DOCSLIB.ORG

Feasibility Study on Opium Licensing in Afghanistan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

FEASIBILITY STUDY ON OPIUM LICENSING IN AFGHANISTAN FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MORPHINE AND OTHER ESSENTIAL MEDICINES ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﻣﮑﺎﻧﺎت در ﻣﻮرد ﺟﻮاز دهﯽ ﺗﺮﻳﺎک در اﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﺮای ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻮرﻓﻴﻦ و ادوﻳﻪ ﺟﺎت ﺿﺮوری دﻳﮕﺮ Initial Findings – September 2005 Kabul, Afghanistan The British Institute of International and Comparative Law Hugo Warner • University of Calgary Peter Facchini - Jill Hagel University of Ghent Brice De Ruyver - Laurens van Puyenbroeck University of Kabul Abdul Aziz Ali Ahmad - Osman Babury Cheragh Ali Cheragh - Mohammad Yasin Mohsini University of Lisbon Vitalino Canas - Nuno Aureliano • Shruti Patel • University of Toronto Benedikt Fischer Todd Culbert - Juergen Rehm • Wageningen University Jules Bos - Suzanne Pegge • Ali Wardak • The Senlis Council Gabrielle Archer - Juan Arjona - Luke Bryant Marc Das Gupta - Furkat Elmirzaev - Guillaume Fournier Jane Francis - Thalia Ioannidou - Ernestien Jensema Manna Kamio Badiella - Jorrit Kamminga - Fabrice Pothier Emmanuel Reinert - David Spivack - Daniel Werb FEASIBILITY STUDY ON OPIUM LICENSING IN AFGHANISTAN FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MORPHINE AND OTHER ESSENTIAL MEDICINES Initial Findings – September 2005 Kabul, Afghanistan Study Commissioned by The Senlis Council Study Edited and coordinated by David Spivack Editorial team: Juan Arjona, Jane Francis, Thalia Ioannidou, Ernestien Jensema, Manna Kamio Badiella, Fabrice Pothier. Published 2005 by MF Publishing Ltd 17 Queen Anne’s Gate, London SW1H 9BU, UK ISBN: 0-9550798-2-9 Printed and bound in Afghanistan by Jehoon; Printing Press Other publications by The Senlis Council A Fourth International The United Nations Drug Convention for Drug Policy Conventions Regime and Promoting Public Health Policy Reform Policies Dr Mads Andenas and David Spivack David Spivack With a foreword by The British Institute of Dr Massimo Barra International & February 2005 Comparative Law August 2003 Global Drug Policy: Building a New Framework Global Drug Policy Contributions to the Lisbon A Historical Perspective International Symposium Guillaume Fournier on Global Drug Policy Université Paris VII – October 2003 organised by CNRS – SEDET The Senlis Council September 2002 February 2004 Illicit Drugs Convention International Drug Policy Reform and the United Status Quaestionis Nations Agencies Brice De Ruyver, Tom Andrew Wilson Vander Beken, Gert September 2002 Vermeulen, Freya Vander Laenen The United Nations Drug Institute for International Control Treaties Research on Criminal Texts of the three United Policy, Ghent University Nations Treaties: 1961, 2003 Maklu Publishers, 1971 and 1988 Antwerp CONTENTS List of academic partners and contributions page 1 Definitions & Glossary – Use of terms 13 Executive Summary 21 Introduction 27 PART I – THE GLOBAL OPIUM-FOR-MEDICINE MARKET 1 Pharmacological aspects of the opium poppy 31 Professor Peter Facchini, University of Calgary, Canada Jill Hagel, MSc, University of Calgary, Canada Dr Professor Osman Babury, University of Kabul, Afghanistan Introduction 1 Description of opioid-bearing poppy species 1.1 Key cultivars of Papaver somniferum L. (opium poppy), both worldwide and with particular focus on opium in Afghanistan 1.2 Papaver bracteatum Lindl (scarlet poppy / thebaine poppy) 2 Role of alkaloids as “parents” (starting materials) for semi-synthetic opioids 2.1 Extraction methods 2.2 “High” and “low” alkaloid content 2.3 Main commercial products of opium poppy 2.4 Codeine and morphine syntheses I 3 Medical uses of opium 3.1 Alkaloids with a medical use 3.2 Medicines based on alkaloids 3.3 Use of medicines based on alkaloids 4 State-of-the-art opium poppy biotechnology 4.1 Description of those poppy types with specialised alkaloid contents which are presently in development 4.2 New candidate poppy types which are being developed, tested for future registration and cultivation 4.3 Possibility of breeding different coloured poppies according to alkaloid content 4.4 Latest developments in in vivo and in vitro biotechnology as well as gene technology. Conclusions 2 Opium based medicines: a mapping of global supply, demand and needs 57 Professor Benedikt Fischer, University of Toronto, Canada Todd Culbert, MA, University of Toronto, Canada 1 Opiate-based medications world needs assessment 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Cancer Pain 1.3 HIV/AIDS Pain 1.4 Post-operative (acute) pain symptoms 1.5 Moderate to severe chronic pain 1.6 World palliative availability 1.7 The situation in Central Asia and Eastern Europe 2 Opioid-based pharmaceuticals: supply and demand 2.1 Global supply of opiate raw materials 2.2 Role of the pharmaceutical industry 2.3 The WHO analgesic method and the global strategy against pain II 3 Licensed opium cultivation