, 382 549–550, 551, 552 Allies, command, 412 Victor and, 297, 307, 320, 451, 456, 476 Caulaincourt at, 546 Allies, maneuvers, 291–298, 326, 424 Metternich’s doves and, 553 at Antwerp, 439 ordre du jour, 498 Castlereagh’s concerns over, 543 Poland and, 542 Duhesme’s communication on, 462 Schwarzenberg in, 8–9, 496 French army and, 229, 503, 525 Allies, communications, 376 at Liege,` 438 Alexander’s strategy and, 441 Macdonald’s communication on, 164 breakdown in, 267, 300, 387 Marmont’s communication on, 449 with Caulaincourt, 549 Mortier’s intelligence on, 527 Coalition forces and, 490 at the Rhine, 14 with Germany, 150 Sebastiani’s´ communication on, with Great Britain, 150 416–417 Napoleon’s hegemony and, 490 toward Langres, 505 on Victor, 306–307, 310 toward Pont-a-Mousson,` 373 Allies, intelligence, 293, 337, 489, 511 Victor and, 463, 468 on Chalons-en-Champagne,ˆ 472, 473–474 Allies, objectives Frederick William’s maneuvers and, 525 Austrian strategy vs., 42 French army and, 287, 366–367, 472, Blucher’s¨ communication on, 133 539–540 Blucher¨ vs. Schwarzenberg, 137 on Ligny, 482 Castlereagh’s memorandum on, on Luxembourg, 366 541 on Metz defense, 366 for Europe, 42 on Mortier’s army, 525 for France, 42

Index 657

Gneisenau on, 132–134 Ambert, communications, 426 Russia’s strategy vs., 42–43 Amey, Franc¸ois-Pierre-Joseph (General), 102 of Three Allied monarchs, 43 at Arnhem’s fall, 156 Allies, reconnaissance, 458–459 in Holland, 150 by Biron’s Streifkorps, 488 Oppen and, 151 Lamotte’s communication on, 466 Amsterdam by Lanskoi’s cavalry, 488 Benckendorff in, 101, 150, 157 on Mortier’s strength, 517 Lebrun in, 101 Allies, rivals Molitor in, 101 Alexander vs. Metternich, 44 Prince William in, 157 to Alsace, 117 Anglo-Austrian entente Macdonald and, 414, 415, 416, 417, 433 Anglo-Russian relations and, 57 Napoleon and, 55 Metternich’s peace proposal and, 57, 60, Allies, strategies, 547, 552 549 Arnhem and, 150 Anglo-Portuguese Army Austrian army and, 37 Alexander and, 35 Bernadotte and, 38 Bohemian Army and, 211 Bohemian Army and, 37, 255 Anglo-Prussian Army Campana and, 39 Ambert’s Army and, 426 Clausewitz’s communications on, 38, Maison’s maneuvers and, 418 441 Anglo-Russian-Prussian triumvirate, Frederick William III and, 43 Metternich and, 520 French army and, 503, 540 Anglo-Russian relations Friederich and, 39 Anglo-Austrian entente and, 57 Germany and, 45 Coalition forces and, 57 Gneisenau’s proposals and, 32–33, Metternich’s peace proposal and, 57 38 Antwerp, 440 Hesse-Homburg on, 506 Allies and, 439, 440 Janson on, 39 British maneuvers at, 440 Napoleon and, 54, 490 Bulow¨ and, 184, 409, 424, 427 for Paris invasion, 360 coup-de-main and, 428 on Rhine crossing, 112–113 Decaen in, 166–167 Stein and, 47 Graham’s maneuvers at, 439 Swiss neutrality and, 30, 31 Maison and, 420, 437 Vaudoncourt and, 39 Napoleon’s orders for, 176 Allies, strengths, 490 National Guard in, 166 Alexander’s strategy for, 546 Rouguet’s maneuvers toward, 423 at Leipzig, 124 Thumen’s¨ maneuvers at, 440 Marmont’s communication on, 461 Wintzingerode’s maneuvers at, 409 Mortier’s intelligence on, 504 Arakcheev, Aleksey Andreyevich (General), Alsace 128 as 5th Military district, 340 Archduke Ferdinand Hussar Regiment, Allies and, 117, 216, 296, 297, 351 285 French army evacuation of, 291, 294 Ardennes, 122 Grande Ballon of, 122 levee-en-masse´ in, 365 Marmont’s maneuvers toward, 443 Argonne Forest, 122 Napoleon and, 53, 114 Armistice of Plaswitz,¨ Grande Armee´ after, Schwarzenberg’s army in, 286–287 118 Victor’s retreat from, 295 Army Group Alsace, 293, 303, 313, 325, 331, Alsatian guerilla war, Schwarzenberg and, 360, 383 197 Schwarzenberg’s strategy for, 474, 519 Ambert, Jean-Jacques (General), toward Langres, 346 31st Military District, 121, 166, 181 Wittgenstein, formation of, 285 at Breda, 168 Wrede, formation of, 285 at Merxem, 424–427, 439 Army Group Franche-Comte,´ 304, 328 Ambert, army of, 426 at Dijon, 332 Anglo-Prussian Army and, 426 Army Group Franche-Comte´ maneuvers, 294 Bulow¨ and, 426 at Bresanc¸on, 286, 302

658 Index

Army Group Langres, 288, 304, 325 Bohemian Army and, 128 Blucher’s¨ support of, 383 Cordononniers surprise attack by, 113 at Chaumont, 472, 473 at Fontaine, 530 Frederick William with, 304, 313 Metternich and, 6 Schwarzenberg’s orders for, 294 Mortier’s intelligence on, 521–522 Thurn’s Streifkorps as, 286 Neuf-Brisach surprise attack by, 113 toward Troyes, 474 Radetzky’s memorandum and, 17 Army Group Vosges, 293, 316, 320, 321 Schwarzenberg and, 5 Barclay de Tolly and, 206, 210, 274, 282, 286, Austria, general staff, 287 293, 303 French invasion and, 34 dissolution of, 324 Murat and, 34 Platov’s Cossack Corps and, 293 Paris invasion and, 540–541 Russo-Prussian Guard and Reserve of, 274, Radetzky’s proposal and, 24 286, 302, 304 Austrian corps, in German I Corps, 126 Sherbatov’s Streifkorps leading, 302 Austria, politics Arnhem, 152 Beauchamp and, 24 Allied strategy and, 150 Chalon-sur-Saoneˆ and, 507 Amey at, 156 in Disposition of 6–8 January 1814, 287 Bulow¨ at, 154–155, 156–157 Francis I and, 43 Charpentier at, 153–154, 155, 156 Hardenberg and, 47 Colomb’s Streifkorps at, 155 Napoleonic France and, 288, 496 French occupation of, 152 Austria, strategies, 61, 506 Landwehr battalions at, 155 Allied objective vs., 42 Leib Hussars at, 155 at Lyon, 509–510 Macdonald in, 153, 154 Metternich and, 52 Marie at, 156 Austro-Bavarian Army Oppen at, 152, 153, 156 Lheritier’s´ communication on, 466 Prussian army in, 156 Milhaud’s reconnaissance of, 378 Zastrow at, 156 Napoleon’s army vs., 13 Arrighi de Casanova, Jean-Tousant (General), Austro-Bavarian Streifkorps, 189 63–64, 178 Austro-Italian Army, 71 Macdonald’s communication to, 165 Bohemian Army union with, 551 Auer, Louis von (Captain), 146 Austro-Russian relations Augereau, Piere François (Marshal), 507, 511 Alexander’s strategy for, 493 Allied invasion and, 507 Radetzky and, 17 Lyon and, 508, 511 Switzerland and, 32 Napoleon’s orders for, 507 Austro-Turkish War, 137 Austerlitz, 6–7 Avy, Antoine-Sylvain (General), 425–426 Austria Aymard, Antoine (General), 422 Adriatic coast and, 8 Alexander’s political objective without, 49 Baccarat, 308 Bohemian Army and, 127 French army at, 332, 354 British alliance with, 545 Victor’s maneuvers at, 311 European vs. Germanic power, 47 Bacharach, 229, 239–240 French invasion and, 29–30 Bachasson, Jean-Pierre, 80 Italy and, 24 Badenese Dragoon squadrons, Janson on, 39 280, 303, 315 Max-Joseph and, 45 Baltazar, Jacques-Henry, 111 Metternich and, 6 Barclay de Tolly, Michael Andreas Napoleon and, 1, 547 (General), 128 during Revolutionary War, 40 Bar-le-Duc Roloff and, 39–40 Marmont’s army at, 480, 486 Russo-Prussian force and, 549 Ney’s maneuvers toward, 453 Sixth Coalition and, 8, 44 Barrois, Pierre (General), 420 Swiss neutrality and, 30, 36 Maison’s strategy on, 423 Austria, army of, 191, 207, 269, 273 Bar-sur-Aube, 522 Allied strategy and, 37 Allied Army at, 528, 531 Basel operation and, 188 Aube flooding in, 522 at Besançon, 269 Frederick William’s maneuvers at, 528

Index 659

Gyulay at, 528, 531 Streifkorps of, 406 Mortier and, 522, 527–528, 531–532 Bennigsen, Levin August Theopile (General) Napoleon’s strategy for, 526 at Leipzig, 12 Schwarzenberg and, 526, 532 Polish Army and, 11 Basel, 188–189 Berckheim, Sigismond-Frederic´ de (General), Austrian army and, 188 207 Bavarian army and, 193 in Napoleon’s insurrection, 74 Swiss army and, 188 Berlin, Army of Bas-Rhin Department, 202 Napoleon and, 9, 10, 442 Chouard in, 218 Ney and, 9, 10 Battle of Nations, 11 Oudinot and, 9 Bautzen, 7 Bernadotte, Jean-Baptiste (Crown Prince), 145, Bavaria, army of, 125, 319–320 146, 163, 175, 186–187 Basal Bridge crossing by, 193 Allied Army and, 38 at Huningue, 213 Bohemian Army and, 22 Mobile Legion of, 125 Boyen’s communication to, 185 Schwarzenberg’s maneuvers vs., 138 Bulow’s¨ strategy and, 186 Beauchamp, Alphonse de French invasion and, 29 on Allied invasion, 298 at Gottingen,¨ 145 Austrian Plan and, 24 in Holland, 131, 150 on French insurrection, 254 at Leipzig, 12 on National Guard, 72 as Napoleon’s replacement, 333, 493–494 the Rhine and, 63 North German Army of, 9 Beauharnais, Eugene de, 71 Wintzingerode and, 162–163, 410, 411 Beaupoil de St. Aulaire, Louis-Claire (Prefect), Berthier, communications, 487 453 on French defense, 364, 432, 480 of the Meuse, 453 to Grouchy, 295 Becker, Karl (General), 192 to Kellermann, 300 at Huningue, 193 Marmont and, 204, 208, 447 Behaine,´ Lefebvre de, 113, 137, 279 Napoleon and, 335, 364, 446, 447 on Colmar, 202, 277 Victor’s retreat and, 312, 447, 483 on French defense, 197, 317 Berthier, Louis-Alexandre (Marshal), 66, 177, on Prussian Army, 161 274, 335–336, 472 on Victor, 279, 290, 296, 338, 385, 470 Macdonald’s communications to, 158, Belgium, 408 164–165, 181–182, 433 Boyen’s communication on, 185 Marmot’s communications to, 235, 244, Bulow’s¨ proclamation to, 564–565 250–251 French loyalty to, 407 Napoleon and, 117, 180, 299–300 Holland’s acquisition in, 492 Ney’s communications to, 298 Macdonald’s strategy in, 412, 416 toward Chalons-en-Champagne,ˆ 436 Maison’s communication on, 438 Victor and, 279, 289, 297, 470, 570–572 Belgium, army of, 408 Berthier, orders, 483, 487 Bulow¨ and, 408, 410, 418 to Belliard, 336 Belgium, invasions, 407 for Chaumont, 522 Alexander’s strategy for, 412 for French army, 480, 487, 523 British strategy in, 421 for Langres’ defense, 522 Bulow’s¨ strategy for, 421 for Ligny defense, 479 Fortescue on, 421 for Lower Rhine, 167 Bellegarde, Heinrich (General), 34 Vasilchokov and, 481 Belliard, Auguste-Daniel (Colonel-General), to Victor, 335–336, 483–484, 485, 488 236 Bertrand, Henri-Gatien (General), 63–64 Berthier’s orders to, 336 Besanc¸on Belloguet, Mansuy-Dominique Roget de Army Group Franche-Comte´ and, 286, 302 (General), 373 Austrian Reserve Corps at, 269 Benckendorff, Alexander Khristoforvich Liechtenstein’s blockade of, 503 (General), 100, 167–168 Musnier at, 269 in Amsterdam, 101, 150, 157 Schwarzenberg’s reconnoiter of, 329 at Breda, 183 Thurn’s Streifkorps at, 270 in Holland, 168 Valence at, 284

