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Informe Anual 1986 13 INFORME ANUAL 1986 México, D.F. 1987 BANCO DE MEXICO JUNTA DE GOBIERNO Miembros Propietarios .Miembros Suplentes PRESIDENTE SR. LIC.GUSTAVO PETRICIOLI ITURBIDE SR. DR. JAIME SERRA PUCHE SR. LIC. CARLOS SALINAS DE GORTARI SR. DR. PEDRO ASPE ARMELLA SR. LIC. HECTOR HERNANDEZ CERVANTES SR. LIC. LUIS BRAVO AGUILERA SR. LIC. MIGUEL MANCERA AGUAYO SR. LIC. SERGIO GHIGLIAZZA GARCIA SR. LIC. FRANCISCO SUAREZ DAVILA SR. DR. JAIME SERRA PUCHE SR. C.P. ALFREDO A. LUENGAS GARIBAY SR.C.P. JOSE ALVAREZ JAUREGUI SR. LIC. LORENZO PEON ESCALANTE SR. LIC. GUILLERMO NUÑEZ HERRERA SR. LIC. ERNESTO FERNANDEZ HURTADO SR. LIC. JAIME SANCHEZ MONTEMAYOR SR. LIC. MARIO RAMON BETETA MONSALVE SR. LIC. MIGUEL ALESSIO ROBLES SR. LIC. ANTONIO CARRILLO FLORES SR. DR. JAVIER MARQUEZ BLASCO SR. DR. VICTOR L. URQUIDI SR. DR. DANIEL BELTRAN MALDONADO SECRETARIO: SR. LIC. FRANCISCO BORJA MARTINEZ SECRETARIO SUPLENTE SR. LIC. ROBERTO DEL CUETO LEGASPI FUNCIONARIOS Director General SR. LIC. MIGUEL MANCERA AGUAYO Directores Generales Adjuntos SR. LIC. FRANCISCO BORJA MARTINEZ SR. LIC. SERGIO GHIGLIAZZA GARCIA Directores SR. ING. HUMBERTO ARMANDO ACEVEDO MILAN. (De Organización) SR. LIC. ARIEL BUIRA SEIRA. (De Organismos y Acuerdos Internacionales) SR. LIC. ROBERTO DEL CUETO LEGASPI. (De Disposiciones de Banca Central) SR. LIC. FRANCISCO GIL DIAZ. (De Investigación Económica) SR. C.P. ROBERTO GOMEZ LOOR. (De Emisión) SR. LIC. EMILIO GUTIERREZ MOLLER. (De Jurídico) SR. C.P. FERNANDO LICEAGA RODRIGUEZ). (De Administración) SR. DR. JESUS MARCOS YACAMAN. (De Programación Financiera) SR. ING. LUIS JAIME MARENTES MANZANILLA. (De Crédito, Depósito Legal y Mercado de Valores)) SR. C.P. WILBERT MEDRANO RICALDE. (De Contraloría) SR. ING. HECTOR REYES RETANA. (De Operaciones Internacionales) SR. ENRIQUE TRUEBA MENDEZ DE VIGO. (De Trámite Operativo) SR. DR. ERNESTO ZEDILLO PONCE DE LEON. (Asesor del Director General) Informe Anual del Banco de México sobre la situación económica del país a que se refiere la fracción XII del artículo 25 de la Ley Orgánica de la Institución PROLOGO Las cifras correspondientes a 1986 son de carácter preliminar y están sujetas a revisiones posteriores. Conviene advertir que aun cuando los datos presentados son congruentes a nivel de cada apartado, al compararse cifras tomadas de distintas secciones pueden aparecer discrepancias. Tales diferencias obedecen a que las cifras pertinentes han sido estimadas en base a fuentes y metodologías distintas. Por ejemplo, al convertir a moneda nacional los datos financieros que comprenden cantidades denominadas en moneda extranjera, se utiliza el tipo de cambio vigente al fín del periodo. En cambio, las cifras contenidas en la balanza de pagos se valoran al tipo de cambio que rige en el momento en que se lleva a cabo la transacción. Otro ejemplo lo constituyen las cifras de comercio exterior, que se incluyen tanto en las cuentas nacionales como en la balanza de pagos. Los datos de exportaciones e importaciones de bienes y servicios no factoriales que se presentan en la balanza de pagos, aunque se conviertan al tipo de cambio del día en que se llevó a cabo la transacción, no coincidirán con los reportados en las cuentas nacionales. Ello es así por peculiaridades del método empleado para calcular los deflactores de dichas cuentas, y por las ponderaciones utilizadas en ellas. Desde luego, y donde se consideró necesario hacerlo, se han incluido las notas aclaratorias pertinentes. INDICE GENERAL INDICE GENERAL.............................................................................................................................................5 BANCO DE MEXICO..........................................................................................................................................9 INFORME SOBRE LA SITUACIÓN ECONÓMICA DEL PAÍS..................................................................9 I. Introducción ................................................................................................................................................11 II. Panorama general de la política económica y de la evolución de la economía en 1986..........................11 III. Finanzas públicas......................................................................................................................................19 IV. Política crediticia ........................................................................................................................................23 Captación de ahorro por el sistema financiero nacional .........................................................................27 Financiamiento al sector privado .............................................................................................................29 Acumulación de reservas internacionales.................................................................................................30 V. Deuda externa.............................................................................................................................................30 VI. Política cambiaria.......................................................................................................................................32 VII. Conclusión ..............................................................................................................................................34 Anexo 1..................................................................................................................................................................36 SITUACION ECONOMICA INTERNACIONAL........................................................................................36 Evolución económica en los países industrializados....................................................................................37 Situación económica de los países en desarrollo ...........................................................................................38 La economía de América Latina......................................................................................................................39 Los mercados de productos primarios..........................................................................................................40 Tasas de interés y mercados internacionales de capital..................................................................................40 Deuda externa de los países en desarrollo.....................................................................................................41 Mercados cambiarios y de metales..................................................................................................................42 Relación de México con los organismos financieros internacionales ...........................................................43 Anexo 2..................................................................................................................................................................45 PRODUCCION Y EMPLEO.............................................................................................................................45 Sector agropecuario, silvícola y pesquero........................................................................................................46 Sector industrial...............................................................................................................................................51 Servicios............................................................................................................................................................58 Empleo ............................................................................................................................................................59 Anexo 3..................................................................................................................................................................61 PRECIOS Y COSTOS..........................................................................................................................................61 Precios al consumidor.....................................................................................................................................62 Precios controlados y escasez ..........................................................................................................................64 Precios por región, tamaño de localidad y estrato de ingreso familiar.........................................................66 Precios productor............................................................................................................................................67 Precios de las materias primas ........................................................................................................................71 Precios de la construcción................................................................................................................................72 Precios del comercio exterior...........................................................................................................................73 Información laboral ........................................................................................................................................75 Anexo 4..................................................................................................................................................................77 BALANZA DE PAGOS......................................................................................................................................77
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