DOCSLIB.ORG

The Causes of the Civil War

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Causes of the Civil War THE CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR: A NEWSPAPER ANALYSIS by DIANNE M. BRAGG WM. DAVID SLOAN, COMMITTEE CHAIR GEORGE RABLE MEG LAMME KARLA K. GOWER CHRIS ROBERTS A DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Communication and Information Sciences in the Graduate School of The University of Alabama TUSCALOOSA, ALABAMA 2013 Copyright Dianne Marie Bragg 2013 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ABSTRACT This dissertation examines antebellum newspaper content in an attempt to add to the historical understanding of the causes of the Civil War. Numerous historians have studied the Civil War and its causes, but this study will use only newspapers to examine what they can show about the causes that eventually led the country to war. Newspapers have long chronicled events in American history, and they offer valuable information about the issues and concerns of their communities. This study begins with an overview of the newspaper coverage of the tariff and territorial issues that began to divide the country in the early decades of the 1800s. The study then moves from the Wilmot Proviso in 1846 to Lincoln’s election in 1860, a period in which sectionalism and disunion increasingly appeared on newspaper pages and the lines of disagreement between the North and the South hardened. The primary sources used in this study were a diverse sampling of articles from newspapers around the country and includes representation from both southern and northern newspapers. Studying these antebellum newspapers offers insight into the political, social, and economic concerns of the day, which can give an indication of how the sectional differences in these areas became so divisive. This study shows what issues became such insurmountable problems for the nation that Americans finally reached a point where it seemed the only solution was going to war. ii DEDICATION For Jessie Fowler You are an inspiration. Thank you for your graciousness, hospitality, love, and pie. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am deeply indebted to the members of my dissertation committee: Wm. David Sloan, George Rable, Margot Lamme, Karla Gower, and Chris Roberts. They have supported and encouraged me every step of the way. I remain in awe of their vast knowledge and expertise, and I can only hope to live up to the example they have set for me. I also hope Dr. Sloan has been able to recover from my affinity for commas. I owe special thanks to the University of Alabama Department of Journalism. The faculty and staff of that department, especially Jennifer Greer, have been beside me every step of the way and for their optimism, encouragement, and patience, I will always be grateful. To so many people in the College of Communication and Information Sciences, I want to express my gratitude. To Dean Loy Singleton, who always had an open door, thank you for your patience, understanding, and support. To Diane Shaddix, who always had answers for my questions and ensured that everything went smoothly in the process of completing this project. A special thanks goes to Jennings Bryant who welcomed me to Alabama, made me feel at home, and set an example for so many students who have walked these halls. And, to so many other people here who make this place a wonderful, caring place to work, thank you. I am also grateful for the University of Alabama Graduate School’s support, in particular Dean David Francko and Associate Dean John Schmitt. I will never forget how your encouragement, professionalism, and guidance were there for me when I needed it most. iv A special thanks goes to my own personal cheerleading squad: Ann Bourne, Crechale Stevens, Alexa Chilcutt, and Cecilia Hammond. You always had faith, love, and hope, and I can never repay you for all you have done for me, especially during some dark days. To so many other friends who loved and supported me through this, thank you. I also want to thank my friends and former colleagues at the University of Memphis, who first set me on this path, especially Dan Lattimore and Elinor Grusin, who gave me a chance and helped me believe in myself. And, to Bill Brody who first told me I should pursue my doctorate. It was also at Memphis that I met Dana Rosengard, who made me laugh and saw me through on the third floor of