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Cambridge University Press 978-1-316-60632-2 Cambridge University Press 978-1-316-60632-2 — A/AS Level Geography for AQA Student Book Ann Bowen , Andy Day , Victoria Ellis , Paul Hunt , Rebecca Kitchen , Claire Kyndt , Garrett Nagle , Alan Parkinson , Nicola Walshe , Helen Young , Edited by Alan Parkinson Index More Information Index 1002 area 144, 146 temperature 18, 305–6; Bankside Open Spaces Trust tourism 305, 307; (BOST) 439–41 Aberystwyth 66, 93 vegetation 116 baobab trees 224, 225, 227 abiotic 204 anthropogenic 19 Barefoot College 531 ablation 4, 110, 119 Anti-Slavery International 280 barrier dam 105 ablation zone 110, 119 appendices 558 barrier islands 83, 84 abortion 442, 465 appropriate technology 503 barrier reefs 246 abrasion 50, 124 Aqaba 249 bars 83 acacia trees 43, 224, 227 aquaculture 423 basal sliding 108, 121, 122 accumulation 110, 119 aquifers 30, 416, 477, 486, 490, 499 basalt lava 163, 164, 165 accuracy 552–3 aquitard 489 basaltic eruption 154 ACFOR scale 64 Arabian Plate 162 base fl ow 8 acid rain 12, 17, 26, 162, 198–9, Aragon 500 Basildon 360–1 519–20 Aral Sea 494, 495 ‘basket of eggs’ 128 adaption 167 arboreal 231 Battersea Power Station 365 Advance the Line 95 arches 72, 80, 88 bays 79 adventure tourism 332 Arctic 4, 113, 114, 116, 207, 282, 534 beach features 81, 82 aeolian processes 49–50, 64 Arctic National Wildlife Refuge beach system 68–9 aeroponics 423–4 (ANWR) 144, 146 beaches 81, 98 afforestation 20 Arctic Ocean resources 476 bedding planes 86 Africa, population 462, 463, 535 Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty Beddington Zero Energy Development African plate 162 (AONB) 63 (BedZED) 401–2 ageing populations 284, 445, 464, arêtes 125–6, 137 Bedford Park 359 466, 471 aridisols 41 Beginish Island 343 aggregates 423 aridity, causes 44–5 Beijing 385–7, 406 agricultural productivity 461 aridity index 44, 60 Belinda, Mount 154 agricultural regions, global 413 arresting factors 209, 210, 212 Ben Avon 129 agriculture 20, 114–15, 219, 411 arroyos 51, 57 benefi ciation 485 agrochemicals 423, 411 arsenic 104, 547, 564 Benioff zone 171 aim 567–8 artesian water 39, 41, 51 bergschrund 125 air conditioning 398 asbestos health risks 340 berms 71, 81, 82 air pollution 384, 406, 431, 436, 458 ash dieback 219–20 Berwick-upon-Tweed 36 Alaska 117, 119, 135, 143, 145–6 Association of South-East Asian Nations Bhola cyclone 104 albedo 21, 109, 110, 112–13, 382 (ASEAN) 280, 281, 287 Bhutan, population 407 Aleutian Islands 162 asteroid impact 18 bias, secondary sources 551 algae 246 asthenosphere 159, 160 Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation 437 algal bloom 19, 217, 246, 258, 395 asylum seeker 446 bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals 471 alluvial fans 54, 135 asymptomatic infections 434 biocapacity 397, 455, 456 alluvial soils 413 Atacama 52–3 biodiversity: alpine environments 112–13 Atacama Desert 44, 45, 46, 501, 527 fl ora and fauna 38; alpine landscape 124 Atacama trench 162 decline 198, 200, 201; Alps 112, 126 Athlete’s Village 336, 340 hotspots 200, 233; altitude 112 atmosphere 3, 12 Madagascar 234–5; Amazon Basin 24, 228, 231 atmospheric carbon dioxide 17, 21 Red Sea 249 