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Polskie I Europejskie Nurty Terminologiczne

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Polskie I Europejskie Nurty Terminologiczne 38 Marta Małachowicz Sambor Grucza (red.) Polskie i europejskie nurty terminologiczne Studi@ Naukowe pod redakcją naukową Sambora Gruczy Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Komunikacji Specjalistycznej i Interkulturowej Uniwersytet Warszawski Studi@ Naukowe 38 Komitet Redakcyjny prof. Sambor Grucza (przewodniczący), dr hab. Monika Płużyczka, dr Ilona Banasiak, dr Michał Wilczewski Rada Naukowa prof. Elżbieta Jamrozik (przewodnicząca), prof. Silvia Bonacchi, prof. Adam Elbanowski, dr hab. Krzysztof Fordoński, dr hab. Magdalena Latkowska, prof. Ludmiła Łucewicz, dr hab. Magdalena Olpińska-Szkiełko, prof. Olena Petrashchuk, dr hab. Boris Schwencke, dr hab. Paweł Szerszeń, prof. Anna Tylusińska-Kowalska, prof. Ewa Wolnicz-Pawłowska, dr hab. Bernadetta Wójtowicz-Huber, prof. Ewa Żebrowska Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Komunikacji Specjalistycznej i Interkulturowej Uniwersytet Warszawski Warszawa 2017 Marta Małachowicz Sambor Grucza (red.) Polskie i europejskie nurty terminologiczne Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Komunikacji Specjalistycznej i Interkulturowej Uniwersytet Warszawski Warszawa 2017 Komitet redakcyjny prof. Sambor Grucza (przewodniczący), dr hab. Monika Płużyczka, dr Ilona Banasiak, dr Michał Wilczewski Skład i redakcja techniczna Sambor Grucza, Marta Małachowicz Projekt okładki BMA Studio e-mail: [email protected] www.bmastudio.pl Założyciel serii prof. dr hab. Sambor Grucza ISSN 2299-9310 ISBN 978-83-64020-57-5 Wydanie pierwsze Redakcja nie ponosi odpowiedzialności za zawartość merytoryczną oraz stronę języ- kową publikacji. Publikacja Polskie i europejskie nurty terminologiczne jest dostępną na licencji Cre- ative Commons. Uznanie autorstwa-Użycie niekomercyjne-Bez utworów zależnych 3.0 Polska. Pewne prawa zastrzeżone na rzecz autora. Zezwala się na wykorzystanie publikacji zgodnie z licencją–pod warunkiem zachowania niniejszej informacji licen- cyjnej oraz wskazania autora jako właściciela praw do tekstu. Treść licencji jest do- stępna na stronie: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/pl/ Adres redakcji Studi@ Naukowe Instytut Komunikacji Specjalistycznej i Interkulturowej ul. Szturmowa 4, 02-678 Warszawa tel. (+48 22) 55 34 253 / 248 e-mail: [email protected] www.sn.iksi.uw.edu. Spis treści Wprowadzenie .............................................................................................................6 Polska szkoła terminologii Polskie badania terminologiczne – Marta Małachowicz .............................................8 Polska szkoła terminograficzna – Marek Łukasik ..................................................... 26 Wiedze specjalistyczne – terminy – ontologie terminologiczne – Anna Bajerowska .. 70 Języki specjalistyczne – terminy – uczenie języków specjalistycznych – Paweł Szerszeń .......................................................................... 89 Europejskie nurty terminologiczne Prague School of Terminology – Ivana Bozdĕchová .............................................. 108 Frankofońska szkoła terminologii – Małgorzata Tryuk .......................................... 121 Russian School of Terminology – Elena Nikulina .................................................. 140 Wiedeńska szkoła terminologii – Iwona Jacewicz .................................................. 150 Historia badań terminologicznych w Niemczech – Krzysztof Nycz ........................ 167 Finding one’s way: the case of Slovak terminology (general overview from 1844 onwards) – Jana Levická, Miroslav Zumrík ............ 180 Ukrainian School оf Terminology – Wiktoria Iwaszczenko .................................... 198 Anglosaskie badania terminologiczne: Wielka Brytania i Stany Zjednoczone – Tomasz Michta .................................................................... 226 Terminology work in Sweden – Anna-Lena Bucher ............................................... 266 Instytucjonalna działalność terminologiczna Standaryzacja terminologiczna w skali globalnej (na przykładzie terminów używanych przy standaryzacji nazw geograficznych) – Ewa Wolnicz-Pawłowska .. 284 Międzynarodowa normalizacja terminologii: „terminologiczny” komitet Między- narodowej Organizacji Normalizacyjnej ISO (TC 37) oraz jego polski odpowied- nik (KT 256 w Polskim Komitecie Normalizacyjnym) – Mariusz Górnicz ............ 296 Normalizacja terminologii z dziedziny wojskowości w strukturach NATO i siłach zbrojnych RP – Grzegorz Bździuch ............................................................. 313 Praca terminologiczna w instytucjach UE: zapewnianie wysokiej jakości tłumaczenia w warunkach wielojęzyczności – Karolina Stefaniak ......................... 