DOCSLIB.ORG

The Byzantine Empire Agents

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Byzantine Empire Agents tHEBYZANT hvf^ EMPIRE^ EI3WARD-A Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924085212151 CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 3 1924 085 212 151 UNIFORM WITH THIS VOLUME THE STORY OF THE PHARAOHS BY JAMES BAIKIE, F.R.A.S. WITH 32 FULL-PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS AND 49 IN THE TEXT THE SEA-KINGS OF CRETE By JAMES BAIKIE, F.R.A.S. WITH 32 FULL-PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS FROM PHOTOGRAPHS EGYPT IN ASIA BY GEORGE CORMACK WITH 24 FULL-PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS AND 23 IN THE TEXT BURIED HERCULANEUM BY ETHEL ROSS BARKER WITH 9 PLANS AND 64 ILLUSTRATIONS ADAM AND CHARLES BLACK, 4,^5 AND 6 SOHO SQUARE, LONDON, W. THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE AGENTS AHESICA . THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 64 & M Fifth Avenue, new YORK AUBIBALASIA . OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 20S FLINDERS LANE. MELBOURNE CANADA , . THE MACMILLAN COMPANY OF CANADA. LTD. St. Martin's House, 70 Bond Street, TORONTO INDIA .... MACMILLAN & COMPANY, LTD. MACMILLAN BUILDING, BOMBAY 309 Bow BAZAAR Street, CALCUTTA Plate I JUSTINIAN TRIUMPHANT. luom an ivory in llic Mma dn Louvre, Palis. THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE THE REARGUARD OF EUROPEAN CIVILIZATION BY EDWARD FOORD WITH 32 FULL-PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS FROM PHOTOGRAPHS LONDON ADAM AND CHARLES BLACK 1911 TO THE MEMORY OF SIR PERCY BUNTING, MY GODFATHER IN LITERATURE PREFACE THIS volume is an attempt to supply the need of a short popular history of the Later Roman Empire. There is at present, I believe, no book on the subject in the English language between Professor Oman's sketch in the ' Story of the Nations ' series and monumental works like those of Gibbon, Finlay, and Bury. The Early Middle Age of Europe has always had a fascination for me, and on the wonderful story of the ' Byzantine' Empire I have concentrated much atten- tion. When, therefore, Mr. Gordon Home broached the idea of the present volume, I readily undertook the task, believing that a knowledge of what was required, combined with a real enthusiasm for my subject, might enable me to produce a book which would fill the gap. For me this work is only a preface to a larger one, embodying the results of my own original research, which I hope in the future to produce. I had the advantage of reading Dr. Bussell's first volume on the Roman Empire before publication ; the second appeared when this book was nearing completion. The orthography of the innumerable proper names has given a good deal of trouble, and I should not like to say that I have solved the problem. As regards chronology, I have generally followed Bury. The Maps are all from the author's drawings. That of the Roman Empire in 395 is based upon vii Preface the one in Kiepert's Atlas. The remaining five constitute, I believe, the first real attempt to illustrate the strange territorial fluctuations of the Empire on a rational principle. In every case the culmination of a particular epoch has been chosen. The Maps are supplemented by carefully compiled statistical tables, which may serve to give the reader a con- crete idea of the extent of the domain of Imperial Rome. The Map of the Hellenic Colonies was added at the suggestion of Mr. Gordon Home, and I must thank him for much valuable assistance in the matter of the