DOCSLIB.ORG

The Byzantine Empire • 1204 AD – Crusaders Pillage Constantinople

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Byzantine Empire • 1204 AD – Crusaders Pillage Constantinople Byzantine Timeline • 285 AD– Diocletian divides the Roman Empire. • 312 AD – Constantine legalizes Christianity. • 527-565 AD– Justinian builds and codifies Roman laws. 850’s AD – Byzantine culture spreads to Russia. • 1054 AD – Christian church splits. The Byzantine Empire • 1204 AD – Crusaders pillage Constantinople. The Greek word for Constantinople was “Byzantium”, • 1453 AD – Constantinople thus this “New Rome” became the Byzantine Empire – falls to the Ottoman Empire. lasting for an additional 1,000 years in cultured prosperity, while Rome fell to Germanic invaders. The Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire The Eastern Portion of the Roman Empire •Under pressure from attacks by Germanic tribes and Huns, Diocletian divided the empire of Rome into an Eastern section and a Western section ruled from Rome in 285 AD. Statue of Emperor Diocletian. Diocletian Divides the Roman Empire Constantine Emperor Constantine •In 312 AD, Constantine legalized Christianity and moved the capital of the empire to Byzantium on the Bosporus which became Constantinople, or the “City of Constantine,” and “New Rome.” Statue of Emperor Constantine. Byzantium - Constantinople •At the crossroads of Europe and Asia, Constantinople was a major center for trade. Silks and spices arrived from the East, furs from Russia, and grains, olives, and wines from the empire itself brought the empire great wealth. Rome vs. Byzantium Rome - the Western Empire •Spoke Latin •Territory included Italy, Gaul, Britain and Spain. •Trade was disrupted. •Not as wealthy as the East. Rome vs. Byzantium Byzantium - the Eastern Empire or “New Rome” •The Empire was oriented towards the Greek culture. Greek was the language spoken, written and taught. •Wealthy empire that benefited from trade routes that connected Europe, Asia and Africa. •Religion - Eastern or “Greek” Orthodox Church. Interior of Hagia Sophia Justinian Emperor Justinian •Justinian tried to re-conquer the Western Empire of Rome. He oversaw the building of Hagia Sophia. •He is best remembered for his code of laws called Justinian’s Code. Mosaic of Emperor Justinian. Justinian’s Code of Laws Justinian set up a panel of 10 legal experts, who brought together over 400 years worth of Roman laws and traditions into one single, uniform book of laws and commentaries known as Justinian's Code. Justinian's Code contained 4 separate works – •The Code - which contained 5,000 Roman laws the Byzantines still found relevant and useful. •The Digest - which quoted and summarized the opinions of Rome's greatest legal minds. It served as a useful guide for judges deciding a case. •The Institutes - a textbook that taught law students how to use the laws. •The Novella or New laws that were passed after 534 AD. The Code discussed the Law for Individuals and the Natural Laws that a person is born with and entitled to. This idea of the Natural Laws of Man will be picked up again by political philosophers such as John Locke and Thomas Jefferson, who will argue for the natural laws or unalienable laws a man is born with, "that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness." Justinian – Hagia Sophia •New roads, an imperial palace, fortresses, hippodrome (circus), universities, market places, aqueducts, and monasteries were built under Justinian’s reign. His best known achievement was Hagia Sophia or the “Holy Wisdom of Christ” church. Justinian – Hagia Sophia • Hagia Sophia or the “Holy Wisdom of Christ” church was the largest church in the East. •Today, it is an imperial mosque for Muslims who took the city in 1453. Byzantine Art – Mosaics and Icons Mosaic – on the left – of Justinian and his court and an Icon of Christ on the right. Mosaics and Icons were two of the more popular styles of Byzantine art. Russia Formation of Medieval Russia •In the 800’s Russian culture emerged as a blend of Slavic, and Rus (Varangian – Viking) cultures. They traded with Constantinople, bringing furs, timber, wax and honey. Slavic subjects were sold as slaves in Constantinople as well. A Viking Rus Formation of Russia Russia formed near 3 of her great rivers –the Volga, the Dnieper and the Don. Her first capital was in Novgorod then Kiev. Later, it was moved to Moscow. Rus vikings settled among the Slavs and built forts along the rivers for trade. Russia Formation of Medieval Russia •Eastern Orthodox missionaries spread their Christian faith to these Slavic tribes – creating the Cyrillic alphabet for their Russian language. •The spread of Eastern Orthodoxy brought Russia closer to Constantinople and the Byzantine culture and traditions. Cyrillic Alphabet Russia Formation of Medieval Russia •In 989 AD, Prince Vladimir of Kiev converted to Byzantine Christianity and made all of his subjects convert too. •Russia was now linked to Constantinople via trade and religious traditions. Prince Vladimir of Kiev baptizing the Russian people. The Roman Catholic Church Divides •In 1054, a schism, or split occurred in the Roman