660 Index

Beugnot, Jean-Claude, 63 Metternich on, 330 Bianchi, Friedrich (General), 143, 191 Napoleon and, 9, 363 Bieberstein (Major) Prenzlau surrender by, 135 Landwehr battalions of, 252 Schwarzenberg and, 287, 330–331, 333 on Saarlouis, 395 as Silesian Army commander, 9, 20 Bigarre,´ Auguste-Julien (General), 153 Trachenberg Plan and, 9 at Nijmegen, 156–157 Wrede strategies and, 381 Bignon, Louis-Pierre-Edouard, 111 Yorck support by, 405 Biron, Streifkorps of, 231, 243, 244, 253, 348 Blucher,¨ maneuvers, 233–234, 246, 261, 380, Allied reconnaissance by, 488 443, 459 French Army pursuit by, 264, 367–368 coup-de-main and, 374 at Homburg, 251 of Marmont’s army, 443 Nancy invasion by, 367–368 at the Rhine, 200–201, 219–220, 223–224, at Toul, 445 225, 254 Victor’s army and, 458 of Ricard’s army, 443 Bischwiller, 280, 289 at the Saar, 346, 347 Bistrom, Adam Ivanovich, II (General), 232 Sebastiani’s´ communications on, 413–414 Blucher,¨ army of, 129, 134–137, 187, 223, 266, toward Kreuznach, 234 267, 268 toward Lorraine, 443 at Chateau-Salins,ˆ 384 toward Nancy, 379 French army and, 346, 459 Blucher,¨ strategies, 136–137, 256, 389, 445, 489 at Kaiserslautern, 251 for Allied invasion, 256–257, 263 in Leipzig, 12 at Chalons-en-Champagne,ˆ 380, 472, 475 in Low Countries, 441 French Army and, 225, 257, 392, 401 Macdonald defeat by, 9 for French invasion, 234, 238–239, Marne crossing by, 488 245–246 in Nancy, 384, 465 at Metz, 389, 401 Napoleon and, 18–19, 432–433, 437 for the Meuse bridges, 474 Radetzky’s proposal and, 23 Mufﬂing¨ on, 472–473, 490 Rhine crossing by, 230, 274 for Nancy, 380 at Saarbrucken,¨ 265, 347 Napoleon and, 403, 553 in St. Avold, 348 for Paris invasion, 379, 489 Schwarzenberg’s strategy for, 381, 383 at Saar fortresses, 389 Silesian Army and, 135–136 for Silesian Army, 403 Wrede’s strategy for, 381 Yorck and, 241, 251, 392, 393, 402–403 Blucher,¨ communications, 254, 264, 346, 380 Bohemia, Army of, 175, 198, 497, 523–524 to Alexander, 252, 385 Allied Army and, 37, 255, 534 on Allied objective, 133 Anglo-Portuguese Army link, 211 on Bohemian Army, 379 Austria and, 127, 128 on Champagne Disposition, 403 Austro-Italian Army and, 551 on French defense, 366 Blucher’s¨ communication on, 379 on invasion proclamation, 219–220, 234 of Crown Prince Bernadotte, 22 on Ligny, 482 Franche-Comte´ invasion by, 269–270 to Lorraine populace, 385 German Corps I-VIII in, 126–127 on Luxembourg frontal attack, 392 Infantry Brigades in, 128 on Marmont’s retreat, 381 Knesebeck-Austrian plan and, 34 on Metz siege, 389 Langenau and, 139, 550 on Napoleon’s command, 473 at Leipzig, 127 to Schwarzenberg, 256–257 Light Divisions in, 127 on Silesian Army, 365 maneuvers by, 201, 255, 271, 291, 302 on Victor’s retreat, 381 Napoleon and, 10, 13, 14 on Wintzingerode, 163, 365 Prussian Guard Cavalry in, 128 Wrede and, 255, 473 Radetzky and, 17, 23 to Yorck, 251, 401, 402 at the Rhine, 182 Blucher,¨ Gebhard Leberecht (Field-Marshal), Russian army in, 127–128 135, 136, 330, 332, 347, 348, 365–366 Russo-Prussian Guard and Reserve in, 128 Army Group Langres support by, 383 Scheibler’s Streifkorps and, 210 French invasion by, 265 Schwarzenberg and, 10, 143–144, 256, 497

Index 661

Silesian Army support of, 267 Uhlan Regiment, 251, 265, 348 Vandamme and, 10 Brayer, Michael-Sylvestre (General), 92 Victor’s communication on, 483 Breda Wittgenstein’s army into, 303 Allied defense of, 183–184 Bommelerwaard, 168–169 Benckendorff at, 183 Napoleon’s orders for, 176 Bulow’s¨ maneuvers around, 419 Prussian Army in, 177 Colomb’s Streifkorps at, 183 Bonaparte, Caroline, 71 Gagarin at, 183 Queen of Naples, 1 Jager¨ regiments at, 183 Bonaparte, Jerome, King of Westphalia, 1 Krafft at, 183–184 Bonaparte, Joseph, King of Spain, 1, 2 Lefebvre-Desnouette at, 183 Bonaparte, Louis, 100 Napoleon’s orders for, 177, 181 King of Holland, 1 Rouguet at, 183 Bonaparte, Marie Louise, 3, 68, 78, 542 Breslau treaty, 5, 59 Napoleon and, 3, 68, 78 Briche, Andre-Louis-Elisabeth-Marie´ Schwarzenberg and, 138 (General), 309 Bonaparte, Napoleon. See Napoleon Briche, Dragoon division of, 311, 312, 338, Bonapartism, Jacobinism vs., 80 462, 475 Bonapartist monarchy, 100 at Commercy, 451, 469 Bordessoulle, Etienne (General), 92 Fabvier’s communication with, 458 Borodino, 4 at Toul, 370, 378 Borozdin, Nikolay Mikhailovich, II (General), Brumaire coup, 90 384 Brussels, 439 at Metz, 384, 389, 399 Bry, Jean-Antoine-Joseph de (Prefect), 269, 284 Borstell, Karl Heinrich (General), 146, 175, Bubna, Ferdinand (General), 328–329, 507, 510 408, 421–422 Bourg resistance to, 328 Bulow¨ on, 422 Dijon and, 294, 304 French army and, 422 Disposition of 6–8 January 1814 and, 294 at Hoogstraten, 421 Dole and, 271 at Neuss, 160 French Army and, 269 at Wesel, 160 Geneva and, 212, 511 Bouches-du-Rhin Department, Lyon and, 286, 506, 509, 510 414 maneuvers of, 281, 302, 328, 508–509, 511 Bourbonne-les-Bains, 505 Schwarzenberg and, 212, 302 Bourbon restoration, 546 Bulow,¨ army of, 186, 439 Munster¨ and, 553 Ambert and, 426 Bourbon sympathizers, 78 in Arnhem, 154–155, 156–157 Gneisenau’s communication on, in Holland, 158–159 536 Napoleon’s strategy and, 363 Jacobin government and, 79 in Utrecht, 159 Bourg-en-Bresse, 328 in Zundert, 419 Musnier at, 294 Bulow,¨ communications, 409 Bourke, Jean-Raymond-Charles (General), 156 to Alexander, 409 Bourmont, Louis-Auguste-Victor de to Belgium, 564–565 (General), 514 Belgium and, 408, 410 Boyen, Hermann (Colonel), 38, 135, on Borstell’s maneuvers, 422 184–186 on French invasion, 440 Belgium and, 185 to Holland, 147, 563–564 on Bernadotte, 185 on Oppen’s maneuvers, 423 in Holland, 167 on Thumen’s¨ maneuvers, 427 Jacobi-Klost¨ and, 185 on Wintzingerode promotion, 411 Low Countries and, 185, 406 Bulow,¨ Friedrich Wilhelm (General), 19, with Prussian General Staff, 407 145–148, 168–169, 173, 174–175, 178, on Wintzingerode’s promotion, 411 183–185, 408 Brandenburg Allied Headquarters and, 408 Cuirassier Regiment, 395, 397, 398 Dutch and, 159, 160, 167, 169 Dragoons, 157 Fain on, 187 Fusilier Battalion, 229, 239, 240 as “Frederician” ofﬁcer, 404

662 Index

Bulow,¨ (cont.) Polish-Saxon crisis and, 58–59 as Governor-General of Westphalia, 145 Reichenbach Protocol and, 57 Graham and, 406, 418 Cathcart, William (Ambassador), 57 Holland invasion plans of, 146 Caulaincourt, Armand (Foreign Minister), 66, Order of the Red Eagle for, 408 133, 288, 298, 299 Wintzingerode and, 163, 411 Allied Army and, 546, 549 Bulow,¨ maneuvers, 438–439 in Colmar, 202 Fortescue on, 427 Congress of Prague and, 52 Graham on, 427 Frankfurt Proposals and, 546 Macdonald and, 418 Metternich’s peace proposal and, 53–54 Maison’s strategy and, 419 Caulaincourt, communications, 340, 454 from Merxem, 427 on Haut-Rhin Department, 217 toward Antwerp, 427 on levee-en-masse,´ 298 toward Breda, 419 on Napoleon, 217, 309, 359, 453–454 toward France, 440 on Victor, 217, 301, 341 Bulow,¨ strategies, 158, 162, 186–187, 409, 419, Central Executive Department, 47 427, 441 Cernay at Antwerp, 184, 409, 424 Frederick William at, 293 Belgium and, 418, 421 Wrede’s army at, 275 Bernadotte and, 186 Chalaines, 459 at France, 409 Chalons-en-Champagneˆ Graham’s communication on, 407 Allied intelligence on, 472, 473–474 for Holland, 409 Berthier’s maneuvers toward, 436 at Lorraine, 348 Blucher’s¨ strategy at, 380, 472, 475 for Low Countries, 146, 406, 408–409 French army in, 390 Napoleon and, 23 Macdonald’s maneuvers toward, 402 at Wijnegem, 426–427 Napoleon and, 464, 486, 487 Wintzingerode’s role in, 409 Platov’s maneuvers toward, 445, 454 Burghersh, communications, 536 Sacken’s maneuvers toward, 402 Burgsdorf, Friederich (Captain), 157 Schwarzenberg’s strategy at, 474, 519 Bussang Pass, 292, 316 Sherbatov and, 384, 474 Chalon-sur-Saone,ˆ 507 Campana, Ignace Chambarlhac de Laubespin, Jacques-Antoine Allied strategy and, 39 (General), 424 on French marshalate, 364 Chambery´ on Napoleon’s “General Instructions,” 364 French retreat from, 510 on Schwarzenberg, 139 Zechmeister in, 510 Campo Formio treaty, 54 Champagne Disposition, 404 Capelle, Guillaume-Antoine-Benoˆıt (Prefect), Blucher’s¨ communication on, 403 212 Gneisenau’s strategy for, 403 Carl (Prince of Mecklenburg-Strelitz), 243 Prince William and, 398 Cassagne, Pierre (General), 279, 340 Yorck and, 389–390, 392, 394 Castex, Bertrand-Pierre (General), 183 Chancel, Theophile´ (Colonel), 188–189 Castlereagh, memorandums, 542 Chandler, David, 70 on Allied objectives, 541 Chaptal, Jean-Antoine Kissinger on, 541, 542 (Extraordinary-Commissioner), 507 for Low Countries, 541–542 Charpentier, Henri-Franc¸ois (General), 63, 88, Metternich’s support by, 542 91, 92, 110 Napoleon and, 541 Arnhem and, 153–154, 155, 156 on Prussian strategy, 406 at Lichtenbeek, 153 Russian hegemony and, 544 Chasset, Charles-Antoine (Senator), 75 Castlereagh, Robert Stewart Viscount (For Chateau-Salinsˆ eign Minister), 175, 543 Blucher¨ at, 384 at Allied Army Headquarters, 335 Sacken at, 383–384 Cathcart and, 57 Chatenay-Vaudin, Albert at, 501 on Coalition politics, 542, 543 Chaudenay, 503 Gneisenau’s proposals to, 16 Crenneville’s army at, 501 Metternich and, 56–57, 542, 544 Chaudron, Franc¸ois-Louis, 379

Index 663

Chaumont, 516 Letort at, 530 Army Group Langres at, 472, 473 Mortier’s after-action report on, 529–530 Berthier’s orders for, 522 Stockmayer’s maneuvers at, 528 Frederick William and, 516, 517–518, 523 Commercy, Briche at, 451, 469 French Army and, 515, 518 Confederation of the Rhine, 48 Jager¨ regiments at, 517 German post-war policy and, 46 Jett’s army and, 515, 516, 518 Hardenberg and, 7 Mortier’s evacuation of, 518, 521 Nesselrode and, 7 Schwarzenberg’s at, 515 Congress of Prague, 52 Wurttembergers¨ at, 517 Congress of Vienna, 21 Chernishev, Alexander Ivanovich (General), Contamine Theodor´ (Colonel), 454 410, 430–431 Grouchy’s strategy for, 457 Chevallerie, von der (Lt.), 258 Legion of Honor and, 312 Choisy, Jacques-Robert (General), 238 Platov and, 454 Chouard, Louis-Claude (General), 218 Victor, communications of, 456 Christiani, Joseph (General), 396, 504 Councillors of State, 82 Fontaine’s counteroffensive by, 530–531 Count Brandenburg. See Wilhelm, Friedrich Civic Guard, 106 coup-de-main Clarke, Henry-Jacques-Guillaume, 71 Antwerp defense and, 428 on Imperial Decree, 432 Blucher,¨ maneuvers and, 374 Napoleon’s orders to, 115–116, 205, 365 by Thurn-Taxis, 270, 294 Clausewitz, Carl Craig, Gordon, 49 Allied strategy and, 38, 441 Crenneville, Ludwig Karl (General), 143, 326 Gneisenau and, 16–17, 555–556 Albert and, 501 kulminationspunkte and, 15, 441 at Chaudenay, 501 Schwarzenberg and, 334, 519 Curely, Jean-Nicolas (Colonel), 263 on Wintzingerode’s maneuvers, 441 Manheulles retreat by, 460 Clausewitz, Friedrich (Major), 155 Curial, Philibert-Jean-Babtiste-François Coalition, forces, 132 (General), 104, 299 Allied proclamations and, 490 Anglo-Russian relations and, 57 d’Albignac, Jean-Philippe-Aimar (Colonel), French population and, 78 236 Langenau’s communication on, 550–551 Dard, François (Colonel), 466 Napoleon’s resistance to, 40 Daru, Pierre-Antoine-Noel-Brunno,¨ 117 Victor’s communication on, 476 d’Audenarde, Charles-Eugene` Lalaing Coalition, politics, 514, 549 (General), 234 Alexander and, 496, 549 Davout, Louis Nicolas (Marshal), 27, 145 Castlereagh on, 542, 543 Decaen, Charles-Mathieu-Isidore (General), Francis I and, 545 166–167 French uprising and, 491 as Belgium Commander in Chief, 166 Colchen, Jean-Victor (Senator), 339, 340 Decouz, Pierre (General), 349 in Lorraine, 357 Meynadier and, 449 Collaert, Jean-Antoine (General), 196 St. Mihiel and, 480 at Ste. Croix, 197 Defrance, Jean-Marie-Antoine (General), 311, Colmar, 201–202 463, 466–467 Caulaincourt in, 202 Allied invasion and, 466–467 Forestier in, 202 Grouchy and, 457, 467 Frimont and, 277 as Honor Guard commander, 354 Milhaud retreat from, 277, 278 for Lheritier’s´ 4th Dragoon Division, Montel´ egier´ at, 196 465 Wrede’s army at, 278 Russian army and, 467 Colomb, Friedrich (Major), Streifkorps of, Sherbatov’s Streifkorps and, 457 152, 153, 154, 168, 417 Victor’s retreat and, 468, 469 at Arnhem, 155 Dejean, Pierre-François-Marie-Auguste at Breda, 183 (General), 115, 301, 368 Macdonald’s maneuvers and, 418 on Allied invasion, 355 Colombey-les-deux-Eglies´ on French marshalate, 360, 452–453 Frederick William’s headquarters at, 530 on Napoleon’s absence, 452

