Copyright (c) American Society for Plant Taxonomists. All rights reserved. Delivered by Ingenta to IP: 192.168.39.151 on: Sun, 03 Oct 2021 18:23:52 Dichantheliumbarbadense lar bundles. several ofthemwithconspicuousfusoidcellsnearthevascu- toward theapex;anatomically, allspeciesofsect. ecium membranous,withsimplepapillaeandpricklehairs upper glumeandlowerlemma5–nerved,theanth- in unilateralbranches,withthelowerglume1–3-nerved, Asia. Speciesofthissectionhavebiconvexspikeletsarranged New World, while Aliscioni etal.2003 ), 10species;ofthese,ninegrow inthe Laxa sions radiatingfrom outer vascularbundle. vascular bundleandconspicuousadaxialabaxialexten- synthetic pathway, withseveralmesophyllcellsbetweeneach DOI 10.1600/036364411X553126 © Copyright2011 bythe American SocietyofPlantTaxonomists Systematic Botany late, flat, hispid on both surfaces with papillose-pilose hairs late, flat,hispid onbothsurfaceswithpapillose-pilose hairs pilose. Blades 1–3 ×0.4–0.5cm,ovate-lanceolate tolanceo- with longhairsbeneathatthe baseoftheblade;collarpale, long, membranous-ciliate,the membranousportionreduced, otherwise sparselypiloseto glabrous. Ligules0.2–0.4 mm overlapping, striate,themargins longciliatetoward theapex, Sheaths 1.2–3cmlong,usually longerthantheinternodes, terete, shortlypilose,barbate;nodescompressed, dark,pilose. middle anduppernodes;internodes0.5–3cmlong,hollow, tall, manynoded,erect, freely branching,more sotoward the superiore 9–11-nervia, differt. gluma inferiore ½spiculamaequansvelbreviore, gluma surface; anatomically, speciesinthisgenushaveaC upper antheciumindurate,withsimplepapillaealloverits the upperglumeandlowerlemma(5–)7–15nerved, branous-ciliate ligules,spikeletsellipsoidtoobovoidwith perennial specieswithor withoutfoliardimorphism,mem- et al.1993 ; Aliscioni etal.2003 ) ischaracterizedasincluding tributed from Canadaand theU.S. A. to Argentina ( Zuloaga Dichanthelium other isplacedin below. Onebelongsto new specieswere discovered from Brazilandare described Short rhizomatous perennials, caespitose.Culms15–40cm Dichantheliumcongesto During arevision ofthePaniceaeforNeotropics, two includes,aspresently circumscribed ( Zuloaga etal.1992 ; 13°17 sp. nov.—TYPE: BRAZIL.Bahia: Abaíra, PicodoBarbado, related species. Panicum R. P. Oliveira1454 A.M.Giulietti,G.L.Campos,S.Conceição,T. Brito& 1 Instituto deBotánicaDarwinion,Labardén 200,CasilladeCorreo 22,B1642HYD,SanIsidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina Keywords— Abstract— ¢ 0.04 sect. (2011), 36(1):pp.53–58 an American genuswithnearly55speciesdis- ²² Two newspeciesofPaniceaeare here described,onebelongingto Laxa S, 41°55 Dichanthelium Panicum aooi Treatment Taxonomic P. auritum ( Panicumharleyi (holotype:HUEFS!). Nw pce o Pnca (oca, aioda) rm Brazil from Panicoideae) (Poaceae, Paniceae of Species New Dichanthelium ¢ 59.94 affine sedspiculisnonstipitatis, ig L Salariato, L. Diego sect. Salariato, Morrone &Zuloaga, rmna rse grasses, Gramineae, , J.Presl exNees isrestricted to ² W 1,800–2,430m,15 Aug 1998, Laxa ). Bothtaxagrow inopenareas ofCentralBrazilare described,illustrated,andcompared withputative