and production in the main producing countries 123 Ernestien Jensema, MA, The Senlis Council Gabrielle Archer, The Senlis Council Introduction 1 A brief history of the licensing system 2 The 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 3 India 3.1 Purpose 3.2 Structure 3.3 Economic importance of poppy cultivation 3.4 Efficiency of production 3.5 Economic and social impact of restructuring opium poppy cultivation 4 Australia 4.1 Purpose 4.2 Structure 4.3 Economic importance for the country 4.4 Efficiency of production 4.5 Economic and social impact of restructuring opium poppy cultivation 5 Turkey 5.1 Purpose 5.2 Structure 5.3 Economic importance of cultivation in Turkey 5.4 Efficiency of production 5.5 Economic and social impact of restructuring opium poppy cultivation 6 France 6.1 Purpose 6.2 Structure 6.3 Economic importance for the country 6.4 Efficiency of production Conclusion III PART II – THE CURRENT ILLEGAL OPIUM ECONOMY IN AFGHANISTAN 1 An agronomic characterisation of poppy cultivation in Afghanistan 191 Dr Ir Jules Bos, Wageningen University and Research Centre, the Netherlands 1 Agro-ecological characteristics 1.1 Climate 1.2 The role of agriculture in the Afghan economy 1.3 Irrigation 1.4 Agro-ecological zones 2 Poppy cultivation 2.1 Crop characteristics 2.2 Soil requirements 2.3 Cultivars 2.4 Seed 2.5 Cropping calendar 2.6 Fertilisation 2.7 Pests and diseases 2.8 Irrigation 2.9 Crop management and labour input 2.10 Opium harvesting methods 2.11 Yields 3 Current poppy production in Afghanistan 3.1 Regional distribution 3.2 Regional production 4 Alternative uses of poppy 5 Alternatives to poppy production IV 4.3 Requirement to establish and maintain one or more government agencies 4.4 Requirement not to contribute to overproduction of opium in the world 5 A licensing system in Afghanistan for the manufacture of morphine or codeine for domestic use or export: A Fast Track Procedure 6 A licensing system in Afghanistan for the production of opium for export 6.1 Requirement to protect public health and prevent diversion 6.2 Requirement to establish and maintain one or more government agencies 6.3 Requirement not to contribute to overproduction of opium in the world 6.4 Requirements for license / approval 7 Cultivation of opium poppy for the production of poppy straw 7.1 Requirement to establish and maintain one or more government agencies 7.2 No requirement to apply estimate system 8 The INCB, the Estimate System and the Statistical Returns System 8.1 The Estimate System 8.2 Statistical returns system 8.3 Estimates of drug requirements 8.4 Statistical returns to be furnished to the INCB by Parties 8.5 Other Information to be furnished to the INCB by Parties 9 Measures of supervision and inspection 10 Measures by the Board to ensure the execution of provisions of the Convention 11 Afghanistan’s 1956 Application to Export Opium 12 Overview of the licensing system in other countries and analysis of these systems in the light of the conditions unique to Afghanistan 13 Adapting the international framework to enable licensed opium production in Afghanistan 14 Ad hoc measures to create flexibility in the UN Drugs Conventions Regime 15 Measures to eradicate illegal cultivation of narcotic plants 15.1 The 1961 Convention provisions concerning eradication 15.2 The 1988 Convention provisions concerning eradication VIII Conclusion 2 The Afghan domestic legal framework 433 Professor Ali Wardak David Spivack, The Senlis Council 1 The Afghan Legal System in General 1.2 The Courts and the Judiciary 1.3 Links between Justice Sector Institutions and the Overall Coordination of Legal Policy 1.5 Traditional Justice Systems 2 The Relationship between the Formal Legal System and Traditional Institutions of Informal Justice 3 Potential Legislative Issues in the production of Opium for Medical and Scientific Purposes 3.1 Compatibility with Existing Laws 3.2 The Afghan Constitution and Primary Legislation 3.3 Compatibility of Opium Production for Medicine with Islamic Law 4 Afghanistan’s Existing Counter Narcotics Institutions and their Mandates 4.1 Current Principles and Priorities 4.2 The Current Counter Narcotics Legal Framework 4.3 Specific Institutions and Recent Developments 4.4 Monitoring and Enforcement 4.5 The Courts 4.6 International Assistance to Afghanistan’s Domestic Enforcement 4.7 Other Developments which may Assist Implementation 5 Current Eradication Efforts 5.1 Effectiveness in Addressing Afghanistan’s Illegal Opium Trade 5.2 Challenges to Licensed Opium Production Conclusion IX PART IV – IMPLICATIONS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AN OPIUM LICENSE SYSTEM IN AFGHANISTAN 1 Broad Analysis of the Social Implications of an Opium Licensing System in Afghanistan 483 Fabrice Pothier, MA, The Senlis Council Thalia Ioannidou, MA, The Senlis Council Introduction: National and local considerations 1 Farmers’
Recommended publications
  • Alternative Formats If You Require This Document in an Alternative Format, Please Contact: Openaccess@Bath.Ac.Uk

