Resolving Deep Relationships of PACMAD Grasses: a Phylogenomic Approach Joseph L
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Poaceae: Bambusoideae) Christopher Dean Tyrrell Iowa State University
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2008 Systematics of the neotropical woody bamboo genus Rhipidocladum (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) Christopher Dean Tyrrell Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Tyrrell, Christopher Dean, "Systematics of the neotropical woody bamboo genus Rhipidocladum (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)" (2008). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 15419. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/15419 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Systematics of the neotropical woody bamboo genus Rhipidocladum (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) by Christopher Dean Tyrrell A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Program of Study Committee: Lynn G. Clark, Major Professor Dennis V. Lavrov Robert S. Wallace Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2008 Copyright © Christopher Dean Tyrrell, 2008. All rights reserved. 1457571 1457571 2008 ii In memory of Thomas D. Tyrrell Festum Asinorum iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT iv CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Background and Significance 1 Research Objectives 5 Thesis Organization 6 Literature Cited 6 CHAPTER 2. PHYLOGENY OF THE BAMBOO SUBTRIBE 9 ARTHROSTYLIDIINAE WITH EMPHASIS ON RHIPIDOCLADUM Abstract 9 Introduction 10 Methods and Materials 13 Results 19 Discussion 25 Taxonomic Treatment 26 Literature Cited 31 CHAPTER 3. -
A Phylogeny of the Hubbardochloinae Including Tetrachaete (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae)
Peterson, P.M., K. Romaschenko, and Y. Herrera Arrieta. 2020. A phylogeny of the Hubbardochloinae including Tetrachaete (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae). Phytoneuron 2020-81: 1–13. Published 18 November 2020. ISSN 2153 733 A PHYLOGENY OF THE HUBBARDOCHLOINAE INCLUDING TETRACHAETE (CYNODONTEAE: CHLORIDOIDEAE: POACEAE) PAUL M. PETERSON AND KONSTANTIN ROMASCHENKO Department of Botany National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington, D.C. 20013-7012 [email protected]; [email protected] YOLANDA HERRERA ARRIETA Instituto Politécnico Nacional CIIDIR Unidad Durango-COFAA Durango, C.P. 34220, México [email protected] ABSTRACT The phylogeny of subtribe Hubbardochloinae is revisited, here with the inclusion of the monotypic genus Tetrachaete, based on a molecular DNA analysis using ndhA intron, rpl32-trnL, rps16 intron, rps16- trnK, and ITS markers. Tetrachaete elionuroides is aligned within the Hubbardochloinae and is sister to Dignathia. The biogeography of the Hubbardochloinae is discussed, its origin likely in Africa or temperate Asia. In a previous molecular DNA phylogeny (Peterson et al. 2016), the subtribe Hubbardochloinae Auquier [Bewsia Gooss., Dignathia Stapf, Gymnopogon P. Beauv., Hubbardochloa Auquier, Leptocarydion Hochst. ex Stapf, Leptothrium Kunth, and Lophacme Stapf] was found in a clade with moderate support (BS = 75, PP = 1.00) sister to the Farragininae P.M. Peterson et al. In the present study, Tetrachaete elionuroides Chiov. is included in a phylogenetic analysis (using ndhA intron, rpl32- trnL, rps16 intron, rps16-trnK, and ITS DNA markers) in order to test its relationships within the Cynodonteae with heavy sampling of species in the supersubtribe Gouiniodinae P.M. Peterson & Romasch. Chiovenda (1903) described Tetrachaete Chiov. with a with single species, T. -
High-Throughput Sequencing of Six Bamboo Chloroplast Genomes: Phylogenetic Implications for Temperate Woody Bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)
High-Throughput Sequencing of Six Bamboo Chloroplast Genomes: Phylogenetic Implications for Temperate Woody Bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) Yun-Jie Zhang1,2,3., Peng-Fei Ma1,2,3., De-Zhu Li1,2* 1 Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China, 2 Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China, 3 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Abstract Background: Bambusoideae is the only subfamily that contains woody members in the grass family, Poaceae. In phylogenetic analyses, Bambusoideae, Pooideae and Ehrhartoideae formed the BEP clade, yet the internal relationships of this clade are controversial. The distinctive life history (infrequent flowering and predominance of asexual reproduction) of woody bamboos makes them an interesting but taxonomically difficult group. Phylogenetic analyses based on large DNA fragments could only provide a moderate resolution of woody bamboo relationships, although a robust phylogenetic tree is needed to elucidate their evolutionary history. Phylogenomics is an alternative choice for resolving difficult phylogenies. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we present the complete nucleotide sequences of six woody bamboo chloroplast (cp) genomes using Illumina sequencing. These genomes are similar to those of other grasses and rather conservative in evolution. We constructed a phylogeny of Poaceae from 24 complete cp genomes including 21 grass species. Within the BEP clade, we found strong support for a sister relationship between Bambusoideae and Pooideae. In a substantial improvement over prior studies, all six nodes within Bambusoideae were supported with $0.95 posterior probability from Bayesian inference and 5/6 nodes resolved with 100% bootstrap support in maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses. -
Grass Genera in Townsville
Grass Genera in Townsville Nanette B. Hooker Photographs by Chris Gardiner SCHOOL OF MARINE and TROPICAL BIOLOGY JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY TOWNSVILLE QUEENSLAND James Cook University 2012 GRASSES OF THE TOWNSVILLE AREA Welcome to the grasses of the Townsville area. The genera covered in this treatment are those found in the lowland areas around Townsville as far north as Bluewater, south to Alligator Creek and west to the base of Hervey’s Range. Most of these genera will also be found in neighbouring areas although some genera not included may occur in specific habitats. The aim of this book is to provide a description of the grass genera as well as a list of species. The grasses belong to a very widespread and large family called the Poaceae. The original family name Gramineae is used in some publications, in Australia the preferred family name is Poaceae. It is one of the largest flowering plant families of the world, comprising more than 700 genera, and more than 10,000 species. In Australia there are over 1300 species including non-native grasses. In the Townsville area there are more than 220 grass species. The grasses have highly modified flowers arranged in a variety of ways. Because they are highly modified and specialized, there are also many new terms used to describe the various features. Hence there is a lot of terminology that chiefly applies to grasses, but some terms are used also in the sedge family. The basic unit of the grass inflorescence (The flowering part) is the spikelet. The spikelet consists of 1-2 basal glumes (bracts at the base) that subtend 1-many florets or flowers. -
Improving Our Understanding of Environmental Controls on the Distribution of C3 and C4 Grasses STEPHANIE PAU*, ERIKA J
Global Change Biology (2013) 19, 184–196, doi: 10.1111/gcb.12037 Improving our understanding of environmental controls on the distribution of C3 and C4 grasses STEPHANIE PAU*, ERIKA J. EDWARDS† andCHRISTOPHER J. STILL‡§ *National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS), 735 State Street, Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA, †Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA, ‡Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-4060, USA, §Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331-5752, USA Abstract A number of studies have demonstrated the ecological sorting of C3 and C4 grasses along temperature and moisture gradients. However, previous studies of C3 and C4 grass biogeography have often inadvertently compared species in different and relatively unrelated lineages, which are associated with different environmental settings and distinct adaptive traits. Such confounded comparisons of C3 and C4 grasses may bias our understanding of ecological sorting imposed strictly by photosynthetic pathway. Here, we used MaxEnt species distribution modeling in combination with satellite data to understand the functional diversity of C3 and C4 grasses by comparing both large clades and closely related sister taxa. Similar to previous work, we found that C4 grasses showed a preference for regions with higher temperatures and lower precipitation compared with grasses using the C3 pathway. However, air temperature differences were smaller (2 °C vs. 4 °C) and precipitation and % tree cover differences were larger (1783 mm vs. 755 mm, 21.3% vs. 7.7%, respectively) when comparing C3 and C4 grasses within the same clade vs. -
State of New York City's Plants 2018
STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 Daniel Atha & Brian Boom © 2018 The New York Botanical Garden All rights reserved ISBN 978-0-89327-955-4 Center for Conservation Strategy The New York Botanical Garden 2900 Southern Boulevard Bronx, NY 10458 All photos NYBG staff Citation: Atha, D. and B. Boom. 2018. State of New York City’s Plants 2018. Center for Conservation Strategy. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. 132 pp. STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 INTRODUCTION 10 DOCUMENTING THE CITY’S PLANTS 10 The Flora of New York City 11 Rare Species 14 Focus on Specific Area 16 Botanical Spectacle: Summer Snow 18 CITIZEN SCIENCE 20 THREATS TO THE CITY’S PLANTS 24 NEW YORK STATE PROHIBITED AND REGULATED INVASIVE SPECIES FOUND IN NEW YORK CITY 26 LOOKING AHEAD 27 CONTRIBUTORS AND ACKNOWLEGMENTS 30 LITERATURE CITED 31 APPENDIX Checklist of the Spontaneous Vascular Plants of New York City 32 Ferns and Fern Allies 35 Gymnosperms 36 Nymphaeales and Magnoliids 37 Monocots 67 Dicots 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report, State of New York City’s Plants 2018, is the first rankings of rare, threatened, endangered, and extinct species of what is envisioned by the Center for Conservation Strategy known from New York City, and based on this compilation of The New York Botanical Garden as annual updates thirteen percent of the City’s flora is imperiled or extinct in New summarizing the status of the spontaneous plant species of the York City. five boroughs of New York City. This year’s report deals with the City’s vascular plants (ferns and fern allies, gymnosperms, We have begun the process of assessing conservation status and flowering plants), but in the future it is planned to phase in at the local level for all species. -
Modelling the Distribution of Photosynthetic Types of Grasses in Sahelian Burkina Faso with High-Resolution Satellite Data
ECOTROPICA 17: 53–63, 2011 © Society for Tropical Ecology MODELLING THE DISTRIBUTION OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC TYPES OF GRASSES IN SAHELIAN BURKINA FASO WITH HIGH-RESOLUTION SATELLITE DATA Marco Schmidt1,2,3*, Konstantin König2,3, Jonas V. Müller4, Ulrike Brunken1,5 & Georg Zizka1,2,3 1 Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Abt. Botanik und molekulare Evolutionsforschung, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany 2 Goethe-Universität, Institut für Ökologie, Evolution und Diversität, Siesmayerstr. 70, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany 3 Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (Bik-F), Biodiversity dynamics and Climate, Georg-Voigt-Straße 14-16, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany 4 Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Seed Conservation Department, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly RH176TN, United Kingdom 5 Palmengarten, Abt. Garten, Wissenschaft & Pädagogik, Siesmayerstr. 61, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Abstract. We combined grass (Poaceae) occurrence data from the Sahelian parts of Burkina Faso, West Africa, with data on the photosynthetic type of these species. Occurrence data were compiled from relevés and collections of the Herbarium Senckenbergianum, and the assignment of photosynthetic types was taken from the literature and completed by leaf ana- tomical observations of our own. We used the occurrence data to model species distributions using GARP (Genetic algo- rithm of rule-set production) and high-resolution satellite data (Landsat ETM+) as environmental predictors. In a subse- quent step we summarized the distributions of single species for each photosynthetic type. The resulting distribution patterns reflect the ecological preferences connected with photosynthetic pathways. The only C3 species is strictly bound to watercourses and temporary lakes, C4 MS species mainly occur on the dunes, C4 PS-PCK species are mainly from dunes and watercourses, C4 PS-NAD type species dominate the drier peneplains. -
Phylogeny and Subfamilial Classification of the Grasses (Poaceae) Author(S): Grass Phylogeny Working Group, Nigel P
Phylogeny and Subfamilial Classification of the Grasses (Poaceae) Author(s): Grass Phylogeny Working Group, Nigel P. Barker, Lynn G. Clark, Jerrold I. Davis, Melvin R. Duvall, Gerald F. Guala, Catherine Hsiao, Elizabeth A. Kellogg, H. Peter Linder Source: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, Vol. 88, No. 3 (Summer, 2001), pp. 373-457 Published by: Missouri Botanical Garden Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3298585 Accessed: 06/10/2008 11:05 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=mobot. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. -
Missouriensis