2 Author forcorrespondence ( [email protected] ) (Hitchc.&Chase)Pilg. (Lam.)Gouldandthe Cmuiaig dtr Mly Nepokroeff Molly Editor: Communicating 1 Panicum , Panicum 2 Ovlo Morrone, Osvaldo Laxa 3 taxonomy. , photo- are C sect. 3 , 53 the lowerandupperglume. spikelets denselyhirsutewith aconspicuousstipebetween stipiflorum a conspicuousinternodebetween bothglumes. glume ¾ormore thelengthofspikelet,5–7-nerved,with tribution. eastern Brazil,althoughtheydonotoverlapinitspresent dis- within theEspinhaçorange,ChapadaDiamantina,innorth- and tribution andmorphology, to (Poaceae), andgeneraofVelloziaceae and Eriocaulaceae. Zuloaga &Morrone and 1,100 and2,400melevation,togetherwithspeciesof this rare speciesgrows inopen,shrubby savannas,between estres,” rock fields,ofChapadaDiamantinainBahia,where highest mountainintheBrazilianstateofBahia. Barbado”, typelocalityofthespecies.PicodoBarbadois long, 2,truncate; stamens3.Caryopsisnotseen. Figure 1 . surface, shortlypiloseattheapex( Fig. 2 ); lodiculesca.0.4mm late, pale,withsimplepapillaeregularly distributedalloverits flower absent.Upperanthecium2.4×1.2mm,ellipsoid,apicu- 1.2 mm,ovate,hyaline,themargins ciliolate,apexacute;lower glabrous tosparselypilose, 9-nerved.Lowerpalea2.4–2.6× at theapex.Lowerlemmaaslongspikelet,glumiform, glabrous tosparselypilose, 9–11-nerved, tinged withpurple ing theupperglume.Upperglumeaslongspikelet, glabrous, 1–3-nerved,the nervesnotmanifest,embrac- ca. ½orlessthelengthofspikelet,ovate,subulate,hyaline, the upperantheciuminlength.Lowerglume1.2–1.6mmlong, brous, upperglumeand lower lemmaacuminate,exceeding 1.4 mm,long-ellipsoid,acute,green ortingedwithpurple,gla- with longwhitishhairstoward thebase.Spikelets3–3.2×1.2– glabrous, delicate,terete; pedicels2–5mmlong,claviform, divergent orappressed, alternate,axisofthebranchessmooth, with longwhitishhairs;firstorder branchesupto0.8cmlong, near thebranches,otherwisesmooth,glabrous; pulvinipilose, lax, fewflowered panicle;mainaxiswavy, sparselypilose exerted, shortlypilosetoglabrous. Inflorescence 3–5 ×1–2cm, up to3cmlong,includedintheuppermostleavesorpartially gins long-ciliate,scabrous, involutetoward theapex. Peduncle to sparselypilose,subcordate atthebase,apexacute,mar- sheath adaxially andabaxially( Fig. 3, A-B ). vascular bundles, andalsoextensionsofthe outerbundle with more thanfourmesophyllcellsbetweenconsecutive with otherspeciesof Observations— Habitat— and Distribution Etymology— 1 D. stipiflorum n enno . Zuloaga O. Fernando and Dichanthelium Dichanthelium congestum isdistinguishedbyitscordate, claspingblades,and The namerefers tothelocality“Picodo (Renvoize)Zuloaga;allthesespecies grow ( Dichantheliumbarbadense Dichantheliumbarbadense Dichanthelium Renvoizea D. congestum Dichanthelium barbadense Only knownfrom “camposrup- differs byhavingalower 1
, anon Kranzanatomy, Zuloaga&Morrone (Renvoize)Zuloaga ) andtheotherto isrelated, byitsdis- Dichanthelium Apochloa shares,
Copyright (c) American Society for Plant Taxonomists. All rights reserved. Delivered by Ingenta to IP: 192.168.39.151 on: Sun, 03 Oct 2021 18:23:52 1. Bladesclaspingtheculm,cordate, widthlengthtoratio of3–5(–7):1 . . dorsal view. G.Upperanthecium,ventralview. H.Upperlemma.I.paleawithlodiculesandfilaments(basedon [Volume 36 SYSTEMATIC BOTANY 54 The followingkeyprovides adelimitationof Fig. 2. Upperglume and lowerlemma5(–7)-nerved,the nervesinconspicuous,lowerlemma inflatedatbase;upperanthecium 1. 