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ECO-Ssls for Pahs
Ecological Soil Screening Levels for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Interim Final OSWER Directive 9285.7-78 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. Washington, DC 20460 June 2007 This page intentionally left blank TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION .......................................................1 2.0 SUMMARY OF ECO-SSLs FOR PAHs......................................1 3.0 ECO-SSL FOR TERRESTRIAL PLANTS....................................4 5.0 ECO-SSL FOR AVIAN WILDLIFE.........................................8 6.0 ECO-SSL FOR MAMMALIAN WILDLIFE..................................8 6.1 Mammalian TRV ...................................................8 6.2 Estimation of Dose and Calculation of the Eco-SSL ........................9 7.0 REFERENCES .........................................................16 7.1 General PAH References ............................................16 7.2 References Used for Derivation of Plant and Soil Invertebrate Eco-SSLs ......17 7.3 References Rejected for Use in Derivation of Plant and Soil Invertebrate Eco-SSLs ...............................................................18 7.4 References Used in Derivation of Wildlife TRVs .........................25 7.5 References Rejected for Use in Derivation of Wildlife TRV ................28 i LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 PAH Eco-SSLs (mg/kg dry weight in soil) ..............................4 Table 3.1 Plant Toxicity Data - PAHs ..........................................5 Table 4.1 -
“Biosynthesis of Morphine in Mammals”
“Biosynthesis of Morphine in Mammals” D i s s e r t a t i o n zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) vorgelegt der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät I Biowissenschaften der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg von Frau Nadja Grobe geb. am 21.08.1981 in Querfurt Gutachter /in 1. 2. 3. Halle (Saale), Table of Contents I INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................1 II MATERIAL & METHODS ........................................................................................ 10 1 Animal Tissue ....................................................................................................... 10 2 Chemicals and Enzymes ....................................................................................... 10 3 Bacteria and Vectors ............................................................................................ 10 4 Instruments ........................................................................................................... 11 5 Synthesis ................................................................................................................ 12 5.1 Preparation of DOPAL from Epinephrine (according to DUNCAN 1975) ................. 12 5.2 Synthesis of (R)-Norlaudanosoline*HBr ................................................................. 12 5.3 Synthesis of [7D]-Salutaridinol and [7D]-epi-Salutaridinol ..................................... 13 6 Application Experiments ..................................................................................... -
Morphine Julie Brousseau a Thesis Submitted
Synthesis of Carbocycles Using Coinage Metal Catalysis and Formal Synthesis of (±)-Morphine Julie Brousseau A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctorate in Philosophy degree in Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences Faculty of Science University of Ottawa © Julie Brousseau, Ottawa, Canada, 2020 ABSTRACT Coinage metals such as copper, silver and gold have captivated mankind with their desirable qualities and social value. Recently, these metals have peaked the interests of scientists, where organic chemists have used them extensively in the homogenous catalysis of organic transformations. In our laboratory, we exploited their � -Lewis acidic properties to activate alkyne to induce intramolecular cyclization of nucleophilic enol ethers. We discovered that modulating the steric and electronic profiles of the ancillary ligand on the cationic metal complexes allowed for the regioselective control of such reactions. During the exploration of the substrate dependency of these transformations, we discovered that unsubstituted alkynes undergo a 6-endo-dig/acetalization/Prins reaction cascade in the presence of a silver salt such as [(BrettPhos)Ag(MeCN)]SbF6, resulting in the formation of highly strained polycycles. We have demonstrated that the formation of these products is initiated by a selective 6-endo-dig cyclization. Further mechanistic studies suggested that the reaction may occur through silver dual catalysis using deuterium-labelling experiments, however, single activation of the starting material would lead to the same product and thus both mechanisms were proposed. The further reactivity of these interesting polycyclic products was also explored. ii OTIPS R2 O OTIPS R1 [(BrettPhos)Ag(MeCN)]SbF6 (10 mol%) DCM, 60°C, 36h R1 9 Examples O R2 23-95% Yields Via O H/[Ag] R1 [Ag] O R2 Total synthesis of natural products is often referred to as an art, as it defines the boundaries of organic chemistry. -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,687,445 B2 Li (45) Date of Patent: Jun