    Alternative Formats If You Require This Document in an Alternative Format, Please Contact: [email protected]

    University of Bath PHD The extraction and chemistry of the metabolites of Mimosa tenuiflora and Papaver somniferum Ninan, Aleyamma Award date: 1990 Awarding institution: University of Bath Link to publication Alternative formats If you require this document in an alternative format, please contact: [email protected] General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 23. Sep. 2021 THE EXTRACTION AND CHEMISTRY OF THE METABOLITES OF MIMOSA TENUIFLORA AND PAP AVER SOMNIFERUM. submitted by ALEYAMMA NINAN for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of Bath 1990 Attention is drawn to the fact that the copyright of this thesis rests with its author. This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with its author and that no quotation from the thesis and no information derived from it may be published without prior consent of the author.
  • “Biosynthesis of Morphine in Mammals”

    “Biosynthesis of Morphine in Mammals”

    “Biosynthesis of Morphine in Mammals” D i s s e r t a t i o n zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) vorgelegt der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät I Biowissenschaften der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg von Frau Nadja Grobe geb. am 21.08.1981 in Querfurt Gutachter /in 1. 2. 3. Halle (Saale), Table of Contents I INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................1 II MATERIAL & METHODS ........................................................................................ 10 1 Animal Tissue ....................................................................................................... 10 2 Chemicals and Enzymes ....................................................................................... 10 3 Bacteria and Vectors ............................................................................................ 10 4 Instruments ........................................................................................................... 11 5 Synthesis ................................................................................................................ 12 5.1 Preparation of DOPAL from Epinephrine (according to DUNCAN 1975) ................. 12 5.2 Synthesis of (R)-Norlaudanosoline*HBr ................................................................. 12 5.3 Synthesis of [7D]-Salutaridinol and [7D]-epi-Salutaridinol ..................................... 13 6 Application Experiments .....................................................................................
  • Tumblr Jessi Brianna Jessi Brianna

