Some Perspectives on Its Purpose from Published Accounts Preston E
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Edward Wall, a Loyalist in Conflict by Peter C
Edward Wall, a loyalist in Conflict by Peter C. Betz 178 Noonan Road, Fort Johnson, N.Y. 12070 . Tne author WQufd like to acknowledge. tlze res~~tth fLSSistan~e Of . Mt. Gavin K. Watt, PresUient of the Museum of Applied Milit4ry Mr. Peter C. Betz, a History alU/Lt. Col. William Smy, no,ted Butler's :Rtmgers authority, · native of ...bf>tlz of whom provided information not locally available, as well as Amsterdam . e_<!itorial and very patient cmnputer assistance provided by.Mr. Micha.el NY, grew Johnson. · . .. .. · .. .. up in the Mohawk Th~ - author aL<.Jo wishes to ack~owledge the influence of the late Col Valley, · Charles B, Briggs, past Superintendent ofJohnson Hall State Historic received his Site) who iii the J960's and early 70's was the first area historimi to · BA in acknowledge; research and lecture on the livf!"s, hard~hips and English and History sacrifices of the Loyalist.<;. from the University tic assertions dating back no further than tcr-as-tyrant, a characterization, no doubt of Vermont the writings of factually-liberal nine sometimes correct in Simms' own era. in 1965 and his Masters teenth century Ameri c<in historians such But on what primary documentation ol Library as Jcptha R. Simms, w ho in his 1882 Simms claims any authority for applying and Information Science at SUNY, Albany in opus, Frontiersmen of New York de this later stereotype to Edw<1rd Wall he 1966. Always interested in New York State scribes Wall as the first man to "use the does not say, si mply because there i s history, he wrote a weekly local history birch", and tells us that, "Wall was a se none. -
February 2003 Patriot
Descendents of America’s First Soldiers Volume 5 Issue 1 February 2003 Printed Four Times Yearly SPAIN AND CUBA IN THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE UNITED STATES During the Revolution- lutionary War turned out to be a ary War of the United States the desired opportunity. Spanish help to the colonists was Although France and Spain considerable, and in many cases began their economic aid the decisive. However, American year of the Declaration of Inde- historians, with notable excep- pendence, there were some dif- tions, have ignored this fact, re- ferences in the foreign policy of ferring only to the French contri- the two Bourbon families. In butions. There is always the France, the ideological influence doubt about whether the reason of the encyclopedists and the at- for this omission could be the tractive personality of Benjamin ignorance by American historian Franklin, representative of the of foreign languages or the tradi- Continental Congress of Phila- tional Anglo-Saxon hostility delphia, made the American against Spain. Whatever the rea- Revolution very popular. In son the fact is that most Ameri- Spain, on the contrary, there was cans do not know about that fun- a more conservative and cautious damental aspect of their history. political philosophy because of It is also fair to add that there is a the possible damage the English similar ignorance in Spanish naval power could inflict on the America and the Spanish speak- Spanish American colonies and ing population of the United the Spanish maritime commerce. States, in spite of a growing bib- The main difference in the liography on the subject. -
To Sail on to Boston, Leaving No Aid to Sullivan's Army. in the End It Seems
71 to sail on to Boston, leaving no aid to Sullivan’s army. In the end it seems d’Estaing couldn’t help but agree with his men. The French felt it was their first duty to preserve the fleet to fight another day.118 They also felt victory was not a mere few days away as Sullivan insisted.119 The Americans’ high hopes had grown higher at the sight of the French, only to be dashed. This abandonment hit the troops’ morale exceedingly hard. The French had “…left us in a most Rascally manner…” wrote Colonel Israel Angell of the Continental Army.120 Several days later, in a letter to Washington, Greene recounted “…it struck such a panic among the Militia and Volunteers that they began to desert by shoals. The fleet no sooner set sail than they began to be alarm’d for their safety. This misfortune damp’d the hopes of our Army and gave new Spirits to that of the Enemy.”121 Additionally, d’Estaing’s decision revived old prejudices against their former enemy turned ally.122 The anti-French sentiments went all the way to the top. Sullivan was furious and insinuated the French were traitors, nearly coming to blows with Lafayette, who bore the brunt of the army’s bitterness.123 Sullivan went on to write a strongly worded letter of protest to d’Estaing detailing why he should not quit the campaign, which further fueled tensions between the allies.124 America’s new alliance was now turning into a diplomatic disaster. Under the circumstances at hand, and after calming down, Sullivan did his best to assure the army to put their trust in him. -
Bicentennial Source Book, Level I, K-2. INSTITUTION Carroll County Public Schools, Westminster, Md