illustrations. Little space has been wasted on ecclesiastical con- troversies, these being, in my opinion, entirely secondary to the Empire's work as preserver of civilization and rearguard of Europe. I have not hesitated to express the opinion that Byzantine cruelty is largely a myth, and otherwise it may be found that my estimate of certain rulers differs from that which commonly prevails. Four of the genealogical tables have been copied or adapted from those in Professor Bury 's work; the fifth and sixth were compiled with the assistance of my friend Mr. R. M. Cuningham, a fellow-enthusiast in things Byzantine, whose painstaking kindness I cannot too warmly acknowledge. Nor must I forget to thank Miss Marguerite Cartal for aiding me in the compilation of what, I hope, is a satisfactory index. I have elsewhere discussed and defended the use, for popular purposes at least, of the adjective ' Byzantine,' and do not need to do so here. EDWARD FOORD. October, igii. viii 31 CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. BYZANTIUM AND CONSTANTINOPLE. THE PEERLESS CAPITAL I II. CONSTANTINE TO ARCADIUS—BARBARIAN INFLUENCE 1 III. THEODOSIUS II. TO JUSTIN I.—REORGANIZATION - 31 - IV. JUSTINIAN I. 53 V. Justinian's successors—weakness and decay 84 VI. THE ONSET AND REPULSE OF IRAN—THE COMING OF ISLAM 95 VII. THE WARRIOR HERACLIADS 121 VIII. DESTRUCTION OF THE WORK OF THE HERACLIADS I4S IX. THE REPULSE OF ISLAM 1 60 X. THE ICONOCLASTS 180 XI. THE NAVAL AND MILITARY SYSTEMS 203 XII. IRENE'S SUCCESSORS TO MICHAEL III. 2 13 XIII. THE EARLY MACEDONIANS 238 XIV. THE GREAT CONQUERORS 266 XV. THE AGE OF WOMEN 299 XVI. THE COMING OF THE TURKS 3 16 XVII. THE COMNENOI—THE LAST GREAT RALLY 33 XVIIL THE ANGELOI—-THE TRAITOr's STROKE - 364 XIX. EPILOGUE : THE DEATH-AGONY 379 XX. BYZANTINE SOCIETY — THE EMPIRE'S PLACE IN HISTORY 397 EASTERN ROMAN SOVEREIGNS FROM A.D. 395 407 THE SOVEREIGNS OF THE POLYARCHY 409 ix Contents GENEALOGICAL TABLES PAGE 1. THE HOUSE OF THEODOSIUS 4'° II. THE DARDANIAN HOUSE 4I I III. THE HERACLIADS 412 IV. THE ISAURIANS - 413 V. THE AMORIANS AND MACEDONIANS 414 VI. THE COMNENOI, DUKAI, ANGELOI, AND PAL^O- LOGOl - facing 414 TABLES I. THE ROMAN EMPIRE IN A.D. 395 415 II. THE ROMAN EMPIRE COMPARED WITH OTHER EMPIRES OF THE ANCIENT AND MIDDLE AGES 416 III. THE TERRITORIAL FLUCTUATIONS OF THE EASTERN EMPIRE 416 INDEX 419 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PLATE I. Justinian Triumphant (Ivory) Frontispiece FACING PAGE II. The Triple Wall of Constantinople from outside 5 III. Part of Ivory Diptych of a Roman Consul, a.d. 518 12 IV. Ivory of the Empress Eudocia - - 33 V. 'Theodora Imperatrix' - 48 VI. Sancta Sophia, Constantinople • - 56 VII. Church of San Vitale, Ravenna (Interior) 65 VIII. Church of San Vitale, Ravenna, Mosaic of Theodora - 80 IX. Church of Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna (Interior) - 85 X. Column of the Serpents, Constantinople 92 XI. The Walls of Constantinople from the Seven Towers 113 XII. The Golden Gate, Constantinople 128 XIII. San Vitale, Mosaic of Constantine V. 145 XIV. Sarcophagus in S. ApoUini c in Classe - 160 XV. Mausoleum of Galla Plac i.a, Ravenna 165 XVI. St. Irene, Constantinople • - 172 XVII. Byzantine Coins - 193 XVIII. Galleries in Sancta Sophia, Constantinople 208 XIX. Byzantine Ornaments 229 XX. ' The Choice of Theophilus ' - 236 XXI. Church of The Twelve Apostles, Thessalonica 241 XXII. A Capital in the Church of San Vitale, Ravenna - 256 XXIII. The Taurus Mountains near Adana - 273 xi List of Illustrations PLATE FACING PAGE