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Home , Byzantine Empire, Romulus Augustulus

and the Rise of – Unit 6

General Events:

250 AD Persecution of Christians 286 divides Roman into East and West parts; ruled by himself and 305 Abdication of Diocletian and Maximian; Constantius and rule joint 307-327 Reign of Constantine 313 / 337 ? Edict of , giving Christians freedom of 324 Constantine convenes the Council of 330 Constantine dedicates new of on site of Byzantium, naming it 337 Constantine is baptized a Christian on his deathbed 383 accept 395 division of the Roman Empire begun by Diocletian becomes total separation 4th-5th cent. Decline of 410 sack 455 sack Rome 476 Last Roman abdicates ( Augustulus); Ostrogoths rule 493-526 Theodoric the Ostrogoth reigns in Italy 527-565 Reign of Justinian as Eastern in Constantinople 532 Civil disorders in Constantinople c. 533 Justinian codifies Roman 540 Ostrogoths conquers Italy for Justinian; comes under Byzantine rule 570 born; dies 632 730-843 Iconoclastic Controversy; on religious imagery 800 Leo III crowns first Western Roman emperor () at Rome since 5th cent. 988-989 accept Christianity 1054 Eastern and Western formally split 1204 Crusaders sack Constantinople on the way to the 1453 Constantinople falls to , ending the Church of Hagia becomes a

Literature and Philosophy: c. 67 Apostle , bearer of Christian message throughout the Mediterranean, martyred in Rome c. 350 Earliest extant Greek codex of c. 386 Saint translates Bible into 397 , The Confessions 413-426 Augustine of Hippo, The of God c. 522-524 , of Aristotle’s writings 524 Execution of Boethius by Theodoric the Ostrogoth c. 620 Qur-an develops

Art: c. 425 Mosiacs at Mausoleum of Galla , Ravenna c. 450 in Orthodox Baptistery, Ravenna 6th cent. Art tied to theological doctrine and liturgical practice of Orthodox Church c. 547 Ivory of Archbishop Maximian, given by Justinian for San Vitale (Ravenna) c. 550 of Saint Apollinare Nuovo and San Vitale, Ravenna 730-843 Ban on religious imagery; most early pictographic art destroyed 10th cent. Renewal of tradition 12th cent. Mosaics at , c. 1410 Rublev active as painter of in Moscow

Architecture: c. 324 Constantine has stadium in Constantinople enlarged to form c. 326 Holy Sepulchre, c. 333 Old St. ’s Basillica, Vatican Use of a plan and central plan with a dome c. 450 Arian Baptisteries, Ravenna c. 493-526 Saint’ Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna c. 526-547 San Vitale, Ravenna 526 Theodoric’s Tomb, Ravenna 532-537 , Constantinople, is rebuilt combining basilica plan with central plan with a dome c. 550 Monastery of Saint Catherine, Mount Sinai 1063 Saint Mark’s, Vince is begun c. 1166 Church of the Intercession of the Virgin, near Vladimir, , “onion dome” adapted from central dome

Music:

After 350 Beginnings of Byzantine , probably based on Hebrew music 386 Saint Ambrose of Milan begins use of vernacular hymns in church 590-602 Gregorian chant established at Rome during papacy of Gregory the Great 7th cent. Golden age of Byzantine hymnody Codification of Greek liturgy