664 Index

Delamotte, Peter (General), 192 Dutch insurrection Delaroche, Jean-Baptiste-Gregoire´ (General), Bulow¨ and, 169 295 Napoleon’s army and, 99 Delort, Marie-Joseph (General), 70 Dutch levee,´ 160 Deroy, Franz Xayer (General), 291, 318 Dutch war effort, 184. See also Holland Duhesme and, 325 Bulow¨ on, 160, 167 toward St. Die,´ 317 Duyn and, 100 Dessaix, Joseph-Marie (General), 295 Hogendorp and, 100 Deutschlands Gefahren und Hoffnungen: Stanhope on, 160 An Germaniens Jugend (Jacobs), Duvigneau, Bernard-Etienne-Marie (General), 206 292 d’Ideville, Elisabeth-Louis-Franc´ ¸ois Lelorgne, Duyn, A. van der, 100 111 Dijon East Prussian Fusilier battalion, at Wijnegem, Army Group Franche-Comteat,´ 332 425 Bubna’s maneuvers toward, 294, 304 East Prussian Regiment, 393 Hesse-Homburg’s maneuvers toward, Eclaz, Joseph Bouvier des (General), 101 516 Egyptian Campaign, 343 Disposition of 6–8 January 1814, 286 Elbe Regiment, 172 Austrian politics in, 287 Epinal´ Bubna and, 294 Frederick William at, 321 Frederick William and, 292 Napoleon’s orders for, 342 Schwarzenberg and, 285, 287 Platov and, 302, 321 d’Ivoy, Paulze, 91–92 Rousseau at, 323, 338 Doazan, Jean-Marie-Ther´ ese` (Prefect), 232, Wrede’s army at, 360 236 Wurttembergers¨ at, 293, 316 Doesburg, 149, 152 equipment shortages Dombrowski, Jean-Henri (General), 65 in Napoleon’s army, 73–74 Don Cossack Regiment, 194, 196, 210 in National Guard, 74 Doring,¨ Christoph Friedrich David (General), Thiers on, 73 321, 323 Erfurt Conference, 3 Dornberg,¨ Wilhelm (General), 134 Eugene of Savoy (Prince), 30 Doumerc, Jean-Pierre, I (General), 65, Eugene’s Infantry Corps, 346 252 Europe, 1, 42 at Siersberg, 249–250 Metternich’s post-war policy and, 46 toward Mutterstadt, 234–235 Napoleonic France and, 542 Drouot, Antoine (General), 66 Extraordinary-Commissioners Droysen, Johann Gustav, 243 levee-en-masse´ and, 79 Duhesme, Guillaume Philibert (Colonel), 317, National Guard and, 79 319, 337 Allies and, 462 Fabvier, Charles-Nicolas (Colonel) Deroy’s pursuit of, 325 Briche’s Dragoons and, 458 Ligny and, 475, 479, 485 Russian Cossacks and, 458 Pagny-sur-Meuse and, 378 Fain, Agathon-Jean-François, 60, 101 Victor and, 462–463, 469 on Bulow,¨ 187 Duka, Ilya Mikhailovich (General), 505, on French retreat, 336 517 Falkenhausen Streifkorps, 435, 437 French skirmishes by, 517 Macdonald and, 435 Duka von Kadar, Peter, 24 Fane, John (Lord Burghersh), 24 Duke of Elchingen, 344. See also Ney Ferino,´ Pierre-Marie-Bartholome´ (General), Durutte, Pierre-François-Joseph (General), 101 208 Fifth Coalition War, 3, 138 French Army and, 236 Marmont in, 85 at Mainz-Koblenz, 231 Russian involvement in, 3 Metz defense by, 399 Flamand, Jean-François (General), 421–422 at Saarbrucken,¨ 245, 250 Flavigny, Alezandre-Andre´ de (Prefect), Dusseldorf,¨ 163 213 Dutch Brabant, 168 levee-en-masse´ and, 284

Index 665

Sherbatov’s Cossacks and, 324 Austria and, 29–30 Vosges Department and, 279, 565 Austrian General Staff and, 34 Fleury de Chaboulon, Pierre-Alexandre at Bar-sur-Aube, 531 Edoyard (Sub-Prefect), 352, 354 Bernadotte and, 29 Fontaine, 530–531 by Blucher’s¨ army, 265, 459 Austrian Army at, 530 Blucher’s¨ strategy for, 234, 238–239, 245–246 Forbach, 347 Bulow’s¨ communication on, 440 Forestier, Franc¸ois-Louis (General), 201, 202 Frederick William and, 29 Fortescue, John, 159 Hardenberg and, 29 on Belgium, 421 Metternich’s strategy on, 493 on Bulow’s¨ retreat, 427 Neuss and, 161 Ft. d’Alsace, Wittgenstein at, 273 by Sacken’s army, 459 Ft. St. Andries, 170, 172 by Schwarzenberg’s army, 34 Ft. Vauban, 273 of Sherbatov’s Streifkorps, 312 Jager¨ regiments at, 272 France, army maneuvers, 345–346, 436 Wittgenstein at, 272 Allied intelligence on, 472 Fourth Coalition War, 1 of Bouches-du-Rhin Department, 414 Mortier in, 500 from Chambery,´ 510 Ney rebuke over, 343 of Chaumont, 515 France, 266, 549. See also Napoleonic France Gyulay’s army and, 514 Alexander and, 545 at Lyon, 509–510 Allied objective for, 42 Macdonald’s communication on, 412–413 Belgium loyalty and, 407 Schwarzenberg and, 334 Bulow¨ and, 409, 440 Victor’s strategy for, 482 Metternich and, 61 with Wurttembergers,¨ 525 Napoleon and, 1 France, army marshalate, 355, 360, 385, 386, Russia’s strategy and, 553 387, 429–430, 444, 445, 447, 449 Schwarzenberg and, 24, 189, 205 Allies and, 386, 445, 491 Wrede’s army in, 191–192 Berthier’s orders for, 487 France, army cavalry, 354–355, 368, 446 blunders by, 386, 444, 451, 489, 491 Macdonald’s strategy for, 435–436 Campana on, 364 Sherbatov’s Ural Cossack Regiment and, 292 in Chaumont, 518 Victor’s communications on, 377 communication breakdowns by, 359, 375, France, army defeats 444 Alexander’s strategy for, 495, 497 Dejean’s communications on, 360, 452–453 Metternich’s peace proposal and, 492 General Instructions and, 364–365 France, army defenses, 266, 452 Marmont and, 444, 449–451 Allies and, 287, 288–289, 366–367 morale of, 386, 445, 454, 468, 491 Berthier and, 364, 432, 472, 480 Napoleon and, 362, 363, 428–429, 442, 446, Blucher’s¨ communication on, 366 448, 463 Contamine’s communication on, 454 Napoleonic principles of war and, 180 Defrance’s communication on, 466–467 Ney’s criticism of, 444 of Ft. Vauban, 273 Victor’s criticism of, 444 of Lorraine, 340, 367 France, army of, 224, 254, 256, 280, 310, Mortier’s communication on, 504 319–320, 338, 349, 356, 367, 369, 385, 423, of Nancy, 358 433–434 Napoleon’s orders for, 506 Allies and, 229, 490, 539–540 Prussian General Staff and, 407 Alsace evacuation by, 291, 294 Sacken’s communication on, 459 Austrian strategy for, 506 Victor’s communication on, 452 Belgian hostility towards, 434 France, army intelligence, 376, 463 Biron’s Steifkorps pursuit of, 264, 367–368 Allies and, 360, 476, 482, 503 Blucher¨ and, 225, 257, 346, 392, 401 Berthier’s orders for, 523 in Chalons-en-Champagne,ˆ 390 Marmont’s communication on, 461 Durutte support by, 236 Victor’s strategy for, 469 Lier evacuation by, 439 France, army invasions, 159 Napoleon and, 336, 365, 447, 488 Alexander and, 30, 493 Ney’s communications on, 356 Allied maneuvers in, 525 Prussia and, 134, 349, 425, 430, 440

666 Index

France, (cont.) in Nancy, 339 Russian army and, 413 Thiers on, 78 Schwarzenberg’s communications on, Victor’s retreat and, 295 302–303, 330 Franche-Comte´ Sherbatov and, 312, 457 Bohemian Army invasion of, 269–270 Suchet’s reinforcements to, 330 French resistance in, 284 Thurn’s report on, 505 Schwarzenberg and, 221, 305 Wurttembergers¨ and, 523 Francis I (Kaiser), 3, 141, 545 France, Army of Portugal, 86 Austrian policy and, 43 France, army reconnaissance, 503 Duka and, 24 Allies and, 453, 462, 503 in Frankfurt, 21 at Chaudenay, 503 on levee-en-masse,´ 498 by Lheritier’s´ 4th Dragoon Division, 466 Metternich’s communications to, 21, 548 of Ligny, 485 Napoleon and, 6, 7, 49 Marmont’s orders for, 462 as Three Allied monarchs, 43 by Ney, 453 Franco-Russian relations, 3, 4 Ney’s communication on, 453 Franco-Swiss alliance, 32 on Wurttembergers,¨ 514 Frankfurt France, army retreats, 433, 436 Francis I and, 21 from Baccarat, 354 as Grand Allied Headquarters, 21 Berthier’s orders for, 480 Schwarzenberg and, 21 Fain on, 336 Frankfurt Declaration, 62, 563 Grouchy’s communication on, 456 Napoleon, Metternich peace and, 62 to Longeville, 348 Frankfurt Proposals, 61, 335, 492, 494 Macdonald’s communication on, 434–435 Alexander and, 496 to Manheulles, 460 British strategy and, 59 Napoleon’s communication on, 361 Caulaincourt and, 546 to Raon-l’Etape,´ 302 Hardenberg and, 57 Russian army and, 431 Metternich and, 52, 53, 61, 495, 496, 520, 552 from Sarrebourg, 354 Napoleon and, 52, 54, 59, 60, 141 from Thionville, 367 Stewart and, 58 France, army strategies, 495 Franquemont, Friedrich (General), 126, Alexander’s political objective and, 497 321, 322 Allied invasion and, 487 Frederick of Wurttemberg¨ (King), 125, in Franche-Comte,´ 284 275 at Friedland, 344 Fulda treaty and, 46 at Geneva, 295 Kraehe on, 125 to Sherbatov’s attack, 485 Frederick William II (King), 134 France, economy, 76, 205 Frederick William III (King), 4, 15, 134, Napoleon and, 75, 77, 80 146, 199, 316, 317, 323, 324 France, insurrections Alexander and, 11, 552 Allied Army and, 132 Allied failure fears and, 43 Beauchamp on, 254 France vs., 5 Napoleon’s orders for, 218 French invasion and, 29 Schwarzenberg and, 282, 284 Gneisenau proposal and, 15–16, 28 France, politics Hardenberg rebuke by, 335 Alexander’s strategy for, 494 to Knesebeck, 34 Allied interference in, 547 Napoleon and, 7, 515, 552 Macdonald on, 180–181 Frederick William (Crown Prince of Metternich and, 494 Wurttemberg),¨ 199, 206, 213, 225, 275, France, population, 76, 78, 282, 339, 432, 259, 290, 360, 366, 367 491 after-action report by, 322 Allies and, 78, 282, 357–358, 468, 540 Allied intelligence and, 525 Coalition and, 78, 491 with Army Group Langres, 304, 313 French Army and, 385, 454 at Bar-sur-Aube, 528 Junot on, 536–537 at Bussang Pass, 292, 316 in Langres, 512 at Cernay, 293 levee-en-masse´ and, 334, 492 at Chaumont, 516, 517–518, 523

Index 667

at Colombey-les-deux-Eglies,´ 530 Allies and, 45, 150, 387 Disposition of 6–8 January 1814 and, 292 Metternich’s peace proposal and, 54 at Epinal,´ 321 Ney in, 342 Frederick William, maneuvers, 528 Teplitz Accords and, 48 at Lebach, 252 Gill, John, 125 at Metz, 366, 389, 398, 401–402, 404 Gneisenau, August Wilhelm Anton (General), Mortier’s army and, 525, 527 15, 132, 246 at Remiremont, 321 on Allied objective, 132–134 to Schwarzenberg, 316–317 Clausewitz’s letter to, 555–556 as Three Allied monarchs, 43 on Holland’s liberation, 147 toward Bourbonne-les-Bains, 505 on Knesebeck’ proposal, 25, 26–27 Vosges evacuation by, 338 Metternich’s strategy and, 52 French optical tel´ egraphique´ , 274 Radetzky’s proposal and, 25 Fresnel, Ferdinand Peter de (General), Yorck and, 404, 405 504 Gneisenau, communications, 539 Fresnes Alexander and, 33, 539, 560–562 Jurgaß¨ in, 460 on Allied invasion, 536 Lithuanian Dragoon Regiment in, 460 on Bourbon sympathizers, 536 Freytag, Franc¸ois-Xavier-Jacob (General), 368 to Castlereagh, 16 Friant, Louis (General), 498 Knesebeck and, 34, 566–568 fricoteurs, 14 on Luxembourg frontal attack, 392 Friederich, Rudolf (Major), 39, 132 Napoleon and, 540 Friedland, 344 on Paris invasion, 537 Friesenheim, 226 to Radetzky, 566 Frimont, Johann (General), 126, 198 on Schwarzenberg’s strategy, 383 Colmar and, 277 on Valory, 536 at Rixheim, 194 on Yorck’s strategy, 395 Schwarzenberg’s Uhlan Regiment as, 277 Gneisenau, proposals, 26, 33 frontier fortresses, 432 Allied strategy and, 32–33, 38 Napoleon’s strategy on, 432 Clausewitz opposition to, 16–17 Fulda treaty, 46 Frederick William and, 15–16, 28 Fusilier Battalion, 265 House of Orange and, 27 Knesebeck and, 23, 25, 538 Gagarin (Prince), 183 Napoleon and, 15–16, 22 Gency, Claude-Ursule (General), 169, 172–173 North German Army and, 28 General Bonaparte, 336, 365. See also Radetzky’s opposition to, 33 Napoleon, absence Silesian Army and, 16, 20, 28 Army command by, 335 Stewart and, 16 in First Italian Campaign, 342 Gneisenau, strategies, 348, 489 Marmont’s army and, 351 for Champagne Disposition, 403 in Second Italian Campaign, 343 for Low Countries, 406 Geneva, 295 at Metz, 401 Bubna and, 212, 511 for Paris invasion, 489, 490–491 Napoleon and, 211–212, 507 Gorchakov, Andrey Ivanovich (General), 189, George, III (King), 29 280 Gerard,´ Alexis (General), 300 Gordon, George Hamilton (Lord Aberdeen), Cossacks and, 308 50 to Victor, 308 Aberdeen, faux pas German I Corps Kissinger on, 51 Austrian corps in, 126 Muir on, 51 Wrede’s Bavarians in, 126 Napoleon’s peace talks and, 50 German post-war policy Webster on, 51 British strategy in, 543 Graham, Thomas (General), 102 Confederation of the Rhine and, 46 at Antwerp, 439 Metternich and, 45 Bulow¨ and, 406, 407, 418, 427 German Reich, 48 in Tholen, 159, 166 German Territories, 47 Grand Allied Headquarters, 21 Germany, 20, 125 Grand Duchy of Warsaw, 4