Meeman. You all hold such a special place in my heart. I owe the University of Memphis so much for opening doors for me that I never would have dreamed possible. For my family and friends in so many places, thank you for sharing your lives with me. Each of you has brought something special to my life, and you have been a constant source of inspiration and support. For my neighbors in Glendale Gardens, thank you for welcoming me into your lives and your homes and for showing me what it really means to be part of a community. Your courage and unfailing optimism in the face of disaster will forever remain a guidepost for me. I especially want to thank Elizabeth Brannon and Beverly Smith for the coffee, conversation, prayers, and love. So many mornings you made it possible for me to face the new day, and your constant encouragement will always be an example for me. I also want to thank my three sons, Joshua, Caleb, and Jake. Each of you has brought something special to my life, and I cannot imagine what I would have done without you. I love you and am so proud of each one of you. And, for my husband, Rick, who came into my life and made me believe anything was possible. There are not enough words to say how much I love you and how grateful I am to have ever found you. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................... ii DEDICATION ............................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................. iv CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................1 II TARIFFS AND TERRITORIES: 1816 to 1846 ....................................................29 III TERRRITORIAL EXPANSION AND THE SLAVERY QUESTION ................58 IV 1850: COMPROMISE OR CALAMITY ..............................................................99 V THE FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT: THE GREAT DIVIDE .........................................................................................143 VI THE ABOLITIONIST AGITATION: JOHN BROWN AND UNCLE TOM’S CABIN.................................................174 VII DISUNION: THE ROAD TO LINCOLN’S ELECTION, 1856 TO 1860 ...............................214 VIII CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................259 REFERENCES ...........................................................................................................................272 vi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION “Why Do We Go to War?” the headline in North Carolina’s Fayetteville Observer asked its readers in May 1861, just a few weeks after the bombardment of Fort Sumter. Questions about disunion and the threat of war had dominated America’s public discourse for quite some time, but South Carolina’s secession in December 1860, followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas, had led to an even greater sense of urgency about the country’s future and the very real possibility of war.1 The question now was how had the United States become a country so divided that dissolution was at hand? Almost from the moment General Robert E. Lee surrendered his troops at Appomattox, historians have studied the question of what brought about the American Civil War. Although 1 Charles B. Dew, Apostles of Disunion: Southern Commissioners and the Causes of the Civil War (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 2001); John W. Burgess, “Secession,” in The Civil War and the Constitution, 1859-1865 (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1901), 74-137. For more on South Carolina and its antebellum history, see: Drew Gilpin Faust, James Henry Hammond and the Old South: A Design for Mastery (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 1985); Stephanie McCurry, Masters of Small Worlds: Yeoman Households, Gender Relations, and the Political Culture of the Antebellum South Carolina Low Country (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995); Bruce Collins, The Origins of America’s Civil War (New York: Homes & Meier Publishers, Inc., 1981), 46-47, 100, 122-123, 143-145; William W. Freehling, The Road to Disunion, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990); “A Declaration of the Causes which Induced the Secession of South Carolina,” in The Rebellion Record: A Diary of American Events, with Documents, Narratives, Illustrative Incidents, Poetry, Etc., ed. Frank Moore (New York: D. Van Nostrand, 1867), 3-4; and Erika Pribanic-Smith, “Sowing the Seeds of Disunion: South Carolina’s Partisan Newspapers and the Nullification Crisis, 1828-1833” (PhD diss., University of Alabama, 2010). In ProQuest Dissertations and Theses at The University of Alabama, http://search.proquest.com/pqdtlocal1006262/docview/757699097/13747BA4C54435FCA10/1? accountid=14472. 