XXIV. The Walls of Antioch - - - 288 XXV. .Silk Brocade - 305 XXVI. The Marble Tower, Constantinople - 320 XXVII. Palace of the Porphyrogenitus, Constantinople 337 XXVIII. Sancta Sophia (Interior), Constantinople - - 352 XXIX. Harbour of Bucoleon, Constantinople - - 373 XXX. The Bosphorus and Castle of Europe, Constantinople 380 XXXI. The Pempton Gate, Constantinople - 385 XXXII. Medallions of Justinian I. and John VII. 400 LIST OF MAPS Principal Greek Colonies, 800-600 b.c. - xiv The Roman Empire, a.d. 395 - - 29 Eastern Empire, a.d. 565 79 Eastern Empire, a.d. 800 201 Eastern Empire, a.d. 959 261 Eastern Empire, a.d. 1025 - - 297 Eastern Empire, a.d. 1180 361 THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE THE REARGUARD OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION CHAPTER I BYZANTIUM AND CONSTANTINOPLE—THE PEERLESS CAPITAL the eighth and seventh centuries before Christ INthe Eastern Mediterranean was bidding fair to become a veritable network of Greek city-states. Never were there such colonizers as these men who had come down from the north and settled on the ruins of the far-famed sea-kingdom of Minos, whose glory they were destined to rival and surpass. Perchance the renown of the Minoan Empire, of which they must have heard, spurred them to emula- tion perchance they were forced seaward, like other ; peoples before and since, by pressure from behind. Domestic political troubles undoubtedly played their part in the formation of many of the settlements which covered the shores of the Levant ; but when every circumstance is taken into full con- Byzantium and Constantinople sideration, the feats of the men of Hellas were wonderful. The wild outburst of colonizing energy which began in the ninth century continued for two centuries without a check, and did not slacken until there was scarce any section of Eastern Mediter- ranean coast-line, save that of Egypt and Syria, that was not studded with Greek towns. It was not by the great cities of the Golden Age that the work was done. The now-forgotten towns of Chalcis and Eretria were the pioneers in Europe. In the eighth and seventh centuries the lead was taken by famed Miletus, leader of Hellas in many things until her destruction Persia in b.c. by 494 ; but Miletus found a not unworthy rival in the European town of Dorian Megara, on the Saronic Gulf. Megarean ships passed up the Hellespont, and established settlements on the Asiatic shore of the PrOpontis, steadily moving forward until, in 675, they founded Chalcedon (Kadikoi), at the entrance of the Thracian Bosphorus. How or why they overlooked the unrivalled site on the Thracian shore for the immeasurably inferior one of Chalcedon is truly difficult of comprehension fear ; perhaps their of the wild folk of the Thracian inland had some- thing to do with it.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Story of the Byzantine Empire
    THE STO RY O F T HE NATIO NS L LU T T E E R VO L . I z M o I S A . P , R D , T H E E AR L I E R VO L UM E S A R E f I N E F R E E B P o AS A . SO T H STO R Y O G E C . y r . I . HARR R F R E B TH U ILM A N T HE STO Y O O M . y A R R G EW B P f A K O S E R F T HE S . o S . M T HE ST O Y O J y r . J . H R B Z N R O F DE . A R A coz I T HE ST O Y C HA L A . y . — R F E R N . B S B ING O U L THE ST O Y O G MA Y y . AR G D F N W B P f H B YE S E N o . H . O T HE ST O R Y O O R A Y . y r N E n E B . E . a d S SA H T HE ST O R Y O F SP A I . y U N AL N B P R of. A . VAM B Y T HE STO R Y O F H U GA R Y . y r E ST R O F E B P of L E TH E O Y C A RT H A G .