--- I. DOCUMENT RESUME ED 106 189 S0,008 316 AUTHOR _Herb, Sharon; And Others TITLE Bicentennial Source Book, Level I, K-2. INSTITUTION Carroll County Public Schools, Westminster, Md. PUB DATE 74 NOTE 149p.; For related guides, see CO 008'317-319 AVAILABLE FROM .Donald P. Vetter, Supervisor of Social Studies, Carroll County Board of Education, Westsinister, Maryland 21157 ($10.00; Set of guides.I-IV $50:00) EDRS PRICE MF-$0..76 HC-Not Available from EDRS..PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS *American Studies; Class Activities; *Colonial History (United States); Cultural Activities; Elementary Education; I structionalMaterials; *Learning Activities; Muc Activities; Resource Materials; Revolutionary Wa (United States); Science Activities; *Social Studies; Icher Developed Materials; *United States History IDENTIFIERS *Bicentennial ABSTRACT This student activities source book ii'one of a series of four developed by the Carroll County Public School System, Maryland, for celebration of the Bicentennial. It-is-specifically designed to generate ideas integrating the Bicentennial celebration into various disciplines, classroom activitiese.and school -vide 4vents at the kindergarten through second grade levels. The guide contains 81 activities related to art, music, physical-education, language arts, science, and social studies. Each activity includes objectives, background information, materials and resources, recommended instructional proce ures,and possible variations and modifications. The activities are organized around the Bicentennial themes of Heritage, Horizons, and Festival. Heritage. activities focus on events, values, traditionp, and historical objects of the past. Horizon activities stress challenging the problems of the present and future. Festival activities include such activities as community craft shows, workshops, folk music, and dance performances. (Author /ICE) C BICENTENNIAL SOURCE BOOK LEVEL I . -
Alexander Hamilton: the Inaugural American Dream by Jack Stuart
Alexander Hamilton: The Inaugural American Dream By Jack Stuart Wauwatosa East High School One’s psychological state is often compounded in the breeding ground of one’s childhood, and Alexander Hamilton’s inveterate habits were no different. His birthplace in the West Indies “vastly outweigh[ed] the northern colonies,” economically, but Hamilton experienced little of this wealth.1 Both of his parents were struck with downward social and economic mobility, depriving him of a first-class life, and instilling in him the necessity of personal achievement. The departure of his father and death of his mother in his pre-pubescent years only served to further his self-reliance. This modest upbringing led Hamilton to dream of little but lasting glory, writing his friend about his utmost desire for war.2 At the age of 17, he wrote a newspaper article describing the devastation of a recent hurricane that was avidly received by his neighbors, who collected funds to send him to college on the mainland hoping he would return as a doctor. This kindness not only provided for his future, but furthered his understanding of the importance of money. This grasp of economics can be seen later in his life as the basis for many of his proposals, from his founding of the Bank of New York and the Bank of the United States to his financial plan as Secretary of the Treasury. Hamilton believed that Great Britain had the best government possible, but the temporary failures of Parliament prompted him to believe that, “to usurp dominion over a people can . -
Newtown Battlefield 2010
Newtown Battlefield TO ALL OUR GUESTS NEWTOWN BATTLEFIELD RESERVATION Trails: Park Trails are for pedestrian use only. STATE PARK Reservation Bicycles and horses are not allowed on the trails. STATE PARK 2346 Co. Rt. 60 Rd. Pets: Family pets must be leashed and attended at all Elmira, New York 14901 times. Proof of rabies vaccination must be by Park Office (summer): 607-732-6067 veterinarians certificate - the collar tag will not be Park Office (winter): 607-732-6287 accepted as proof. Regional Office and Park Police: 607-387-7041 [email protected] Respecting Wildlife: Please do not feed or harass any Victoria Srnka, Park Supervisor wildlife while visiting the park. If you see any wildlife that appears ill, leave it alone and contact park IN AN EMERGENCY personnel immediately. If you come in physical Park Police……………………..1-800-255-3577 contact with an animal, report it to a park employee Police, Ambulance, Fire……………….…….911 right away. DAY USE: Permitted activities are posted at the park office. Picnic Areas: Tables and grills Pavilions: Can be reserved 11 months in advance. Special Passes • Six small pavilions. Access Passes: Available to NY residents with • Fireplace Pavilion qualifying disabilities. • Rustic Lodge with kitchen Golden Park Program: For NY residents age 62+ with NY driver’s license or ID card allows unlimited Historic Monument weekday and non-holiday access. Observation Deck with interpretive signs Empire Pass: Unlimited vehicle access to most NY Replica of Native American Village state parks and recreation areas. It can be purchased Play Fields/Ballfield at park offices, shop.parks.ny.gov or by calling Playground 518-474-0458. -