324 Historia Komisji Terminologicznej przy Międzynarodowym Komitecie Slawistów – Stanisław Gajda, Wiktoria L. Iwaszczenko ....................... 334 4 Terminology Work in Finland – TSK’s Role – Katri Seppälä, Sirpa Suhonen ..... 342 TERMCAT (the Catalan Centre for Terminology) and its role in developing terminology work in Catalonia. Current challenges – Jordi Bover, Sandra Cuadrado .................................................................................................... 354 Autorki i autorzy 5 Wprowadzenie Zalążkiem, który zainicjował powstanie niniejszej książki, była chęć podjęcia próby syntetycznego przedstawienia dokonań polskiej terminologii. W miarę upływu czasu i dalszego namysłu nad ostatecznym kształtem tej publikacji doszliśmy do wniosku, że warto przedstawić także dokonania innych terminologii europejskich. Zdawało nam się bowiem, że przedstawienie terminologii polskiej w kontekście badań euro- pejskich umożliwi nakreślenie bardziej szczegółowego jej obrazu. Stąd też bierze się nominalne wyróżnienie części pierwszej pt. Polska szkoła terminologii i części dru- giej Europejskie nurty terminologiczne. Część trzecia pt. Instytucjonalna działalność terminologiczna przedstawia wybrane aspekty praktycznej działalności terminolo- gicznej w poszczególnych krajach i instytucjach. Dotychczasowe koncepcje terminologii jako nauki oraz ogromny potencjał apli- katywny badań terminologicznych pozwalają zakładać, że perspektywy rozwoju tej dyscypliny są szerokie, zaś współczesne możliwości technologiczne wprowadzają do rozważań terminologicznych nową jakość. W niniejszym tomie zamieściliśmy artykuły w języku polskim i angielskim przy- gotowane przez znakomitych przedstawicieli zarówno środowiska akademickiego, jak i krajowych lub branżowych służb terminologicznych. Mamy nadzieję, że teksty te nie tylko naszkicują kształt współczesnej terminologii, lecz także przyczynią się do wzrostu świadomości wagi prac terminologicznych. W tym miejscu chcieliśmy bardzo serdecznie podziękować wszystkim autorom tomu za czas i trud poświęcony na przygotowanie artykułów. Szczególnie serdeczne podziękowania pragniemy złożyć na ręce Pani prof. dr hab. Ewy Wolnicz-Pawłow- skiej za „udostępnienie” swoich europejskich kontaktów naukowych na rzecz niniej- szej publikacji. Pani mgr Joannnie Otockiej dziękujemy za pomoc językową. Warszawa, 25.05.2017 r. Marta Małachowicz Sambor Grucza 6 Polska szkoła terminologii 7 Polskie badania terminologiczne Marta Małachowicz (Uniwersytet Warszawski) Streszczenie Artykuł poświęcony jest badaniom terminologicznym na gruncie polskim. Pierwsza część za- rysowuje okoliczności oraz specyfikę kształtowania się polskiej terminologii na przestrzeni wieków zaznaczając równocześnie moment rozpoczęcia świadomej i systematycznej pracy terminologicznej. W drugiej części ukazane zostały podstawowe kierunki badań w obrębie terminologii w czasach współczesnych, tj. w XX wieku i obecnie. Trzecia część naświetla znaczenie działalności terminologicznej w rozwoju działalności naukowej i zawodowej oraz świadomości wagi prac terminologicznych w społeczeństwie. Abstract Terminology research in Poland The paper presents ways of terminology research development in Poland. The first part outlines the circumstances and distinctive qualities of terminology creation in Polish language throughout the centuries and emphasizes the moment of starting planned and systematic terminology work. The second part presents the main research directions in terminology in Poland in recent times, i.e. in the 20th century onwards. The third part shows the importance of terminology work in developing scientific and professional activities as well as the significance of terminological awareness in society. Wprowadzenie Słowo terminologia w słownikach języka polskiego, a także w literaturze przedmiotu występuje przede wszystkim w dwóch podstawowych znaczeniach (szerzej o etymo- logii i użyciu wyrazu terminologia zob. F. Grucza 1991: 11-16). Po pierwsze, oznacza ono zbiór terminów, które nazywają pojęcia danej dziedziny wiedzy lub działalności zawodowej człowieka. Ów zbiór terminów, a więc część słownictwa o zasięgu ogra- niczonym do określonych środowisk zawodowych, naukowych czy technicznych po- wstaje nie w długotrwałym naturalnym procesie słowotwórczym, lecz w sposób sztucznie przyspieszony jako wytwór tychże środowisk, towarzyszący rozwojowi re- prezentowanych przez nie dyscyplin i dziedzin wiedzy praktycznej, często pod silną presją języków obcych (zob. S. Czerni 1977: 12). Po drugie, terminologia oznacza naukę o terminach i w tym znaczeniu tożsama jest z określeniem terminoznawstwo, 8 choć nie jest to powszechnie stosowana nazwa – nie rejestrują jej słowniki współcze- snego języka polskiego1, a i w słownikach językoznawstwa też nie zawsze się poja- wia2. Pojawiają się w literaturze przedmiotu głosy, że terminologia jako nauka o ter- minach jest „bardziej postulowana niż realizowana” (zob. D.
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