1 they have arrived at a variety of answers, questions still remain. Through an examination of antebellum newspaper content, this dissertation will attempt to add to the historical understanding of the causes of the Civil War. In April 1861, Americans understood that the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Arkansas Historical Quarterly Index N
    Arkansas Historical Quarterly Index 1942-2000 picture of, facing 29:200 N and proposed Calif. expedition (1845), 6:9 public sch. incorporated at (1838), 12:103 NAACP. See National Association for the Advancement records of, moved to Tex., 2:160 of Colored People river traffic at, 1:350, 353, 6:25n, 227n NAB. See National Association of Broadcasters and RRs, 7:104, 111, 135 Nabors, Mary Holmes Thompson (Mrs. Richard T. town plan of, noted, 13:393 Nabors), Union Co., 12:251 Mark Twain and, 29:198–202, 207 Nabors, Richard T., Union Co., 12:251 wagon train leaves from (1846), 6:9 Nackatosh Bluff, Clark Co., 48:163 wharf at (1850), 1:350 Nacogdoches, Tex., 19:109, 37:170 Napoleon (now Batesville), Independence Co., 5:283, Nacogdoches (steamboat), 5:332, 20:247 11:15 Nader, Ralph, 54:204 Napoleon (Civil War–era cannon), picture of, facing Nady, 51:75 22:40 Naeve, Milo M., book by, noted, 57:498 Napoleon and Little Rock Railroad Company, 7:111, Nagus, R. F. (CSA), 35:88 135 Nahlen, Rev. Paul, Subiaco, 14:402 Napoleon Planter (1859), 11:212 Nail, Alec, Benton Co., 16:405 Napoleon Sentinel (1855), 11:212 Nail, Jonathan, Benton Co., 15:356 Narkinsky, Sam, Little Rock, 15:335 Nail, Noel O., Sevier Co., 12:66 Narrad, Jeramiah (CSA), 5:409 Naked Truth of the Rebellion, 1861–1865, by Joseph D. Narrative and Critical History of America, 51:305–6 Nelson, revd., 23:370–71 Narrative Bibliography of the African-American Nall, Don, Batesville, 46:98, 48:212 Frontier: Blacks in the Rocky Mountain Nameless Towns, by Thad Sitton and James H.
    [Show full text]
  • "I Can't Breathe": Toward a Pneumatology of Singing and Missional Musicking for Racial Justice in Jacksonville, Florida
    Southern Methodist University SMU Scholar Doctor of Pastoral Music Projects and Theses Perkins Thesis and Dissertations 5-28-2021 "I Can't Breathe": Toward a Pneumatology of Singing and Missional Musicking for Racial Justice in Jacksonville, Florida Thomas Shapard [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.smu.edu/theology_music_etds Part of the Christianity Commons, Civic and Community Engagement Commons, Community-Based Learning Commons, Community-Based Research Commons, Ethnomusicology Commons, Liturgy and Worship Commons, Missions and World Christianity Commons, Music Performance Commons, Other Music Commons, Practical Theology Commons, and the Social Justice Commons Recommended Citation Shapard, Thomas, ""I Can't Breathe": Toward a Pneumatology of Singing and Missional Musicking for Racial Justice in Jacksonville, Florida" (2021). Doctor of Pastoral Music Projects and Theses. 4. https://scholar.smu.edu/theology_music_etds/4 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Perkins Thesis and Dissertations at SMU Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctor of Pastoral Music Projects and Theses by an authorized administrator of SMU Scholar. For more information, please visit http://digitalrepository.smu.edu. "1 CAN'T BREATHE": TOWARD A PNEUMATOLOGY OF SINGING AND MISSiONAL MUsICKING FOR RACIAL JUSTICE IN JACKSONVILLE. FLORIDA Thesis Approved with Honors by C.mara Run C. Michael Hawn University Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Church Music Director. Doctor of Pastoral Music Program Marcell Steuernagel Assistant Professor of Church Music Director of Master of Sacred Music Program UlyssesV Owens Jr. Community Advisor Artistic Director Don't Miss A Beat. Inc. “I CAN’T BREATHE”: TOWARD A PNEUMATOLOGY OF SINGING AND MISSIONAL MUSICKING FOR RACIAL JUSTICE IN JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA A Thesis Presented to the Graduate Faculty of Perkins School of Theology Southern Methodist University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Pastoral Music by Thomas M.