Catholic Church. •The 1.Roman Catholic Church remained the only Christian church in the West, while in the Byzantine Empire, the 2.Eastern or “Greek” Orthodox Church became the state sponsored church. The Roman Catholic Church Divides The Pope in Rome (Pope Leo IX -Roman Catholic Church), stated he was the supreme leader of the Church; while the Patriarch of Constantinople (Michele Cerulari) opposed this claim. Two Churches The Roman Catholic Church •Services were held in Latin. •Popes had both secular and spiritual power. During this era, they were as powerful as kings. •Priests were not allowed to marry, and divorce was not permitted. Pope Leo IX Two Churches The Eastern Orthodox Church •Services were held in Greek. •Patriarch was the church leader while the emperor was the political leader. •Priests were allowed to marry, and divorce was permitted. Patriarch of Constantinople The Roman Catholic Church Divides •Can you list differences between the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church? The Byzantine Empire Contributions of the Byzantines •They kept the advanced learning, culture and traditions of the Greeks and Romans alive. •Justinian’s Code of Laws influenced many nations. •Eastern Orthodox church helped unify Slavic tribes, giving them a written language and the Cyrillic alphabet.. A Byzantine soldier and official. The Fall of the Byzantines The Fall of the Byzantine Empire •Constantinople was weakened by repeated attacks from the Seljuk Turks. •Christian crusaders pillaged Constantinople in 1204, and finally in 1453, Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks. Sultan Mehmet II who conquered Constantinople .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Conversion of Kariye Museum to Mosque in Turkey
    Conversion of Kariye Museum to Mosque in Turkey August 24, 2020 A month after turning the iconic Hagia Sophia museum, originally a cathedral, into a mosque, Turkey’s government has decided to convert another Byzantine monument in Istanbul, which has been a museum for over 70 years, into a working mosque. Late last year, the Council of State, the highest administrative court in Turkey, had removed legal hurdles for the Chora (Kariye) museum’s reconversion into a mosque. President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, whose Islamist AK Party has long called for the reconversion of the Ottoman-era mosques that were secularised by Kemalists, signed a decree, transferring the management of the medieval monument to the Directorate of Islamic Affairs. Kariye Museum Originally built in the early 4th century as a chapel outside the city walls of Constantinople built by Constantine the Great, the Chora Church was one of the oldest religious monuments of the Byzantine era and of eastern Orthodox Christianity. It’s believed that the land where the chapel was built was the burial site of Babylas of Antioch, a saint of Eastern Christians, and his disciples. Emperor Justinian I, who built Hagia Sophia during 532-537, reconstructed Chora after the chapel had been ruined by an earthquake. Since then, it has been rebuilt many times. Today’s structure is considered to be at least 1,000 years old. Maria Doukaina, the mother-in-law of Emperor Alexios Komnenos I, launched a renovation project in the 11th century. She rebuilt Chora into the shape of a quincunx, five circles arranged in a cross which was considered a holy shape during the Byzantine era.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient Rome and Byzantium: the Birth of the Byzantine Empire
    Ancient Rome and Byzantium: The Birth of the Byzantine Empire Ancient Rome and Byzantium: The Birth of the Byzantine Empire by ReadWorks Constantinople, 15th century In 330 A.D., the Emperor Constantine moved the capital of the Roman Empire from Rome. He chose Byzantium, a city far east of Rome, as his new capital. He renamed the city Constantinople. In 476 A.D., the city of Rome was conquered. The western part of the Roman Empire was defeated. After that, only the eastern part of the empire was left. This was centered in Constantinople and became known as the Byzantine Empire. Latin and Greek were the two most important languages of the Byzantine Empire. Greek was spoken in daily life. Latin was used for religious ceremonies and government work. The Byzantine Empire's rulers made it a Christian empire. Christianity became the core of Byzantine life. Constantinople became the center of the Christian world. In 1453 A.D., the Byzantine Empire fell to the Turks. Today, Constantinople is called Istanbul, and it is the largest city in Turkey. ReadWorks.org · © 2012 ReadWorks®, Inc. All rights reserved. Ancient Rome and Byzantium: The Birth of the Byzantine Empire - Comprehension Questions Name: ___________________________________ Date: _______________ 1. According to the text, which of the following was an important language in the Byzantine Empire? A. Italian B. Greek C. Turkish D. English 2. What was the effect of the western part of the Roman Empire being defeated? A. Emperor Constantine moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium. B. Emperor Constantine renamed the city of Byzantium to Constantinople.
