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Home , Laikipia County, Mago National Park, Reticulated giraffe

Reticulated (Giraffa camelopardalis ssp. reticulata)

Appendix 1. Populations estimates for G. c. reticulata

Historical

Table 1. Summary of Reticulated Giraffe population data collected prior to 1983

Year Location Population data Source

Ethiopia

Present recently but persistence 1968 Southern Ogaden Blower 1968 (280) doubtful

Kenya

Lamu (1,494); (1,793); (8,068); (9,755); Ogutu et al. 2016, Total population for areas 1977 (3,283); DRSRS/KWS sampled: 40,916 Laikipia (3,288); Aerial count1 (5,943); Turkana (44); Samburu (6,528)

Grunblatt et al. 1995, DRSRS 1977 Garissa District 9,755 1997, quoted in Butynski 2000 (92)

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™

Muchoki 2000, quoted in 1977 Laikipia District 6,398 Shorrocks and Croft 2009 (1,216); Mandera (3,351); Wajir (8,786); Ogutu et al. 2016, Total population for areas 1978 Garissa (11,768); DRSRS/KWS sampled: 44,345. Isiolo (2,225); Aerial count1 Marsabit (7,896); Samburu (9,103) Grunblatt et al. 1995, DRSRS 1978 Garissa District 11,740 1997, quoted in Butynski 2000 (92) Ogutu et al. 2016, 1980 Samburu 14,207 DRSRS/KWS Aerial count1 Lamu (1,265); Ogutu et al. 2016, Laikipia (1031); Total population for areas 1981 DRSRS/KWS Marsabit (2,655); sampled: 4,933. Aerial count1 Turkana (82) Ogutu et al. 2016, Laikipia (1197); Total population for areas 1982 DRSRS/KWS Turkana (166) sampled: 1,363. Aerial count1

Somalia

Funaioli and North of Jubba c 1916 'Quite rare' Simonetta 1966 River (299) Northern, central 1939 Extinct Amir 2006 (5) Funaioli and 1964 Bubashi GR c 500 Simonetta 1966 (299) Funaioli and Between Afmedù 1964 > 1,000 Simonetta 1966 and Bubashi GR (299)

North of Jubba 'Almost completely disappeared'; Funaioli and 1966 River map of distribution Simonetta 1966 (298, 299) Reduced in northern part, 'quite Funaioli and South of Jubba common and relatively little 1966 Simonetta 1966 River disturbed' to south; map of (298, 299) distribution Abel 1976; Abel and Kille 1976a, November (rains): present in 21 of South-west of 1976b; 1974 60 grid squares; map of lower Jubba River summarised in distribution IUCN SSC ASG 2012 (6) March: present in 32 of 60 grid South-west of Abel and Kille 1975 squares; map of distribution and lower Jubba River 1976b (12) abundance Abel 1976; Abel March (dry): present in 32 of 60 and Kille 1976a, South-west of grid squares; June (main rains): 1976b; 1975 lower Jubba River present in 17 of 60 grid squares; summarised in map of distribution IUCN SSC ASG 2012 (6) February/March: present in 6 of North-east of lower Abel and Kille 1976 98 grid squares; map of Jubba River 1976b (22) distribution and abundance

Recent

Table 2: Summary of Reticulated Giraffe population data collected since 1983.

Year Location Population data Source

Ethiopia, protected 1998 Absent East 1999 (95) areas Ethiopia, private 1998 Absent East 1999 (95) land Ethiopia, other 1998 > 140; stable/decreasing East 1999 (95) areas

> 140, stable/decreasing; small 1998 Ethiopia total numbers survive in Borana and East 1999 (95, 97) reportedly south-western Ogaden Borana area near 2009 Possibly present Fust 2009 (29) border Ogaden near 2009 Possibly present Fust 2009 (29) Somalia border Mago NP, Tama Enawgaw et al. 2011 Present WR 2011 (4, 5) 2013 Mago NP Probably extinct Wube 2013