    [Show full text]
  • Seven Churches of Revelation Turkey
    TRAVEL GUIDE SEVEN CHURCHES OF REVELATION TURKEY TURKEY Pergamum Lesbos Thyatira Sardis Izmir Chios Smyrna Philadelphia Samos Ephesus Laodicea Aegean Sea Patmos ASIA Kos 1 Rhodes ARCHEOLOGICAL MAP OF WESTERN TURKEY BULGARIA Sinanköy Manya Mt. NORTH EDİRNE KIRKLARELİ Selimiye Fatih Iron Foundry Mosque UNESCO B L A C K S E A MACEDONIA Yeni Saray Kırklareli Höyük İSTANBUL Herakleia Skotoussa (Byzantium) Krenides Linos (Constantinople) Sirra Philippi Beikos Palatianon Berge Karaevlialtı Menekşe Çatağı Prusias Tauriana Filippoi THRACE Bathonea Küçükyalı Ad hypium Morylos Dikaia Heraion teikhos Achaeology Edessa Neapolis park KOCAELİ Tragilos Antisara Abdera Perinthos Basilica UNESCO Maroneia TEKİRDAĞ (İZMİT) DÜZCE Europos Kavala Doriskos Nicomedia Pella Amphipolis Stryme Işıklar Mt. ALBANIA Allante Lete Bormiskos Thessalonica Argilos THE SEA OF MARMARA SAKARYA MACEDONIANaoussa Apollonia Thassos Ainos (ADAPAZARI) UNESCO Thermes Aegae YALOVA Ceramic Furnaces Selectum Chalastra Strepsa Berea Iznik Lake Nicea Methone Cyzicus Vergina Petralona Samothrace Parion Roman theater Acanthos Zeytinli Ada Apamela Aisa Ouranopolis Hisardere Dasaki Elimia Pydna Barçın Höyük BTHYNIA Galepsos Yenibademli Höyük BURSA UNESCO Antigonia Thyssus Apollonia (Prusa) ÇANAKKALE Manyas Zeytinlik Höyük Arisbe Lake Ulubat Phylace Dion Akrothooi Lake Sane Parthenopolis GÖKCEADA Aktopraklık O.Gazi Külliyesi BİLECİK Asprokampos Kremaste Daskyleion UNESCO Höyük Pythion Neopolis Astyra Sundiken Mts. Herakleum Paşalar Sarhöyük Mount Athos Achmilleion Troy Pessinus Potamia Mt.Olympos
    [Show full text]
  • Byzantine Conquests in the East in the 10 Century
    th Byzantine conquests in the East in the 10 century Campaigns of Nikephoros II Phocas and John Tzimiskes as were seen in the Byzantine sources Master thesis Filip Schneider s1006649 15. 6. 2018 Eternal Rome Supervisor: Prof. dr. Maaike van Berkel Master's programme in History Radboud Univerity Front page: Emperor Nikephoros II Phocas entering Constantinople in 963, an illustration from the Madrid Skylitzes. The illuminated manuscript of the work of John Skylitzes was created in the 12th century Sicily. Today it is located in the National Library of Spain in Madrid. Table of contents Introduction 5 Chapter 1 - Byzantine-Arab relations until 963 7 Byzantine-Arab relations in the pre-Islamic era 7 The advance of Islam 8 The Abbasid Caliphate 9 Byzantine Empire under the Macedonian dynasty 10 The development of Byzantine Empire under Macedonian dynasty 11 The land aristocracy 12 The Muslim world in the 9th and 10th century 14 The Hamdamids 15 The Fatimid Caliphate 16 Chapter 2 - Historiography 17 Leo the Deacon 18 Historiography in the Macedonian period 18 Leo the Deacon - biography 19 The History 21 John Skylitzes 24 11th century Byzantium 24 Historiography after Basil II 25 John Skylitzes - biography 26 Synopsis of Histories 27 Chapter 3 - Nikephoros II Phocas 29 Domestikos Nikephoros Phocas and the conquest of Crete 29 Conquest of Aleppo 31 Emperor Nikephoros II Phocas and conquest of Cilicia 33 Conquest of Cyprus 34 Bulgarian question 36 Campaign in Syria 37 Conquest of Antioch 39 Conclusion 40 Chapter 4 - John Tzimiskes 42 Bulgarian problem 42 Campaign in the East 43 A Crusade in the Holy Land? 45 The reasons behind Tzimiskes' eastern campaign 47 Conclusion 49 Conclusion 49 Bibliography 51 Introduction In the 10th century, the Byzantine Empire was ruled by emperors coming from the Macedonian dynasty.