668 Index

Grande Ballon, 122 Confederation of the Rhine and, 7 Gravelotte, Marmont and, 375 Frankfurt Proposals and, 57 Great Britain, 2, 342 Frederick William and, 335 Alexander’s strategy and, 57 French invasion and, 29 Allied communications with, 150 Great Britain and, 57 Austrian alliance with, 545 Holland and, 407 Gneisenau’s proposals and, 27 Ried treaty and, 47 Hardenberg and, 57 Haudainville, 470 Holland and, 102, 168 Haute-Marne Department, 331, 497, 512 Napoleon and, 2, 49 Haute-Saoneˆ Department, 213 Netherlands and, 407 Haut-Rhin Department, 192, 194, 207, 216 Portuguese trade with, 2 Caulaincourt on, 217 Swedish treaty and, 7 Henckel von Donnersmarck, Streifkorps of, Great Britain, strategies 239, 240, 241, 246, 248, 260 Alexander and, 495 Henckel von Donnersmarck, Wilhelm Ludwig Antwerp and, 440 Henckel (Colonel), 229 in Belgian invasion, 421 Leib Fusilier Battalion in, 396 Bourbon restoration as, 546 Luxembourg and, 258–259, 390, 391, 394, Frankfurt Proposals and, 59 395, 396, 465 in German post-war policy, 543 at Nouvon, 247 Metternich and, 495, 544 at Simmern, 240 Prussia and, 7 at Thionville, 347 at Roosendaal, 419 toward Bacharach, 239–240 Russia and, 7 toward Grevenmachen, 258 Grekov VIII, Peter Mateyevich (General), 321, at Trier, 247, 248, 258, 374 323 Yorck’s Reserve Cavalry and, 267 Griois, Charles-Pierre-Lubin (Colonel), 63 Hertogenbosch, 173, 439 Grouchy, Emmanuel (General), 115, 290, Hesse-Homburg, Friedrich (Prince), 269, 286, 337–338, 369, 456, 477 329, 332, 506 on Allied invasion, 320, 376 Dijon and, 516 Berthier to, 295 Schwarzenberg’s communications to, 282 Contamine and, 457 Hesse-Homburg, Gustav (Prince), 506 Defrance and, 457, 467 Himbert de Flegny, Louis-Alexandre (Prefect), on Metz evacuation, 377 323 on Napoleon’s absence, 379 Hochheim, 87 at Sorcy, 457 Hogendorp, Gijsbert Karel van, 100 toward Magnieres,` 311 Hohenlohe-Bartenstein, Ludwig Alois toward Rambervillers, 309, 311 Joachim (General), 530 Victor’s communication to, 308–309 Holland, 100, 147, 148. See Also Dutch Guerrini, Maurice, 83 insurrection; Dutch war effort Gurielov, Ivan Stepanovic (General), 232 Allied Army and, 103 Gustavus Adolphus (King), 147 Amey in, 150 Gyulay, Ignaz (General), army of, 87, 326, 504, Belgium and, 492 515 Benckendorff in, 168 Bar-sur-Aube and, 528, 531 Bernadotte in, 131, 150 French retreat and, 514 Bonapartist monarchy in, 100 Langres and, 503, 504–505, 514, 515 Bulow¨ and, 146, 147, 158–159, 409, levee-en-masse´ and, 326 563–564 Mortier and, 532 Continental System and, 100 Gneisenau and, 147 Habermann, Georg (General), 319 Great Britain and, 102, 168 Haecht, Joseph (General), 523 Hardenberg’s strategy for, 407 Hanau, 13 Macdonald in, 153, 157 Hardegg, Ignaz (General), 271, 275 Molitor in, 157–158 Hardegg, Johann Antonn Leonhard (General), Napoleon and, 100, 102–103, 166, 167 198, 220 Oppen’s maneuvers in, 148–149, 159 Hardenberg, Karl (Chancellor), 5, 335 Prussian invasion of, 406 Austrian hegemony and, 47 Russian Cossacks in, 102

Index 669

Russo-Prussian force in, 150 Austria and, 39 Holy Roman Empire, 138 on Napoleon’s army, 303 Metternich and, 48 on Prince William, 398 Homburg, 251, 258 on Schwarzenberg, 139–140 Honor Guard Regiment, 289, 291, 294, 297, Seven Years War and, 39 301 Jerphanion, Gabriel-Joseph de (Prefect), 512 Defrance command of, 354 Jett, Karl August Maximillian (General), 322 Napoleon’s recruits and, 72 Chaumont and, 515, 516, 518 Saverne retreat by, 354 Johnston, Otto, 206 Toul evacuation by, 378 Joinville Hoogstraten, 421, 422 Platov and, 465, 480 Horn, Heinrich Wilhelm (General), 252, 349, Sacken’s army at, 485 393, 395 Sherbatov’s Streifkorps at, 476–477, 480 Luxembourg and, 390, 395 Victor’s maneuvers at, 483 Moselle and, 391 Jordy, Nicolas-Louis (General), 211 Remich and, 395 Julich,¨ 413 Roder’s¨ Reserve cavalry and, 394 Junot, Laure-Adela´ ¨ıde-Constance, 81, 536–537 Sierck and, 391 on Napoleon, 218 Thionville and, 367, 390–391 Jurgaß,¨ Ludwig (Colonel), 348 Wrangel’s cavalry in, 396 Fresnes and, 460 House of Orange, 27 Manheulles attack by, 460 Houssaye, Henry, 69, 73 Merlebach and, 265 Napoleon and, 75, 77 Metz and, 366 on National Guard, 71 as Prince William’s cover, 374 Huet (Major), 401 as Reserve Cavalry Commander, 251, 257 Hugo, Joseph-Leopold-Sigisbert´ (General), Saar crossing by, 264–265 347, 397 Thiaucourt and, 459 Pirch and, 397 Verdun and, 459 Silesian Landwehr Infantry and, 397 Yorck’s communication to, 393 Humboldt, Wilhelm, 46, 335 Juzefovich, Dmitri Mikhailovich (General), Hunerbein,¨ Karl Friederich (General), 229 233 St. Goar and, 230 Strombourg and, 239 Kaisarov, Paisii Sergeyevich (General), 322, 324 Yorck’s advance guard and, 228 Kaiser Francis. See Francis I (Kaiser) Huningue Kalisch, proclamation of, 47–48 Allied Army at, 196 Kalisch-Breslau agreement, 42 Bavarian army at, 213 Teplitz Accords and, 44–45 Becker at, 193 Kaptsevich, Petr Mikhailovich (General), 130 Wrede’s army at, 193–194, 213 Karpenko, Moisei Ivanovich (General), 232 Karpov, Akim Akimovich (General), 231 Imperial authority, 298 Katzler, Friedrich (General), 229, 247, 264 Imperial Decree, 432 at Saarlouis, 252, 257 levee-en-masse´ by, 339 Kehl, 200, 280 Imperial Guard, 85, 176, 292 Kellermann, Franc¸ois-Etienne (Marshal), Holland in, 100 92–93, 310, 340 Napoleon and, 70, 93 Berthier’s communication to, 300 Imperial tax collectors, 75 Metz and, 143, 299 Italy, 24 Napoleon’s strategy for, 299 Napoleon as King of, 1 Kissinger, Henry on Aberdeen’s faux pas, 51 Jacobi-Klost,¨ Constanz Philipp Wilhelm, 184, on Alexander’s strategy, 49, 494 185 on Castlereagh’s memorandum, 541, 542 Jacobin government, 20 on Napoleon’s strength, 545 Bourbon sympathizers and, 79 Kleist, Friedrich Heinrich (General), 201, Jacobinism, Bonapartism vs., 80 404 Jacquinot, Charles-Claude (General), 241 Kulm and, 10 Janson, August Reserve Cavalry of, 253 on Allied strategy, 39 Klenau, Johan (General), 70

670 Index

Kleve, 110, 163 Bohemian Army and, 139, 550 Klinger, Jean-Babtiste (Colonel), 113 on Coalition victory, 550–551 Klux,¨ Ernst (General), 224 Paris invasion and, 551 Knesebeck-Austrian plan Radetzky proposals and, 35 Alexander’s proposal vs., 28 Schwarzenberg and, 138–139 Bohemian Army and, 34 Langeron, Louis Alexandre Arnault (General), Knesebeck, communications, 554 112, 129, 130, 229 Alexander and, 34–35 Langres, 122, 512, 546, 550 Gneisenau and, 538 Alexander at, 525 on Napoleon’s maneuvers, 538 Allied maneuvers toward, 505 Paris invasion and, 537–538, 550 Army Group Alsace toward, 346 Knesebeck, Karl Friedrich (Colonel) Berthier’s orders for, 522 Frederick William proposal to, 34 Gyulay and, 503, 504–505, 515 Gneisenau and, 23, 25, 34, 566–568 Laferriere-Lev` eque’sˆ army at, 498 Muffling’s¨ communication to, 248–249 Mortier and, 498, 504, 512–514, 521 Napoleon’s peace talks and, 52 Mortiere` in, 514 Radetzky proposals and, 35 Napoleon’s army at, 303 Knesebeck, proposals, 27 Russo-Prussian Guard and Reserve and, 304, Gneisenau opposition to, 25, 26–27 519 Napoleon vs., 23, 25 Schwarzenberg and, 382, 518–519, 534 Koblenz, 413 Langres Protocols, 549 Doazan on, 236 Lanskoi, Sergei Nikolaevich (General), 251, St. Priest in, 232 348 Koch, Christian Johann Gottgetreu (General), Allied reconnaissance by, 488 213, 278 Ricard pursuit by, 384 Koch, François, 100 Saar crossing by, 264 Kolberg Fusilier Battalion, 152 Lauberdiere,` Louis François (General), 150 Lichtenbeek and, 153 Lebrun, Anne-Charles (French Consul), 101 Wijnegem and, 425 in Amsterdam, 101 Kolowrat, Johann Karl (General), 244 as Antwerp Governor, 167 Korin, (Colonel), 196 Lefebvre-Desnouette, Charles (General), 104, Kornilov, Petr Yakovlevich (General), 243 176, 183 Kraehe, Enno, 47, 125 Lefebvre, George, 79 Krafft, Karl August (General), 152, 170, 173, Legion of Honor, 260, 312 178 Legislative Corps, 81 Breda and, 183–184 Napoleon and, 82, 490 Doesburg and, 152 Legrand, Antoine-Vincent-Jules-Louis Kriegsakademie, 132 (Colonel), 168 Krusemark, Friedrich Wilhelm, 29 Legrand, Claude-Juste-Alexandre (General), Kulm, 10 294 kulminationspunkte, 16–17 Legrand, Jean-Baptiste (Colonel), 193 Leipzig Lacoste, Jean-Laurent-Justin (General), 340 Allies and, 12, 124 Ladoucette, Jean-Charles-François de Bennigsen at, 12 (Prefect), 417 Bernadotte at, 12 Laferriere-Lev` eque,ˆ Louis-Marie (General), Blucher’s¨ army in, 12 498 Bohemian Army at, 127 Lagarde, Henri-Jacques-Martin (General), 231 Macdonald at, 12, 91 Laine,´ Etienne-Henri, 81 Marmont at, 12 Lamotte, Aguste-Etienne-Marie-Gourlez Murat and, 11 (General), 465, 466 Napoleon and, 11, 12 Allied reconnaissance and, 466 Ney at, 12 Landwehr battalions, 124, 126, 152, 159 Poniatowski at, 12 Arnhem and, 155 Schwarzenberg’s army in, 12 Bieberstein and, 252 Yorck’s army in, 12 Saar crossing by, 264 Letort, Louis-Michel (General), 522, 530 Langenau, Karl Friedrich levee-en-masse,´ 326, 334, 339, 340, 381, 459, (General-Quartermaster), 33, 551 492, 508

Index 671

in Ardennes, 365 Bulow’s¨ strategy for, 146, 406, 408–409 Caulaincourt on, 298 Castlereagh’s memorandum for, extraordinary-commissioners and, 79 541–542 Francis I on, 498 Gneisenau’s strategy for, 406 Gyulay’s Corps news of, 326 Napoleon’s resistance in, 118 Marmont’s retreat and, 443 Prussian strategy for, 147, 406, 407 in Marne, 365 Lowenhielm,¨ Karl Emil, 22 Napoleon and, 74, 365 Lowenstern,¨ Woldemar Hermann, 412 Prefect Flavigny decree for, 284 Lower Alsace, 282, 291 Prussian General Staff on, 490 Lower Rhine, 121, 167 Schwarzenberg’s strategy and, 497 Ludot, Denis-Eloi (General), 312 Thurn’s Streifkorps’ disruption of, 271 Luneville,´ 90 Lheritier,´ 4th Dragoon Division of, 311, 466 Ney’s strategy for, 356 Defrance’s strategy for, 465 Pahlen’s maneuvers toward, 315 Ligny and, 475 Victor and, 351, 354, 368 Toul and, 378 Wrede’s army at, 368 Vasilchokov’s army and, 477 Luneville´ treaty, 54 Lheritier,´ Samuel-Franc¸ois (General), 197 Lutzen,¨ 7 on Austro-Bavarian maneuvers, 466 Luxembourg, 390 Liechtenstein, Alois II (General), 191, 329 Allied intelligence on, 366 Besanc¸on blockade by, 503 Blucher¨ on, 392 Liechtenstein, Moritz von (General), 191, 211, Brandenburg Cuirassier Regiment at, 395 506 Gneisenau on, 392 at Auxonne, 503 Henckel and, 258–259, 390, 391, 394, 395, Liege,` 438, 473 396, 465 Lier, 424, 439 Horn and, 390, 395 Lieven, Ivan Andeyevich, III (General), 130 Prince William’s at, 394 Lignol, 530 Roder’s¨ Reserve cavalry at, 395 Ligny, 485 Valentini and, 390 Allied intelligence, 482 Wrangel at, 395 Berthier’s defense orders for, 479 Yorck and, 391, 392, 394, 396, 473 Blucher’s¨ communication on, 482 Lying bulletins, 77 Briche’s Dragoon Division near, 475 Lyon, 509–510 Duhesme and, 475, 479, 485 Augereau and, 508, 511 Lheritier’s´ 4th Dragoon Division and, Austrian skirmishes at, 509–510 475 Bubna and, 286, 506, 509 Pire´ and, 479, 484 Musinier and, 509 Sherbatov and, 481–482, 484, 485–486 Vasilchokov’s army at, 481 Macdonald, army of, 88–89, 182, 416 Victor and, 478, 482, 484 Allied threat to, 414 Lithuanian Dragoon Regiment, 230, 233, in Arnhem, 153, 154 460 in Belgium, 412, 416 Lobanov-Rostovsky, Dmitri Ivanovich Blucher’s¨ defeat of, 9 (General), 128 Bulow’s¨ maneuvers and, 418 Longeville, 348 Falkenhausen Streifkorps and, 435 Marmont’s retreat toward, 265 in Holland, 153, 157 Yorck at, 366 at Kleve, 110, 163 Lorraine, 340, 367, 385 at Leipzig, 12, 91 as 4th Military district, 340 at the Lower Rhine, 121 Blucher¨ and, 385, 443 Napoleon and, 90 Bulow’s¨ strategy at, 348 Napoleon’s strategy and, 432–433 Colchen in, 357 at Nijmegen, 164 Losthin, Heinrich (Colonel), 397 Macdonald, communications, 414, 415, 416, Louis XVIII, 494 569 Low Countries, 407 to Albert, 165 Alexander’s communication on, 441 Allies and, 164, 415, 416, 417, 433 Blucher’s¨ army in, 441 to Arrighi, 165 Boyen and, 185, 406 to Berthier, 158, 164–165, 181–182