    [Show full text]
  • The Concept of the Third Rome and Its Political Implications
    THE CONCEPT OF THE THIRD ROME AND ITS POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS ALAR LAATS ■ In the first half of the sixteenth century an obscure Russian monk from Pskov wrote a number of letters in which he spoke about Moscow as the third Rome. The name of the monk was Filofei (Filotheos) and his letters were sent to the Pskov representative of the Moscow grand prince Vassilij III (1479–1533), to Vassilij himself and to Ivan IV the Terrible (1530–1584). In his letters Filofei explained that Rome had deviated from the true faith through the Apollinarian1 heresy. According to Filofei therefore Rome has been imprisoned by the devil. Constantinople, the second Rome has also fallen. The crucial passage is this: “I would like to say a few words about the existing Orthodox empire of our most illustrious, exalted ruler. He is the only emperor on all the earth over the Christians, the governor of the holy, divine throne of the holy, ecumenical, apostolic church which in place of the churches of Rome and Constantinople is in the city of Moscow, protected by God, in the holy and glorious Uspenskij Church of the most pure Mother of God. It alone shines over all the earth more radiantly than the sun. For know well, those who love Christ and those who love God, that all Christian empires will perish and give way to the one kingdom of our ruler, in accord with the books of the prophet, which is the Russian empire. For two Romes have 2 fallen, but the third stands, and there will never be a fourth.” The idea that Moscow is the third Rome did not come out of blue.
    [Show full text]
  • Constantine the Great and Christian Imperial Theocracy Charles Matson Odahl Boise State University
    Boise State University ScholarWorks History Faculty Publications and Presentations Department of History 1-1-2007 Constantine the Great and Christian Imperial Theocracy Charles Matson Odahl Boise State University Publication Information Odahl, Charles Matson. (2007). "Constantine the Great and Christian Imperial Theocracy". Connections: European Studies Annual Review, 3, 89-113. This document was originally published in Connections: European Studies Annual Review by Rocky Mountain European Scholars Consortium. Copyright restrictions may apply. Coda: Recovering Constantine's European Legacy 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 Constantine the Great and Christian Imperial Theocracy Charles Matson Odahl, Boise State University1 rom his Christian conversion under the influence of cept of imperial theocracy was conveyed in contemporary art Frevelatory experiences outside Rome in A.D. 312 until (Illustration I). his burial as the thirteenth Apostle at Constantinople in Although Constantine had been raised as a tolerant 337, Constantine the Great, pagan polytheist and had the first Christian emperor propagated several Olympian of the Roman world, initiated divinities, particularly Jupiter, the role of and set the model Hercules, Mars, and Sol, as for Christian imperial theoc­ di vine patrons during the early racy. Through his relationship years of his reign as emperor
    [Show full text]
  • Radoslav Bužančić Diocletianʼs Palace
    Radoslav Bužančić DIOCLETIANʼS PALACE Tο< òAspalCοu kCstrοn,̉íper palCtιοu mιkrín UDK: 728.8(497.5 Split) Radoslav Bužančić Ministarstvo kulture Konzervatorski odjel Trogir From the beginnings of the construction of the Roman imperial palaces to the early medieval royal residences of the Carolingian age, the architectural parts of the residences have retained, in east and west, a similar morphology and function. Their names are defined through concepts from literary references in which the imperial buildings are defined. The formal features and architectural organisation of the imperial palaces are mentioned most often in the works of Christian writers of Late Antiquity. For Christianity the earthly palace of the pagan, divinised king was but a feeble pic- ture of the heavenly palace that in the descriptions of the Church Fathers retains the names for the individual parts and their distribution. Thus for example in the martyrdom of St Thomas a paradisal palace is mentioned which the apostle sees in his sleep during his stay in India. According to the text given in Passio S. Tomae, the apostle was supposed to build a royal residence for King Gundaforus.1 The text of the passion, from the early Middle Ages, contains a detailed description of the palace that, among its many imaginary elements, also contains architectural parts of the real buildings that served the writer of the work as a model. Other sources, too, in which individual parts of the palace are described, contain concepts in which the functional units of imperial residences are defined. They have Latin and Greek roots, sometimes used at the same time, mostly to mark the functions of different rooms.