    [Show full text]
  • Adalya 23 2020
    ISSN 1301-2746 ADALYA 23 2020 ADALYA ADALYA 23 2020 23 2020 ISSN 1301-2746 ADALYA The Annual of the Koç University Suna & İnan Kıraç Research Center for Mediterranean Civilizations (OFFPRINT) AThe AnnualD of theA Koç UniversityLY Suna A& İnan Kıraç Research Center for Mediterranean Civilizations (AKMED) Adalya, a peer reviewed publication, is indexed in the A&HCI (Arts & Humanities Citation Index) and CC/A&H (Current Contents / Arts & Humanities) Adalya is also indexed in the Social Sciences and Humanities Database of TÜBİTAK/ULAKBİM TR index and EBSCO. Mode of publication Worldwide periodical Publisher certificate number 18318 ISSN 1301-2746 Publisher management Koç University Rumelifeneri Yolu, 34450 Sarıyer / İstanbul Publisher Umran Savaş İnan, President, on behalf of Koç University Editor-in-chief Oğuz Tekin Editors Tarkan Kahya and Arif Yacı English copyediting Mark Wilson Editorial Advisory Board (Members serve for a period of five years) Prof. Dr. Mustafa Adak, Akdeniz University (2018-2022) Prof. Dr. Engin Akyürek, Koç University (2018-2022) Prof. Dr. Nicholas D. Cahill, University of Wisconsin-Madison (2018-2022) Prof. Dr. Edhem Eldem, Boğaziçi University / Collège de France (2018-2022) Prof. Dr. Mehmet Özdoğan, Emeritus, Istanbul University (2016-2020) Prof. Dr. C. Brian Rose, University of Pennsylvania (2018-2022) Prof. Dr. Charlotte Roueché, Emerita, King’s College London (2019-2023) Prof. Dr. Christof Schuler, DAI München (2017-2021) Prof. Dr. R. R. R. Smith, University of Oxford (2016-2020) © Koç University AKMED, 2020 Production Zero Production Ltd. Abdullah Sok. No. 17 Taksim 34433 İstanbul Tel: +90 (212) 244 75 21 • Fax: +90 (212) 244 32 09 [email protected]; www.zerobooksonline.com Printing Fotokitap Fotoğraf Ürünleri Paz.
    [Show full text]
  • The Arsenite Schism and the Babai Rebellion: Two Case Studies
    THE ARSENITE SCHISM AND THE BABAI REBELLION: TWO CASE STUDIES IN CENTER-PERIPHERY RELATIONS by Hüsamettin ŞİMŞİR Submitted to the Institute of Social Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History Sabancı University June 2018 © Hüsamettin Şimşir 2018 All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT THE ARSENITE SCHISM AND THE BABAI REBELLION: TWO CASE STUDIES IN CENTER-PERIPHERY RELATIONS Hüsamettin Şimşir M.A Thesis, June 2018 Thesis Supervisor: Dr. Fac. Member Ferenc Péter Csirkés This thesis aims to present an analysis of the interaction between Christians and Muslims in the west of Asia Minor at the end of the 13th and the beginning of the 14th centuries after two religious-social movements in the Byzantine and the Rum Seljuk Empires, the Arsenite Schism and the Babai Rebellion. After the unsuccessful rebellion of the Babais, antinomian dervishes who had migrated to the west of Asia Minor because of a heavy oppression as well as inquisition by the state and had a different religious belief apart from the mainstream religious understanding of the center initiated missionary activities in the regions along the Byzantine border. Accordingly, these dervishes had joined the military activities of the Turcoman chieftains against the Byzantines and interacted with the local Christian population and religious figures. As a result of this religious interaction, messianic and ascetic beliefs were increasingly present among the Greek-speaking population as well as spiritual leaders of western Anatolia. Since such interfaith and cross- cultural interaction had a considerable impact on the course of all these events, this thesis focuses on them to create a better understanding of the appearance of the Hesychasm in the Byzantine spiritual environment in the later period.
