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Old St. Peter's Protestant Episcopal Church, Philadelphia: an Architectural History and Inventory (1758-1991)

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Old St. Peter's Protestant Episcopal Church, Philadelphia: an Architectural History and Inventory (1758-1991) University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Theses (Historic Preservation) Graduate Program in Historic Preservation 1992 Old St. Peter's Protestant Episcopal Church, Philadelphia: An Architectural History and Inventory (1758-1991) Frederick Lee Richards University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses Part of the Historic Preservation and Conservation Commons Richards, Frederick Lee, "Old St. Peter's Protestant Episcopal Church, Philadelphia: An Architectural History and Inventory (1758-1991)" (1992). Theses (Historic Preservation). 349. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/349 Copyright note: Penn School of Design permits distribution and display of this student work by University of Pennsylvania Libraries. Suggested Citation: Richards, Frederick Lee (1992). Old St. Peter's Protestant Episcopal Church, Philadelphia: An Architectural History and Inventory (1758-1991). (Masters Thesis). University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/349 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Old St. Peter's Protestant Episcopal Church, Philadelphia: An Architectural History and Inventory (1758-1991) Disciplines Historic Preservation and Conservation Comments Copyright note: Penn School of Design permits distribution and display of this student work by University of Pennsylvania Libraries. Suggested Citation: Richards, Frederick Lee (1992). Old St. Peter's Protestant Episcopal Church, Philadelphia: An Architectural History and Inventory (1758-1991). (Masters Thesis). University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. This thesis or dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/349 mm&:-^vt^'t5 uNivERsmy PENNSYLVANIA. UBKARIES OLD ST. PETER'S PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH, PHILADELPHIA; AN ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY AND INVENTORY (1758-1991) Frederick Lee Richards Jr. A THESIS In The Graduate Program in Historic Preservation Presented to the faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE 1992 y^-^-u^ /lun<- George E^. Thomas, Lecturer, Historic Preservation, Advisor /^cc^ ^^7)^yd(\^— Ruth M. O'Brien, Lecturer, Historic Preservation, Reader David G. iW^Lbng , Professor of Architecture, Graduate Group Chairman FIN£ARTS /y^/o^^/flL/ ^ m' To my father, the Rev. F. Lee Richards Rector of St. Peter's Church (1970-1985) 11 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v LIST OF FIGURES vi LIST OF PLATES vii INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER I. THE ANGLICAN ORIGINS OF ST. PETER'S PLAN English Reformation 5 Laudian Altar 9 The 1750s Plan of St. Peter's 10 CHAPTER II. HISTORICAL INFLUENCES OF ST. PETER'S FORM AND STYLE Introduction 12 Inigo Jones and St. Paul's, Covent Garden 14 Christopher Wren and the "Auditory" Churches 18 James Gibbs and St. Martin's in the Field 21 Neo-Pal 1 adianism and Architectural Handbooks 24 Philadelphia Architecture at Mid-Century 25 CHAPTER III. ROLES AND SIGNIFICANCE OF ITS BUILDERS AND RENOVATORS Robert Smith: 1758-1764 Construction 29 William Strickland: 1842 Bell Tower and Spire 36 Thomas U. Walter: 1848 Gallery Staircases 42 Furness & Hewitt: 1876 Centennial Renovations 47 George B. Roberts: 1960 Interior Alterations 51 CHAPTER IV. SELECTED TIMELINE OF THE PARISH HISTORY 57 CHAPTER V. DOCUMENTATION OF THE CHURCH PROPERTY (1758-1991) Church Interior Carpeting 73 Ceiling 76 Chancel 7 8 Flooring 82 Galleries and Stairs 84 Heating 87 Lighting 94 Organ 99 Organ Pipe Case and Sculpture 108 Painting and Detailing 113 Pews 120 Pulpit and Reading Desk 126 Walls 129 Windows 131 Church Exterior Doors 140 Roof 144 Walls 149 Woodwork and Painting 152 Bell Tower and Steeple Bell Tower 155 Bells 162 Cross 167 Steeple 170 Vestry Room 174 Church Yard Bier Shed 178 Gates 17 9 Graves and Vaults 181 Graveyard 185 Trees and Plants 189 Walks 193 Wallsand Fences 196 APPENDICES Timeline Abbreviations 203 1758 Building Contract 205 1842 Franklin Fire Insurance Survey 208 Chronology of St. Peter's Rectors 211 Figures 213 Plates 2 22 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 231 ACRMOH LE£>GEMENT S I would like to thank the following people for providing their assistance and support through the long process of researching and writing this study: my parents, Harriett and Lee Richards; Wendell "Tad" W. Meyer, rector of St. Peter's; Judy Keene, St. Peter's parish secretary; George E. Thomas, my teacher and advisor at the University of Pennsylvania; Ruth O'Brien, my thesis reader; and Jennifer Goodman, my dear friend and constant support. LIST OF FIGURES 1. Site Plan for St. Peter's Church, Third and Pine Streets, Philadelphia, (From c. 1966 plan drawn by the late architect George B. Roberts, former Accounting Warden. Collection of St. Peter's Church). [p. 213] Conveyance Plan for the Holdings of St. Peter's Church, as of December 1949, by the late Clifford Lewis Jr., former Accounting Warden. (Collection of St. Peter's Church). [p. 214] 1758-1789 Floor Plan of St. Peter's Church, (Collection of St. Peter's Church). [p. 215] 4. 