USOO9687445B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,687,445 B2 Li (45) Date of Patent: Jun. 27, 2017 (54) ORAL FILM CONTAINING OPIATE (56) References Cited ENTERC-RELEASE BEADS U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS (75) Inventor: Michael Hsin Chwen Li, Warren, NJ 7,871,645 B2 1/2011 Hall et al. (US) 2010/0285.130 A1* 11/2010 Sanghvi ........................ 424/484 2011 0033541 A1 2/2011 Myers et al. 2011/0195989 A1* 8, 2011 Rudnic et al. ................ 514,282 (73) Assignee: LTS Lohmann Therapie-Systeme AG, Andernach (DE) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS CN 101703,777 A 2, 2001 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this DE 10 2006 O27 796 A1 12/2007 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 WO WOOO,32255 A1 6, 2000 U.S.C. 154(b) by 338 days. WO WO O1/378O8 A1 5, 2001 WO WO 2007 144080 A2 12/2007 (21) Appl. No.: 13/445,716 (Continued) OTHER PUBLICATIONS (22) Filed: Apr. 12, 2012 Pharmaceutics, edited by Cui Fude, the fifth edition, People's Medical Publishing House, Feb. 29, 2004, pp. 156-157. (65) Prior Publication Data Primary Examiner — Bethany Barham US 2013/0273.162 A1 Oct. 17, 2013 Assistant Examiner — Barbara Frazier (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — ProPat, L.L.C. (51) Int. Cl. (57) ABSTRACT A6 IK 9/00 (2006.01) A control release and abuse-resistant opiate drug delivery A6 IK 47/38 (2006.01) oral wafer or edible oral film dosage to treat pain and A6 IK 47/32 (2006.01) substance abuse is provided. -
SENATE BILL No. 52
As Amended by Senate Committee Session of 2017 SENATE BILL No. 52 By Committee on Public Health and Welfare 1-20 1 AN ACT concerning the uniform controlled substances act; relating to 2 substances included in schedules I, II and V; amending K.S.A. 2016 3 Supp. 65-4105, 65-4107 and 65-4113 and repealing the existing 4 sections. 5 6 Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Kansas: 7 Section 1. K.S.A. 2016 Supp. 65-4105 is hereby amended to read as 8 follows: 65-4105. (a) The controlled substances listed in this section are 9 included in schedule I and the number set forth opposite each drug or 10 substance is the DEA controlled substances code which has been assigned 11 to it. 12 (b) Any of the following opiates, including their isomers, esters, 13 ethers, salts, and salts of isomers, esters and ethers, unless specifically 14 excepted, whenever the existence of these isomers, esters, ethers and salts 15 is possible within the specific chemical designation: 16 (1) Acetyl fentanyl (N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)- 17 N-phenylacetamide)......................................................................9821 18 (2) Acetyl-alpha-methylfentanyl (N-[1-(1-methyl-2-phenethyl)-4- 19 piperidinyl]-N-phenylacetamide)..................................................9815 20 (3) Acetylmethadol.............................................................................9601 21 (4) AH-7921 (3.4-dichloro-N-[(1- 22 dimethylaminocyclohexylmethyl]benzamide)...............................9551 23 (4)(5) Allylprodine...........................................................................9602 -
Opioid Receptorsreceptors
OPIOIDOPIOID RECEPTORSRECEPTORS defined or “classical” types of opioid receptor µ,dk and . Alistair Corbett, Sandy McKnight and Graeme Genes encoding for these receptors have been cloned.5, Henderson 6,7,8 More recently, cDNA encoding an “orphan” receptor Dr Alistair Corbett is Lecturer in the School of was identified which has a high degree of homology to Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow the “classical” opioid receptors; on structural grounds Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, this receptor is an opioid receptor and has been named Glasgow G4 0BA, UK. ORL (opioid receptor-like).9 As would be predicted from 1 Dr Sandy McKnight is Associate Director, Parke- their known abilities to couple through pertussis toxin- Davis Neuroscience Research Centre, sensitive G-proteins, all of the cloned opioid receptors Cambridge University Forvie Site, Robinson possess the same general structure of an extracellular Way, Cambridge CB2 2QB, UK. N-terminal region, seven transmembrane domains and Professor Graeme Henderson is Professor of intracellular C-terminal tail structure. There is Pharmacology and Head of Department, pharmacological evidence for subtypes of each Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical receptor and other types of novel, less well- Sciences, University of Bristol, University Walk, characterised opioid receptors,eliz , , , , have also been Bristol BS8 1TD, UK. postulated. Thes -receptor, however, is no longer regarded as an opioid receptor. Introduction Receptor Subtypes Preparations of the opium poppy papaver somniferum m-Receptor subtypes have been used for many hundreds of years to relieve The MOR-1 gene, encoding for one form of them - pain. In 1803, Sertürner isolated a crystalline sample of receptor, shows approximately 50-70% homology to the main constituent alkaloid, morphine, which was later shown to be almost entirely responsible for the the genes encoding for thedk -(DOR-1), -(KOR-1) and orphan (ORL ) receptors. -
Problems of Drug Dependence 1980 Proceedings of the 42Nd Annual Scientific Meeting the Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence
National Institute on Drug Abuse MONOGRAPH SERIES Problems of Drug Dependence 1980 Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Scientific Meeting The Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES • Public Health Service • Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration Problems of Drug Dependence, 1980 Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Scientific Meeting, The Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc. Editor: Louis S. Harris, Ph.D. NIDA Research Monograph 34 February 1981 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration National Institute on Drug Abuse Division of Research 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, Maryland 20857 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 The NIDA Research Monograph series is prepared by the Division of Research of the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Its primary objective is to provide critical reviews of research problem areas and techniques, the content of state-of-the-art conferences, integrative research reviews and significant original research. Its dual publication emphasis is rapid and targeted dissemination to the scientific and professional community. Editorial Advisory Board Avram Goldstein, M.D. Addiction Research Foundation Palo Alto, California Jerome Jaffe, M.D. College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University, New York Reese T. Jones, M.D. Langley Porter Neuropsychiatric Institute University of California San Francisco, California William McGlothlin, Ph.D. Deportment of Psychology, UCLA Los Angeles, California Jack Mendelson, M.D. Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center Harvard Medical School McLean Hospital Belmont, Massachusetts Helen Nowlis, Ph.D. Office of Drug Education, DHHS Washington, D.C Lee Robins, Ph.D. -
Morphinone Reductase for the Preparation Of
Europäisches Patentamt *EP000649465B1* (19) European Patent Office Office européen des brevets (11) EP 0 649 465 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.7: C12N 9/02, C12P 17/18, of the grant of the patent: C12Q 1/32 24.07.2002 Bulletin 2002/30 (86) International application number: (21) Application number: 93913236.1 PCT/GB93/01129 (22) Date of filing: 28.05.1993 (87) International publication number: WO 94/00565 (06.01.1994 Gazette 1994/02) (54) MORPHINONE REDUCTASE FOR THE PREPARATION OF HYDROMORPHONE AND HYDROCODONE MORPHINONE REDUKTASE ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON HYDROMORPHONE UND HYDROCODONE MORPHINONE REDUCTASE DESTINEE A LA PREPARATION D’HYDROMORPHONE ET D’HYDROCODONE (84) Designated Contracting States: (74) Representative: Perry, Robert Edward AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB IE IT LI NL PT SE GILL JENNINGS & EVERY Broadgate House (30) Priority: 25.06.1992 GB 9213524 7 Eldon Street London EC2M 7LH (GB) (43) Date of publication of application: 26.04.1995 Bulletin 1995/17 (56) References cited: WO-A-90/13634 (73) Proprietor: MACFARLAN SMITH LIMITED Edinburgh EH11 2QA (GB) • THE BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL vol. 274, no. 3, 15 March 1991, pages 875 - 880 NEIL C. BRUCE ET (72) Inventors: AL. ’Microbial degradation of the morphine • HAILES, Anne, Maria 59 Lower Road alkaloids. Purification and characterization of Kent DA8 1AY (GB) morphine dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas • FRENCH, Christopher, Edward putida M10’ Palmerston North (NZ) • BRUCE, Neil, Charles Cambridge CB2 1ND (GB) Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted. -
Ancestral Class-Promiscuity As a Driver of Functional Diversity in the BAHD
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.18.385815; this version posted November 20, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Ancestral class-promiscuity as a driver of functional diversity in the 2 BAHD acyltransferase family in plants 3 Lars H. Kruse1, Austin T. Weigle3, Jesús Martínez-Gómez1,2, Jason D. Chobirko1,5, Jason 4 E. Schaffer6, Alexandra A. Bennett1,7, Chelsea D. Specht1,2, Joseph M. Jez6, Diwakar 5 Shukla4, Gaurav D. Moghe1* 6 Footnotes: 7 1 Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, 8 NY, 14853, USA 9 2 L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA 10 3 Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, 11 USA 12 4 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana- 13 Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA 14 5 Present address: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, 15 Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA 16 6 Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA 17 7 Present address: Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, 18 Vienna, 1190, Austria 19 20 * Corresponding author: [email protected] 21 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.18.385815; this version posted November 20, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. -
Effect of Anticancer Agents on Codeinone-Induced Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cell Lines