    [Show full text]
  • 6 X 10 Long.P65
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84633-2 - Rome’s Gothic Wars: From the Third Century to Alaric Michael Kulikowski Index More information Index iii Ablabius, 54 Ariaric, 84–85 Abrittus, 18, 28 Ariminum. See Rimini Adrianople: battle of, 139–143; curia of, Arinthaeus, 117 135–136; siege of, 146 Arius, 107–108 Ad Salices, battle of, 137 Armenia, 129, 137, 167, 168 Aequitius, 143 Arminius, 47 Africa, grain supply of, 6, 168, 175–176 army, Roman: as basis of imperial power, 26; Alamanni,59, 81, 105;origins of,39–40, 67, 71 barbarians in, 35–37, 82, 156; Goths in, 79, Alanoviamuth, 49 82, 103, 106, 156–157; losses of, at Alans, 124–128, 171, 183 Adrianople, 150 Alaric: 1–11, 157–177, 183–184; and Attalus, 9, Arpulas, 121 174–176; and Eutropius, 166–168; and Arrian, 125 Rufinus, 165; death of, 180; early career of, Ascholius, 118 161–162; first revolt of, 164–166; demands Asia Minor: Goths killed in, 146–147, 154; of, 1–2, 165, 172–174; followers, 1–2, 4–5, 6, Gothic revolt in, 168–169 157, 165 Athanaric, 101; ancestry of, 85; death of, 155; Alatheus, 126–127, 131–132, 152;at defeated by Huns, 126–128, 131–132; Adrianople, 141–142 persecutes Christians, 117–118, 120–122; Alavivus, 128–130, 132–133 Roman wars of, 116–118 Aleksandrovka, 92 Atharidus, 120 Alexander Severus, 28 Athaulf, 10, 158, 175, 177, 180–182 alphabet, Gothic, 110 Athens, 19 Amal dynasty, 50, 53, 161 Attalus, Priscus, 9, 174–176, 182–183 Ambrose of Milan, 160 Attica, 19 Ammianus Marcellinus, 103–105; Res Gestae Attila, 157 of, 104–105; on Adrianople, 140–141, 144, Augustae, 31 146–147; on Huns, 124–125 Augustine, 178–179 Antioch, 117, 129 Augustus, 22, 40 Antonine Constitution, 25, 34 Aurelian (emperor), 8, 20–21, 29–30 Antoninus Pius, 23 Aurelian (praetorian prefect), 169 Apamea, 19 Aureolus, 20, 29 Aquitaine, 158, 183 Aurelius Victor, 30 Arabs, 146 Auxentius, 107 Arbogast, 151, 162–163 Auxonius, 115 Arcadius, 163, 165, 172 archaeology.
    [Show full text]
  • PDF Catalogue
    1 GAUL, Massalia, c. 200-120 BCE, AR obol. 0.60g, 9mm. Obv: Bare head of Apollo left Rev: M A within wheel of four spokes. Depeyrot, Marseille 31 From the JB (Edmonton) collection. Obverse off-centre, but high grade, superb style, perfect metal, and spectacular toning. Estimate: 100 Starting price: 50 CAD 2 CIMMERIAN BOSPORUS, Pantikapaion, c. 310-303BC, AE 22. 7.61g, 21.5mm Obv: Bearded head of Satyr (or Pan), right Rev: P-A-N, forepart of griffin left, sturgeon left below Anokhin 1023; MacDonald 69; HGC 7, 113 Ex Lodge Antiquities Estimate: 100 Starting price: 50 CAD 3 CIMMERIAN BOSPOROS, Pantikapaion, c. 325-310 BCE, AE17. 3.91g, 17mm. Obv: Head of satyr left Rev: ΠΑΝ; Head of bull left. MacDonald 67; Anokhin 1046 From the JB (Edmonton) collection. Starting price: 30 CAD 4 THESSALY, Atrax, 3rd c. BCE, AE trichalkon. 6.03g, 18mm. Obv: Laureate head of Apollo right Rev: ATP-A-Γ-IΩN, horseman, raising right hand, advancing right. Rogers 169-71; BCD Thessaly II 59.6-10 Starting price: 30 CAD 5 THESSALY, Krannon, circa 350-300 BCE, AE chalkous. 2.41g, 15.4mm. Obv: Thessalian warrior on horse rearing right. Rev: KPAN, bull butting right; above, trident right. BCD Thessaly II 118.5; HGC 4, 391 From the zumbly collection; ex BCD Collection, with his handwritten tag stating, “V. Ex Thess., Apr. 94, DM 35” Starting price: 30 CAD 6 THESSALY, Phalanna, c. 350 BCE, AE 18 (dichalkon or trichalkon). 6.53g, 17.5mm. Obv: Head of Ares right, A to left .