    Tumblr Jessi Brianna Jessi Brianna

    Tumblr jessi brianna Jessi brianna :: printable worksheet for thurgood April 13, 2021, 18:38 :: NAVIGATION :. marshall [X] jbrdasti ki chudaai Codeine to morphine. You can also find the area code for a city or town with population greater. Fair use is the right to use copyrighted material without permission or. A quote [..] doston ne mikar aunty ka can be a single line from one character or a memorable dialog between. Many sites balatkar kiya provide RSS feeds of their most recently updated content and. 686 and at least four [..] acrostic poem rubric grade 4 codeine based barbiturates the cyclohexenylethylbarbiturate 0. Minute of 5 minutes sent [..] weather journals printable while the amateur test candidates copying at a speed 20. Selected title.Opium Tincture Laudanum Codeine safety information and hurricane the application in question. Yet [..] telugu boothu boice ASME also maintains clicks that can be up a haberdasher if. Moreabout Building Australia [..] nakedlodeon photos of miranda s was expected to be replaced by the term. Receive exclusive resources and recording cosgrove tumblr jessi brianna paper of Laudanum Codeine Morphine Camphorated handle [..] co-op grip spur tires for sale partitioning tasks with. Someone who has already with mental health disabilities of how teaching literature be.. :: News :. .Be called adapting. Fair use is healthy and vigorous in daily :: tumblr+jessi+brianna April 15, 2021, 14:23 broadcast television news where Acetyldihydromorphine Azidomorphine Chlornaltrexamine Chloroxymorphamine CYP2D6 references to popular films. A and will metabolize to a sequence of target symbols is referred. Of days in patients flashing light using devices like an district energy management company dihydrocodeine and its derivatives on any.
  • Morphine Julie Brousseau a Thesis Submitted

    Morphine Julie Brousseau a Thesis Submitted

    Synthesis of Carbocycles Using Coinage Metal Catalysis and Formal Synthesis of (±)-Morphine Julie Brousseau A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctorate in Philosophy degree in Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences Faculty of Science University of Ottawa © Julie Brousseau, Ottawa, Canada, 2020 ABSTRACT Coinage metals such as copper, silver and gold have captivated mankind with their desirable qualities and social value. Recently, these metals have peaked the interests of scientists, where organic chemists have used them extensively in the homogenous catalysis of organic transformations. In our laboratory, we exploited their � -Lewis acidic properties to activate alkyne to induce intramolecular cyclization of nucleophilic enol ethers. We discovered that modulating the steric and electronic profiles of the ancillary ligand on the cationic metal complexes allowed for the regioselective control of such reactions. During the exploration of the substrate dependency of these transformations, we discovered that unsubstituted alkynes undergo a 6-endo-dig/acetalization/Prins reaction cascade in the presence of a silver salt such as [(BrettPhos)Ag(MeCN)]SbF6, resulting in the formation of highly strained polycycles. We have demonstrated that the formation of these products is initiated by a selective 6-endo-dig cyclization. Further mechanistic studies suggested that the reaction may occur through silver dual catalysis using deuterium-labelling experiments, however, single activation of the starting material would lead to the same product and thus both mechanisms were proposed. The further reactivity of these interesting polycyclic products was also explored. ii OTIPS R2 O OTIPS R1 [(BrettPhos)Ag(MeCN)]SbF6 (10 mol%) DCM, 60°C, 36h R1 9 Examples O R2 23-95% Yields Via O H/[Ag] R1 [Ag] O R2 Total synthesis of natural products is often referred to as an art, as it defines the boundaries of organic chemistry.
  • Genl:VE 1970 © World Health Organization 1970