Amazon rainforest 32–3, 197, 200 atolls 92, 246, 247 Biodiversity 2020 202 Amerindians 231 attrition 77 Biodiversity Action Plans (BAPs) 202 Amnesty International 279 Australian indigenous people 303 Biodiversity and Climate Change 217 anaerobic conditions 27 Australian rainfall 567 Biodiversity Frameworks 202 Andes 4, 44, 45, 53, 87 avalanches 173, 178 biofuels 518, 535 andesitic lavas 163, 164, 165 aye-aye 235 biogeochemical systems 26 Angola 437, 505, 506 biological age 425 animals under threat 202, 203 backwash 71, 72 biological manipulation 259 anomaly 554, 571 bahadas 54 biological weathering 48, 74, Antarctic Ocean 114 Bangalore: 75, 77 Antarctic Treaty 307, 308, 309–10 e-waste 392, 393; biomass 13, 206, 239, 518 Antarctica: inequality 380–2; biomes 209, 221, 223, 228 as global common 304–11; e-waste 392, 394; biosphere 12 ice cover 112; growth 380–2; biota 74, 423 ice sheets 91; inequalities 81–2; biotechnology 412, 423 mineral resources 307–8; Samskruti Hoysala development biotic 204 protected zone 10, 11; 403–4; birds 43, 212, 231 protection organisations 306, 308, technology industry 403 birth rate, UK 442 309, 310; Bangladesh 92, 103–5, 189, 445, 500 Black Sea 19 sunlight 113–14; banks 190, 263, 273, 282, 300–1 blackwater 498 590 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-316-60632-2 — A/AS Level Geography for AQA Student Book Ann Bowen , Andy Day , Victoria Ellis , Paul Hunt , Rebecca Kitchen , Claire Kyndt , Garrett Nagle , Alan Parkinson , Nicola Walshe , Helen Young , Edited by Alan Parkinson Index More Information Index Blasket Islands 343–8 duration 15; Chinese medicines 254 block disintegration 47 exchange imbalance 18; Chinese River dolphin 254 blockfi elds 142 fast 14, 15–16, 26; Chi-square test 139, 574, blow holes 79 human additions 19–21; 575, 576 bogs 24, 217, 218, 237 long-term 26, 27; chloropleth maps 566 Bondhus glacier 148 marine 25; cholera 175, 181, 193, 431 border controls 286 slow 14, 15, 16–17, 26; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease boreal zone 419 and water cycle 31, 32 (COPD) 432 borewells 490, 491, 492 carbon dioxide: cirques 125, 126, 132, 137, 138 Boundary Dam 532 and Antarctic 18; cities: BP’s operations 509, 510 atmospheric 12, 13, 17, 21, 24, 26; branding 332; Brahmaputra river 103, 512 long-term 26, 27; characteristics 377; braided streams 135 from permafrost 143; green spaces in 439; brain drain 449 from respiration 16; liveability 399, 400; brand image 332 in sea 23, 24; sustainable 375, 376, 398–9 branding 276 storing 30; City Challenge 363 Brazil 295, 418, 535 from volcanoes 166 civil war 458 brown earth soils 239, 240 carbonation 26, 75 clasts 131 brownfi eld sites 374 carbonic acid 12, 22, 27 cliffs 79, 88 building human capacity 503 Carboniferous period 27 climate: buildings, tall 369 Cardiff Bay 362 18,000 years ago 118; Burkino Faso 224, 414 Caribbean 182, 190, 302 change 21, 60, 217, 218; buttes 57, 58 Caribbean Plate 191, 192 semi-arid 414–15; buttress roots 230, 231 caribou 116, 143–4, 145, 146 types, global 414; Bwlch 137 carnivores 204, 205, 206, 225, 226 world 222 Carpenters Estate 333, 335–6, 338–42 climatic climax 238 cacti 42 Carr vegetation 237, 256 climatic climax vegetation 85, 209, Cadair Idris 137 carrier