    [Show full text]
  • Durham E-Theses
    Durham E-Theses Methodios I patriarch of Constantinople: churchman, politician and confessor for the faith Bithos, George P. How to cite: Bithos, George P. (2001) Methodios I patriarch of Constantinople: churchman, politician and confessor for the faith, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4239/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 METHODIOS I PATRIARCH OF CONSTANTINOPLE Churchman, Politician and Confessor for the Faith Submitted by George P. Bithos BS DDS University of Durham Department of Theology A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Orthodox Theology and Byzantine History 2001 The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published in any form, including' Electronic and the Internet, without the author's prior written consent All information derived from this thesis must be acknowledged appropriately.
    [Show full text]
  • The Byzantine State and the Dynatoi
    The Byzantine State and the Dynatoi A struggle for supremacy 867 - 1071 J.J.P. Vrijaldenhoven S0921084 Van Speijkstraat 76-II 2518 GE ’s Gravenhage Tel.: 0628204223 E-mail: [email protected] Master Thesis Europe 1000 - 1800 Prof. Dr. P. Stephenson and Prof. Dr. P.C.M. Hoppenbrouwers History University of Leiden 30-07-2014 CONTENTS GLOSSARY 2 INTRODUCTION 6 CHAPTER 1 THE FIRST STRUGGLE OF THE DYNATOI AND THE STATE 867 – 959 16 STATE 18 Novel (A) of Leo VI 894 – 912 18 Novels (B and C) of Romanos I Lekapenos 922/928 and 934 19 Novels (D, E and G) of Constantine VII Porphyrogenetos 947 - 959 22 CHURCH 24 ARISTOCRACY 27 CONCLUSION 30 CHAPTER 2 LAND OWNERSHIP IN THE PERIOD OF THE WARRIOR EMPERORS 959 - 1025 32 STATE 34 Novel (F) of Romanos II 959 – 963. 34 Novels (H, J, K, L and M) of Nikephoros II Phokas 963 – 969. 34 Novels (N and O) of Basil II 988 – 996 37 CHURCH 42 ARISTOCRACY 45 CONCLUSION 49 CHAPTER 3 THE CHANGING STATE AND THE DYNATOI 1025 – 1071 51 STATE 53 CHURCH 60 ARISTOCRACY 64 Land register of Thebes 65 CONCLUSION 68 CONCLUSION 70 APPENDIX I BYZANTINE EMPERORS 867 - 1081 76 APPENDIX II MAPS 77 BIBLIOGRAPHY 82 1 Glossary Aerikon A judicial fine later changed into a cash payment. Allelengyon Collective responsibility of a tax unit to pay each other’s taxes. Anagraphis / Anagrapheus Fiscal official, or imperial tax assessor, who held a role similar as the epoptes. Their major function was the revision of the tax cadastre. It is implied that they measured land and on imperial order could confiscate lands.
    [Show full text]
  • Aspects of St Anna's Cult in Byzantium
    ASPECTS OF ST ANNA’S CULT IN BYZANTIUM by EIRINI PANOU A thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Centre for Byzantine, Ottoman and Modern Greek Studies Institute of Archaeology and Antiquity College of Arts and Law The University of Birmingham January 2011 Acknowledgments It is said that a PhD is a lonely work. However, this thesis, like any other one, would not have become reality without the contribution of a number of individuals and institutions. First of all of my academical mother, Leslie Brubaker, whose constant support, guidance and encouragement accompanied me through all the years of research. Of the National Scholarship Foundation of Greece ( I.K.Y.) with its financial help for the greatest part of my postgraduate studies. Of my father George, my mother Angeliki and my bother Nick for their psychological and financial support, and of my friends in Greece (Lily Athanatou, Maria Sourlatzi, Kanela Oikonomaki, Maria Lemoni) for being by my side in all my years of absence. Special thanks should also be addressed to Mary Cunningham for her comments on an early draft of this thesis and for providing me with unpublished material of her work. I would like also to express my gratitude to Marka Tomic Djuric who allowed me to use unpublished photographic material from her doctoral thesis. Special thanks should also be addressed to Kanela Oikonomaki whose expertise in Medieval Greek smoothened the translation of a number of texts, my brother Nick Panou for polishing my English, and to my colleagues (Polyvios Konis, Frouke Schrijver and Vera Andriopoulou) and my friends in Birmingham (especially Jane Myhre Trejo and Ola Pawlik) for the wonderful time we have had all these years.
