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Edward Wall, a Loyalist in Conflict by Peter C

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Edward Wall, a Loyalist in Conflict by Peter C Edward Wall, a loyalist in Conflict by Peter C. Betz 178 Noonan Road, Fort Johnson, N.Y. 12070 . Tne author WQufd like to acknowledge. tlze res~~tth fLSSistan~e Of . Mt. Gavin K. Watt, PresUient of the Museum of Applied Milit4ry Mr. Peter C. Betz, a History alU/Lt. Col. William Smy, no,ted Butler's :Rtmgers authority, · native of ...bf>tlz of whom provided information not locally available, as well as Amsterdam . e_<!itorial and very patient cmnputer assistance provided by.Mr. Micha.el NY, grew Johnson. · . .. .. · .. .. up in the Mohawk Th~ - author aL<.Jo wishes to ack~owledge the influence of the late Col Valley, · Charles B, Briggs, past Superintendent ofJohnson Hall State Historic received his Site) who iii the J960's and early 70's was the first area historimi to · BA in acknowledge; research and lecture on the livf!"s, hard~hips and English and History sacrifices of the Loyalist.<;. from the University tic assertions dating back no further than tcr-as-tyrant, a characterization, no doubt of Vermont the writings of factually-liberal nine­ sometimes correct in Simms' own era. in 1965 and his Masters teenth century Ameri c<in historians such But on what primary documentation ol Library as Jcptha R. Simms, w ho in his 1882 Simms claims any authority for applying and Information Science at SUNY, Albany in opus, Frontiersmen of New York de­ this later stereotype to Edw<1rd Wall he 1966. Always interested in New York State scribes Wall as the first man to "use the does not say, si mply because there i s history, he wrote a weekly local history birch", and tells us that, "Wall was a se­ none. In fairness to Simms, he may have column in the Johnstown Patriot vere disciplinarian, but the Baronet's taken as his colonial e"amplc Master newspaper and gives occasional talks to area groups and historical societies. He is an children were an exception to his clem­ John Cottgrave, Wall's immediate succes­ Associate Professor at Fulton-Montgomery ency." 1 This silly statement, if you reflect sor to the Johnstown schoolmastership Community College, Johnstown. on its convoluted grarrunatical construc­ and an interesting character in his own tion. makes no sense to begin with. right, who wrote in November, 1771 that, Simms' description of Wall as a severe "l give close attendance to my School - l Introduction disciplina1ian is a stereotype extracted have already purged many of my Chil­ you visit the City of Johnstown, from che once-popular 19th century dren that they behave much to my satis­ New York and h<1ppen to inquire what American view of the country-school mas- faction." ~ Eolo nial era buildings besides Johnson Hall still remain, sooner or later som eone will point out a tidy, shake-roofed yellow cottage located at the corner of North William and West Green Streets . You will b~ informed that this building, long known as the Drumm House, was occupied before che Revolutionary War by Sir William Johnson' s first Johnstown teacher, Master Edward Wall. But if you ask for more ~p ec ific infor­ mation, such a::. where Mr. vV<ill came from, how long he taught in Johnstown, or what became of him when the Rebel­ lion hroke out. your guide will look at you somewhat perplexed, us if to ~ay such questfons do not really matter: Edward Wall was Sir William's fi rst schoolmas­ ter: he \';·as allowed to lodge in this quaint hut comfort<ible li ttle cottage w hile he taught here, and that i s that. Your local informant, if in a gregarious mood, may e mbellish the 'facts' fuit her by relating The colonial cottage know in Johnsotown as the 'Dwmm House· (after a later owner) is that "Master \Vall" was a stern old man reputed to be one of several houses constructed by Sir William Johnson to house needed and a crop-wiel ding disciplinarian. Most artisans and important civil assistants. Believed to have been moved to its present location "r this historical 'info rmation' is non- next to the Colonial Cemetery during the 19th century, it would have been considered a e: it is an mnalgamation of unrealis- large arid commodious structure on the colonial frontier ... , '· .. : ,: The Loyalist Gazette • Page .25 • Fall 1998 years of revolution when higher education, or even his age. He the complacent, \Vell­ must be presumed to have been reason­ crafted little world of Tryon ably young, if his ability to survive the ar­ County was, as well as the duous activities of his post-Johnstown world beyond them, turned years are taken into account, and he prob­ upside down. ably was a Protestant. in as much as he Edward Wall was a was married in a Protestant church at Whig-turned-Loyalist, if Caughnawaga. He may also have been indeed he ever was a true English or Scottish. Certainly Sir Whig, just one man among