THE Pennsylvania Magazine OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY

VOLUME LXXXI

THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA 1300 LOCUST STREET, PHILADELPHIA 7 1957

CONTENTS

ARTICLES Page Trial and Error at Allegheny: The Western State Penitentiary, 1818-1838 Eugene E. Doll 3 The Pennsylvania Railroad's Southern Kail Empire John F. Stover 28 The Sea Captains Club William Bell Clark 39 Scull and Heap's Map of Philadelphia Nicholas B. Wainwright 69 The Culture of Early Pennsylvania Frederick B. Tolles 119 William Penn, Classical Republican Mary Maples 138 John Redman, Medical Preceptor, 1722-1808 Whitfield J. Bell, Jr. 157 Governor William Denny in Pennsylvania Nicholas B. Wainwright 170 William Birch: His "Country Seats of the United States" Martin P. Snyder 225 James Buchanan and Public Office: An Appraisal Robert E. Carlson 255 Henry C. Carey and the Republican Tariff Arthur M. Lee 280 Gifford Pinchot's 1914 Campaign M. Nelson McGeary 303 The New Penn Portraits R. N. Williams, 2nd 347 Benjamin Franklin and The Pennsylvania Chronicle John J. Zimmerman 351 Christopher Ludwick, The Patriotic Gingerbread Baker William Ward Condit 365 The Gilpins and Their Endless Papermaking Machine Harold B. Hancock and Norman B. Wilkinson 391 heigh Hunt and His Pennsylvania Editor David Kaser 406

NOTES AND DOCUMENTS

Hannah Callowhill and Penn's Second Marriage Henry J. Cadbury 76 Ebenezer Hazard in Pennsylvania, 1777 Fred Shelley 83 John Bartram in the Cedar Swamps Winifred Notman Prince 86 Sweden Honors John Bartram Francis D. West 88

BOOK REVIEWS 91, 199, 319, 415

iii ILLUSTRATIONS

A Map of Philadelphia, and Parts Adjacent Scull and Heap facing p. 70

Market Street, Philadelphia William Birch facing p. 117

China Retreat William Birch facing p. 225

William Penn Francis Place facing p. 347

William Penn Armor Portrait facing p. 348

Hannah Penn John Hesselius facing p. 349

Hannah Penn Francis Place facing p. 350

Gilpin Paper Machine p. 403

iv THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA

OFFICERS

President BOYD LEE SPAHR

Vice-Presidents BOIES PENROSE WILLIAM C. TUTTLE CONYERS READ CHARLES STEWART WURTS ROY F. NICHOLS HAMILTON V. BAIL

Secretary RICHMOND P. MILLER

Treasurer FREDERIC R. KIRKLAND

Counsel R. STURGIS INGERSOLL

Councilors ISAAC H. CLOTHIER, JR. SYDNEY E. MARTIN WILLIAM LOGAN FOX ADOLPH G. ROSENGARTEN, JR. JOHN H. GRADY ERNEST C. SAVAGE HENRY S. JEANES, JR. HAROLD D. SAYLOR ROBERT L. JOHNSON FREDERICK B. TOLLES A. ATWATER KENT, JR. H. JUSTICE WILLIAMS

The Council of the Society is composed of the President, Vice-Presidents, Secretary, Treasurer and twelve Councilors.

v STANDING COMMITTEES

Committee on Finance W. C. TUTTLE, Chairman In consultation with

CHARLES STEWART WURTS FREDERIC R. KIRKLAND

JOHN H. GRADY

Committee on Library and Collections

BOIES PENROSE, Chairman FREDERIC R. KIRKLAND

ROY F. NICHOLS ERNEST C. SAVAGE

HAMILTON V. BAIL

Committee on Hall and Buildings

HAMILTON V. BAIL, Chairman H. JUSTICE WILLIAMS

SYDNEY E. MARTIN A. ATWATER KENT, JR.

Committee on Membership and Activities

RICHMOND P. MILLER, Chairman HAROLD D. EBERLEIN

MRS. WALTER S. WHEELER A. G. ROSENGARTEN, JR.

HENRY S. JEANES, JR.

Committee on Nominations

HENRY S. JEANES, JR., Chairman CHARLES STEWART WURTS

ERNEST C. SAVAGE

Committee on Publications

ROY F. NICHOLS, Chairman BOIES PENROSE

CONYERS READ FREDERICK B. TOLLES

R. N. WILLIAMS, 2ND vi STAFF

Director

R. NORRIS WILLIAMS, 2ND

Research Librarian and Editor

NICHOLAS B. WAINWRIGHT

Associate Editor LoIs V. GIVEN

Assistant in Charge of the Reading Room

RAYMOND L. SUTCLIFFE

Assistant in Charge of Manuscripts Division

J. HARCOURT GIVENS

Assistant in Charge of Photo-reproduction

HOWARD T. MITCHELL

Assistant to the Treasurer

SARAH B. POMERANTZ

MEMBERSHIPS General $ 10.00 Associate 25.00 Patron 100.00 Life 250.00 Benefactor 1,000.00

PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE, per annuum (to nonmembers) 3.75

vii

Pennsylvania Magazine OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY

JANUARY 1957

TRIAL AND ERROR AT ALLEGHENY: THE WESTERN STATE PENITENTIARY, 1818-1838 Eugene E. Doll 3 THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD'S SOUTHERN RAIL EMPIRE John F. Stover 28 THE SEA CAPTAINS CLUB William Bell Clark 39 SCULL AND HEAP'S MAP OF PHILADELPHIA Nicholas 2. Wainwright 69 NOTES AND DOCUMENTS HANNAH CALLOWHILL AND PENN'S SECOND MARRIAGE Henry J. Cadbury 76 EBENEZER HAZARD IN PENNSYLVANIA, 1777 Fred Shelley 83 JOHN BARTRAM IN THE CEDAR SWAMPS Winifred Nptman Prince 86 SWEDEN HONORS JOHN BARTRAM Francis D. West 88 BOOK REVIEWS 91

PUBLISHED SINCE 1877 BY THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA

VOLUME LXXXI NUMBER 1 BOOK REVIEWS

PAGE

CRAVEN, The Legend of the Founding Fathers, by Brooke Hindle 91 POMFRET, The Province of West New Jersey, 1609-1702, by Edwin B. Bronner 92 WEAVER, Jonathan Trumbull, Connecticut's Merchant Magistrate (1710-1785), by Arthur L. Jensen 93 HINDLE, The Pursuit of Science in Revolutionary America, 1735-1789, by A. Hunter Dupree 95 ANDREWS, Architecture, Ambition and Americans, by Theo B. White 96 SAVAGE, ed., Nassau Hall, 1756-1956, by Nicholas B. Wainwright 98 DAVIES, Patriotism on Parade. The Story of Veterans' and Hereditary Organiza- tions in America, 1783-1900, by James A. Barnes 99 JONES, ed., Chief Justice John Marshall: A Reappraisal, by Harold D. Saylor 101 FORESTER, The Age of Fighting Sail. The Story of the Naval War of 1812, by William Bell Clark 102 KEHL, ILL Feeling in the Era of Good Feeling. Western Pennsylvania Political Battles, 1815-1825, by S. W. Higginbotham 104 COLEMAN, Banners in the Wilderness. Early Years of Washington and Jefferson College, by J. Orin Oliphant 105 WILLIAMS, ed., With Beauregard in Mexico. The Mexican War Reminiscences of P. G. T. Beauregard, by Thomas Robson Hay 107 BENTLEY, A History of the Freedman's Bureau, by Walter Fisher 108 MACARTNEY, Mr. Lincoln's Admirals, by Lawrence Ealy 109 MIERS, Robert E. Lee. A Great Life in Brief; DAVIS, Gray Fox. Robert E. Lee and the Civil War, by Thomas Robson Hay 111 WHITLEY, Kentucky Ante-Bellum Portraiture 113 Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, Vol. LXIX 113 MAXWELL, A Portrait of William Floyd, Long Islander 113

THE PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY is published each quarter in January, April, July and October by THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA, 1300 Locust Street, Philadelphia 7. Yearly subscription, $3.75; single numbers, $1.25. Communi- cations should be addressed to the Editor. The Editors do not assume responsibility for state- ments of fact or of opinion made by contributors. Entered as second-class matter March 1, 1889, at the Post Office at Philadelphia, Pennsyl- vania, under act of March 3, 1879. THE PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY

VOLUME LXXXI January, 1957 NO. 1

EIGHTY-FIRST YEAR OF PUBLICATION

Publications Committee

ROY F. NICHOLS BOIES PENROSE CONYERS READ FREDERICK B. TOLLES R. NORRIS WILLIAMS, 2ND

Editor NICHOLAS B. WAINWRIGHT

Associate Editor LOIS V. GIVEN Contributors

EUGENE E. DOLL was formerly Index Librarian of The Historical Society of Pennsylvania and editor of the Index to its MAGAZINE. His article on the Western Penitentiary was written while he was Junior Archivist of the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1954-1955. Dr. Doll is the author of several books as well as numerous articles in professional journals.

JOHN F. STOVER, Associate Professor of History at Purdue University, is interested in railroad history, social history, and the Civil War and Reconstruction. He has contributed articles to a number of historical magazines, and in 1955 published a monograph, The Railroads of the South, 1865-1900: A Study in Finance and Control.

WILLIAM BELL CLARK is well known to readers of the MAGAZINE for his articles on eighteen-century naval history. Mr. Clark is also the author of a number of books in this field, and in 1956 received the Poor Richard Club Almanack Award medal for his Ben Franklin's Privateers.

NICHOLAS B. WAINWRIGHT is Research Librarian of The Historical Society of Pennsylvania and editor of the MAGAZINE.

HENRY J. CADBURY is widely known for his research and writing in Quaker history in England and America. He has devoted much of his time to William Penn and his family, and has been a frequent contributor to the MAGAZINE.

FRED SHELLEY is Librarian of the New Jersey Historical Society, and was formerly librarian and editor at the Maryland Historical Society. In 1955 Mr. Shelley published a biographical sketch of Ebenezer Hazard in the William and Mary Quarterly.

WINIFRED NOTMAN PRINCE has pursued her study of John Bartram as a "hobby" for some years both in this country and in England.

FRANCIS D. WEST has spent many years doing research on John Bartram and has published a number of articles on the botanist. Mr. West is Vice-President of the John Bartram Association in Philadelphia.

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