ANTICANCER RESEARCH 25: 4037-4042 (2005) Effect of Anticancer Agents on Codeinone-induced Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cell Lines RISA TAKEUCHI1,2, HIROSHI HOSHIJIMA1,2, NORIKO ONUKI1,2, HIROSHI NAGASAKA1, SHAHEAD ALI CHOWDHURY3, MASAMI KAWASE4 and HIROSHI SAKAGAMI2 1Division of Anesthesiology, Department of Comprehensive Medical Sciences, 2Division of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, and 3MPL (Meikai Phamaco-Medical Laboratory), Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283; 4Faculty of Phamaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan Abstract. The possible apoptosis-inducing activity of Opioids have been given to patients with cancer pain, codeinone, an oxidative metabolite of codeine, without or according to the WHO ladder against pain (4). According with anticancer drugs, was investigated. Codeinone induced to reports of Ventafridda et al., pain occurs in more than internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in human 50% of cancer patients, and the administration of opioids promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60), but not in human manifests significantly higher therapeutic effects against squamous cell carcinoma cells (HSC-2). Codeinone dose- cancer pain, compared with non-narcotics (5, 6). Although dependently activated caspase-3 in both of these cells, but to opioids have been used for patients in clinical situations, the a much lesser extent than that attained by actinomycin D. anticancer action of opioids has not been well investigated. This property of codeinone was similar to what we have Both opioids and anticancer drugs have been simultaneously found previously in ·,‚-unsaturated ketones. Codeinone did given for pain in cancer patients. However, there has been not activate caspase-8 or caspase-9 in these cells. -
Drugs of Abuseon September Archived 13-10048 No
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION WWW.DEA.GOV 9, 2014 on September archived 13-10048 No. v. Stewart, in U.S. cited Drugs of2011 Abuse EDITION A DEA RESOURCE GUIDE V. Narcotics WHAT ARE NARCOTICS? Also known as “opioids,” the term "narcotic" comes from the Greek word for “stupor” and originally referred to a variety of substances that dulled the senses and relieved pain. Though some people still refer to all drugs as “narcot- ics,” today “narcotic” refers to opium, opium derivatives, and their semi-synthetic substitutes. A more current term for these drugs, with less uncertainty regarding its meaning, is “opioid.” Examples include the illicit drug heroin and pharmaceutical drugs like OxyContin®, Vicodin®, codeine, morphine, methadone and fentanyl. WHAT IS THEIR ORIGIN? The poppy papaver somniferum is the source for all natural opioids, whereas synthetic opioids are made entirely in a lab and include meperidine, fentanyl, and methadone. Semi-synthetic opioids are synthesized from naturally occurring opium products, such as morphine and codeine, and include heroin, oxycodone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone. Teens can obtain narcotics from friends, family members, medicine cabinets, pharmacies, nursing 2014 homes, hospitals, hospices, doctors, and the Internet. 9, on September archived 13-10048 No. v. Stewart, in U.S. cited What are common street names? Street names for various narcotics/opioids include: ➔ Hillbilly Heroin, Lean or Purple Drank, OC, Ox, Oxy, Oxycotton, Sippin Syrup What are their forms? Narcotics/opioids come in various forms including: ➔ T ablets, capsules, skin patches, powder, chunks in varying colors (from white to shades of brown and black), liquid form for oral use and injection, syrups, suppositories, lollipops How are they abused? ➔ Narcotics/opioids can be swallowed, smoked, sniffed, or injected. -
Feasibility Study on Opium Licensing in Afghanistan
FEASIBILITY STUDY ON OPIUM LICENSING IN AFGHANISTAN FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MORPHINE AND OTHER ESSENTIAL MEDICINES ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﻣﮑﺎﻧﺎت در ﻣﻮرد ﺟﻮاز دهﯽ ﺗﺮﻳﺎک در اﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﺮای ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻮرﻓﻴﻦ و ادوﻳﻪ ﺟﺎت ﺿﺮوری دﻳﮕﺮ Initial Findings – September 2005 Kabul, Afghanistan The British Institute of International and Comparative Law Hugo Warner • University of Calgary Peter Facchini - Jill Hagel University of Ghent Brice De Ruyver - Laurens van Puyenbroeck University of Kabul Abdul Aziz Ali Ahmad - Osman Babury Cheragh Ali Cheragh - Mohammad Yasin Mohsini University of Lisbon Vitalino Canas - Nuno Aureliano • Shruti Patel • University of Toronto Benedikt Fischer Todd Culbert - Juergen Rehm • Wageningen University Jules Bos - Suzanne Pegge • Ali Wardak • The Senlis Council Gabrielle Archer - Juan Arjona - Luke Bryant Marc Das Gupta - Furkat Elmirzaev - Guillaume Fournier Jane Francis - Thalia Ioannidou - Ernestien Jensema Manna Kamio Badiella - Jorrit Kamminga - Fabrice Pothier Emmanuel Reinert - David Spivack - Daniel Werb FEASIBILITY STUDY ON OPIUM LICENSING IN AFGHANISTAN FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MORPHINE AND OTHER ESSENTIAL MEDICINES Initial Findings – September 2005 Kabul, Afghanistan Study Commissioned by The Senlis Council Study Edited and coordinated by David Spivack Editorial team: Juan Arjona, Jane Francis, Thalia Ioannidou, Ernestien Jensema, Manna Kamio Badiella, Fabrice Pothier. Published 2005 by MF Publishing Ltd 17 Queen Anne’s Gate, London SW1H 9BU, UK ISBN: 0-9550798-2-9 Printed and bound in Afghanistan by Jehoon; Printing Press Other publications