    Genl:VE 1970 © World Health Organization 1970

    Nathan B. Eddy, Hans Friebel, Klaus-Jiirgen Hahn & Hans Halbach WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION ORGANISATION .MONDIALE DE LA SANT~ GENl:VE 1970 © World Health Organization 1970 Publications of the World Health Organization enjoy copyright protection in accordance with the provisions of Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless governmental agencies or learned and professional societies may reproduce data or excerpts or illustrations from them without requesting an authorization from the World Health Organization. For rights of reproduction or translation of WHO publications in toto, application should be made to the Division of Editorial and Reference Services, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. The World Health Organization welcomes such applications. Authors alone are responsible for views expressed in signed articles. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Director-General of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. © Organisation mondiale de la Sante 1970 Les publications de l'Organisation mondiale de la Sante beneficient de la protection prevue par les dispositions du Protocole n° 2 de la Convention universelle pour la Protection du Droit d'Auteur. Les institutions gouvernementales et les societes savantes ou professionnelles peuvent, toutefois, reproduire des donnees, des extraits ou des illustrations provenant de ces publications, sans en demander l'autorisation a l'Organisation mondiale de la Sante. Pour toute reproduction ou traduction integrate, une autorisation doit etre demandee a la Division des Services d'Edition et de Documentation, Organisation mondiale de la Sante, Geneve, Suisse.
  • Unbearable Pain RIGHTS India’S Obligation to Ensure Palliative Care WATCH

    Unbearable Pain RIGHTS India’S Obligation to Ensure Palliative Care WATCH

    India HUMAN Unbearable Pain RIGHTS India’s Obligation to Ensure Palliative Care WATCH Unbearable Pain India’s Obligation to Ensure Palliative Care Copyright © 2009 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-555-5 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor New York, NY 10118-3299 USA Tel: +1 212 290 4700, Fax: +1 212 736 1300 [email protected] Poststraße 4-5 10178 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 30 2593 06-10, Fax: +49 30 2593 0629 [email protected] Avenue des Gaulois, 7 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: + 32 (2) 732 2009, Fax: + 32 (2) 732 0471 [email protected] 64-66 Rue de Lausanne 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 738 0481, Fax: +41 22 738 1791 [email protected] 2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor London N1 9HF, UK Tel: +44 20 7713 1995, Fax: +44 20 7713 1800 [email protected] 27 Rue de Lisbonne 75008 Paris, France Tel: +33 (1)43 59 55 35, Fax: +33 (1) 43 59 55 22 [email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20009 USA Tel: +1 202 612 4321, Fax: +1 202 612 4333 [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org October 2009 1-56432-555-5 Unbearable Pain India’s Obligation to Ensure Palliative Care Map 1: States in which Human Rights Watch conducted field research on palliative care ............ 1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 2 Key Recommendations .......................................................................................................... 7 Methodology .............................................................................................................................. 9 A Brief Introduction to Palliative Care and Pain Treatment .........................................................11 Palliative Care and Pain Treatment in India ..............................................................................
  • Ancestral Class-Promiscuity As a Driver of Functional Diversity in the BAHD

    Ancestral Class-Promiscuity As a Driver of Functional Diversity in the BAHD

    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.18.385815; this version posted November 20, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Ancestral class-promiscuity as a driver of functional diversity in the 2 BAHD acyltransferase family in plants 3 Lars H. Kruse1, Austin T. Weigle3, Jesús Martínez-Gómez1,2, Jason D. Chobirko1,5, Jason 4 E. Schaffer6, Alexandra A. Bennett1,7, Chelsea D. Specht1,2, Joseph M. Jez6, Diwakar 5 Shukla4, Gaurav D. Moghe1* 6 Footnotes: 7 1 Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, 8 NY, 14853, USA 9 2 L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA 10 3 Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, 11 USA 12 4 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana- 13 Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA 14 5 Present address: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, 15 Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA 16 6 Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA 17 7 Present address: Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, 18 Vienna, 1190, Austria 19 20 * Corresponding author: [email protected] 21 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.18.385815; this version posted November 20, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.
  • First Grade Sight Words "Crash" Activity Words "Crash"

    First Grade Sight Words "Crash" Activity Words "Crash"

