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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 304 351 SO 019 E31 TITLE Historic Pennsylvania Leaflets No. 1-41. 1960-1988. INSTITUTION Pennsylvania State Historical and Museum Commission, Harrisburg. PUB DATE 88 NOTE 166p.; Leaflet No. 16, not included here, is out of print. Published during various years from 1960-1988. AVAILABLE FROMPennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, P.O. Box 1026, Harrisburg, PA 17108 ($4.00). PUB TYPE Collected Works - General (020)-- Historical Materials (060) EDRS PRICE MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS History; Pamphlets; *Social Studies; *State History IDENTIFIERS History al Explanation; *Historical Materials; *Pennsylvania ABSTRACT This series of 41 pamphlets on selected Pennsylvania history topics includes: (1) "The PennsylvaniaCanals"; (2) "Anthony Wayne: Man of Action"; (3) "Stephen Foster: Makerof American Songs"; (4) "The Pennsylvania Rifle"; (5) "TheConestoga Wagon"; (6) "The Fight for Free Schools in Pennsylvania"; (7) "ThaddeusStevens: Champion of Freedom"; (8) "Pennsylvania's State Housesand Capitols"; (9) "Harrisburg: Pennsylvania's Capital City"; (10)"Pennsylvania and the Federal Constitution"; (11) "A French Asylumon the Susquehanna River"; (12) "The Amish in American Culture"; (13)"Young Washington in Pennsylvania"; (14) "Ole Bull's New Norway"; (15)"Henry BoLquet and Pennsylvania"; (16)(out of print); (17) "Armstrong's Victoryat Kittanning"; (18) "Benjamin Franklin"; (19) "The AlleghenyPortage Railroad"; (20) "Abraham Lincoln and Pennsylvania"; (21)"Edwin L. Drake and the Birth of the Petroleum Industry"; (22)"Painting in Pennsylvania: Part 1, The Province and Early Commonwealth"; (23) "Painting in Pennsylvania: Part 2, Since theEighteen-Thirties"; (24) "The Walking Purchase"; (25) "Albert Gallatin: Masterof Finance"; (26) "William Penn in Pennsylvania"; 27) "Conrad Weiser: Holder of the Heavens"; (28) "James Buchanan"; (29) "The UndergroundRailroad"; (30) "Centennial Exhibition of 1876"; (31)"Pennsylvania Archeology: An Introduction"; (32) "Chief Cornplanter"; (33)"Pennsylvania's Roads before the Automobile"; (34) "Pennsylvania'sRoads: The Twentieth Century"; (33) "The Liberty Bell"; (36)"Simon Cameron"; (37) "The Battle of Brandywine"; (33) "The Battleof Germantown"; (39) "Gifford Pinchot"; (40) "The Battleof Wyoming and Hartley's Expedition"; and (41) "The Sullivan and BrodheadExpeditions (JHP) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best thatcan be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** HISTORIC PENNSYLVANIA LEAFLETS NO. 1-41 1960-1988 "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION MATERIAL IN MICROFICHE ONLY Once of Educational Researchand Improvement HAS B EN GRANTED BY EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) )(Thisdocument has beenreproduced /mom i,AlyeAs received from the person or organiwionas originating A O Minor changes have been madeto improve reproduction Quality TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES Points of view or opinion 3 statedan this dour ment do not necessary representofficial INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." 0E111 positron or policy Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission P.O. Box 1026 Harrisburg, PA 17108 The Pennsylvania Canals DOWN the eastern sea'mard of the Unitedthe Indian trails which the pack trains followed States the Appalachians present a barrierhad been widened to accommodate wagons, was tocommercialtransportation. Throughthisprohibitive of commerce on any extended scale. mountain wall the state of New York has a Nature lnrself, however, had provided a convenient passageinthe Mohawk Valley.partial solution to the problem she had thus Pennsylvania, however, has no such gateway tocreated. Great rivers, the Delaware, Susque- the western part of the State. and beyond.hanna, and Allegheny, pierced the mountains, Even the Juniata Valley, which penetrates farrange after range (except for the Allegheny into the interior, is brought up short by theMountain), by way of gorges known locally as huge, unbroken mass of Allegheny Mountain. "water gaps"; and in the valleys between these In colonial days, to overcome the Appala-ranges flowed countless navigable tributaries. chian barrier, traders drove trains of pack horses From the earliest days of the Province of (each carrying a load of some 200 pounds)upPennsylvania, plans were studied for encourag- and down the mountain ridges; but the cost ofing trade by means of waterways. William Penn, transporting goods over such heights, even afterthe Fot Titter, as early as 1690 dreamed of con- .101, NsION arV NEW YORK echo eigNAN NOWJeRSEY 4 EsoLA 1J DELAWARE& oN WaKEsBARitt CANAL oaf 0013:0- Aviv/L[1 I- 5u,V8u4y .14AucH A swArAN4 e444. AZIDea rAts :PI RASI gliCHONALISCO E. 