1. inserted laterallyin relation . . totheaxisof rachilla Dichanthelium barbadense . A. Habit.B.Detailofligule.C.Spikelet,ventral view. D.Spikelet,dorsalview. E.Lowerpalea.F. Upperanthecium, e t to Key D. barbadense D. BARBADENSE from speciesofthegenuswithasimilargeographicdistribution. andRelated Species ...... 2 . . Dichanthelium sciurotis Giulietti etal.1454 (rn) Davidse (Trin.) ). Copyright (c) American Society for Plant Taxonomists. All rights reserved. Delivered by Ingenta to IP: 192.168.39.151 on: Sun, 03 Oct 2021 18:23:52 . 1. Bladenotclaspingtheculm,narrow tosubcordate, widthlengthtoratioof10–30:1 Panicumharleyi 55 SALARIATO ET AL.: NEWSPECIESOFPANICEAE 2011] margins. Scales: A =500µm,B 100µm,C=20D200µm. lemma surfaceshowing simplepapillae.D.Lower paleawithciliolate B. Apex oftheupperlemma,ventral view. C.Ornamentation oftheupper of Fig. D. barbadense(Giuliettietal.1454 . 7. Lowerglume¾–4/5thelengthofspikelet . 7. Lowerglume¼–1/2thelengthofspikelet 2. Upperglumeandlowerlemma7–9-nerved,withprominent nerves;lowerlemmanotinflatedatbase;upperantheciuminsert em direção aoPicodas Almas, 13°32 TYPE: BRAZIL.Bahia.RiodeContas,ca.5kmdacidade, HUEFS!). 1,107 m,1 Aug 2006, 2. Micromorphology oftheupperantheciumandlowerpalea 11. Spikeletswithoutastipebetweenthelowerandupperglume . 11. Spikeletswithastipebetweenthelowerandupperglume . 8. Plantswithoutprominent glandsonsheaths,bladesandaxisofthepanicles,occasionallypresent ontheaxisofpa . 8. Plantswithprominent glandsonsheaths,bladesandaxisofthepanicles 3. Inflorescence 2.5–15cmlong,multiflowered; bladesnotoverlapping,2–12cmlong,0.5–2wide . 3. Inflorescences 1–2.5(–3)cmlong,few–flowered; bladesoverlapping,1–3cmlong, relation totheaxisofrachilla . 9. Blades1–3(–6)cmlong,0.2–0.5wide;panicles3–5long . 9. Blades3.5–12(–16)cmlong.0.2–1.3(–1.5)wide;panicles10–15long . 4. Spikelets2.2–3.3mmlong,withastipebetweenthelowerandupperglume . 4. Spikelets1.5–2.5mmlong,withoutamanifeststipebetweenthelowerandupperglume . .–. mwd . 0.3–0.6 cmwide 10. Spikelets2.5–3.2mmlong,long-ellipsoid,glabrous tosparselypilose, 10. Spikelets2–2.3mmlong,ellipsoid,hirsute,covered withwhitishhairs; 6. Bladeswithmargins cartilaginousandcovered withmanifestcilia;lowerglume½orlessthespikelet; 6. Bladeswithoutcartilaginousmargins andwithoutciliaontheupperportionsofmargins; lowerglume1/2–3/4thele 5. Spikeletsshort-hispid,1.5–1.9mmlong;inflorescences 2.5–9cmlong;mainaxisoftheinflorescence denselyhirsute; 5. Spikeletsglabrous, 1.7–2.5mmlong;inflorescences 10–15cmlong;mainaxisglabrous; bladeslinear-lanceolate, Salariato,Morrone &Zuloaga,sp.nov.— ldswt aesmercl ...... blades withbasesymmetrical ldsoaelnelt,wt aeaymtia blades ovate-lanceolate,withbaseasymmetrical . ihbs ymtia . . with basesymmetrical pklt ldswt aeaymtia . spikelet; bladeswithbaseasymmetrical ldsoaelnelt olnelt blades ovate-lanceolatetolanceolate . . blades linear-lanceolate R. M.Harley55486 ). A. Upperanthecium,dorsalview. ¢ 58 ² S,41°51 (holotype: ¢ 03 ² W, W, mens 3,anthers 1.4mmlong.Caryopsis1.1 × 0.6mm,ovoid; lemma 5-nerved; lodiculesca.0.3mmlong, 2,cuneate;sta- apex oflemmaandpalea,the apexcucullate( Fig. 5 ); upper ularly distributedalloverits surface andpricklestoward the long-ellipsoid, pale,membranous, withsimplepapillaereg- lower flowerabsent.Upperanthecium 2.3–2.5×0.6–0.7mm, midnerve scabrous. Lowerpaleasmall,hyaline,glabrous; midnerve scabrous. Lowerlemmaglumiform,5-nerved, the Upper glumeaslongthespikelet,acute,5-nerved, of