THE Pennsylvania Magazine OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY VOLUME LXXXI THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA 1300 LOCUST STREET, PHILADELPHIA 7 1957 CONTENTS ARTICLES Page Trial and Error at Allegheny: The Western State Penitentiary, 1818-1838 Eugene E. Doll 3 The Pennsylvania Railroad's Southern Kail Empire John F. Stover 28 The Sea Captains Club William Bell Clark 39 Scull and Heap's Map of Philadelphia Nicholas B. Wainwright 69 The Culture of Early Pennsylvania Frederick B. Tolles 119 William Penn, Classical Republican Mary Maples 138 John Redman, Medical Preceptor, 1722-1808 Whitfield J. Bell, Jr. 157 Governor William Denny in Pennsylvania Nicholas B. Wainwright 170 William Birch: His "Country Seats of the United States" Martin P. Snyder 225 James Buchanan and Public Office: An Appraisal Robert E. Carlson 255 Henry C. Carey and the Republican Tariff Arthur M. Lee 280 Gifford Pinchot's 1914 Campaign M. Nelson McGeary 303 The New Penn Portraits R. N. Williams, 2nd 347 Benjamin Franklin and The Pennsylvania Chronicle John J. Zimmerman 351 Christopher Ludwick, The Patriotic Gingerbread Baker William Ward Condit 365 The Gilpins and Their Endless Papermaking Machine Harold B. Hancock and Norman B. Wilkinson 391 heigh Hunt and His Pennsylvania Editor David Kaser 406 NOTES AND DOCUMENTS Hannah Callowhill and Penn's Second Marriage Henry J. Cadbury 76 Ebenezer Hazard in Pennsylvania, 1777 Fred Shelley 83 John Bartram in the Cedar Swamps Winifred Notman Prince 86 Sweden Honors John Bartram Francis D. West 88 BOOK REVIEWS 91, 199, 319, 415 iii ILLUSTRATIONS A Map of Philadelphia, and Parts Adjacent Scull and Heap facing p. 70 Market Street, Philadelphia William Birch facing p. 117 China Retreat William Birch facing p. 225 William Penn Francis Place facing p. 347 William Penn Armor Portrait facing p. 348 Hannah Penn John Hesselius facing p. 349 Hannah Penn Francis Place facing p. 350 Gilpin Paper Machine p. 403 iv THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA OFFICERS President BOYD LEE SPAHR Vice-Presidents BOIES PENROSE WILLIAM C. TUTTLE CONYERS READ CHARLES STEWART WURTS ROY F. NICHOLS HAMILTON V. BAIL Secretary RICHMOND P. MILLER Treasurer FREDERIC R. KIRKLAND Counsel R. STURGIS INGERSOLL Councilors ISAAC H. CLOTHIER, JR. SYDNEY E. MARTIN WILLIAM LOGAN FOX ADOLPH G. ROSENGARTEN, JR. JOHN H. GRADY ERNEST C. SAVAGE HENRY S. JEANES, JR. HAROLD D. SAYLOR ROBERT L. JOHNSON FREDERICK B. TOLLES A. ATWATER KENT, JR. H. JUSTICE WILLIAMS The Council of the Society is composed of the President, Vice-Presidents, Secretary, Treasurer and twelve Councilors. v STANDING COMMITTEES Committee on Finance W. C. TUTTLE, Chairman In consultation with CHARLES STEWART WURTS FREDERIC R. KIRKLAND JOHN H. GRADY Committee on Library and Collections BOIES PENROSE, Chairman FREDERIC R. KIRKLAND ROY F. NICHOLS ERNEST C. SAVAGE HAMILTON V. BAIL Committee on Hall and Buildings HAMILTON V. BAIL, Chairman H. JUSTICE WILLIAMS SYDNEY E. MARTIN A. ATWATER KENT, JR. Committee on Membership and Activities RICHMOND P. MILLER, Chairman HAROLD D. EBERLEIN MRS. WALTER S. WHEELER A. G. ROSENGARTEN, JR. HENRY S. JEANES, JR. Committee on Nominations HENRY S. JEANES, JR., Chairman CHARLES STEWART WURTS ERNEST C. SAVAGE Committee on Publications ROY F. NICHOLS, Chairman BOIES PENROSE CONYERS READ FREDERICK B. TOLLES R. N. WILLIAMS, 2ND vi STAFF Director R. NORRIS WILLIAMS, 2ND Research Librarian and Editor NICHOLAS B. WAINWRIGHT Associate Editor LoIs V. GIVEN Assistant in Charge of the Reading Room RAYMOND L. SUTCLIFFE Assistant in Charge of Manuscripts Division J. HARCOURT GIVENS Assistant in Charge of Photo-reproduction HOWARD T. MITCHELL Assistant to the Treasurer SARAH B. POMERANTZ MEMBERSHIPS General $ 10.00 Associate 25.00 Patron 100.00 Life 250.00 Benefactor 1,000.00 PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE, per annuum (to nonmembers) 3.75 vii Pennsylvania Magazine OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY JANUARY 1957 TRIAL AND ERROR AT ALLEGHENY: THE WESTERN STATE PENITENTIARY, 1818-1838 Eugene E. Doll 3 THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD'S SOUTHERN RAIL EMPIRE John F. Stover 28 THE SEA CAPTAINS CLUB William Bell Clark 39 SCULL AND HEAP'S MAP OF PHILADELPHIA Nicholas 2. Wainwright 69 NOTES AND DOCUMENTS HANNAH CALLOWHILL AND PENN'S SECOND MARRIAGE Henry J. Cadbury 76 EBENEZER HAZARD IN PENNSYLVANIA, 1777 Fred Shelley 83 JOHN BARTRAM IN THE CEDAR SWAMPS Winifred Nptman Prince 