William. particularly in his last years, en­ many who, in those early couraged nearly as many men who were Local belief that Edward Wall was given the entire Drumm months of the conflict, not Irish or Protestant as those who were. House was so strong that earlier local historians convinced were tom between the lost But the name is essentially Irish and can the State of New York to inscribe the marker accordingly. altruism, the political hy­ be found dispersed in various parts of Ire­ At best, Wall and other single male associates of Sir William might have been assigned to the building. pocrisy and unrealistic ide­ land today. That Wall possessed to a high alism that swirled in a degree a naive form of honesty of a type It should be noted that the average, great, confusing mix all around them, which seemed to overflow with unrealis­ educated Johnstown citizen is very aware and which forced every man, sooner or tic idealism and good intentions (a dubi­ of the city's colonial past, but being able later, to ans\ver the not-so-simple ques­ ous combination of assets for anyone to relate to visitors that Edward Wall was tion, "Which side mn I on?" Yet there desiring to prosper on the colonial fron­ the first Schoolmaster of Johnstown and are some curious, present! y-unanswerable tier), is evident from his known actions, that he supposedly lived in the Drumm little mysteries surrounding Wall that from the contents of his few extant letters House has simply been all anyone desired may make him a more interesting chal­ to Sir William and from what others to know about \Vall until now. Local his­ lenge to histotical researchers than some wrote to Sir William about him. That Sir torians have always focused their re­ of his contemporaries. William took an interest in Wall and pur­ search efforts on more important people posely helped advance his career (as he and more significant issues occurring in Part One: Arrival and Progress did the careers of many other men, and and around Tryon County during those most always to his mvn advantage) is very last, tumultuous months which extended The first mystery that surrounds evident. Wall would certainly never have from the death of Sir William in .July of Edward Wall is the question of how, as a been accepted into St. Patrick's Lodge 1774 until the sudden exit of Sir John relatively late entrant on the pre\var without the Baronet's approval, nor from Johnson Hall in May of 1776. For it Johnstown scene, did he succeed so wel I would he very likely have become con­ was within this narrow time slot of in penetrating the Johnson Dynasty inner nected with Jelles Fonda in mercantile slightly le:ss than two years that the once circle, gradually assuming a much more activities \Vithout a Johnson recommen­ great agrarian, political and multi-cul­ involved role in the local social, political dation. tural Camelot of Tryon County, Sir and mercantile activities than one would At the same time, the reasons behind WiUiam Johnson's life work, agonizingly ever expect of a village schoolmaster. Wall's early, active and energetic par1ici­ crumbled and slowly rendered itself asun­ Whatever combination of education and pation as a Whig member of the Tryon der. personality he possessed, V.'all must also County Committee of Safety, and his un­ Yet there has always existed from have inspired confidence. Othenvise, he explained, sudden return to Loyalism and those very years, sequestered within vari­ would never have been so rapidly ac­ the permanent spurning of the Whig cms documents such as the Papers of Sir cepted within that comfortable network of cause are also matters of mystery. Even William Johnson, the Minutes of the select and privileged 'Johnson men' who, the details of how he served bis King in Commissioners for Detecting and Defeat­ each in his own way, earned a place of re­ wartime are scattered and obscure. That ing Conspiracies, the Minutes of the sponsibilily and standing vvirhin that he an-ived in the Mohawk VaUey some­ Tryon County Committee of Safety, and smooth-running political machine which time during 1768 or '69, became \\1ell­ other published and unpublished primary will be hereafter referred to as the 'John­ cnough trusted to be included in several sources, many bits and pieces of bio­ son Dynasty'. Exactly how Wall made of Johnson's larger land-grants, admitted graphical information about the so-called the status transition from outside hireling into the exclusive company of St. 'little people', the cogs in .Johnson's great to Johnson confidant during the last sev­ Pattick's Masonic Lodge, studied to be­ Tryon County wbeeL so to speak, those eral swift-flying years of Sir William come a trader under Sir William's close many loyal, intelligent and ambitious re­ Johnson's life continues to defy explana­ associate Jclles Fonda's watchful eye, and tainers and subordinates such as Edward tion.
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