thespikelet,acute,3–5-nerved,midnervescabrous. subequal. Lowerglume1.5–1.7mmlong,ca.2/3thelength lae alloveritssurface,theupperglumeandlowerlemma glumes andlowerlemmamembranous,withsmallpapil- 2.5–2.6 ×0.8–1mm,ellipsoid,green andtingedwithpurple, brous tofinelyscabrous toward theapex,purple.Spikelets unilaterally arranged;pedicels1–5mmlong,claviform,gla- triquetrous, glabrous, scabrous, purple;spikeletspaired and order branches,short,with3–4spikelets;axisofthebranches ones 4.5–5.5cmlong,secondorder branchesbasalinthefirst and divergent, distant1–4.5cmfrom eachother, thelower brous orsparinglypilose; firstorder branches11, alternate glabrous onthelowerportion, otherwisehispid;pulvinigla- open terminalpanicle15×7cm;mainaxiswavy, smooth, ca. 11 cmlong,exserted,terete, glabrous. Inflorescence an branous, ciliateatthebase,otherwiseglabrous. Peduncles glabrous, subcordate, theapexacuminate,margins mem- sparsely piloseontheadaxialsurface,abaxialsurface collar brown, glabrous. Blades7–13×0.3–0.6cm,lanceolate, branous, withashortandsparsefringeofhairsattheapex; the margins membranous, pilose.Ligules0.7mmlong,mem- long, usuallyshorterthantheinternodes,striate,glabrous, glabrous; nodesdark,compressed, glabrous. Sheaths2–7cm ca. 50cmtall;internodes3–7long,compressed, hollow, decumbent, rooting atthe lowernodes,thenbecomingerect, palea inferiore absensdiffert. petiolatis, amplexicaulibus,inflorescentiis ca.50ramos,et Plants ofindefiniteduration,probably perennial. Culms Panicumcondensato ...... 3 . Dichanthelium adenorhachis Dichanthelium sciurotoides ...... 11 ...... 8 . Dichanthelium barbadense Dichanthelium cabrerae Dichanthelium aequivaginatum Dichanthelium aequivaginatum affine sedlaminiscordatis etpseudo- . Dichanthelium cumbucana Dichanthelium stipiflorum Dichanthelium congestum Dichantheliumassurgens 10 . 7 . Dichanthelium pycnoclados 6 . (Zuloaga&Morrone) Zuloaga (Zuloaga&Morrone) Zuloaga (Zuloaga&Morrone) Davidse Salariato,Morrone &Zuloaga ...... 4 . 5 . il 9 nicle . (evie Zuloaga (Renvoize) (evie Zuloaga (Renvoize) (evie Zuloaga (Renvoize) (evie Zuloaga (Renvoize) (wle) Zuloaga (Swallen) (wle) Zuloaga (Swallen) ed horizontallyin (ui) Davidse (Tutin) ngth of Copyright (c) American Society for Plant Taxonomists. All rights reserved. Delivered by Ingenta to IP: 192.168.39.151 on: Sun, 03 Oct 2021 18:23:52 . . 1. Spikelets1.9–3.2mmlong;ligules present 1. Spikelets1.3–1.5mmlong;ligulesusuallyabsent . sect. swamp, humidareas atanelevationof1,100m. in Bahia,Brazil,where thisrare speciesgrows in“brejos,” or lector oftheBrazilianFlora. Dr. RaymondM.Harley, a renowned botanistanda great col- 4. Figure opsis. hilum elliptical,embryolessthanhalfthelengthofcary- [Volume 36 SYSTEMATIC BOTANY 56 B. Detailofvascularbundles,showingextensionstheoutersheathwitharrows. C-D. of B.Detailasecondorder vascularbundle,showingfusoidcellswitharrows. Scales: A,B,C =100µm,D50µm. Observations— Habitat— and Distribution Etymology— Fig 2. Branchesoftheinflorescence glabrous . . 2. Branchesoftheinflorescence denselypapillose-pilose,with hairsexceedingthelengthofspikelets . Laxa 3 4. Bladessubcordate, pseudopetioleabsent; inflorescence withca.11 branches; 4. Bladescordate andclasping,pseudopetiolate;inflorescence withca.50branches; . . 3. Bladesnarrowed atbase;Mexico . . 3. Bladescordate andclasping;Brazil . Leaf bladeanatomyof ( Zuloaga etal.1992 ); ithasspikeletsunilater- lower paleapresent . . . lower paleaabsent . . . The newspeciesisnamedinhonorof Panicumharleyi D. barbadense Only knownfrom RiodeContas e t to Key belongsto P. P. and HARLEYI P. harleyi andRelated Speciesof . -. A-B. . Panicum Dichanthelium barbadense