86 SWEDEN HONORS JOHN BARTRAM Francis D. West 88 BOOK REVIEWS 91 PUBLISHED SINCE 1877 BY THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA VOLUME LXXXI NUMBER 1 BOOK REVIEWS PAGE CRAVEN, The Legend of the Founding Fathers, by Brooke Hindle 91 POMFRET, The Province of West New Jersey, 1609-1702, by Edwin B. Bronner 92 WEAVER, Jonathan Trumbull, Connecticut's Merchant Magistrate (1710-1785), by Arthur L. Jensen 93 HINDLE, The Pursuit of Science in Revolutionary America, 1735-1789, by A. Hunter Dupree 95 ANDREWS, Architecture, Ambition and Americans, by Theo B. White 96 SAVAGE, ed., Nassau Hall, 1756-1956, by Nicholas B. Wainwright 98 DAVIES, Patriotism on Parade. The Story of Veterans' and Hereditary Organiza- tions in America, 1783-1900, by James A. Barnes 99 JONES, ed., Chief Justice John Marshall: A Reappraisal, by Harold D. Saylor 101 FORESTER, The Age of Fighting Sail. The Story of the Naval War of 1812, by William Bell Clark 102 KEHL, ILL Feeling in the Era of Good Feeling. Western Pennsylvania Political Battles, 1815-1825, by S. W. Higginbotham 104 COLEMAN, Banners in the Wilderness. Early Years of Washington and Jefferson College, by J. Orin Oliphant 105 WILLIAMS, ed., With Beauregard in Mexico. The Mexican War Reminiscences of P. G. T. Beauregard, by Thomas Robson Hay 107 BENTLEY, A History of the Freedman's Bureau, by Walter Fisher 108 MACARTNEY, Mr. Lincoln's Admirals, by Lawrence Ealy 109 MIERS, Robert E. Lee. A Great Life in Brief; DAVIS, Gray Fox. Robert E. Lee and the Civil War, by Thomas Robson Hay 111 WHITLEY, Kentucky Ante-Bellum Portraiture 113 Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, Vol. LXIX 113 MAXWELL, A Portrait of William Floyd, Long Islander 113 THE PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY is published each quarter in January, April, July and October by THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA, 1300 Locust Street, Philadelphia 7. Yearly subscription, $3.75; single numbers, $1.25. Communi- cations should be addressed to the Editor. The Editors do not assume responsibility for state- ments of fact or of opinion made by contributors. Entered as second-class matter March 1, 1889, at the Post Office at Philadelphia, Pennsyl- vania, under act of March 3, 1879. THE PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY VOLUME LXXXI January, 1957 NO. 1 EIGHTY-FIRST YEAR OF PUBLICATION Publications Committee ROY F. NICHOLS BOIES PENROSE CONYERS READ FREDERICK B. TOLLES R. NORRIS WILLIAMS, 2ND Editor NICHOLAS B. WAINWRIGHT Associate Editor LOIS V. GIVEN Contributors EUGENE E. DOLL was formerly Index Librarian of The Historical Society of Pennsylvania and editor of the Index to its MAGAZINE. His article on the Western Penitentiary was written while he was Junior Archivist of the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1954-1955. Dr. Doll is the author of several books as well as numerous articles in professional journals. JOHN F. STOVER, Associate Professor of History at Purdue University, is interested in railroad history, social history, and the Civil War and Reconstruction. He has contributed articles to a number of historical magazines, and in 1955 published a monograph, The Railroads of the South, 1865-1900: A Study in Finance and Control. WILLIAM BELL CLARK is well known to readers of the MAGAZINE for his articles on eighteen-century naval history. Mr. Clark is also the author of a number of books in this field, and in 1956 received the Poor Richard Club Almanack Award medal for his Ben Franklin's Privateers. NICHOLAS B. WAINWRIGHT is Research Librarian of The Historical Society of Pennsylvania and editor of the MAGAZINE. HENRY J. CADBURY is widely known for his research and writing in Quaker history in England and America. He has devoted much of his time to William Penn and his family, and has been a frequent contributor to the MAGAZINE. FRED SHELLEY is Librarian of the New Jersey Historical Society, and was formerly librarian and editor at the Maryland Historical Society. In 1955 Mr. Shelley published a biographical sketch of Ebenezer Hazard in the William and Mary Quarterly. WINIFRED NOTMAN PRINCE has pursued her study of John Bartram as a "hobby" for some years both in this country and in England. FRANCIS D. WEST has spent many years doing research on John Bartram and has published a number of articles on the botanist. Mr. West is Vice-President of the John Bartram Association in Philadelphia. PRINTED IN U. S. A. by Wm, F. Fell Co., PHILADELPHIA, PA..