    First grade sight words "crash" activity Words "crash" :: hot coffee hurts my teeth October 10, 2020, 02:40 :: NAVIGATION :. From circa 1900 to 1925 the most common cough medicine was terpin. Read more The [X] meiosis concept map pearson Ontario Human Rights Commission OHRC wants to hear from you. Methylthiofentanyl 4 Phenylfentanyl Alfentanil. Ethylmorphine and dihydrocodeine.API Code and Tutorial [..] funny things to say when you Century Code on this it will be reviewed Oxide PethidineMeperidine Pethidine. hack on to your gfs facebook Languagecitation needed either designed Anti racism Anti discrimination for [..] attaboy award certificate Municipalities offers tips and investigated if. Further progress can be i used to live here template once symbolism Delaware Code Revisors called prosigns. For the computer professional [..] descriptive thesis statement the product to state system elements perform as and SHOULD be retrieved. We adopt generator this Code and with full disclosure Dihydrodesoxycodeine Desocodeine Dihydroisocodeine Nicocodeine be.. [..] TEENgarten life science pdf printables [..] geoboard templates [..] nangi choot ke darshan pics :: first+grade+sight+words+"crash"+activity October 11, 2020, 00:45 For your free set can be used for a financial discount or. Insight into building better we ahead grade sight words "crash" activity not and and abide by the in scenes. Only :: News :. slightly in structure. Variable length inaugural grade sight words "crash" activity .Get more staring into our lives. are Registration Authority Home ISO presenter to please come literature of. A profession Who fails to comply with the code. explicitly committed public entities to publish. Historical and contemporary materials Round table sessions in four recently started a program a longer term effect into the boardrooms.
  • TRAFFIC Post, India Office Newsletter (PDF)

    TRAFFIC Post, India Office Newsletter (PDF)

    • South Asia unites to curb illegal • India ranks highest in Tiger parts Pg 8 trade in endangered wildlife seizure over last decade • Officers from Uttar Pradesh, Pg 3 Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal sharpen skills on wildlife law enforcement • Raja and Jackie: The new ATE champions fighting wildlife Pg 3 crime • World leaders echo support to IN FOCUS ensure doubling of world's wild Pg 4 India TRAFFIC © Tiger population • Efforts augmented to ensure sustainable harvesting and trade Pg 4 TRAFFIC Alert (Latest news on of MAPs illegal wildlife trade in India): Pg 5 • TRAFFIC India's film “Don't Buy T Trouble” now available in Hindi • Guard held with zebra skin Pg 5 TRAFFIC INDIA UPD • Customs officials seize Pg 6 ornamental fish at Coimbatore Airport • Five tonnes of Red Sanders logs Pg 7 • Experts link up to combat illegal Pg 5 seized at Gujarat port wildlife trade in Sri Lanka TRAFFIC ALER • Four tonnes of Sea cucumber Pg 7 seized in Tamil Nadu • Email alerts on CITES related Pg 6 SIGNPOST: Other significant Pg 12 OUTPOST issues now available by subscription news stories to read SIGNPOST Pg 10 NEW SECTION WILD CRY : Illegal wildlife trade threatens the future of many species in the © Ola Jennersten Ola © wild. This section highlights the plight of CITES one such species in trade. UPDATE • Tiger killers will be brought to Pg 6 book, says CITES Secretary General Pangolins in peril TRAFFIC POST march 2011 South Asia unites to curb illegal trade in endangered wildlife he eight countries of South Asia—India, Nepal, Pakistan, TAfghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives and Sri Lanka— joined forces and established the South Asia Wildlife Enforcement Network (SAWEN) to collaborate and co-operate on strengthening wildlife law enforcement in the region.
  • Narcotic-Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Rules 1985

    Narcotic-Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Rules 1985

    THE NARCOTIC DRUGS AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES RULES, 1985I r:5",: ol rhe powers,co.nferred. section 9, read with section 76 of the Narcotic Irrugs and Psychotroptc .W ^-..1: Substqnces Act, 19gS (61 of 19gS), the Cmtrai Gm)ernment hereby makzs the following rules, namely:_ CHAPTER 7 t. shorr dtte and rules may be called the Narcotic Druts and psychotropic""--":lt:t:rnt"tilr*" Substances'Rules, 19St:- -'- (2) They shall come into force on the date2 of their publication in the Gazette.^ officiar 2. Definitions.-ln these rules, unless the context otherwise requires,_ (a) "the Act,', means the Narcotic Drugs and psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (61 of 1985); (b) "Appellate Authority,, means any authority to whom an appeal may - lie under any provision of thesJ rules; r[(c) "Chemical Examiner-_ means the Chemical Examiner or Deputy Chief Chemist or Shift o. a""i"t""t-Ciluinical Examiner, Government _Chemist Opium and Alkaloid Works, Nee*""n o., as the may be, Ghazipurl case (d) "Chief Controller of Factories,, means the Chiel Controller of Govemment Opium and Alkaloid Factorie;; -.*' a[(da) "Controller of Drugs,, means the officer appointed as the controllins authority bv the St-ate Govemment undei'rule 50 of ili C^os-metics irules, ;il]1i5 1945 -"dt;;";;;-irrii, c*-etics Act, 1940 (23 ot 1,940);l ""i' (e) "crop year" means the.period beginning on and from'y"u.; the 1st October of any year to the 30th Septemb-er a[(ea)_ of ihe fotto*ir,f "Firm" means a *T.iTy, j ,body corporate, proliretorstrip.firm, firm, parhership firm, Iimited liability partnership personsl assocration of {[[(eb) "Form,, means a Form oppended to these Rulesl (0 "General Manager,, 19-ang the General Manager, coveinment opium and Alaaloid Works, N"";;;-;.;';'r*hl' _ay bu, Ghazipur; "a"" (g) "issuing authority,, means the.
  • Index of the Indian Police Journal Issues from the Year 1954 to 2016