Kenya

Lamu (976); Ogutu et al. 2016, Total population for areas 1983 Laikipia (2,488); DRSRS/KWS Aerial sampled: 16,416. Garissa (12,952) count1 Grunblatt et al. 1995, D.R.S.R.S. 1983 Garissa District 11,947 1997, quoted in Butynski 2000 (92) Ogutu et al. 2016, 1984 Lamu 1,129 DRSRS/KWS Aerial count1 Laikipia (1,902); Mandera (556); Ogutu et al. 2016, Wajir (6,567); Total population for areas 1985 DRSRS/KWS Aerial Garissa (10,980); sampled: 25,130. count1 Isiolo (1,792); Marsabit (3,333) Grunblatt et al. 1995, DRSRS 1985 Garissa District 1985: 10,980 1997, quoted in Butynski 2000 (92) Ogutu et al. 2016, 1986 Lamu 553 DRSRS/KWS Aerial count1 Laikipia (1,229); Ogutu et al. 2016, Marsabit (3,125); Total population for areas 1987 DRSRS/KWS Aerial Turkana (0); sampled: 6,403 count1 Samburu (2,049) Lamu (415); Mandera (847); Ogutu et al. 2016, Wajir (5,571); Total population for areas 1988 DRSRS/KWS Aerial Garissa (9,077); sampled: 17,668 count1 Isiolo (1,758)

Grunblatt et al. 1995, D.R.S.R.S. 1988 Garissa District 1988: 9,077 xxx 1997, quoted in Butynski 2000 (92) Ogutu et al. 2016, 1989 Lamu 647 DRSRS/KWS Aerial count1 Mandera (1,532); Wajir (11,095); Isiolo (2,337); Ogutu et al. 2016, Total population for areas 1990 Laikipia (3,000); DRSRS/KWS Aerial sampled: 26,206 Marsabit (4,763); count1 Turkana (489); Samburu (2,990) Isiolo, Mandera, Marsabit, Samburu, Wajir De Leeuw et al. 1990 Present; map of distribution Districts excluding 2000 (300-303) 'conservation areas' Turkana District excluding Near absent; map of De Leeuw et al. 1990 'conservation distribution 2000 (302, 303) areas' Muchoki 2000, 1990 Laikipia District 5,419 quoted in Shorrocks and Croft 2009 Ogutu et al. 2016, 1991 Laikipia 2,110 DRSRS/KWS Aerial count1 Ogutu et al. 2016, 1992 Samburu 1,185 DRSRS/KWS Aerial count1 Lamu (847);Isiolo (2,600); Marsabit Ogutu et al. 2016, Total population for areas 1993 (3,904); Turkana DRSRS/KWS Aerial sampled: 8,569 (0); Samburu count1 (1,218) Mandera (1,029); Isiolo (1,186); Ogutu et al. 2016, Laikipia (1,254); Total population for areas 1994 DRSRS/KWS Aerial Marsabit (3,902); sampled: 7,832 count1 Turkana (0); Samburu (461) Muchoki 2000, quoted in Shorrocks 1994 Laikipia District 2,118 and Croft 2009