    [Show full text]
  • Istanbul, Not Constantinople: a Global City in Context
    Istanbul, Not Constantinople: A Global City in Context ASH 3931 Section 8ES5 / EUH 3931 Section 8ES5 / EUS 3930 Section 19ES Monday, Wednesday, Friday periods 5 Virtual office hours T R 1-3pm University of Florida Fall 2020 Course Description This is a course about why Istanbul is a global city and how it remains to be one. This particular city makes a central node in all the five utilities of global flow – defined by theorist Arjun Appadurai as ethnoscapes, technoscapes, financescapes, mediascapes, and ideoscapes. In this course, we take a multidisciplinary, transhistorical look at the city in three parts: 1) Pre-modern political, religious, commercial, and military exchanges that reflected and shaped the city landscape, 2) Modern cultural norms, natural disasters, and republican formations that caused the city to shrink on a logical and dramatic scale, and, 3) Artists, athletes, politicians, and soldiers that claimed the space in the city. Overlapping and standing alone at times, the topics to be explored likewise relate to various topics, including authority, civic nationalism, gender, migration, poverty, public health, and religion all in traditional and national, global and local ways. Beside others, students interested in European Studies, International Studies, Religious Studies, and Middle Eastern Studies are welcome and encouraged to join this survey course. Sophomore standing or the instructor’s approval is a prerequisite. Course Objectives By the end of the course, you should be able to: - Recognize and analyze the significance of Istanbul in discussions about geography, history, culture, politics, and sociology, - Present an informed understanding of global cities in comparative context, - Discuss specific developments that correlate Istanbul to political, social, economic, and other developments in the larger world, and, - Reconsider the nuanced dynamics that created and transformed Istanbul across time.
    [Show full text]
  • The Expansion and Fall of Rome
    Chapter The Expansion 2 and Fall of Rome Before You Read: People Search Use the following sentences to conduct a search for classmates who have the following information: • Find someone to explain who Caesar Augustus was. • Find a person who knows something about the Byzantine Empire. • Find someone who can point to a modern-day legacy of Rome. Record what you learn in your notebook. Big Ideas About Ancient Rome Government Governments create law codes and political bodies to organize a society. The Romans built a large and powerful empire. They held their empire together with military force and a highly organized government. After Rome’s fall, the Byzantines created a long-lasting empire. Integrated Technology INTERNET RESOURCES • Interactive Maps Go to ClassZone.com for • Interactive Visuals • WebQuest • Quizzes • Starting with a Story • Homework Helper • Maps • Research Links • Test Practice • Internet Activities • Current Events 284 Diocletian 330 becomes emperor. Emperor Constantine 476 L (gold coin showing moves capital from Western Roman Diocletian) Rome to Byzantium. Empire falls. 300s Aksum kingdom in East Africa reaches its height. (ruin of Aksum tower) L 42 P 10°W 0° 10°E 20°E 30°E 40°E Roman Empire, A.D. 120 North Sea BRITAIN London The Romans built the Pantheon as a tribute to their 50°N gods. The attached dome measures 142 feet in diameter and was the largest built until modern times. ATLANTIC GAUL OCEAN Massilia ITALY Black Sea Rome Byzantium SPAIN 40°N GREECE ANATOLIA M e d Ephesus i Athens Carthage t e Antioch r r SYRIA a n e a n S e a Jerusalem Alexandria 30°N AFRICA EGYPT Tropic of Cancer N Red Sea 0 300 600 miles W E 0 300 600 kilometers The Arch of Titus was completed in the late S 20°N fi rst century to honor the emperor Titus and his most famous military victory, the conquest of Jerusalem in A.D.