    [Show full text]
  • Jordanes and the Invention of Roman-Gothic History Dissertation
    Empire of Hope and Tragedy: Jordanes and the Invention of Roman-Gothic History Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Brian Swain Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2014 Dissertation Committee: Timothy Gregory, Co-advisor Anthony Kaldellis Kristina Sessa, Co-advisor Copyright by Brian Swain 2014 Abstract This dissertation explores the intersection of political and ethnic conflict during the emperor Justinian’s wars of reconquest through the figure and texts of Jordanes, the earliest barbarian voice to survive antiquity. Jordanes was ethnically Gothic - and yet he also claimed a Roman identity. Writing from Constantinople in 551, he penned two Latin histories on the Gothic and Roman pasts respectively. Crucially, Jordanes wrote while Goths and Romans clashed in the imperial war to reclaim the Italian homeland that had been under Gothic rule since 493. That a Roman Goth wrote about Goths while Rome was at war with Goths is significant and has no analogue in the ancient record. I argue that it was precisely this conflict which prompted Jordanes’ historical inquiry. Jordanes, though, has long been considered a mere copyist, and seldom treated as an historian with ideas of his own. And the few scholars who have treated Jordanes as an original author have dampened the significance of his Gothicness by arguing that barbarian ethnicities were evanescent and subsumed by the gravity of a Roman political identity. They hold that Jordanes was simply a Roman who can tell us only about Roman things, and supported the Roman emperor in his war against the Goths.
    [Show full text]
  • Des Soldats De L'armée Romaine Tardive: Les Protectores (Iiie-Vie
    THÈSE Pour obtenir le diplôme de doctorat Spécialité : Histoire, histoire de l’art et archéologie Préparée au sein de l’Université de Rouen Normandie Des soldats de l’armée romaine tardive : les protectores e e (III -VI siècles ap. J.-C.) Volume 2 : Prosopographie et annexes Présentée et soutenue par Maxime EMION Thèse soutenue publiquement le 6 décembre 2017 devant le jury composé de Professeur émérite d’histoire romaine, M. Michel CHRISTOL Examinateur Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne Professeur d’histoire romaine, Université M. Pierre COSME Directeur de thèse de Rouen Normandie Professeur d’histoire romaine, Université Mme Sylvie CROGIEZ-PETREQUIN Rapporteur François-Rabelais, Tours Professor Doktor, Kommission für Alte M. Rudolf HAENSCH Geschichte und Epigraphik des Deutschen Rapporteur Archäologischen Instituts, Munich Maître de conférences d’histoire romaine, M. Sylvain JANNIARD Examinateur Université François-Rabelais,Tours Thèse dirigée par Pierre COSME, GRHis (EA 3831) UNIVERSITÉ DE ROUEN NORMANDIE École doctorale Histoire, Mémoire, Patrimoine, Langage (ED 558) THÈSE DE DOCTORAT EN HISTOIRE, HISTOIRE DE L’ART ET ARCHÉOLOGIE Des soldats de l’armée romaine tardive : e e les protectores (III -VI siècles ap. J.-C.) Volume II – Prosopographie, Annexes, Bibliographie Présentée et soutenue publiquement le 6 décembre 2017 par Maxime EMION Sous la direction de Pierre COSME Membres du jury : Michel CHRISTOL, Professeur des universités émérite, Université Paris I – Panthéon Sorbonne Pierre COSME, Professeur des universités, Université de Rouen Normandie Sylvie CROGIEZ-PÉTREQUIN, Professeur des universités, Université François-Rabelais de Tours Rudolf HAENSCH, Professor Doktor, Kommision für Altegeschichte und Epigraphik, Munich Sylvain JANNIARD, Maître de conférences, Université François-Rabelais de Tours CATALOGUE PROSOPOGRAPHIQUE, ANNEXES, BIBLIOGRAPHIE 567 568 Introduction au catalogue prosopographique.
    [Show full text]