Ogutu et al. 2016, 1995 Wajir 8,205 DRSRS/KWS Aerial count1 Butynski 2000: 1995 Arawale NR Present (159) Lamu (367; Ogutu et al. 2016, Total population for areas 1996 Garissa (5,853); DRSRS/KWS Aerial sampled: 7,535 Samburu (1,315) count1 Grunblatt et al. 1995, DRSRS 1996 Garissa District 9,819 1997, quoted in Butynski 2000 (92) Muchoki 2000, Laikipia District 1997 2,903 quoted in Shorrocks xxx and Croft 2009 Ogutu et al. 2016, 1997 Laikipia 1,077 DRSRS/KWS Aerial count1 Georgiadis et al. 1997/1998 Laikipia District 1,856 2007 Kenya, protected 1998 > 575; decreasing East 1999 (95) areas Kenya, private 1998 Absent East 1999 (95) land 1998 Kenya, other areas 26,970; stable East 1999 (95) 1998 Kenya total 27,540 [sic]; stable/decreasing East 1999 (95) Georgiadis et al. 1998/1999 Laikipia District 1,498 2007 Bour-Algi Giraffe Githiru et al. 2007 1999 c 30 Sanctuary (5) Ogutu et al. 2016, 1999 Laikipia 1,209 DRSRS/KWS Aerial count1 Georgiadis et al. 1999/2000 Laikipia District 1,543 2007 Georgiadis et al. 2000/2001 Laikipia District 1,433 2007 North Eastern Garissa District: xxx; Mandera 2001 DRSRS Province District: xxx; Wajir District: xxx EwasoNg'iro watershed Kinnaird et al. 2010 2001 966 (S.E. 289) excluding Laikipia, (5) Lewa, Lorogi Kinnaird et al. 2012 2001 Laikipia District 1,727 (6) Lamu (459); Wajir (4,976); Garissa Ogutu et al. 2016, (4,479); Isiolo Total population for areas 2001 DRSRS/KWS Aerial (425); Laikipia sampled: 12,862 count1 (1,720); Samburu (803) Georgiadis et al. 2001/2002 Laikipia District 1,720 2007 2002 Sweetwaters GR 150 Birkett 2002 (277) Georgiadis et al. 2002/2003 Laikipia District 1,597 2007 Dahiye 2005, Bour-Algi Giraffe 2003 > 300 quoted in Githiru et Sanctuary al. 2007 (6) Ogutu et al. 2016, 2003 Laikipia 1,316 DRSRS/KWS Aerial count1 Ogutu et al. 2016, 2004 Laikipia 1,633 DRSRS/KWS Aerial count1 Buffalo Springs, Ihwagi and Buffalo Springs: 44; Samburu: 2005 Samburu, Shaba Douglas-Hamilton 40; Shaba: 33; total: 117 NRs 2005 4) Community conservancies Il Ngwezi: 0; Kalama: 25; Ihwagi and 2005 north and south- Lekuruki: 1; Namunyak: 108; Douglas-Hamilton west of Samburu Sera: 2; Westgate: 6; total: 142 2005 (4) NR South of Buffalo Springs: 0; Unprotected areas west of Buffalo Springs: 0; Ihwagi and north, south and 2005 Kipsing: 5; north of Namunyak: Douglas-Hamilton east of Samburu 6; around Sera: 30; around 2005 4) NR Shaba: 17; total: 58 Ogutu et al. 2016, Isiolo (1,070); Total population for areas 2005 DRSRS/KWS Aerial Laikipia (1,720) sampled: 2,790 count1 Bour-Algi Giraffe Githiru et al. 2007 2005/2006 985 (projected) Sanctuary (16) North-western 2006 26 Dahiye 2009 (453) Garissa District Ogutu et al. 2016, Lamu (449); Total population for areas 2006 DRSRS/KWS Aerial Laikipia (1,554) sampled: 2,003 count1 Ogutu et al. 2016, 2007 Laikipia 1,107 DRSRS/KWS Aerial count1 Ogutu et al. 2016, 2008 Laikipia 1,936 DRSRS/KWS Aerial count1 March: 1,931 (S.E. 628); no Kinnaird and 2008 Laikipia District trend in biennial-survey dataset Ojwang' 2008 (5) 1981-2008 November: ADC Mutara: 2; Barsalinga/Samburu: 107; Barsaloi: 0; Barsaloi/North-west Mathews: 0; Colcheccio/Kisima: 293; DoinyoUasin: 23; East Barsalinga/Mukogodo: 0; East Ol Jogi/Borana: 337; Ewaso: 51; Isiolo: 61; Kipsing: 0; Kirimon: 0; Kirisia/: 0; Korr: 0; Kulamawe: 10; Laisamis: 54; Lewa: 83; Lodume/Marti Sumalta: 0; Litoroh et al. 2010 2008 Laikipia/Samburu Mpala/El Karama/Ol Jogi/West (14, 33) Barsalinga: 402; Mugi/Marmar: 105; Ngilai: 0; North Eastern: 0; Ol Ari Nyiro/OlMorani: 3; OlDoinyoSabach: 173; OlPajeta/Solio: 213; Out: 0; : 0; Segera: 79; Serolevi: 414; South Horr: 3; Suguroi: 0; West Isiolo/Samburu: 144; total: 2,557; map of distribution and abundance Ogutu et al. 2016, Marsabit (1,240); Total population for areas 2009 DRSRS/KWS Aerial Laikipia (1,924) sampled: 3,164 count1 EwasoNg'iro Kinnaird et al. 2010 2010 watershed February: ≥ 934 (S.E. 194) (2) excluding Laikipia February: ≥ 1,432 (S.E. 268); Kinnaird et al. 2010 2010 Laikipia District graph of population trend 1982- (2, 8) 2008 Samburu (1,079); Ogutu et al. 2016, Total population for areas 2010 Laikipia (1,432); DRSRS/KWS Aerial sampled: 2,511 Turkana (0) count1 Aberdare Country Club: 45; ADC Mutara: 14; Barsalinga: 107; Barsaloi/Kirisa/Mathews: 100; Doinyo: 23; East Barsalinga/Mukogodo: no data; El Karama/Mpala/Ol Jogi/West Barsalinga: no data; Ewaso: 51; Garissa/Ijara: 1660; Isiolo: 61; Kipsing: present; Kirmon: present; Kisima: 293; Korr: present; Kulamawe: 10; Laisamis: 54; Lewa: 83; Mandera: < 400; Marmar: 105; Marsabit 1: 30; Marsabit 2: 83; Marsabit 3: 71; Meru Kenya Wildlife 2011 Kenya Conservation Area (Bisanandi Service 2013 (9-11) NR, Kora NP, Meru NP, NR, northern grazing area, Rahole NR): 891; Ngilai: no data; OlDoinyoSabach/Ololokwe: 173; OlMorani: present; Ol Pejeta/Solio: 213; Out: no data; Rumuruti: present; Segera: present; Seral: 414; South Horr: 3; Suguroi: present; Wajir: > 500; West Isiolo/Samburu: 144; total (excluding 'no data', 'present'): 5,528; considered to include underestimates Garissa (4,356); Ogutu et al. 2016, Wajir (3,797); Total population for areas 2011 DRSRS/KWS Aerial Mandera (130); sampled: 10,451 count1 Isiolo (2,168) January: 1,666; 'none within 40 Ijara and parts of km of the Somali border'; map 2011 Fafi, Lamu and King et al. 2011 of Garissa Districts distribution and abundance Map of distribution and EwasoNg'iro 2012 abundance 1995-2010 Eriksen et al. 2012 catchment