're Ply NlpN CANAL; ,< tire, .7-N.ANnw c Ma/Mt-AP/a larRi DecaAct. W.VA. MARYLAND 13.1477A0RE Cocr The canals of Pennsylvania. Not all these canals were in existence at the same time. Insets show the famous tunnel of the Union Canal near Lebanon anda canal bridge. HISTORIC PENNSYLVANIA LEAFLET No. 1 1 necling Delaware River traffic with the Susque-ville, and Erie by the Ohio River, the Beaver hanna River. His thought was to build a canalDivision Canal. the Erie Extension, and the to follow the upstream course of TulpeliockenFranklin Line. The Youghiogheny Navigation .reek from its mouth on the Schuylkill Riverand Monongahela Navigation companies, both and the downstream course of the Swatara toprivate enterprises, were completed in 1850 and its mouth on the Susquehanna. Such a canal1856 to bear traffic between southwestern Penn- would bind the Delaware, Schuylkill, and Sus-sylvania and Pittsburgh. The Delaware and quehanna rivers into one great system of trans-Hudson Canal, promoted by a stock company, portation. linked, before 1830, the coal mines of the Lacka- A century was to pass, however, before Penn-wanna Valley and northeastern Pennsylvania sylvania had its first artificial waterway. In 1797 with the Hudson River and New York City, and the Conewago Canal, built on the west bank ofby 1846 was accommodating cargoes of fifty -four the Susquehanna below York Haven to enabletons. Other waterway terminals within the Com- boats to avoid the rocks and rapids of themonwealth connected with New Jersey canals Conewago Falls, was declared operable by theon the east and Ohio canals on the west, further- State. Its purpose was to link river traffic safely ing interstate commerce during the same period. with Columbia and with the turnpike whichA towpath bridge on the Susquehanna encour- ran from that town to Philadelphia. aged trade with Chesapeake Bay and Maryland The great spur to Pennsylvania canal build-by linking the Pennsylvania Canal at Columbia ing came from the example of the Erie Canal with the Susquehanna and Tidewater Canal at three decades later. As that New York stateWrightsville. project went forward between 1817 and 1825, The building of the. State-owned Pennsylvania Pennsylvania stock companies improved navi-Canal was a great and intricate feat in engineer- gation on the Schuylkill; and the Union Canaling. Channels had to be dug along difficult Company carried into final effect, in 1828, Penn's river banks and din-ugh mountain valleys high idea of joining the Schuylkill with the Susque-above sea level. Aqueducts had to be built to hanna by a canal along Tulpeliocken and Siva-carry the canal across rivers and creeks. Alle- tara creeks, thus connecting Middletown withgheny Mountain had to be crossed. Particularly Philadelphia by water. challenging was the east-west main route from Meanwhile, Pennsylvania citizens called forPhiladelphia to Pittsburgh, on which the most a system of public works which should provideexpert American engineers of 1825-1840 were access to Philadelphia for the timber, mining,employed, men like William S.rickland, Major and manufactures of all parts of the Common-John Wilson, Moncnre Robinson, Nathan S. wealth, even those regions west of AlleghenyRoberts, Stephen Harriman Long,Sylvester Mountain. The Pennsylvania Assembly of 1824Welch, Edward F. Gay, and William Milnor gave authorization, and by 1834 the Pennsyl-Roberts. vaniaCanalwhichsurmountedAllegheny For the great waterway required not only Mountain by carrying canal boats, passengers,two subsidiary railroads but an elaborate sys- and cargoes on the Allegheny Portage Railroad temoflift-locks,aqueducts,feeders,canal between Hollidaysburg and Johnstownwasbasins, waste-weirs, towing paths, bridges, and completed. thelike.Eighteenlift-locksserved between Other divisions of the State canal were ad-Columbia and Hollidaysburg, sixty-six between vanced or completed by the same year. PubliclyJohnstown and Pittsburgh. These had to over- owned canals ascended along the Delaware fromcome an elevation of 2.102 feet above Phila- Bristol to Easton, and along the two greatdelphia and 1,691 above Pittsburgh. To the branches of tho Susquehanna to Lock Haven andlast-named cityhe canal made entrance by Nanticoke; at the same time private projects,a great aqueduct crossing the Allegheny River either by canal or by canal and slack-waterfrom east of Allegheny Town, as it had already navigation, had made the Lehigh and Schuylkillcrossed the Susquehanna from Clark's Ferry rivers efficient for trade. By 1845 both privateto Duncan's Island by a mile-long towing-pat'', and public waterway connections had beenes- bridge. Travel and transport were slow on tablished to link the cities of Pittsburgh, Mead-canal boats drawn by mules or
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