1792-C.1823 First Floor Plan of St. Peter's Church (Collection of St, Peter's Church). [p. 216] 1932 Floor Plan of St. Peter's Church, Measured and Drawn by H. Metzger, Philadelphia Chapter AIA Team Surveyor, (Collection of St. Peter's Church). [p. 217] 1932 Section Elevations of St. Peter's Church, Measured and Drawn by J.H. Jackson, Philadelphia Chapter AIA Team Surveyor, (Collection of St. Peter's Church). [p. 218] 7. 1932 South Elevation of St. Peter's Church, Measured and Drawn by B. Glickler, Philadelphia Chapter AIA Team Surveyor, (Collection of St. Peter's Church). [p. 219] 8. 1944 Sketch Plan of Pew Alterations by the late architect George B. Roberts, former Accounting Warden, (Collection of St. Peter's Church). [p. 220] 9. 1960 Plan of Proposed Additions and Alterations (unexecuted) by the late architect George B. Roberts, former Accounting Warden, (George B. Roberts Collection - HSP). [p. 221] LIST OP PLATES 1. 1829 Lithograph of St. Peter's Church (Northeast View) by William L. Breton (1775-1856), Printed by Kennedy & Lucas, (Collection of St. Peter's Church). [p. 222] 2. 1842 Colored Drawing of St. Peter's Church (West View) by R.S. Smith, Engraver, Colored by J.H. Richard, Lithographer, (Collection of St. Peter's). [p. 223] 3. c. 1868 Photograph of St. Peter's Church (West View) by John Moran, (Print and Photo Collection - Phila. Free Library). [p, 224] 4. c. 1868 Photograph of St. Peter's Church (Northeast View), possibly by John Moran, (Print and Photo Collection - Phila. Free Library). [p. 225] 5. c, 1858-60 Photograph of St. Peter's Chancel (East End) by McAllister & Bro., 728 Chestnut St., (Print and Photo Collection - Phila. Free Library). [p. 226] 6. c. 1858-60 Photograph of St. Peter's Pulpit and Reading Desk (West End) by McAllister & Bro., (Print and Photo Collection - Phila. Free Library). [p. 227] 7. c. 1887 Photograph of St. Peter's Pulpit and Reading Desk (West End), Photographer Unknown, (From William R. Ware, editor. The Georgian Period . Boston: American Architect and Building News Co., 1899., Graduate School of Fine Arts Library, University of Pennsylvania). [p. 228] 8 December 1908 Photograph of St. Peter's Interior (East View), (Print and Photo Collection - Phila. Free Library). [p. 229] 9. c. 1911 Photograph of St. Peter's Interior (West View), (Print and Photo Collection - Phila. Free Library). [p. 230] INTRODUCTION This study of St. Peter's Church is neither an Historic Structure Report (HSR) nor a definitive architectural history of the church. Rather, it is an interpreted chronicle of the material changes made to the building and its site based upon surviving parish records from 1758 until 1991. Taken together, the timelines should serve church stewards (as well as historians and preservation professionals) as an exhaustive compilation of official records as they document the physical changes made to the building fabric. Every architectural feature that could be considered a permanent element of the church and its site was documented. Only furniture and the memorial plaques attached to the inner walls of the church were omitted. To the degree, however, that an HSR would demand a thorough investigation of archival records, this work is complete -- every page of every known written document that survives from St. Peter's history, either as an independent parish or as co-equal to Christ Church (from 1761 to 1832) has been read and analyzed. The primary sources for the timelines were the accounting ledgers and meeting minutes meticulously kept by the Vestry, the accounting warden and the parish treasurer. In this instance, the monthly In the Protestant Episcopal Church, the Vestry acts as the board of directors for the parish corporation. Normally selected from leading members of a church, the Vestry, along with the rector 2 meeting records of St. Peter's Vestry provided the single most important source of information. After that, came the cash book entries kept by the parish treasurer and the ledger book kept by the Vestry's accounting warden. The first three chapters preceding the timelines discuss the various historical movements and personalities that influenced the mid-18th century plan and style of the church, and provide an overview of the architectural changes to the building. With Chapter V, a series of chronologies trace the record of additions, renovations and maintenance to the church and parish properties. Of primary focus are the features of the building itself, followed by the surrounding church yard. The introductory summary for each timeline should be regarded as a personal interpretation of the information, which has been correlated with other sources such as several site visits made by the author in the spring of 1992. In each case, the summary should be regarded only as a point of departure for further site inspection and analysis. Most of the entries are followed in parenthesis by their documentary source. Note that prior to 1832, many entries will contain the abbreviation CC (for Christ Church), such as "CC Vestry minutes." From 1761, when St.
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