March: 1,105 (S.E. 253); graph 2012 Laikipia District of density by land use 2001- Kinnaird et al. 2012 2012 Ogutu et al. 2016, Lamu (950); Total population for areas 2012 DRSRS/KWS Aerial Laikipia (1,319) sampled: 2,269 count1 Samburu (420); Ogutu et al. 2016, Total population for areas 2013 Isiolo (1,315); DRSRS/KWS Aerial sampled: 1,735 Turkana (0) count1 Ogutu et al. 2016, 2014 Marsabit 625 DRSRS/KWS Aerial count1 Samburu (336); Ogutu et al. 2016, Total population for areas 2015 Laikipia (1,096); DRSRS/KWS Aerial sampled: 2,137 Isiolo (705) count1 Ogutu et al. 2016, 2016 Laikipia 2002 DRSRS/KWS Aerial count1 Kisima/Suiyan: 100-150 (June Direct from 2016 Laikipia County 2016, estimate); Sabuk: 30-40 Conservancy/Ranch (June 2016, estimate) Managers Lewa and Borana: 251 (March 2017 concurrent aerial and ground count); Ol Pejeta: 205 (August 2017 On ground, vehicle survey with Direct from Laikipia/Isiolo photographic evidence); Mutara 2017 Conservancy/Ranch Counties Conservation Area: 72 Managers (September 2017 On ground, vehicle survey with photographic evidence); Olmaisor: 33 (December 2017, Vehicle game count)

Namunyak Conservancy: 185 (estimate from areas sampled TwigaWalinzi from photo monitoring with Giraffe 2017 individual ID from Giraffe Conservation Spotter, not a total estimate for Program all ofNamunyak Conservancy) Loisaba: 122 (Jan 2018, Estimate from photo monitoring with individual ID from Giraffe Spotter); Mugie: 60 (Jan 2018, ground survey); Sosian: 76 (Jan 2018, Great Grevy’s Rally ground count); Ivan/OldonyoLemboro: 60-75 (Jan 2018, Great Grevy’s Rally ground count); Male Ranch (Korere): 20 (Jan 2018, ground count); Ol Jogi: 285 (Jan 2018, aerial count); Loldaiga: 100 (Jan 2018, estimate); OlLentille Conservancy: 0 (Jan 2018, Direct from 2018 Laikipia County Great Grevy’s Rally ground respective land count); Lolomarik Farm: 41 managers (Jan 2018, vehicle game count); Sangare Conservancy: 30 (Jan 2018, estimate); Waragus Ltd: 25 (Jan 2018, twice weekly ground counts); Ol Malo: 31 (Feb 2018, sighted count); Karisia: 147 (Feb 2018, walking and driving survey); Chololo: 48 (Feb 2018, ground survey); Tango Maos Ltd.: 0 (Feb 2018, vehicle survey); El Karama Ranch and Combretum: 117 (Feb 2018, aerial and ground count)