P. branches, andlacklowerpaleas. As withotherspecies of and amplexicaulousleaves,inflorescences withnearly50 which thelatterdiffers byhavingcordate, pseudopetiolate, P. harleyi with simplepapillaeandprickles.Within thissection, lemma 5-nerved,andtheupperantheciummembranous, ally arrangedonthebranches,upperglumeandlower fusoid cells( Fig. 3 , C-D). between consecutivevascularbundles,andwithassociated sect. Panicum harleyi Laxa, P. harleyi ismorphologicallysimilarto ...... 2 . . P ...... 4 . . ANICUM ...... ( . . . Giulietti etal.1454 Sect. ( Harley 55486 Panicum harleyi L isaC AXA
). A. Transverse section oftheblade. ). C.Transverse sectionoftheblade 3 ...... 3 . specieswithseveralcells Panicum longum Salariato,Morrone &Zuloaga Panicum condensatum P. condensatum Panicum leptachne Panicum pilosum Hitchc.&Chase , from , Bertol. Döll Sw. Copyright (c) American Society for Plant Taxonomists. All rights reserved. Delivered by Ingenta to IP: 192.168.39.151 on: Sun, 03 Oct 2021 18:23:52 (based on G. Upperanthecium,dorsalview. H.Upperanthecium,ventralview. I.Upperlemma. J.Lodicules.K.Caryopsis,embryoview. L. 57 SALARIATO ET AL.: NEWSPECIESOFPANICEAE 2011] Fig. 4. 4. Harley 55486 Panicum harleyi ). . A. Habit.B.Detailofligule.C.Spikelet, lateralview. D.Spikelet,ventralview. E.Spikelet, dorsalview. F. Lowerpale Caryopsis, hilumview a. Copyright (c) American Society for Plant Taxonomists. All rights reserved. Delivered by Ingenta to IP: 192.168.39.151 on: Sun, 03 Oct 2021 18:23:52 tetralobed silicabodies.Scales: A =500µm,BandD20C50µm. sal view. D.Detailofapextheupperantheciumshowingpricklesand lemma surfaceshowingsimplepapillae.C. Apex oftheupperlemma,dor- 55486 8 YTMTCBTN [Volume 36 SYSTEMATIC BOTANY 58 Fig. ). A. Upperanthecium,dorsalview. B.Ornamentationoftheupper 5 5. Micromorphology oftheupperanthecium P. harleyi ( Harley Zlaa F O, . orn , n R P Els . 19 rvso o of revision A 1992. Ellis. P. R. and Morrone , O. O., F. 2003. Zuloaga, Kellogg. A. E. and Zuloaga, O. F. Giussani, M. L. S., S. Aliscioni, help andkindnessduringthevisittoHUEFS2009. figures. FZalsowantstoexpress hisgratitudetoPatriciaOliveiraforher description, andMarianaValente forherassistanceinthepreparation of for preparing theillustrations,R.PoznerforhisassistancewithLatin which greatly improved themanuscript . We thanktoVladimiro Dudás wicz, MollyNepokroeff, Tom Ranker, andtwoanonymousreviewers of revision A 1993. Morrone . O. and Ellis, P. R. O., F. Zuloaga, Acknowledgments. subgenus Journal ofBotany phyly andphylogeneticplacementwithinthePanicoideae . A molecularphylogenyof Missouri BotanicalGarden in Mesoamerica,theWest Indies,andSouth America . Dichanthelium AnnalsoftheMissouriBotanicalGarden Phanopyrum sect. 0 796–821. 90: Dichanthelium We are particularlygratefultoEmmetJudzie- section ieaue Cited Literature 0 119 –190. 80: Panicum Laxa (Poaceae:Panicoideae:Paniceae) (Poaceae:Paniceae):testsofmono- (Poaceae:Panicoideae:Paniceae) . 9 770–818. 79: Panicum Annals ofthe American Panicum subg. subg.