    [Show full text]
  • Missouri Compromise (1820) • Compromise Sponsored by Henry Clay
    Congressional Compromises and the Road to War The Great Triumvirate Henry Clay Daniel Webster John C. Calhoun representing the representing representing West the North the South John C. Calhoun •From South Carolina •Called “Cast-Iron Man” for his stubbornness and determination. •Owned slaves •Believed states were sovereign and could nullify or reject federal laws they believed were unconstitutional. Daniel Webster •From Massachusetts •Called “The Great Orator” •Did not own slaves Henry Clay •From Kentucky •Called “The Great Compromiser” •Owned slaves •Calmed sectional conflict through balanced legislation and compromises. Missouri Compromise (1820) • Compromise sponsored by Henry Clay. It allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a Slave State and Maine to enter as a Free State. The southern border of Missouri would determine if a territory could allow slavery or not. • Slavery was allowed in some new states while other states allowed freedom for African Americans. • Balanced political power between slave states and free states. Nullification Crisis (1832-1833) • South Carolina, led by Senator John C. Calhoun declared a high federal tariff to be null and avoid within its borders. • John C. Calhoun and others believed in Nullification, the idea that state governments have the right to reject federal laws they see as Unconstitutional. • The state of South Carolina threatened to secede or break off from the United States if the federal government, under President Andrew Jackson, tried to enforce the tariff in South Carolina. Andrew Jackson on Nullification “The laws of the United States, its Constitution…are the supreme law of the land.” “Look, for a moment, to the consequence.
    [Show full text]
  • Compromise of 1850 Earlier You Read About the Missouri Compromise and the Wilmot Proviso
    Compromise of 1850 Earlier you read about the Missouri Compromise and the Wilmot Proviso. Keep them in mind as you read here What is a compromise? A compromise is a resolution of a problem in which each side gives up demands or makes concession. Earlier you read about the Missouri Compromise. What conflict did it resolve? It kept the number of slave and free states equal by admitting Maine as free and Missouri as slave and it provided for a policy with respect to slavery in the Louisiana Territory. Other than in Missouri, the Compromise prohibited slavery north of 36°30' N latitude in the land acquired in the Louisiana Purchase. Look at the 1850 map. Notice how the "Missouri Compromise Line" ends at the border to Mexican Territory. In 1850 the United States controls the 36°30' N latitude to the Pacific Ocean. Will the United States allow slavery in its new territory? Slavery's Expansion Look again at this map and watch for the 36°30' N latitude Missouri Compromise line as well as the proportion of free and slave states up to the Civil War, which begins in 1861. WSBCTC 1 This map was created by User: Kenmayer and is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license (CC-BY 3.0) [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_Slave_Free_1789-1861.gif]. Here's a chart that compares the Missouri Compromise with the Compromise of 1850. WSBCTC 2 Wilmot Proviso During the Mexican-American War in 1846, David Wilmot, a Democratic congressman from Pennsylvania, proposed in an amendment to a military appropriations bill that slavery be banned in all the territories acquired from Mexico.
    [Show full text]
  • P.S.: You Had Better Remove the Records: Early Federal Archives
    “P.S.: You had better remove the records” Early Federal Archives and the Burning of Washington during the War of 1812 By Jessie Kratz hen British troops began to advance toward And so clerks packed Wthe United States’ new capital of Wash­ such things as the books and ington in the summer of 1814, it was clear that papers of the State Department; government leaders had not prepared an adequate unpublished secret journals of defense for the city and its government buildings. Congress; George Washington’s The British navy already had control of nearby Chesa­ commission and correspondence; peake Bay and some 4,500 troops in the port town of the Articles of Confederation; papers Benedict, Maryland—poised for an attack on the capital. of the Continental Congress; and all the Despite the show of force, the secretary of war, treaties, laws, and correspondence dating John Armstrong, was convinced the British were back to 1789. more interested in the port of Baltimore than in Along with these early records, the clerks Washington, which then had only 8,200 residents. also bagged up the Charters of Freedom—the Secretary of State James Monroe felt differently collective term for the Declaration of Indepen­ and met with President James Madison to discuss dence, the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights. the enemy’s intentions. Then Monroe himself rode And so these three documents began a long jour­ by horse, accompanied by cavalry, into southern ney as the War of 1812 raged. Maryland to scout the situation. The journey would not end until 1952, when Upon seeing the British advancing toward all three were placed together, side by side, in special Washington, Monroe dispatched a note to Presi­ encasements in the Rotunda of the National Archives dent Madison.