    [Show full text]
  • The Orthodox Church Addresses the Climate Crisis
    The Orthodox Church addresses the climate crisis The Orthodox Church Addresses the Climate Crisis The Orthodox Church Addresses the Climate Crisis Theodota Nantsou & Nikolaos Asproulis (eds.) WWF GREECE & VOLOS ACADEMY PUBLICATIONS ATHENS & VOLOS, 2021 ISBN: 978-618-5375-11-9 Cover painting: Fr. Stamatis Skliris, Nature Graphic design & typesetting: Costis Drygianakis Digital Printing: Alphabet SA, Athens Copyright: WWF Greece & Volos Academy Publications, 2021 Volos Academy Publications an imprint of Volos Academy for Theological Studies Melissiatika, Volos, Greece P.O.B. 1308, Volos GR-38001, Greece Tel. +302421093553, fax +302421077115 http://www.ekdotikidimitriados.org, http://www.acadimia.org e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] [email protected] Facebook: Volos Academy Theological Studies Twitter: @VolosAcademy1 Instagram: VolosAcademyTheologicalStudies Table of Contents THE ECUMENICAL PATRIARCH BARTHOLOMEW Foreword ................................................................................. 11 THE PATRIARCH OF THE SERBIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH, IRINEJ (†) Statement ................................................................................ 15 LAURENCE TUBIANA Foreword ................................................................................. 21 MARCO LAMBERTINI Foreword ................................................................................. 25 NIKOLAOS ASPROULIS & THEODOTA NANTSOU Introduction ..........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Capital = Constantinople • Continued As the New ROME • Kings Saw Themselves to Still Be Considered ROMAN Emperors
    • Capital = Constantinople • Continued as the New ROME • Kings saw themselves to still be considered ROMAN emperors Constantinople • Survived because it was far away from the Germanic tribe invasions • It was the crossroads of trade so it was successful • Preserved Greco- Roman culture Justinian • Justinian was a serious emperor who worked from dawn to midnight • He helped rebuild and re-conquer Rome • Had ABSOLUTE POWER = controlled both government and church Byzantine Under Justinian • He wanted a re-conquest of the Roman territories that were lost through Germanic invasions Justinian’s Accomplishments • Sent Best general Belisarius to take North Africa from the Vandals • 2 Years later Belisarius took Rome back from the Ostrogoths • Justinian won back nearly all the territory Rome used to rule. Justinian Code • Justinian set up a panel of legal experts to look through 400 years of Roman law. –Some laws were outdated –Justinian wanted to create a single, uniform code • This became known as the Justinian Code that was used for 900 years after his death Justinian Expands Trade • The main street that ran through Constantinople was called the MESE which means “Middle Way” –It ran from the imperial palace to the outer walls Justinian Expands Trade • There was a giant open-air market where shoppers could buy –Tin from England –Wine from France –Cork from Spain –Ivory and gold from Africa Byzantium Preserves Learning • Families valued education –Sent children to monastic or public schools –Hired private tutors –Greek and Latin grammar, philosophy and rhetoric • They preserved Greek and Roman great works Justinian’s Building Program • Launched the most ambitious public building program the Roman world had ever seen.
    [Show full text]
  • The Life of Mary Cycle at the Chora Church and Historical Pre- Occupations with the Chastity of the Virgin Mary in Byzantium
    1 Purity as a Pre-requisite for Praise: The Life of Mary Cycle at the Chora Church and Historical Pre- Occupations with the Chastity of the Virgin Mary in Byzantium Elizabeth Fortune AH 4119 Natif 12-6-2013 2 In this paper I will explore historical preoccupations with the physical purity of the Virgin Mary within Christian Byzantium. My discussion will focus on the second-century apocryphal gospel the Protoevangelium of James, Cappadocian theology, and the role of women within Byzantine society. I will ground my exploration within the context of historical debates regarding the status of the Virgin in the Early Christian Church. I will particularly discuss Mary’s significance as the Theotokos (God-bearer)within Byzantium, as it was necessarily informed and justified by perpetual assertions regarding the purity and sanctity of Mary’s physical body. I will utilize the decorative program of the Chora Church in Istanbul as a visual manifestation of perpetual concerns with Mary’s purity within Christian Byzantium. As the resident monastic order at the Chora, Cappadocian devotion to the Virgin necessarily influenced the iconographic and thematic content of the church’s decorative program.1 The particular nature of Cappadocian Marian devotion is thus relevant to my discussion of the Life of Mary Cycle, the Protoevangelium, and the Virgin’s role as Theotokos within Byzantium and the Eastern Church. In order to contextualize the Life of Mary cycle at the Chora, I will briefly investigate other historical and contemporary visual examples of the subject. I will then discuss one mosaic scene from the Life of Mary cycle at Chora: the Presentation of the Virgin in the Temple (fig.