J. T. Ihamcy, the Mummd 4* of W E-Ofts (Now York 18), 18S the CONWAY CABAL
. f /', / . ., e .5 - g vUAKY3 LADY DETAINIXQ tux ENGLIJS1 BEEXRAL J. T. Ihamcy, The Mummd 4* of W e-ofts (Now York 18), 18S THE CONWAY CABAL:. MYTH OR REALITY BY GLORIA E. BRENNEMAN' D URING the latter half of 1777 and the beginning of 1778 DWashington and his friends felt that certain men were plotting to remove Washington as commander-in-chief and to replace him with someone such as Horatio Gates. The Wash- ington men found proof of a cabal's existence in the actions and in the written and oral statements of men whom they believed were Washington's enemies. The cabal was named after its most verbal progenitor, Thomas Conway. Conway and the others involved later denied that they took part in any cabal. How- ever, most historians of the following century included the story in their volumes on the revolutionary period. In recent years some historians have pointed out that the evidence is not conclusive. Therefore, they deny the existence of any plot. As a result, a controversy has grown as to whether the Conway Cabal actually occurred. To understand why men turned against Washington, a look at the state of the nation from the fall of 1777 to the spring of 1778 is necessary. A feeling of apprehension spread through- out the nation in the fall, for Washington's army was unable to keep the British in check, the Continental Congress was fleeing from its meeting place, and Gates and his army were untested. Washington faced the British at Brandywine and Germantown and lost. -
Tennessee Counties Named for Patriots & Founding Fathers
Tennessee Counties named for Patriots & Founding Fathers Photo County amed for Anderson County Joseph Anderson (1757-1837), U.S. Senator from TN, and first Comptroller of the U.S. Treasury. During the Revolutionary War, he was an officer in the New Jersey Line of the Continental Army. Bedford County Revolutionary War Officer Thomas Bedford Bledsoe County Anthony Bledsoe (ca 1795-1793), Revolutionary War Soldier, Surveyer, and early settler of Sumner County. Blount County William Blount (1749-1800) was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention of North Carolina, the first and only Governor of the Southwest Territory, and was appointed as the Regimental Paymaster of the 3rd NC. Regiment during the Revolutionary War. Davidson County William Lee Davidson (1746-1781) a Brigadier General who died in the Revolutionary War Battle of Cowan’s Ford. DeKalb County Johann de Kalb (1721-1780) A German-born baron who assisted the Continentals during the Revolutionary War Fayette County Marquis de La Fayette (1757-1834) a French aristocrat and military officer who was a General in the Revolutionary War Franklin County Founding Father Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) Greene County Nathaniel Greene (1742-1786) Major General in the Continental Army During the Revolutionary War. Hamilton County Founding Father Alexander Hamilton (ca.1755- 1804) Hancock County John Hancock (1737-1794) President of the Continental Congress Hawkins County Benjamin Hawkins (1754-1816) was commissioned as a Colonel in the Continental Army where he served under George Washington for several years as his main French interpreter. Henry County Revolutionary-era Patriot Patrick Henry (1736- 1799) Jackson County Revolutionary War Veteran and President Andrew Jackson (1767-1845). -
Orders of George Washington to General John Sullivan, at Head-Quarters May 31, 1779
Orders of George Washington to General John Sullivan, at Head-Quarters May 31, 1779 The Expedition you are appointed to command is to be directed against the hostile tribes of the Six Nations of Indians, with their associates and adherents. The immediate objects are the total destruction and devastation of their settlements, and the capture of as many prisoners of every age and sex as possible. It will be essential to ruin their crops now in the ground and prevent their planting more. I would recommend, that some post in the center of the Indian Country, should be occupied with all expedition, with a sufficient quantity of provisions whence parties should be detached to lay waste all the settlements around, with instructions to do it in the most effectual manner, that the country may not be merely overrun, but destroyed. But you will not by any means listen to any overture of peace before the total ruinment of their settlements is effected. Our future security will be in their inability to injure us and in the terror with which the severity of the chastisement they receive will inspire them.[4] The 1779 Sullivan Campaign A Little-Known Offensive Strategic To The War Breaks The Indian Nations' Power by Stanley J. Adamiak The 1779 Sullivan Campaign emerged as one of the larger of the Continental Army's offensives during the American Revolution, yet remains relatively unknown.1 It was an act of reprisal to break the Iroquois Confederation, a Native American political and military alliance that included the Seneca, Cayuga, Mohawk, Onondaga, 0neida, and Tuscarora tribes. -