    [Show full text]
  • The Other Side of the Monument: Memory, Preservation, and the Battles of Franklin and Nashville
    THE OTHER SIDE OF THE MONUMENT: MEMORY, PRESERVATION, AND THE BATTLES OF FRANKLIN AND NASHVILLE by JOE R. BAILEY B.S., Austin Peay State University, 2006 M.A., Austin Peay State University, 2008 AN ABSTRACT OF A DISSERTATION submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of History College of Arts and Sciences KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2015 Abstract The thriving areas of development around the cities of Franklin and Nashville in Tennessee bear little evidence of the large battles that took place there during November and December, 1864. Pointing to modern development to explain the failed preservation of those battlefields, however, radically oversimplifies how those battlefields became relatively obscure. Instead, the major factor contributing to the lack of preservation of the Franklin and Nashville battlefields was a fractured collective memory of the two events; there was no unified narrative of the battles. For an extended period after the war, there was little effort to remember the Tennessee Campaign. Local citizens and veterans of the battles simply wanted to forget the horrific battles that haunted their memories. Furthermore, the United States government was not interested in saving the battlefields at Franklin and Nashville. Federal authorities, including the War Department and Congress, had grown tired of funding battlefields as national parks and could not be convinced that the two battlefields were worthy of preservation. Moreover, Southerners and Northerners remembered Franklin and Nashville in different ways, and historians mainly stressed Eastern Theater battles, failing to assign much significance to Franklin and Nashville. Throughout the 20th century, infrastructure development encroached on the battlefields and they continued to fade from public memory.
    [Show full text]
  • H. Doc. 108-222
    THIRTIETH CONGRESS MARCH 4, 1847, TO MARCH 3, 1849 FIRST SESSION—December 6, 1847, to August 14, 1848 SECOND SESSION—December 4, 1848, to March 3, 1849 VICE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES—GEORGE M. DALLAS, of Pennsylvania PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE OF THE SENATE—DAVID R. ATCHISON, 1 of Missouri SECRETARY OF THE SENATE—ASBURY DICKINS, 2 of North Carolina SERGEANT AT ARMS OF THE SENATE—ROBERT BEALE, of Virginia SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES—ROBERT C. WINTHROP, 3 of Massachusetts CLERK OF THE HOUSE—BENJAMIN B. FRENCH, of New Hampshire; THOMAS J. CAMPBELL, 4 of Tennessee SERGEANT AT ARMS OF THE HOUSE—NEWTON LANE, of Kentucky; NATHAN SARGENT, 5 of Vermont DOORKEEPER OF THE HOUSE—ROBERT E. HORNER, of New Jersey ALABAMA CONNECTICUT GEORGIA SENATORS SENATORS SENATORS 14 Arthur P. Bagby, 6 Tuscaloosa Jabez W. Huntington, Norwich Walter T. Colquitt, 18 Columbus Roger S. Baldwin, 15 New Haven 19 William R. King, 7 Selma Herschel V. Johnson, Milledgeville John M. Niles, Hartford Dixon H. Lewis, 8 Lowndesboro John Macpherson Berrien, 20 Savannah REPRESENTATIVES Benjamin Fitzgerald, 9 Wetumpka REPRESENTATIVES James Dixon, Hartford Thomas Butler King, Frederica REPRESENTATIVES Samuel D. Hubbard, Middletown John Gayle, Mobile John A. Rockwell, Norwich Alfred Iverson, Columbus Henry W. Hilliard, Montgomery Truman Smith, Litchfield John W. Jones, Griffin Sampson W. Harris, Wetumpka Hugh A. Haralson, Lagrange Samuel W. Inge, Livingston DELAWARE John H. Lumpkin, Rome George S. Houston, Athens SENATORS Howell Cobb, Athens Williamson R. W. Cobb, Bellefonte John M. Clayton, 16 New Castle Alexander H. Stephens, Crawfordville Franklin W. Bowdon, Talladega John Wales, 17 Wilmington Robert Toombs, Washington Presley Spruance, Smyrna ILLINOIS ARKANSAS REPRESENTATIVE AT LARGE John W.