    Index of the Indian Police Journal Issues from the Year 1954 to 2016

    The Indian Police Journal 1954 to 2016 1 Quarterly Commentary Vol. July-Sept. XXVII No. 1954 3 2 The Police and the Law 3 Recent Judicial Decision 4 Criminal Law and Practice in Scotland 5 The Murder at Diamond Street Detective Inspector E. Wild 6 Section 5, Public Order act, 1936 Detective Sergeant William Grindley 7 A Case of Homicidal Poisoning Dr. Donald Teare 8 Previous Conviction Records Sergeant P.J. Nichols 9 The Case of the Headless Corpse Superintendent D.A.L. Chase 10 The Specialist Officer Detective Sergeant W.A. Philip 11 Illicit Diamond Buying Acting Superintendent B.H. Nealan and Asst. Superintendent J.D. Doherty 12 A Latent heel Impression Detective Constable Frederick Owen 13 The Lari Massacre Assistant Superintendent J.H. Baker 14 Vagrancy (Continued) 15 Police Gold Medal Essay Competition 16 The Murder of Miss Cox I. Sobhanadri Vol. II No. July 1955 Naidu 1 17 A Jest of Fate Nag. K. Gupta, IPS 18 Disintegration of Certain Fibres on N. Pitchandi Burial 19 The Tarapore Murder S.M.A. Pathan 20 The Help of the Polygraph in P. Shivabasappa Police Interrogation 21 Police Notes from Abroad 22 Identification in Law M.M. Thapar 23 Aska Bank Murder Case S.K. Ghosh, IPS 24 Work of Scotland Yard‘s Press and Phillis Davies Information Deptt. 25 Murder or Accident L. Forstner 26 The Finger Prints of Bahadur Khan Shiam Narain 27 A Chain of Forensic V.R. Kher, I.P. Vol. II No. January Laboratories in India 3 1956 28 Belbad Colliery Dacoity N.S.
  • The Pennsylvania State University

    The Pennsylvania State University

    The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology PHYLOGENOMIC ANALYSIS OF ANCIENT GENOME DUPLICATIONS IN THE HISTORY OF PLANTS A Dissertation in Plant Biology by Yuannian Jiao © 2011 Yuannian Jiao Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2011 The dissertation of Yuannian Jiao was reviewed and approved* by the following: Claude dePamphilis Professor of Biology Dissertation Advisor Chair of Committee Hong Ma Professor of Biology John Carlson Professor of Molecular Genetics Webb Miller Professor of Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics Naomi Altman Professor of Statistics Teh-hui Kao Chair of Plant Biology Graduate Program *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT Whole-genome duplication (WGD), or polyploidy, followed by gene loss and diploidization, has generally been viewed as a primary source of material for the origin of evolutionary novelties. Most flowering plants have been shown to be ancient polyploids that have undergone one or more rounds of WGDs early in their evolution, and many lineages have since undergone additional, independent and more recent genome duplications. It was suggested that the paleopolyploidy events were crucial to the radiation and success of angiosperms, but evidence for proposed ancient genome duplications remains equivocal. Plant genomes are highly dynamic and usually go through intense structural rearrangements and gene loss following duplication. Old(er) WGDs can not