The Wyoming Massacre in the American Imagination
Virginia Commonwealth University VCU Scholars Compass Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2021 "Savage and Bloody Footsteps Through the Valley" : The Wyoming Massacre in the American Imagination William R. Tharp Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd Part of the Cultural History Commons, and the United States History Commons © The Author Downloaded from https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/6707 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at VCU Scholars Compass. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of VCU Scholars Compass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “Savage and Bloody Footsteps Through the Valley” The Wyoming Massacre in the American Imagination A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts at Virginia Commonwealth University By. William R. Tharp Dr. Carolyn Eastman, Advisor Associate Professor, Department of History Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia 14 May 2021 Tharp 1 © William R. Tharp 2021 All Rights Reserved Tharp 2 Abstract Along the banks of the Susquehanna River in early July 1778, a force of about 600 Loyalist and Native American raiders won a lopsided victory against 400 overwhelmed Patriot militiamen and regulars in the Wyoming Valley of Pennsylvania. While not well-known today, this battle—the Battle of Wyoming—had profound effects on the Revolutionary War and American culture and politics. Quite familiar to early Americans, this battle’s remembrance influenced the formation of national identity and informed Americans’ perceptions of their past and present over the course of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. -
Foundation Document, George Rogers
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE • U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Foundation Document George Rogers Clark National Historical Park Indiana July 2014 Foundation Document George Rogers Clark National Historical Park and Related Heritage Sites in Vincennes, Indiana S O I Lincoln Memorial Bridge N R I L L I E I V Chestnut Street R H A S Site of A B VINCENNES Buffalo Trace W UNIVERSITY Short Street Ford et GEORGE ROGERS CLARK e r t S Grouseland NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK t A 4 Home of William Henry Harrison N ot A levard c I Bou S Parke Stree t Francis Vigo Statue N D rtson I Culbe Elihu Stout Print Shop Indiana Territory Capitol 5 Vincennes State Memorial t e Historic Sites ue n Building North 1st Street re t e e v S et u n A Parking 3 Old French House tre s eh ve s S li A Cemetery m n po o e 2 Old State Bank cu Visitor Center s g e ri T e ana l State Historic Site i ar H Col Ind 7 t To t South 2nd Street e e Fort Knox II State Historic Site ee r Father Pierre Gibault Statue r treet t t North 3rd S 1 S and 8 Ouabache (Wabash) Trails Park Old Cathedral Complex Ma (turn left on Niblack, then right on Oliphant, t r Se Pe then left on Fort Knox Road) i B low S n B Bus un m il rr r Ha o N Du Barnett Street Church Street i Vigo S y t na W adway S s i in c tre er North St 4t boi h Street h r y o o S Street r n l e et s eet a t Stree Stre t e re s Stree r To 41 south Stre et reet To 6 t t reet t S et et Sugar Loaf Prehistoric t by St t t et o North 5th Stre Indian Mound Sc Shel (turn left on Washington Avenue, then right on Wabash Avenue) North 0 0.1 0.2 Kilometer -
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LIBRARY EVACUATION DAY. 1783, Sergeant Van ArscLale Tearing Down the British Flag. WITH RECOLLECTIONS OF CAPT. JOHN VAN ARSDALE. OF THE VETERAN CORPS OF ARTILLERY, BY JAMES RIKER. "EVACUATION DAY." 1783, ITS MANY STIRRING EVENTS; WITH RECOLLECTIONS OF CAPT. JOHN VAN AESDALE. OF THE VETERAN CORPS OF ARTILLERY, BY WHOSE EFFORTS ON THAT DAY THE ENEMY WEI|E CIRCUMYEI(TED, AND THE AMERICAN FLAG SUCCESSFULLY RAISED ON THE BATTERY, WITH ILLUSTRATIVE NOTES. BY JAMES RIKER, Author of the Annals of Newtown, and History of Harlem; Life Member of the New York Historical Society, Etc. PRINTED POR THE AUTHOR. NEW YORK 1883. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1883, by JAMES EIKEB, In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at "Washington, D. C. CRICHTON & CO., PRINTERS, 221-225 Fulton St., N. Y. EVACUATION DAY. CHAPTER L r^UR MEMORABLE REVOLUTION, so proMc of grand and glorious themes, presents none more thrilling than is afforded by the closing scene in that stupendous struggle which gave birth to our free and noble Republic. New York City will have the honor of celebrating, on the 25th of November, the hundredth anniversary of this event, the most signal in its history ; and which will add the last golden link to the chain of Revolutionary Centennials, A century ago, on "Evacuation Day," so called in our local calendar, the wrecks of those proud armies,—sent hither by the mother country to enforce her darling scheme of "taxation without representation,"—withdrew from our war-scarred city, with the honors of defeat .thick upon them, but leaving our patriotic fathers happy in the enjoyment of tlieir independence, so gloriously won in a seven years' conflict.