    [Show full text]
  • Slavery and the Underground Railroad at the Eppes Plantations, Petersburg National Battlefield Cover: Appomattox Manor at City Point, Virginia
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Petersburg National Battlefield Petersburg, Virginia Slavery and the Underground Railroad at the Eppes Plantations, Petersburg National Battlefield Cover: Appomattox Manor at City Point, Virginia. Photo courtesy National Park Service. SLAVERY AND THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD At the Eppes Plantations Petersburg National Battlefield Special History Study by Marie Tyler-McGraw Prepared for Organization of American Historians Under cooperative agreement with Northeast Region National Park Service U. S. Department of the Interior Printed December 2005 Contents Acknowledgements 10 Executive Summary Research Methods and Summary of Findings 11 Chapter 1 Frontiers and Boundaries (1640s – 1765) 15 Landscape and settlement on the James River and Appomattox colonial frontier. Origins of slavery and early resistance Chapter 2 Revolutions (1765 – 1816) 20 Revolutions in Agricultural Production, Government, Religious Practice and Belief in Eastern Virginia Escape to the British and service in the Continental Armies during the Revolution Slavery in early Federal Virginia Chapter 3 The Great Divide (1816 – 1844) 26 East Virginia slavery, fugitives and free blacks in the national political divisions over slavery Chapter 4 Calculating the Costs (1848 – 1862) 31 Leaving and staying in the age of sectional hostility Shrinking distances and a nearby Underground Railroad Daily life on the late antebellum Eppes plantations Chapter 5 Contraband: Escape During the Civil War (1861 – 1867) 42 Escape and return in the Civil War era Chapter 6 The Underground Railroad in Petersburg 46 In the region of the Eppes plantations Footnotes 57 Appendices I. Richard Eppes’s Code of Laws for the Island Plantation 66 II. Enslaved Families on the Eppes Plantations 70 III.
    [Show full text]
  • No Open Book!
    Test on Tuesday 12/10 Study, study, study What did Nat Turner do? • Leader of a Slave Rebellion in VA • Caused changes in treatment of slaves in some states What was the result (or significance) of Nat Turner’s rebellion • Placing stricter slave “codes” or laws on slaves To balance the slave and free states and create a rule of entrance for new states of the Louisiana Territory. (1820) • The Missouri Compromise What two states entered in the agreement from #3 (and which way? Free/slave) • Missouri- Slave • Maine- Free (kept the balance to 12 each) What was it called when the Tariffs were opposed by the South and they wrote about how it was unconstitutional? • Nullification Crisis What is the name of the paper that stated that the federal government was unconstitutional in their actions of this “Tariff of abominations”? • Doctrine of Nullification How was South Carolina involved in the Nullification Crisis? • It was the state had issue with the actions of the Government in the Nullification Crisis (Calhoun was from here) What did John C. Calhoun have to do with the Nullification Crisis? • He wrote the Doctrine of Nullification What is Loyalty to the interests of one's own region or section of the country, rather than to the country as a whole? • Sectionalism In what ways were the North and South different in the period of 1800-1860? • North had: No slavery, industry, urbanization, and small farms. • South had; plantation slavery, agricultural base, and poor subsistence farmers. Webster Ashburton was a treaty that settled the dispute of what territory? • The shared Oregon territory between Britain and the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • JAMES RODHES “Instrumental”
    JAMES RODHES “Instrumental” James Rhodes, el enfant terrible de la música clásica. “En mis conciertos hablo de las piezas que interpreto, cuento por qué las he elegido, qué importancia tienen para mí y en qué contexto se compusieron”. Así explica James Rhodes como son sus recitales en el prólogo de su libro Instrumental. Memorias de música, medicina y locura (7ª edición, más de 75.000 ejemplares vendidos), con el que ha obtenido un enorme e inesperado éxito en todo el mundo. Además de tocar y contextualizar las obras que interpreta, el pianista británico también cuenta sobre el escenario, entre piezas de Bach, Chopin, Rachmaninov, Schubert o Beethoven, la historia de su vida y como la música le ha ayudado a superar los numerosos obstáculos que se ha ido encontrando por el camino. James Rhodes es un enamorado de la música clásica. Carismático, visceral y muy talentoso, Rhodes asegura que Bach (y especialmente “Las variaciones Goldberg”) le han salvado la vida. Y no exagera. A sus 40 años se ha convertido en uno de los principales divulgadores de la música clásica en el mundo, gracias a sus giras y conciertos en todo tipo de festivales y salas, y varios documentales sobre su figura filmados con la complicidad de cadenas de televisión británicas. James Rhodes, ofrece un enfoque diferente al abordar la música clásica sobre el escenario, interactuando con el público, compartiendo emociones y opiniones sobre la música y sobre los grandes compositores que interpreta. Reverenciado por la crítica británica por su particular estilo de stand up, Rhodes aporta un toque muy personal a cada una de sus actuaciones.