672 Index

Macdonald, (cont.) Mareschall, Wenzel Philipp Leopold on Berthier’s maneuvers, 433 (Major), 214 on French Army, 412–413, 434–435 Maret, Hughes (Foreign Minister), 59, to Maison, 415 60 on Napoleon’s absence, 436 Marie, Jean-Babtiste-Simon-Firmin (General), on Russian army, 414, 416 153, 156 to Sebastiani,´ 165 Marie Louises, 119, 121 Macdonald, Thumen’s¨ army and, 426 Etienne-Jacques-Joseph-Alexandre Markhoff, Johann Ludwig (Major), 264 (Marshal), 84, 90, 163–165, 167, 169, Marmont, army of, 86, 204, 208, 235, 245, 260, 173–174, 177–179, 180–181, 182, 332, 263, 265, 332, 346, 372, 458 414, 418, 431, 435 at Bar-le-Duc, 486 as Bober Army’s commander, 9 Blucher¨ and, 443 as Duke of Taranto, 90 at Friesenheim, 226 as Governor of Rome, 89 at Hochheim, 87 Napoleon and, 103, 165, 433 at Leipzig, 12 25th Military District and, 65 in Mainz, 106, 208 as X Corps commander, 90 at Marengo, 85 as XI Corps commander, 90, 91, 92 Metz and, 349–351, 374 Macdonald, maneuvers, 410, 415, 417, at the Middle Rhine, 119–121, 204–205 436 Moselle and, 372 Colomb’s Streifkorps and, 418 Nancy and, 373 Maison’s strategy on, 437 Napoleon and, 351 Napoleon’s orders for, 431 at Neckar River, 95 toward Chalons-en-Champagne,ˆ 402 Ricard and, 374 toward Venlo, 417 Saarbrucken¨ and, 249–250 Wintzingerode’s concern over, 410 at Sarreguemines, 250–251 Macdonald, strategies, 164, 415, 417 Verdun and, 437, 458, 480 Falkenhausen Streifkorps and, 435 Victor’s army and, 387 for French cavalry, 435–436 in Worms, 110 General Instructions and, 435 Yorck’s strategy and, 374 Prussian army and, 436–437 Marmont, Auguste-Fred´ eric-Louis´ (Marshal), Russian army and, 414, 416 66, 84, 85–87, 208–209, 219–220, 259–260, Silesian Army’s maneuvers and, 349, 351, 443 417–418 Allied invasion reports for, 237, 262 for Wesel’s army, 432 Berthier’s communications to, 204, 208 Mainz, 106, 208 in Fifth Coalition, 85 Maison, Nicholas-Joseph (General), 176, as French Army of Portugal Commander, 420–421, 423, 424, 437 86 Allies and, 424 French marshalate and, 444 Anglo-Prussian Army and, 418 Kaiserslautern evacuation by, 251 Antwerp and, 420, 437 Napoleon and, 104, 114–115, 203, on Belgium, 438 448 Brussels evacuation by, 439 on Ricard, 236 Bulow¨ and, 419 Sacken and, 252 at Leuven, 434 26th Military District and, 65 at Lier, 424 Yorck and, 251, 252 Macdonald and, 415, 437 Marmont, communications, 262, 263, 349, 351, Napoleon and, 428, 429 356, 461, 462, 479 Wijnegem counterattack in, 426 on Allies, 357, 375, 448, 449, 461, 486 Malet Conspiracy of 1812, 78 to Berthier, 235, 244, 250–251 maneuver sur derriere` , 199 on French intelligence, 461 Manheulles, 460 on French marshalate, 449–451 Curely at, 460 on Gravelotte, 375 Jurgaß¨ attack of, 460 Ney and, 344, 375, 461 manoeuvre sur les derriere` , 537 on Pont-a-Mousson,` 375 Marchand, Jean-Gabriel (General), 295 to St. Avold, 262 Marengo, 85, 97 on Silesian Army maneuvers, 237–238, 307

Index 673

on strategic maneuvers, 372 Austrian Auxilliary Corp and, 6 Victor and, 298, 461, 468, 479 on Blucher,¨ 330 Marmont, maneuvers, 238, 244, 252, 253, 254, Central Europe and, 10 262–263, 267, 338, 352, 444 European post-war policy of, 46 Berthier’s communication on, 447 German post-war policy and, 45 Blucher’s¨ communication on, 381 Kalisch-Breslau agreement and, 42 levee-en-masse´ and, 443 Napoleon and, 288, 569–570 Metz and, 265, 349, 355, 358, 375, 443 Napoleonic France and, 10, 44 Meynadier’s orders for, 470 Plastwitz¨ armistice and, 55 Moselle and, 351, 372 Russo-Prussian alliance and, 7, 44 Napoleon’s orders for, 448, 521 Schwarzenberg and, 138, 554 at the Rhine, 95, 109–110 Sixth Coalition and, 8 the Saar and, 249, 268 Stein and, 47 toward Alsace, 443 Metternich, communications, 36–37, 62, toward Bar-le-Duc, 480 494, 526 toward Kaiserslautern, 244, 249 on Alexander’s strategy, 495 toward Longeville, 265 on Francis, 21, 548 toward St. Avold, 265 Frankfurt Proposals and, 53, 61 Victor’s army and, 267 Napoleon and, 20, 494 Yorck’s Reserve Cavalry and, 444 Napoleonic France and, 543 Marmont, strategies, 373, 374, 448, 451, on Russian army’s strategy, 543 461 Schwarzenberg and, 520 for Bar-le-Duc, 486 Silesian Army and, 521 for Gravelotte, 375 Metternich, doves, 15 at Haudainville, 470 Allied council and, 553 for Metz defense, 373 Metternich, Germany of, 48 for the Meuse, 374 Holy Roman Empire and, 48 for the Moselle, 373 Metternich, peace proposals, 8, 56, 61, 335, for Nancy, 373 492–493, 552, 553 Napoleon and, 462 Alexander and, 61 for Ricard’s maneuvers, 449 Anglo-Austrian entente and, 57, 60, The Marne, 480–481, 488 549 levee-en-masse´ in, 365 Anglo-Russian relations and, 57 Marulaz, Jacob-Franc¸ois (General), 211, Castlereagh and, 56–57 284 Caulaincourt and, 53–54 Massena,´ Andre´ (Marshal), 299 France and, 492 mauvais sujet, 29 Frankfurt Proposals and, 495, 552 Maximilian, August Maria (Major). See Germany and, 54 Thurn-Taxis (Prince) Napoleon and, 61, 495, 546 Maximillian IV Joseph of Bavaria (King) Napoleonic France and, 56 Austria and, 45 Prussia and, 58, 59 Ried treaty and, 47 Reichenbach treaty and, 56 Max-Joseph Military Order, 319 Schwarzenberg and, 288, 492, 552 Maycock, Frederick, 37, 137, 139 Teplitz Accords and, 56 Meneval,´ Claude Franc¸ois de, 79 Metternich, strategies, 493, 544 Merges, de Madame, 142 Alexander and, 21, 493 Merlin, Jean-Baptiste van (General), 262 Austria and, 52 Merveldt, Maximillian (General), 49 British support of, 495 Merxem, 425, 427 Castlereagh and, 542, 544 Metternich and Alexander Frankfurt Proposals and, 52 cold war between, 492 Frankfurt Proposals in, 496, 520 political differences of, 548 French post-war and, 494 Metternich, Clemens (Foreign Minister), 5, Gneisenau and, 52 141, 329, 334 Prussia and, 20 Alexander’s strategy for, 49 Rheinbund collapse and, 46–47 Anglo-Russian-Prussian triumvirate and, Ried treaty and, 46 520 Stein’s communication on, 497 Austria and, 6 Teplitz Accords in, 520

674 Index

Metz, 399–400 Mont-Blanc Department, 295, 328 Allies and, 349, 366 Montel´ egier,´ Gabriel-Gaspard (General), Blucher¨ and, 389, 401 196–197 Borozdin at, 384, 389, 399 at Colmar, 196 Chasset and, 75 Cossack attack by, 312 Durutte and, 399 at Rambervillers, 312 Gneisenau’s strategy at, 401 Montfort, Jacques (Colonel), 68 Grouchy’s communication on, 377 Morand, Charles-Antoine (General), 92, Jurgaß’s¨ maneuvers toward, 366 204 Kellermann at, 143, 299 Moreau, Jean-Victor (General), 90 Marmont and, 265, 349, 351, 355, 358, 373, Mortier, Adolphe-Edouard-Casimir-Joseph 374, 375, 443 (Marshal), 64, 176, 329, 498–501 Napoleon’s army at, 200 in Fourth Coalition War, 500 National Guard and, 75 as Moscow Governor, 500 Pire’s´ maneuvers at, 404 Napoleon’s General Instructions to, 512 Prince William and, 366, 389, 398, 401–402, as Old Guard Commander, 500 404 in Peninsular War, 500 Russian Cossacks and, 75 Schwarzenberg and, 332 Schmidt and, 395, 399, 402 in Second Coalition War, 499 Stutterheim at, 399 in Third Coalition War, 500 Victor’s communications on, 377–378 Mortier, army of, 303 Wittgenstein march toward, 346 Allies and, 517, 525 Wrede’s march toward, 346 at Durrenstein, 500 Yorck and, 366, 398, 400, 401, 402, 404 Frederick William and, 525, 527 Meunier, Claude-Marie (General), 292, 309 Gyulay’s pursuit of, 532 The Meuse, 469 at Langres, 498 Marmont’s strategy for, 374 Schwarzenberg’s delay by, 501 Sacken’s maneuvers at, 380 Thurn’s Streifkorps and, 501–503 St. Aulaire of, 453 Mortier, communications, 504, 514, 521 Victor and, 378, 444, 456–457, 465, 475 Allies and, 504, 517, 518, 527 The Meuse bridges, 474 on Austrian Army, 521–522 Meynadier, Louis-Henri-Rene´ (General), Bar-sur-Aube evacuation and, 531–532 448 on Chaumont’s evacuation, 518 Decouz’s strategy for, 449 on Colombey-les-deux-Eglies´ attack, Marmont and, 470 529–530 Ricard and, 449 on French defense, 504 Michel, Claude-Etienne (General), 504 Langres and, 504, 512–514, 521 Middle Rhine, 443 on Napoleon’s strategy, 521 Marmont and, 119–121, 204–205 Mortiere,` Simon de la (Colonel), 513, Mikhailovsky-Danilevsky, Alexander 515 (Secretary), 41, 545 Langres and, 514 Milhaud, Eduoard, (General), 206–207, 220, Mortier, maneuvers, 518 290, 320, 451–452, 468 Bar-sur-Aube and, 522, 527, 531 Allied threat to, 279 after Chaumont’s evacuation, 521 Austo-Bavarian reconnaissance by, 378 Langres and, 512–513 Colmar retreat by, 277, 278 Schwarzenberg and, 514 Pfaffenheim and, 275 toward Paris, 531 Russian Cossack attack of, 452 Mortier, strategies, 521, 522 Toul evacuation by, 378 for Bar-sur-Aube’s defense, 522, 527–528 Victor and, 203, 296 for Chaumont’s evacuation, 518 Missiessy, Edouard-Thomas de (Admiral), Langres and, 512, 513 166 Platov’s Cossack Corps and, 527 Molitor, Gabriel-Jean-Joseph (General), The Moselle, 372, 399 Amsterdam and, 101 Allied invasion at, 358 in Holland, 157–158 Brandenburg Cuirassier Regiment at, 397 toward Venlo, 177, 417 Horn’s communication on, 391 in Utrecht, 150 Marmont and, 351, 372 Mongenet, Franc¸ois-Bernard (General), 214 Marmont strategy at, 373

Index 675

Yorck’s maneuvers toward, 348 Napoleon, army of, 4, 64, 68–69, 73–74, 82, Motte, Pierre-Louis-François Paultre de la 93–95, 105, 114, 118–119, 177, 205, (General), 74 209–210, 216, 218, 235–236, 266, 317, 320, Muffling,¨ Friederich Karl 336, 386, 420, 441–442 (Quartermaster-General), 18, 489 Administrative headquarters of, 92–93 Allied offensive and, 538–539 Allied Army vs., 11, 55, 105, 114, 121, 490 on Blucher’s¨ strategy, 472–473, 490 at Alsace, 114 Knesebeck and, 248–249 Armistice of Plaswitz¨ and, 118 on Nancy’s Mayor, 384–385 Austro-Bavarian army vs., 13 Pro Memoria of, 562–563 Blucher¨ and, 9, 403, 437 Sacken’s communication to, 385 Bohemian Army vs., 10, 13, 14 Silesian Army and, 19 cordon system in, 179, 266, 386–387 on Yorck’s strategy, 403 Dutch insurrection and, 99 Muir, Rory, 51 1813, 68, 69 Mulhouse, 196, 221 1812, 7, 68 Munster,¨ Ernst Friedrich zu (Count), 29 Francis I and, 6, 7 Alexander’s support by, 553 Frederick William vs., 7 Bourbon restoration and, 553 in Geneva, 211–212 Murat, King Joachim (King), 11, 34, 71 Great Britain and, 2 Musnier, Louis-François-Felix´ (General), at Hanau, 13 116 at Hochheim, 14 at Besançon, 269 Holland and, 102–103 at Bourg-en-Bresse, 294 Honor Guard Regiment and, 72 Lyon’s defense and, 509 Imperial Guard and, 70, 93 Napoleon’s orders for, 212 Janson on, 303 National Guard and, 116 Kissinger on, 545 Musnier, Reserve´ de Geneve,` 507 Knesebeck’s communication on, 538 Mutterstadt, 234–235 at Langres, 303 at Leipzig, 11, 12 Nancy, 369–370 Macdonald and, 90, 103 Allied Army toward, 339 Marmont and, 104, 114–115 Biron’s Steifkorps invasion of, 367–368 Metternich’s opposition to, 20 Blucher¨ and, 379, 380, 384, 465 at Metz, 200 French population and, 339, 357, 358 National Guard and, 71, 92 Marmont and, 373 North German Army vs., 13 Muffling¨ on, 384–385 Peninsular War and, 3 Nansouty at, 143 Polish Army vs., 13 Ney and, 354, 356, 357, 358 in Portugal, 3 Olsufiev toward, 384 Prussia and, 37 Sacken and, 384 reorganization in, 92–93, 209, 214, 441–442 Victor and, 360, 370 Ricard and, 104–105 Wittgenstein’s maneuvers toward, Schwarzenberg’s strategy and, 480–481 Silesian Army vs., 13 Wurttemberg,¨ Eugene toward, 474 in Spain, 3 Nansouty, Etienne-Marie (General), 63–64, 143 Victor’s army vs., 115 Napoleon, 49, 233, 547 at Wittenberg, 11 Marie Louise and, 3, 68, 78 Young Guard and, 70 Romanov family and, 3 Napoleon, “chess match” Napoleon, absence, 424. See also General Napoleonic principles of war and, 524–525 Bonaparte Schwarzenberg and, 524, 525 Caulaincourt’s communication on, Napoleon, command, 447, 487, 488, 548 453–454 Berthier’s communication on, 447 Dejean’s communication on, 452 Blucher’s¨ communication on, 473 French marshalate and, 446, 448, 463 Frederick William’s communication on, 515 Grouchy’s communication on, 379 Gneisenau’s communication on, 540 Macdonald’s communication and, 436 Radetzky’s proposal and, 23 Marmont’s strategy and, 462 Schwarzenberg and, 524 Victor’s communications on, 379 Valory and, 536