    [Show full text]
  • The Kariye Camii: an Introduction ROBERT G. OUSTERHOUT History ORIGINALLY the MAIN CHURCH of the Chora Monastery, the Building N
    The Kariye Camii: An Introduction ROBERT G. OUSTERHOUT History ORIGINALLY THE MAIN CHURCH of the Chora monastery, the building now known as the Kariye Museum, or traditionally as the Kariye Camii (Mosque), represents one of the oldest and most important religious foundations of Byzantine Constantinople. Second in renown only to Justinian's Great Church, the Kariye is an increasingly popular tourist destination, known primarily for its splendid mosaic and fresco decoration. The early history and traditions associated with the Chora monastery have long been known from Byzantine texts, but the archaeological investigations and the careful examination of the fabric of the building carried out by the Byzantine Institute of America in the 1950s clarified many aspects of the building's long and complex development. The site of the Chora lay outside the fourth-century city of Constantine but was enclosed by the Land Walls built by Theodosius II (r. 408-450) in the early fifth century, located near the Adrianople Gate (Edirne Kepi). The rural character of the site, which seems to have remained sparsely inhabited well into the twentieth century, may account for the name chora, which can be translated as "land," "country" or "in the country." The appellation chora also has other meanings, and in later Byzantine times the name was reinterpreted in a mystical sense as "dwelling place" or "container": in the decoration of the building Christ is identified as chora ton zoonton (land, or dwelling place of the living and the Virgin as chora ton achoretou (container of the uncontainable). Both are wordplays on the name of the monastery: the former derived from Psalm 116, a verse used in the funerary liturgy, and the latter from the Akathistos Hymn honoring the Virgin.
    [Show full text]
  • THE TALE of SAINT ABEBCIUS. the Chief Authority for the Life of This
    THE TALE OF SAINT ABERCIUS. 339 THE TALE OF SAINT ABEBCIUS. THE chief authority for the life of this saint is the biography by Symeon Metaphrastes, written about 900-50 A.D. It quotes the epitaph on the saint's tomb, and the question whether this epitaph is an original document of the second century A.D., or a later forgery, is one of the utmost importance for the early history of the Christian church, and of many literary points connected with it. The document is not very easily accessible, so that it may be well to quote it as it is given in the Life by Metaphrastes; the criticism of the text has been to a certain extent advanced by the metrical restorations proposed by Pitra and others.1 'E/icXe/eTr;? iroXeas •jroXirrj^ TO'8' eirouqaa ^a>i>, Xv e%co iecupq> <TU>f*aTO<; ivddSe Bicnp, TOVVO/M A/8ep«tos d we /AadrjTT]? Hoifievo'i dyvov, os {36<rK€t, irpofSaTdtv dyeXa<s ovpeai TreStcu? Te" 6<f>6aX- fiov; os e\ei fieydXow} iravra KaOopotovra1;. OVTOS yap f-e eSiSalje ypdfifiara TriaTa' ets 'VwfirjV os eire/M'yfrev ifie a9p7Jtraf ica\ fBaol~kL<T<rav IBeiv ^pvcrocrToXo ^ Xaov 8' elSof eicei Xafiirpav a<bpayi§a e^ovra' ical 2U/SM;S X(*>Pa<> «oW Kal aarea irdvTa, Nt'crt/3tv Ev^pdrrjv Sta/3d<;' irdv- 7as 8' eaj(pv avvofirjyvpovi YlavXov e<ra>0ev. IL'ffTts 8e iravrl irporjye Kal irape6r}Ke Tpo<f)r)v, l%8vv airo •mjyr)'; ira/xfieyiOr] KaOapbv ov iBpd^aro Tlapdevos dyvtj, Kal TOVTOV eVeSaJKe <f>i\ot,<: iadieiv hiairavTO';- oivov ^prjarbv ej(pu<ra Kepao-pa ScBovaa //.«••?•' aprov.
    [Show full text]