    [Show full text]
  • A. K. Mcclure and the PEOPLE's PARTY in the CAMPAIGN of 1860
    A. K. McCLURE AND THE PEOPLE'S PARTY IN THE CAMPAIGN OF 1860 By WILLIAM H. RUSSELL* pOLITICAL campaigns usually are considered important mainly for the election results that follow. Yet the campaign itself can have lasting effects, both in the discussion of issues and in the relations developed among politicians under stress. This was notably true of the campaign of 1860 in Pennsylvania. This cam- paign was to have strong effects on the future of the Republican Party in Pennsylvania, and on the state's attitude toward the issues leading to the Civil War. It affected the career of nearly every prominent Republican politician, but none more than that of young Alexander K. McClure, state chairman of the party during this critical time. A. K. McClure. by 1860, was already well known as one of the state's shrewdest and most ambitious young politicians. At the age of eighteen he had founded his own newspaper at Mifflintown, and become a spokesman for the anti-slavery Whigs. Six years later he took over the Whig newspaper at Chambersburg, where he achieved financial success and leadership in community affairs. By 1857 he had become a lawyer and won election to the legislature. There he would be a leader of the anti-Democratic forces for several years. With the decline of the Whig Party, he had dallied briefly with the new Know-Nothing movement, then joined in the effort to unite Whigs, Know Nothings, and anti-Nebraska Demo- crats under the Republican label. In 1860, still just thirty-two years of age, he was called to be state chairman of his party.
    [Show full text]
  • Articles  195
    ARTICLES 195 HOW A CALIFORNIA SETTLER UNSETTLED THE PROSLAVERY LEGISLATURE OF ANTEBELLUM LOUISIANA ALEXANDRA HAVRYLYSHYN* Introduction lavery in the antebellum American South depended upon a set of laws designed Sto enslave and exploit individuals on the basis of their race, while protecting the owners of human property. A long line of literature has established this.1 One might expect that those at the bottom of the hierarchy — enslaved women and girls of African descent — would have no hope of contesting their status. R ecent literature demonstrates that there were in fact legal pathways to freedom.2 Thispaper was awarded first place in the California Supreme Court Historical So- ciety’s 2018 CSCHS Selma Moidel Smith Student Writing Competition in California Legal History. * JD, PhD, 2018, University of California Berkeley School of Law. 1 Derrick Bell, Race, Racism, and American Law (New York: Aspen Publishers, 2004); Eugene Genovese, Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World the Slaves Made (New York: Pantheon Books, 1974); Ulrich Bonnell Phillips, American Negro Slavery: A Survey of the Supply, Employment and Control of Negro Labor as Determined by the Plantation Regime (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1966); Thomas Morris,Southern Slavery and the Law, 1619–1860 (Cha- pel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1996); Kenneth Stampp, The Peculiar Institu- tion: Slavery in the Ante-Bellum South (New York: Vintage Books, 1989). 2 Rosemary Brana-Shute and Randy Sparks, Paths to Freedom: Manumission in the Atlantic World (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2009); Alejandro de 196 CALIFORNIA LEGAL HISTORY ✯ VOLUME 14, 2019 This article uncovers the little-known history of Judge John McHenry, a trial judge at the First District Court of New Orleans.
    [Show full text]