bags 393 210, 236 Cairngorms 129 carrying capacity 446, 455, 457 closed systems 2, 68 calcium bicarbonate 17 cartographic skills 564–7 closure dams 98 calcium carbonate 13, 17, 20, cash crops 412 Club of Rome 459–60 26, 246 caste system 381 coal 12, 13, 17, 27, 482, 540 caldera 165 Catalonia 500 coal ash, use of 521 California 422, 486, 487 cataracts 461 coal producers 480 call centres 381 catchment area 2–3, 5, 6, 8, 11, 34–7 coal reserves 480, 540 calving (glaciers) 108, 119 catchment schemes 493–494 coal trade, global 479–80 camels 43 cattle grazing 226, 235 coal-fi red power stations 387, 479, 521, Canada 112, 113, 117 cattle rearing 415 534, 540 Canadian First Nation Peoples 303 caulifl ory 230 coastal: canalise 388 causal sequence 89 adaptation strategies 92; cancers 427, 432, 435–7, 461 caves 72, 79, 80, 88 deposition 81, 83; Cancun (Mexico) Agreement 29 cavitation 77 erosion 77, 79–80, 96–7; canopy layer 215, 230 cement production 20 features over time 90; capital investment 411 census data 349, 551 fl ood risk 97–9; carbon: Central Business District (CBD) 325, 359, management 93–6, 101–2; budget 23, 25, 28; 361, 383 mitigation strategies 92; burial 16, 17, 30, 480 cereal crops 410 realignment 99; capture and storage (CCS) 16, CFCs 461 systems 67, 68–9, 70, 74 532–3; Chad 410, 414 coastlines 88, 95–9, 100 compounds 12; Chalara fungus 219–21 Coca-Cola 499–500 emissions 29–30, 398; chalk cliffs 13, 89 cocoa 271 fl ux 25; channel fl ow 7 coffee: monoxide 18, 519 ‘Chaparral’ 416 consumption 296, 297; ‘neutral’ 16; charities 176, 178, 436, 503 footprint 499 offsetting 20; chemical pollution 395 industry 294–8; pump 25; chemical weathering 17, 26, 48, 74, production 295, 296, 298 reserves 201, 204, 213–14; 75, 77 cold environments: reservoirs 13, 16, 17, 30, 31, 482, 552; chemotherapy 437 characteristics 112–18; sequestration 16, 17, 30, 31, 482, 532; Chernobyl 513, 519 causes of 118; sink 14, 16, 24, 31, 33; Chile 52–3 global 117; sources 14, 23; China: human habitats 144–5; stores 12, 14; carbon dioxide emissions 30; human impact 143–4, 145–6; sub-cycles 15–16, 23; energy sources 535 vegetation adaptation 116 trading scheme 540 exports 283; collisional plate boundaries 162, 169, carbon cycle: industrial heartland 371; 170, 177 budget 23–8; Paracel claim 280–1; combustion 16, 20 changes to 17–21; power stations 479; common land 304–11, 345 distribution 12–17; Walmart in 269, 270; common market 288 591 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-316-60632-2 — A/AS Level Geography for AQA Student Book Ann Bowen , Andy Day , Victoria Ellis , Paul Hunt , Rebecca Kitchen , Claire Kyndt , Garrett Nagle , Alan Parkinson , Nicola Walshe , Helen Young , Edited by Alan Parkinson Index MoreA/AS Information Level Geography for AQA communications technology 274–6 customs union 288 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) 424, communicative (infectious) Cwm Amarch 137 425, 426 diseases 425 Cwm Idwal 125, 138 disaster hotspot 189 commuter towns 361 cwms 125, 126, 132, 137, 138 disaster-induced displacement 447 compound spit 83 disaster-response curve 157–8 compression (time-space Dakar Rally 62 disasters 155 convergence) 271–2, 318,
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