676 Index

Napoleon, communications, 205, 263, 300, 310, for French population, 218, 506 313, 362–363, 487 for Holland, 166, 167 on Allied invasion, 361–362, 431–432, 433 for levee-en-masse,´ 365 on Army of Reserve, 386 to Macdonald, 165, 431 to Berthier, 299–300 Marmont and, 203, 448, 521 on Chalons-en-Champagneˆ command, 487 to Morand, 204 on French army retreat, 300, 361 to Musnier, 212 on Grand Armee,´ 386 for National Guard, 218 on Legislative Corp, 490 for Paris defense, 362, 363 with London, 546 for Reserve of Paris, 300 to Maison, 429 for Suchet’s maneuvers, 507 on Maison’s maneuvers, 428 Victor and, 202, 215, 468 to Metternich, 569–570 for Victor’s replacement, 464 Napoleon, Continental System, 2, 4, 118 Napoleon, peace talks, 49, 288 French economy and, 75, 77 Aberdeen’s faux pas and, 50 Holland and, 100 Aberdeen vs. Nesselrode, 50 Houssaye on, 75 Allies and, 54, 55 Napoleon, dethroning Alsace and, 53 Alexander and, 493, 494, 495 Castlereagh’s memorandum for, 541 Blucher’s¨ strategy on, 553 Frankfurt Proposals and, 52, 54, 60 Castlereagh’s memorandum on, 541 Gordon and, 50 Frederick William on, 552 Knesebeck and, 52 Metternich and, 494, 495, 546 Maret and, 60 Napoleon, General Instructions, 363, 364, 386, Merveldt and, 49 387 Metternich and, 288 Berthier’s communication on, 364 Metternich vs. Nesselrode, 50 French marshalate and, 363, 364–365 Nesselrode and, 50 Macdonald and, 433, 435 Prussia and, 50 to Marmont, 448 St. Aignan and, 50, 51 to Mortier, 512 Schwarzenberg on, 257 Napoleonic France, 15, 309, 497 Stewart and, 53 Austrian politics and, 288, 496 Napoleon, popularity, 76–77, 80, 82 in European order, 542 Houssaye on, 77 Metternich and, 10, 44, 56, 543 Lying bulletins and, 77 Napoleonic principles of war, 25, 179, 180, 429, in Paris, 77 524–525 Thirty on, 76 Berthier on, 180 Napoleon, rebukes French marshalate and, 180 of French marshalate, 428–429 Schwarzenberg’s strategy vs., 532 of Maison, 428 Silesian Army and, 490 of Ney, 343 Napoleon, insurrections, 74–75 of Victor’s strategy, 444, 446, 447, 463 Berckheim in, 74 Napoleon, replacements Beurmann in, 74 Bernadotte as, 333, 493–494 levee-en-masse´ and, 74 Louis XVIII as, 494 Motte in, 74 Napoleon, resistance Napoleon, Metternich peace to Alexander, 40 Alexander’s strategy vs., 49 to Coalition forces, 40 Frankfurt Declaration and, 62 in Low Countries, 118 Napoleon, orders, 115, 116, 166, 224, along the Rhine, 63, 117–118 266, 268, 297, 299, 365, 372, 464, Schwarzenberg and, 37, 40 488–489, 506 Napoleon, strategies, 109, 217, 293, 299, 335, for Antwerp, 176 336, 338, 361, 429, 431, 432, 442, 446–447, for Augereau’s army, 507 448 for Berthier, 117 Allied Army and, 336, 486, 490 for Bommelerwaard, 176 for Bar-sur-Aube, 526 for Breda, 177, 181 for Berlin, 442 to Clarke, 115–116, 205, 365 Berlin Army and, 10 for Epinal,´ 342 Berthier’s communications on, 335, 446

Index 677

Blucher¨ and, 18–19, 363, 432–433 on Allied invasion, 354, 356, 359 Bulow’s¨ army and, 363 to Berthier, 298 Caulaincourt’s communications on, 217, on French Army, 356, 453 309, 359 on Nancy defense, 356 for Chalons-en-Champagne,ˆ 464, 486 to Victor, 355 for Curial, 299 on Victor’s retreat, 358, 359, 453 for Dresden, 442 on Vosges defense, 359–360 Frankfurt Proposals and, 52, 59, 141 Ney, Michel (Marshal), 337, 341–344, 345, 354, French army and, 336, 365 444, 453 French marshalate and, 362, 429, 442 Act of Mediation signing by, 343 General Instructions and, 363 Allied invasion fears by, 355–356 for Geneva, 507 in Army of England, 342 Gneisenau and, 15–16, 22, 540 in Army of Portugal, 344 for Kellermann, 299 as Army of the Center commander, 342 Knesebeck proposals vs., 23, 25 Bar-le-Duc and, 453 Macdonald’s army and, 432–433 Berlin Army and, 9, 10 manoeuvre sur les derriere` as, 537 as Duke of Elchingen, 344 in Massena,´ 299 in First French Empire, 343 Metternich on, 61 Fourth Coalition War and, 343 Mortier’s communication on, 521 in German theater, 342 for Musnier’s Reserve´ de Geneve,` 507 in Hussar corps, 342 for Ney’s maneuvers, 464 at Leipzig, 12 for Paris, 336, 362, 431 Marmont’s communications on, 375, 461 Plastwitz¨ armistice and, 7, 52 at Nancy, 354 Reichenbach Protocols for, 520 Napoleon rebukes of, 343 Schwarzenberg and, 363 Napoleon’s strategy for, 464 for Trachenberg Plan, 40 as Prince of Moskowa, 345 at Troyes, 326 at Strasbourg, 143 Victor and, 290, 299, 300, 312–313, 342, 379, Ney, strategies, 359, 386 386, 463–464 for Luneville,´ 356 Napoleon, victories Marmont’s communication on, 344 Austerlitz, 6–7 for Nancy, 357, 358 Bautzen, 7 Russian Army and, 344 Lutzen,¨ 7 for Victor’s army, 368 Wagram, 68 Nicolson, on Schwarzenberg’s strategy, 520 National Guard, 71–72, 74, 106, 294 Nijmegen, 156–157, 164 in Antwerp, 166 Nipperdey, Thomas, 6, 49 Extraordinary-Commissioners and, 79 North German Army Houssaye on, 71 of Bernadotte, 9 Metz proclamation and, 75 Gneisenau’s proposals and, 28 Musnier and, 116 Napoleon’s army vs., 13 Napoleon and, 71, 92, 218 Radetzky’s memorandum and, 17 Thiers on, 72 Nostitz, Karl, 384 Victor organization of, 98–99, 378–379 Neapolitan army, 131 Olsuﬁev, Nikolay Dmitrevich, III (General), Neckar River, 95 130, 384 Nesselrode, Karl Robert (Foreign Minister), 50 Oppen, Adolf Friederich (General), 102, 149, Confederation of the Rhine, 7 170, 172, 173, 178, 423 Netherlands Amey and, 151 Bulow’s¨ proclamation to, 147 at Arnhem, 152, 153, 156 Great Britain support of, 407 Bulow¨ on, 423 Prince William support of, 407 Doesburg capture by, 149 Neuf-Brisach, 282, 293 in Holland, 148–149, 159 Neuss, 161 at Klarenbeek, 151 Borstell at, 160 Thumen’s¨ troops vs., 421 Prussian Army in, 161 Wijnegem attack by, 425 Ney, communications, 301, 311, 325, 337, 356, Order of the Red Eagle, 408 357, 358, 376 ordre du jour, 498

678 Index

The Ornain, 477 Pirch, Otto (General), 243 Grouchy’s communication on, 477 Hugo attack of, 397 Pire’s´ communication on, 478 at Malling, 397 Subervie’s brigade at, 477 at Thionville, 397 Victor and, 477, 478, 479 Yorck’s communication on, 397 Osten-Sacken, Fabian Gotlieb (General), Pire,´ Hippolyte-Marie-Guillaume (General), 112 197, 220, 317, 319, 368, 370, 393, 469 Ottoman Empire, 3–4 Allied invasion and, 319 Oudinot, Nicholas-Charles (Marshal), 176, Ligny defense by, 479 292 at Metz, 404 as Berlin Army’s commander, 9 at Nompatelize, 319 ou vaincre ou mourir, 258 Ornain communication by, 478 at Toul, 370 Pahlen, Peter Petrovich, III (General), Cavalry toward Lay-St. Remy,´ 378 Corps of, 272, 280, 289, 291, 300, 310, 335 toward Ligny, 484 in Lower Alsace, 282, 291 Vasilchokov’s army vs., 481 at Phalsbourg, 313 Victor’s communication to, 462–463 at Saverne, 301 at Willeroncourt, 475 Schwarzenberg’s strategy for, 383 Plaswitz¨ armistice, 124, 288 toward Luneville,´ 315 Metternich and, 55 toward Marne, 480–481 Napoleon and, 7, 52 Victor and, 292 Platov, Cossack Corps, 315, 324, 360, 445 Wrede’s army with, 465 Army Group Vosges and, 293 Wurttemberg¨ support of, 445 Epinal´ and, 302, 321 Panchulidev, Semen Davydovich, II (General), at Joinville, 480 459, 467 Mortier’s strategy and, 527 Paris Rhine crossing by, 274 Alexander’s communications on, 493, Schwarzenberg’s orders for, 524 547–548 Sherbatov’s Streifkorps and, 312, 316 Allied strategy for, 360 toward Chalons-en-Champagne,ˆ 384 Austrian General Staff and, 540–541 toward Joinville, 465 Blucher’s¨ strategy for, 379, 489 Victor’s retreat and, 469–470 Frederick William’s communication on, Platov, Matvei Ivanovich (General), 210, 321, 515 322, 454 Gneisenau and, 489, 490–491, 537 Contamine and, 454 Knesebeck’s communication on, 537–538, Victor’s communication to, 470 550 Weil’s communication on, 322 Langenau’s communication on, 551 Poland, 11, 546 Mortier’s maneuvers toward, 531 Alexander’s strategy for, 493 Municipal Council and, 80–81 Alexander vs. Frederick William, 44 Napoleon and, 77, 336, 362, 363, 431 Allied High Command and, 542 Prussian army and, 475, 489 Napoleon’s army vs., 13 Schwarzenberg and, 537, 550, 553 Polish-Saxon crisis, 58–59 Silesian Army’s maneuvers on, 473 Poniatowski, Prince Josef Anton (Marshal), 12 Thurn’s maneuvers toward, 286 Pont-a-Mousson` Wrede’s communication on, 382 Allied maneuvers toward, 373 Paris National Guard, 72 Marmont’s communication on, 375 Pasquier, Etienne-Denis, 72 Prince William toward, 393 Pawley, Robert, 73 Ricard and, 351, 374 Peninsular War, 3 Popp, Charles (Police Commissioner), 219 Mortier in, 500 Portugal, 2, 344 Spanish Bourbons and, 70 Napoleon and, 2, 3 Petre, F. L., 187 post-Napoleonic era, 147 Phalsbourg, 313 Pozzo di Borgo, Karl Andreas, 553 Pichegru, Jean-Charles (General), 90 Prince of Moskowa, 345. See also Ney Picquet, Cyrille-Simon (General), 446, Proclamation of Kalisch, 47–48 460 Proclamation “People of France,” 498 Pillar, Yegor Maksimovich (General), 232 Pro Memoria, 562–563

Index 679

Prussia, 404 Radziwill, Anton (Prince), 157 Alexander’s strategy for, 5 Rambervillers British subsidies to, 7 Grouchy’s maneuvers toward, 309, 311 Low Countries and, 147 Montel´ egier’s´ maneuvers toward, 312 Metternich and, 20, 58, 59 Segur´ Honor Guards at, 352 Napoleon’s peace talks and, 50 Victor’s maneuvers toward, 320 in post-Napoleonic era, 147 Rampon, Antoine-Guillaume (General), Saxony annexation by, 335 99 Prussia, army of, 4, 147, 404, 422, 423, 427, 441, Raon-l’Etape,´ 302 460 Rapp, Jean (General), 70 Allied Army and, 490 Rastatt, 207, 216 in Arnhem, 156 Rayeysky, Nikolay Nikolayevich (General), in Bohemian Army, 128 286 in Bommelerwaard, 177 Rechberg, Anton (General), 144 Castlereagh’s communication on, 406 Rechberg, Joseph (General), 192 Freikorps in, 438 Rechberg’s brigades, 293 French Army vs., 134, 349, 425, 430, Reiche, August (Major), 410 440 Reichenbach Convention, 8 Holland invasion by, 406 Reichenbach Protocols, 57 in Low Countries, 406, 407 Napoleon’s strategy for, 520 Macdonald’s army and, 436–437 Reichenbach treaty, 56 Napoleon’s army and, 37 Remiremont, 303–304, 321 in Neuss, 161 Reserve´ de Geneve,` 212, 218 Paris and, 475, 489 Reserve of Paris, 300 Rhine crossing by, 226–228 Rey, Jean-Pierre-Antoine (General), 96 Saarbrucken¨ and, 260 Rheinbund collapse, 46, 69 Sebastiani’s´ army and, 430 Metternich’s strategy and, 46–47 Wrede’s army and, 214 Stein and, 47 Prussian General Staff, 384, 405, 407, 445 Rheinbundist insurance policy, 48 French defense and, 407 Rheinbund princes, 58, 124 on levee-en-masse´ failure, 490 Rhenish Department, 205 Pyrenees Army, 68 The Rhine Pyshnitsky, Dmitry Ilyich (General), 272 Allied Army at, 14, 114 Blucher¨ at, 200–201, 219–220, 223–224, 225, Queen’s Dragoon Regiment, 149, 178 230, 254, 274 Bohemian Army at, 182 Radetzky, Joseph von Radetz Chernishev’s crossing of, 430–431 Austro-Russian relations and, 17 Marmont’s maneuvers at, 95, 109–110 Gneisenau and, 33, 566 Napoleon’s resistance along, 63, 117–118 Rhine and, 140, 556–560 Platov’s Cossack’s crossing of, 274 Schwarzenberg’s orders for, 552 Russian Cossack’s crossing of, 221 Radetzky, memorandums Sacken’s maneuvers at, 226 Austrian Reserve and, 17 St. Priest at, 232, 241 Bohemian Army and, 17 Schwarzenberg’s maneuvers at, 333 North German Army and, 17 Silesian Army at, 223, 224, 266 to Schwarzenberg, 17 Victor’s maneuvers at, 111, 199 Silesian Army and, 17 Wittgenstein at, 206, 271 Radetzky, proposals, 23–24, 30, 35, 191 Rhine bridge, 156 Austrian General Staff and, 24 Yorck and, 230 Blucher’s¨ army and, 23 Rhine crossings Bohemian Army and, 23 by Alexander, 331 Fane and, 24 Allied strategy on, 112–113 Gneisenau and, 25 by Prussian army, 226–228 Knesebeck support of, 35 Radetzky and, 140, 556–560 Langenau support of, 35 by Sacken, 226 Napoleon’s Command and, 23 Schwarzenberg and, 140–141, 330 Schwarzenberg and, 35 Wintzingerode’s refusal of, 410 Silesian Army and, 23 Yorck’s strategy on, 226, 228, 260