Somalia

Chira Plain (Lak Stephenson 1988, 1988 Dere) proposed 'Wellknown for its Giraffe' quoted in Butynski NP 2000 Somalia, protected Present; abundance and trend 1998 East 1999 areas unknown Somalia, private 1998 Absent East 1999 land Somalia, other 1998 Uncommon/rare; decreasing East 1999 areas Present in parts of former 1998 Somalia total range, abundance unknown, East 1999 decreasing 1998 Bushbush NP Present; probably declining East 1999 Juba region and Anecdotal evidence of A.H. Ali, pers. 2014 near Kenya border persistence in limited numbers comm.

Overall

Protected areas 1998 > 575; decreasing East 1999 excluding Somalia

Private land 1998 Absent East 1999 excluding Somalia

Other areas 1998 > 27,110; stable/decreasing East 1999 excluding Somalia

Total excluding > 27,680 [sic]; 1998 East 1999 Somalia stable/decreasing Total excluding Somalia adjusted 1998 for undercounting 36,000; stable/decreasing East 1999 bias in aerial surveys Somalia, Ethiopia, 2007 < 3,000 Brown et al. 2007 Kenya

Table 3: Current estimates of Reticulated Giraffe subpopulations in Ethiopia, Kenya and Somalia

Area Number Source Year

Ethiopia <100 Marais et al. 2013 2013 Somalia <100 A.H. Ali, pers. comm. 2014 Kenya: Ogutu et al. 2016, Mandera 130 DRSRS/KWS Aerial 2011 count1,2 KWS northern Kenya Marsabit 342 2017 Aerial counts Ogutu et al. 2016, Wajir 3,797 DRSRS/KWS Aerial 2011 count1,2 Ogutu et al. 2016, Turkana 0 DRSRS/KWS Aerial 2013 count1 KWS northern Kenya Laikipia-Isiolo-Samburu 4,006 2017 Aerial counts Meru (excluding Meru Conservation 2 4 108 KWS aerial count 2012 Area ) 4 KWS northern Kenya Meru (Meru Conservation Area ) 871 2017 Aerial counts Ogutu et al. 2016, Garissa 4,356 DRSRS/KWS Aerial 2011 count1,2,5 Lamu 1,974 GEC aerial count2, 6, 7 2015

Total (approximate) 15,784

1 Estimates for Kenya county populations are derived from KWS aerial count data and extrapolated using Jolly’s Method II. Details and data can be found in Ogutu et al. 2016. Where the same area is sampled more than once in the same year the most recent survey data are used for the population estimate. 2 Estimates for Mandera (130) Wajir (3,797) and Garissa (6,988; DRSRS 2011) are included even through the fractions of the areas sampled (and the numbers counted) were small: 6.15% (8), 5.03% (191) and 5.28% (369) respectively, so as to be conservative, and use actual data rather than expert opinion 3 An estimate for the Laikipia/Samburu ecosystem (6,597; GEC 2015) is not used in favour of systematic counts of a wider area (KWS aerial counts). 4Meru Conservation Area includes Meru and Kora National Parks, Bisanandi, Mwingi and Rahole National Reserves and the Northern Grazing Area. 5 Dr King believes that there may be similar densities of ReticulatedGiraffes uncounted in Garissa in Garissa north and south. 5 This figure excludes blocks counted by KWS/NRT in 2011 (162, 163, 167, 170, 171). 7 It is possible that this figure includes a small number of Maasai Giraffes south-west of the Tana River (blocks 153, 157).

DRSRS: Department of Resource Surveys and Remote Sensing GCF: Giraffe Conservation Foundation GEC: Great Elephant Census KWS: Kenya Wildlife Service

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