680 Index

Ricard, Etienne-Pierre-Sylvestre, III (General), Metternich’s and, 543 63–64, 231–232, 237, 245, 253, 374, 447, Sebastiani’s´ communication on, 413 448 Stewart’s communication on, 544 Allied invasion reports for, 237 at Vaucouleurs, 467 Blucher¨ and, 443 Russian Cossacks, 154, 221 Lanskoi pursuit of, 384 in Allied Army, 128 Marmont and, 236, 374, 449 Fabvier and, 458 Meynadier and, 449 French fear of, 75, 446 Napoleon’s army and, 104–105 in Holland, 102 Pont-a-Mousson` and, 351, 374 Metz proclamation and, 75 at Saarbrucken,¨ 250 Milhaud’s army and, 452 toward Moselle, 372 Wintzingerode’s strategy for, 412 toward Saarbrucken,¨ 245 Russian hegemony, 544 Ried treaty, 45 Russo-Prussian alliance, 5 Hardenberg and, 47 Metternich and, 7, 44 Max-Joseph and, 47 Wurttemberg¨ and, 70 Metternich’s strategy and, 46 Russo-Prussian Guard and Reserve, 206, Rigau, Antoine (General), 87, 247–248, 258, 302 300 Austria’s strategy on, 549 Rixheim, 194 Barclay de Tolly and, 274, 304 Roder,¨ Friedrich Erhard (General), 253 in Bohemian Army, 128 Reserve cavalry of, 394, 395 Langres and, 304, 519 Roederer, Pierre-Louis, toward Troyes, 474–475 310 Russo-Swedish Convention of Abo, 5 as 5th Military District Commissioner, 310 Roer Department, 161, 417 The Saar, 260 Roger, François, 512 Blucher’s¨ maneuvers at, 346, 347 Rottembourg, Henri (General), 464 Jurgaß’s¨ crossing of, 264–265 Rouguet, François (General), 104, 176, 183 Lanskoi’s crossing of, 264 at Antwerp, 423 Marmont at, 249, 268 at Breda, 183 Prince William’s crossing of, 347 at Oostmalle, 422 Sacken’s maneuvers at, 260 at Westmalle, 419 Silesian Army’s crossing of, 265 Rousseau, Guillaume-Charles (General), Stutterheim at, 252–253 309, 323, 324 Yorck’s maneuvers at, 264 Allied attack of, 324 Saarbrucken¨ from Epinal,´ 323, 338 Blucher’s¨ army at, 265, 347 Victor’s army and, 351 Durutte and, 245, 250 Royer, Karl (Major), 157 Marmont and, 249–250 Ruhle¨ von Lilienstern, Johann Jacob Otto Prussian Army skirmish at, 260 August (Lt. Col.), 126 Ricard and, 245, 250 Russia, 7 Saar fortresses, 389 in Fifth Coalition, 3 Saarlouis, 395 Ottoman Empire and, 3–4 Bieberstein on, 395 Russia, army of, 481 Katzler at, 252, 257 Albert’s maneuvers and, 413 Schmidt attack on, 395 Bohemian Army and, 127–128 Sacken, Fabian Vilgelmovich (General), 129, Defrance’s strategy and, 467 130, 231, 241, 248, 294, 367, 459 French army and, 413, 431 at Chateau-Salins,ˆ 383–384 Grenadier Corps in, 304 French invasion by, 459 Infantry Corps in, 189 Frouard bridge capture by, 372 in Koblenz, 413 at Homburg, 258 Macdonald and, 414, 416 at Joinville, 485 Ney’s strategy and, 344 Marmont’s army and, 252 at Rastatt, 216 at the Meuse, 380 Russia, army strategies Muffling¨ and, 385 Allied objective vs., 42–43 in Nancy, 384 France and, 553 at the Saar, 260

Index 681

at Toul, 465 in Frankfurt, 21 toward Chalons-en-Champagne,ˆ 402 French invasion by, 34 toward Nancy, 384 Langres and, 518–519, 534 Wrede’s communication to, 380 in Leipzig, 12 at Zweibrucken,¨ 251 Metternich and, 554 St. Aignan, Nicolas-Auguste, 50, 51–52, Mortier’s delay of, 501 60 Napoleon and, 37, 40, 363 St. Avold Wrede’s strategy for, 383 Blucher¨ in, 348 Schwarzenberg, communications, 108, 524, Marmont and, 262, 265 546–547 St. Cyr, Claude Carra (General), 87 on Alexander’s strategy, 49, 525–526 St. Cyr, Laurent Gouvion (Marshal), 70 on Allied invasion, 133, 512, 549–550 St. Die´ on Blucher,¨ 330–331, 333 Deroy’s maneuvers toward, 317 on French army, 302–303, 330 Treuberg’s maneuvers toward, 319 to Hesse-Homburg, 282 Victor’s army attack of, 310–311 on Metternich’s peace proposal, 552 Wrede’s maneuvers toward, 380 on Mortier’s retreat, 514 St. Dizier on Napoleon’s “chess match,” 524 Sherbatov’s attack of, 488 on Napoleon’s command, 524 Victor and, 484, 485, 488 on Paris invasion, 537, 550 Ste. Croix, 197 to Silesian Army, 267 Collaert at, 197 on Wrede’s strategy, 382 Hardegg at, 220 Schwarzenberg, Karl Philip zu (Prince), Korin at, 196 137–144, 176, 189, 193, 198, 199–200, 257, Montel´ egier’s´ Dragoons at, 196–197 276–277, 329, 331–332, 333 Wurttembergers¨ at, 278 as Allied Commander in Chief, 8–9, 496 St. Priest, Guillaume-Guignard (General), 130, Alsatian guerilla war and, 197 225 Austrian Auxiliary Corps and, 5 in Koblenz, 232 Blucher¨ and, 256–257, 287 Rhine maneuvers by, 232, 241 Bubna’s communication to, 302 St. Sulpice, Raymond-Gaspard de Bonardi de Campana on, 139 (General), 273 Disposition of 6–8 January 1814 and, 285, at Bischwiller, 280, 289 287 at Dettwiller, 289 in Franche-Comte,´ 305 Segur´ support for, 273 Frederick William’s communication to, Saverne, 354 316–317 Pahlen’s Cavalry Corps at, 301 on French insurrection, 282, 284 Savoie Department, 295 Janson on, 139–140 Savoy, 510 Langenau’s relationship with, 138–139 Saxony annexation, 335 Marie Louise and, 138 Scheibler, Karl (Colonel), 189 Metternich and, 138, 288, 492 Scheibler’s Streifkorps, 194, 199, 210, 220, on Napoleon’s peace talks, 257 274–275, 277, 278, 281, 325, 331 Proclamation to “People of France,” Bohemian Army and, 210 498 Scheither, Georg (General), 191 Radetzky and, 17, 35 Schell (Captain), 194 Rhine crossing by, 140–141 Schmidt, Johann Heinrich Otto (Colonel) Sherbatov’s report to, 292, 332 Metz and, 395, 399, 402 Swiss neutrality and, 30–31 Saarlouis attack by, 395 Thurn’s report to, 280, 282, 293 in Yorck’s Reserve Artillery, 394 Wrede’s communication on, 316 Schramm, Jean-Adam (General), 108 Schwarzenberg, maneuvers, 275, 281, 493, 519, Schwarzenberg, army of, 5, 138, 201, 281, 287, 523 288, 305, 334, 492, 524 Alexander’s orders for, 526 in Alsace, 286–287 Metternich’s orders for, 520 Besanc¸on reconnoiter by, 329 at the Rhine, 333 Clausewitz’s communication on, 334 Switzerland and, 36, 189–191, 205 in France, 24, 205 toward Bar-sur-Aube, 532 in Franche-Comte,´ 221 toward Troyes, 552

682 Index

Schwarzenberg, strategies, 142–143, 206, Sherbatov, Cossacks of, 292, 310, 321 255–256, 257, 274, 281, 285–286, 303, Flegny capture by, 324 304–305, 332, 333, 334, 380, 519, 520–521, Sherbatov, Nikolay Grigorievich, II (General), 526, 533 210, 292 for Allied invasion, 511–512, 523, 551, 552 Sherbatov, reports, 310, 324 for Army Group Alsace, 474, 519 on Chalons-en-Champagne,ˆ 474 for Army Group Langres, 294 on Ligny, 481–482 on Bar-sur-Aube offensive, 526 to Schwarzenberg, 292, 332 for Blucher’s¨ army, 381, 383 Sherbatov, strategies for Bohemian Army, 143–144, 256, 497 for Chalons-en-Champagne,ˆ 384 for Bubna’s army, 212 French Army and, 485 for Chalons-en-Champagne,ˆ 474, 519 Ligny and, 484, 485–486 for Chaumont, 515 St. Dizier and, 488 Clausewitz’s confusion over, 519 Victor’s communication on, 484 on French counteroffensive, 334 Sherbatov, Streifkorps of, 279, 445, 481 Gneisenau’s communication on, 383 Army Group Vosges and, 302 for Langres, 382 in Chalaines, 459 on levee-en-masse,´ 497 Defrance’s Dragoons and, 457 Napoleonic principles of war vs., 532 French Army and, 312, 457 Napoleon’s army and, 524 at Joinville, 476–477, 480 on Napoleon’s “chess match,” 525 Platov and, 312, 316 for Pahlen’s Cavalry Corps, 383 Silesia, Army of, 129, 182, 214, 218, 223, 224, for Paris invasion, 553 235, 247, 251, 263, 348 for Platov’s Cossack Corps, 524 Alexander’s proposal and, 27 for Radetzky, 552 Blucher¨ and, 9, 20, 135–136, 365, 403 on Rhine crossing, 330 Bohemian Army support by, 267 for Silesian Army, 329, 383 Gneisenau’s proposals and, 16, 20, 28 Swiss Army and, 37 Kleist’s reinforcements in, 201 for Troyes, 474 Macdonald’s strategy and, 417–418 Weil on, 303, 532–533 Malmedy´ and, 417 for Wittgenstein’s army, 315, 465 Marmont’s communications on, 237–238, for Wrede’s army, 381, 382, 383 307 Sebastiani,´ Horace-Franc¸ois-Bastien (General), Metternich’s orders for, 521 63–64, 65, 174, 178, 413, 430 Mufﬂing¨ and, 19 Allied Army and, 413, 416–417 Napoleonic Principles of War and, 490 on Blucher’s¨ maneuvers, 413–414 Napoleon’s army vs., 13 as V Corps commander, 92 Paris and, 473 Macdonald’s communication to, 165 Radetzky and, 17, 23 Prussian army and, 161, 430 Rhine crossing and, 223, 224, 266 on Russian strategy, 413 Saar crossing by, 265 Second Coalition War, 137 Schwarzenberg and, 267, 329, 383 Mortier in, 499 Valentini’s criticism of, 399 Segur,´ Louis-Phillippe (Senator), 326 Wrede’s strategy for, 381 Segur,´ Phillippe de (General), 66, 273–274, 291, Yorck’s Prussian I Corps and, 11 326, 369, 370 Simbschen, Joseph (Colonel), 212, 271 St. Sulpice support by, 273 Simms, Brendan, Rheinbundist insurance Segur’s´ Honor Guards, 352 policy and, 48 at Bouxwiller, 289 Sixth Coalition War, 20, 44 at Lembach, 280 Austria and, 8, 44 at Rambervillers, 352 Metternich and, 8 Victor’s retreat with, 352 Sjoholm,¨ II (Colonel), 170 Semelle,´ Jean-Baptiste-Pierre (General), 208 Sorbier, Jean-Barthelemot´ (General), 91 Seslavin, Alexander Nikitich, II (General), 189 Soult, Nicolas-Jean (Marshal), 71 Seven Years War, 134 Spain, 3 Janson on, 39 Bourbons of, 70 Shakhovsky, Ivan Leontievich (General), 280 Spleny, Ignaz (General), 198 Sherbatov, Aleksey Grigorievich, I (General), Stanhope, James, on Dutch war effort, 160 130, 348 Steffens, Professor Heinrich, 14

Index 683

Stein, Heinrich Friedrich Karl, 33, 47, 135 Thielemann, Johann Adolf (General), 174 Allied aggrandizement and, 47 Thiers, Adolphe, 15, 18, 60, 68, 73, 78 Metternich and, 47, 497 on National Guard, 72 Rheinbund collapse and, 47 Thionville, 367 Stewart and, 497 Henkel’s Streifkorps at, 347 Stewart, Charles Horn and, 367, 390 Frankfurt Proposals and, 58 Pirch at, 397 Gneisenau’s proposals and, 16 Yorck’s strategy at, 397 Napoleon’s peace talks and, 53 Third Coalition War, 500 on Russian army’s strategy, 544 Thiry, Jean, 55, 76 Stockmayer, Ludwig (General), 322 Thiry, Nicolas-Marin (General), 172 at Colombey-les-deux-Eglies,´ 528 Tholen, 159, 166 Wurttembergers¨ and, 189 Three Allied monarchs Stoßel,¨ Hermann Otto (Lt.-Col.), 239, 243 Alexander as, 43 Saar crossing by, 264 Francis I as, 43 Strasbourg, 215 Frederick William as, 43 Ney’s army at, 143 objective of, 43 Victor’s army at, 214–216, 221, 222 Thumen,¨ Heinrich Ludwig (General), 153, 427 Wrede’s army at, 221 at Antwerp, 440 Stroganov, Pavel Aleksandrovich (General), Bulow¨ on, 427 145 at Loenhout, 423 Stutterheim, Leopold (Colonel), 251 Marie Louise’s and, 426 at Bayonville, 399 at Merxem, 425 at Metz, 399 Oppen’s maneuver and, 421 at the Saar, 252–253 at Wuustwezel, 421 as Yorck’s advance guard, 347 Thurn, Streifkorps of, 210, 282, 325–328, 331 Subervie, Jacques-Gervais (General), 477 as Army Group Langres, 286 at the Ornain, 477 at Besanc¸on, 270 Suchet, Louis-Gabriel (Marshal), 71, 330 levee-en-masse´ disruption by, 271 Napoleon’s orders for, 507 Mortier’s army and, 501–503 Suvoroy, Aleksandr Vasilievich (General), 90 Thurn-Taxis (Prince), 214, 254–255, 329, 381, Sweden, 22 505. See also Thurn, Streifkorps of treaty of, 7 coup-de-main by, 270, 294 Switzerland, 188 to Schwarzenberg, 280, 282, 293 Alexander and, 30, 32, 36 toward Paris, 286 Allied strategy and, 30, 31 to Wrede, 214, 381 Austria and, 30, 36 Tilsit treaty, 1, 135 Austro-Russian dispute and, 32 Tirailleur Division, 420 Franco-Swiss alliance of 1803 and, 32 Toll, Karl Fedorovich (General), 128 Metternich and, 36–37, 62 to Volkonsky, 210 Radetzky’s proposal for, 191 Toul Schwarzenberg and, 30–31, 36, 37, 189–191, Biron’s Steifkorps at, 445 205 Briche and, 370, 378 Sydow, Hans Joachim (Lt. Col.), 152 Chaudron at, 379 at Aymard, 422 Honor Guard Regiment evacuation of, at Hoogstraten, 422 378 Lheritier’s´ 4th Dragoon Division at, 370, Tallyrand, Charles-Maurice, 82–83 378 Talyzin, Fedor Ivanovich, III (General), 231 Milhaud’s evacuation of, 378 Tauentzien, Bogislav Friedrich Emanuel Pire’s´ maneuvers at, 370 (General), 404 Sacken’s army at, 465 Tauroggen convention, 4, 6, 241 Sherbatov’s maneuvers toward, 445 Taylor, Herbert (Major General), 159 Victor and, 361, 370 Teplitz Accords, 10, 494 Trachenberg Plan, 9, 200, 305 Germany and, 48 Blucher¨ and, 9 Kalisch-Breslau agreement and, 44–45 Napoleon and, 40 Metternich and, 56, 520 Traille, Nikolas von Maillot de la (General), Thiaucourt, 459 291

684 Index

treaties in Gerbeviller,´ 355 Breslau, 5 at Luneville,´ 354, 368 Campo Formio, 54 Marmont’s army and, 267, 387 Fulda, 46 Napoleon’s army vs., 115 Kalisch, 5 National Guard and, 98–99, 378–379 Luneville,´ 54 Ney’s strategy for, 368 Reichenbach, 56 at the Ornain, 477 Ried, 45 Rousseau’s retreat and, 351 Sweden, 5 St. Dieattackby,´ 310–311 Tilsit, 1, 135 in St. Nicolas, 358 Treuberg, Friedrich (Colonel), 197 in Strasbourg, 214–216, 221, 222 Max-Joseph Military Order for, 319 Victor, Claude (Marshal), 202–203, 217, 306, toward St. Die,´ 319 307, 308, 320, 338, 352, 482 Trier, Henkel’s Streifkorps at, 247, 248, 258, 374 Berthier’s orders to, 335–336 Troyes as Duke of Bellune, 98 Army Group Langres toward, 474 French marshalate and, 444 Napoleon’s strategy at, 326 Gerard’s´ communication to, 308 Russo-Prussian Guard and Reserve toward, as I Corps commander, 98 474–475 on Molsheim, 276 Schwarzenberg and, 474, 552 Napoleon and, 215, 290, 386, 444, 447, 463 Turenne, Henri, 64 Ney’s communications to, 355 tel´ egraphique´ use of, 274 Upper Alsace, 297 Victor, communications, 203, 274, 307–308, Upper Rhine, Victor’s army at, 119, 192, 201, 352, 355, 357, 368, 369, 372, 376, 377, 378, 206 452, 456, 458, 462, 481 Utrecht, 150, 159 on Alastian fortress, 203 on Allied invasion, 320, 456, 468 Valence, Jean-Baptiste (Senator), 326 to Berthier, 279, 289, 297, 570–572 at Besanc¸on, 284 on Bohemian Army’s maneuvers, 483 Valentini, Wilhelm, 243 on Coalition forces, 476 Luxembourg and, 390 on Contamine’s discovery, 456 Silesian Army criticism by, 399 on Duhesme’s maneuvers, 462–463 Gneisenau’s communication to, 536 on French Army’s defense, 452 Napoleon’s command and, 536 on French cavalry plight, 377 Vandamme, Dominique-Joseph-Rene´ to Grouchy, 308–309 (General), 10 Marmont and, 468 Vasilchikov, Illarion Vasilievich (General), 381 on Metz evacuation, 377–378 Berthier’s orders and, 481 on Milhaud, 203 Lheritier’s´ 4th Dragoon Division and, 477 Napoleon and, 202, 379, 463–464, 468 at Ligny, 481 on Pire’s´ maneuvers, 462–463 Pire´ and, 481 on Platov’s maneuvers, 470 Vauban, Sebastien´ la Prestre de, 113 on St. Dizier, 484 Vaudoncourt, Guillaume (General), 79 on Sherbatov’s attack, 484 Allied strategy and, 39 Victor, maneuvers, 352 Venlo Allied Army and, 297, 451 Macdonald’s maneuvers toward, 417 at Baccarat, 311 Molitor’s maneuvers toward, 177, 417 Berthier’s orders for, 483–484, 485, 488 Verdun at Joinville, 483 Jurgaß’s¨ maneuvers near, 459 Marmont’s communication on, 461 Marmont’s army at, 437, 458, 480 Napoleon’s strategy for, 464 Victor’s maneuvers at, 451 at the Rhine, 111, 199 Voltigeur Divisions at, 449 at Toul, 361, 370 Yorck’s Reserve Cavalry at, 465, 480 toward the Meuse, 378, 444 Verdun, Jean-Franc¸ois (Colonel), 108 toward Rambervillers, 320 Vesoul, Thurn’s coup de main at, 270 toward St. Dizier, 485 Victor, army of, 96, 202, 215, 290, 301, 306, at the Upper Rhine, 119, 192, 201, 206 307, 308, 309, 336–337, 351, 368, 454, 478 at Verdun, 451 Allied maneuvers and, 463 Victor, replacement Biron’s maneuvers and, 458 Berthier and, 470

Index 685

Napoleon’s orders for, 464 Wellesley, Arthur, Duke of Wellington, 3 Victor, retreats, 275–276, 290, 298, 358, 469, Wesel, 160 476, 483 Macdonald’s strategy for, 432 from Alsace, 295 Wijnegem Berthier’s communications on, 312, 447, 483 Bulow’s¨ strategy at, 426–427 Blucher’s¨ communications on, 381 East Prussian Fusilier battalion attack of, 425 Defrance and, 468, 469 Kolberg Fusilier battalion at, 425 Duhesme’s maneuvers in, 469 Maison’s counterattack on, 426 French morale over, 295, 468 Oppen’s attack of, 425 Marmont’s communications on, 298, 479 Zastrow’s attack of, 425 from the Meuse, 465, 475 Wilhelm, Friedrich (Major), 229 Milhaud on, 296 Brandenburg Fusilier Battalion of, 229 from Nancy, 370 Willeroncourt, 475 Napoleon’s strategy and, 299, 300, 312–313, William Frederick (King William), 146, 157, 342, 379 160, 167, 184 Ney’s communications on, 358, 359, 453 in Amsterdam, 157 Pahlen’s Cavalry Corps and, 292 William, Henry (Prince), 439 Platov’s maneuvers and, 469–470 William (Prince of Prussia), 239, 246, 264, 271, with Segur’s´ Honor Guards, 352 348–349, 395–396 toward Luneville,´ 351 Champagne Disposition and, 398 toward St.Nicolas, 355 Janson on, 398 Wrede’s communication on, 303 Jurgaß’s¨ cover of, 374 Victor, strategies, 63–64, 84, 95–99, 108, 207, at Luxembourg, 394 219, 306–307, 310, 311, 338, 483 Saar crossing, 347 Allies and, 306–307, 310, 372, 476 at St. Wendel, 251 blunders in, 216, 222, 289, 290, 368, 370, 386, toward Pont-a-Mousson, 393 452, 458 in Yorck’s strategies, 374 Caulaincourt on, 217, 301, 341 Wilson, Wrede on, 193–194 French army and, 469, 482 Wimpffen, Maximilian (General), 211, 286, for Ligny, 478, 482, 484 505–506 for the Meuse, 378, 456–457 Wintzingerode, Ferdinand Federovich for Nancy, 360 (General), 19, 162–163, 438 Napoleon rebukes of, 446 Alexander and, 412 for the Ornain, 478, 479 Antwerp and, 409 for St. Dizier defense, 488 Bernadotte and, 162–163, 410, 411 for Toul, 361 Blucher’s¨ communications on, 163, 365 Vieuville, Auguste-Joseph de la (Prefect), 112, Boyen’s communication to, 411 192 Bulow¨ and, 163, 411 Villot de Freville,´ Jean-Baptiste-Maximilien in Bulow’s¨ strategies, 409 (Prefect), 357 Macdonald and, 410 Volkmann, Anton (General), 293 Rhine crossing and, 410 Volkonsky, Sergey Grigorievich (Prince), 128 on Russian Cossacks, 412 Toll’s communication to, 210 toward Liege,` 473 Voltigeur Divisions, 218 Wittenberg, 11 at Verdun, 449 Wittgenstein, Peter Khristianovich (Prince), Vorontsov, Mikhail Semenovich (General), 145 199, 216–217, 219, 254, 282, 285, 288, 301, Vosges Department 315, 346 Flegny’s letter to, 565 Army Group Alsace and, 285 Frederick William evacuation of, 338 Bohemian Army and, 303 Ney’s defense communications on, 359–360 at Ft. d’Alsace, 273 at Ft. Vauban, 272 Wagram, 68 at Kehl, 200 Warburg, Freidrich Wilhelm (Colonel), 243 Metz march to, 346 Wathiez, Franc¸ois-Isidore, 169 at Rastatt, 207 Webster, Charles (General), 51 Rhine crossing and, 206, 271 Weil, Maurice Schwarzenberg’s strategies for, 315, 465 on Platov, 322 toward Nancy, 480–481 on Schwarzenberg’s strategy, 303, 532–533 Wober¨ (Major), 210 Weissenwolf, Nicolaus (General), 191 Streifkorps of, 211

686 Index

Woisky, Friedrich (Major), 459 Wurttemberg,¨ Ferdinand (Duke), Austrian Worms, 110 Army Reserves under, 131 Wrangel, Friedrich (Colonel) at Luxembourg, 395 Yorck, army of, 267, 348, 393 Wrede, army of, 301, 313, 315–316, 325, 337, Blucher’s¨ strategy for, 241, 251, 392, 402–403 380, 383 at Forbach, 347 at Cernay, 275 Hunerbein¨ and, 228 at Colmar, 278 Marmont and, 251 at Epinal,´ 360 Rhine bridge and, 230 in France, 191–192 Stutterheim and, 347 German I Corps and, 126 Yorck, Hans David Ludwig (General), 4, 392, at Huningue, 193–194, 213 404 at Luneville,´ 368 Blucher¨ and, 251, 393, 401, 402, 405 Pahlen’s maneuvers with, 465 Champagne Disposition and, 389–390, 392, Prussian army and, 214 394 Schwarzenberg and, 381, 382, 383 Gneisenau and, 404, 405 at Strasbourg, 221 to Jurgaß,¨ 393 Wrede, Karl Philipp (General), 13, 198, 220, Luxembourg and, 391, 392, 396 315–316, 325, 381 on Metz defense, 400 on Allied Army’s unity, 382 on Pirch’s maneuvers, 397 Army Group Alsace, formation by, Yorck, maneuvers, 444 285 Marmont and, 252 Blucher’s¨ communication to, 255 at the Saar, 264 Metz march to, 346 toward Luxembourg, 473 on Paris invasion, 382 toward Metz, 366, 398 on Sacken’s army, 380 toward the Moselle, 348 on Schwarzenberg, 316 Yorck, Prussian I Corps of, 225, 239, 246 on Silesian Army support, 381 Silesian Army and, 11 Thurn’s report to, 214, 381 Yorck, Reserve Artillery of, 394 on Victor’s retreat, 303 Schmidt, in, 394 on Wilson, 193–194 Yorck, Reserve Cavalry of, 348 Wrede, maneuvers, 291–298, 315, 465 to Henkel’s Steifkorps, 267 Blucher’s¨ communication on, 473 Marmont’s retreat and, 444 toward Remiremont, 303–304 at Verdun, 465, 480 toward St. Die,´ 380 Yorck, strategies, 347, 374, 389, 392, 393 toward Ste. Marie, 313 Gneisenau’s communication on, 395 Wrede, strategies, 381 at Luxembourg, 394, 396 Blucher¨ and, 381 Marmont’s army and, 374 Schwarzenberg and, 382, 383 Metz and, 400, 401, 402, 404 for Silesian Army, 381 Mufﬂing¨ on, 403 Wurttemberg,¨ Adam (Prince), 322 Prince William in, 374 Wurttemberg,¨ Alexander (Duke), on Rhine crossing, 226, 228, 260 Russo-Prussian alliance and, 70 at Thionville, 397 Wurttembergers,¨ 125–126, 199, 213, 302, 324, Young Guard, Napoleon’s army and, 70 337, 360, 529 at Chaumont, 517 Zaltbommel, 170, 172 at Epinal,´ 293, 316 Zass, Alexander Pavlovich, II (General), 230 French army and, 514, 523, 525 Zastrow, Wilhelm Ernst (Lt. Col.), 154 Grenadiers-a-pied` and, 517 at Arnhem, 156 at Mulhouse, 221 Wijnegem attack by, 425 at Neuf-Brisach, 282 Zechmeister, Theophil Joseph (General), 212, Pahlen’s support by, 445 510, 511 at Ste. Croix, 278 in Chambery,´ 510 Stockmayer and, 189 Zglinitzki, Karl Friedrich (Major), 154, 155, at Vauvillers, 505 170, 172–173 Wurttemberg,¨ Eugene (Duke), 271, 313 Zielinsky, Karl Heinrich, 241 toward Nancy, 474 Zoller, Friedrich Johann (General), 275