Missouriensis Journal of the Missouri Native Plant Society Volume 34 2017 effectively published online 30 September 2017 Missouriensis, Volume 34 (2017) Journal of the Missouri Native Plant Society EDITOR Douglas Ladd Missouri Botanical Garden P.O. Box 299 St. Louis, MO 63110 email: [email protected] MISSOURI NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY https://monativeplants.org PRESIDENT VICE-PRESIDENT John Oliver Dana Thomas 4861 Gatesbury Drive 1530 E. Farm Road 96 Saint Louis, MO 63128 Springfield, MO 65803 314.487.5924 317.430.6566 email: [email protected] email: [email protected] SECRETARY TREASURER Malissa Briggler Bob Siemer 102975 County Rd. 371 74 Conway Cove Drive New Bloomfield, MO 65043 Chesterfield, MO 63017 573.301.0082 636.537.2466 email: [email protected] email: [email protected] IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT WEBMASTER Paul McKenzie Brian Edmond 2311 Grandview Circle 8878 N Farm Road 75 Columbia, MO 65203 Walnut Grove, MO 65770 573.445.3019 417.742.9438 email: [email protected] email: [email protected] BOARD MEMBERS Steve Buback, St. Joseph (2015-2018); email: [email protected] Ron Colatskie, Festus (2016-2019); email: [email protected] Rick Grey, St. Louis (2015-2018); email: [email protected] Bruce Schuette, Troy (2016-2019); email: [email protected] Mike Skinner, Republic (2016-2019); email: [email protected] Justin Thomas, Springfield (2014-2017); email: [email protected] i FROM THE EDITOR Welcome to the first online edition of Missouriensis. The format has been redesigned to facilitate access and on-screen readability, and articles are freely available online as open source, archival pdfs. -
Morphological, Anatomical, and Taxonomic Studies in Anomochloa and Streptochaeta (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY NUMBER 68 Morphological, Anatomical, and Taxonomic Studies in Anomochloa and Streptochaeta (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) Emmet J. Judziewicz and Thomas R. Soderstrom SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS Washington, D.C. 1989 ABSTRACT Judziewicz, Emmet J., and Thomas R. Soderstrom. Morphological, Anatomical, and Taxonomic Studies in Anomochloa and Streptochaeta (Poaceae: Bambusoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, number 68,52 pages, 24 figures, 1 table, 1989.-Although resembling the core group of the bambusoid grasses in many features of leaf anatomy, the Neotropical rainforest grass genera Anomochloa and Streptochaeta share characters that are unusual in the subfamily: lack of ligules, exceptionally long microhairs with an unusual morphology, a distinctive leaf blade midrib structure, and 5-nerved coleoptiles. Both genera also possess inflorescences that are difficult to interpret in conventional agrostological terms. Anomochloa is monotypic, and A. marantoidea, described in 1851 by Adolphe Brongniart from cultivated material of uncertain provenance, was rediscovered in 1976 in the wet forests of coastal Bahia, Brazil. The inflorescence terminates in a spikelet and bears along its rachis several scorpioid cyme-like partial inflorescences. Each axis of a partial inflorescence is subtended by a keeled bract and bears as its first appendages two tiny, unvascularized bracteoles attached at slightly different levels. The spikelets are composed of an axis that bears two bracts and terminates in a flower. The lower, chlorophyllous, deciduous spikelet bract is separated from the coriaceous, persistent, corniculate upper bract by a cylindrical, indurate internode. The flower consists of a low membrane surmounted by a dense ring of brown cilia (perigonate annulus) surrounding the andrecium of four stamens, and an ovary bearing a single hispid stigma. -
Chapter 5 Phylogeny of Poaceae Based on Matk Gene Sequences
Chapter 5 Phylogeny of Poaceae Based on matK Gene Sequences 5.1 Introduction Phylogenetic reconstruction in the Poaceae began early in this century with proposed evolutionary hypotheses based on assessment of existing knowledge of grasses (e.g., Bew, 1929; Hubbard 1948; Prat, 1960; Stebbins, 1956, 1982; Clayton, 1981; Tsvelev, 1983). Imperical approaches to phylogenetic reconstruction of the Poaceae followed those initial hypotheses, starting with cladistic analyses of morphological and anatomical characters (Kellogg and Campbell, 1987; Baum, 1987; Kellogg and Watson, 1993). More recently, molecular information has provided the basis for phylogenetic hypotheses in grasses at the subfamily and tribe levels (Table 5.1). These molecular studies were based on information from chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) restriction sites and DNA sequencing of the rbcL, ndhF, rps4, 18S and 26S ribosomal DNA (rDNA), phytochrome genes, and the ITS region (Hamby and Zimmer, 1988; Doebley et al., 1990; Davis and Soreng, 1993; Cummings, King, and Kellogg, 1994; Hsiao et al., 1994; Nadot, Bajon, and Lejeune, 1994; Barker, Linder, and Harley, 1995; Clark, Zhang, and Wendel, 1995; Duvall and Morton, 1996; Liang and Hilu, 1996; Mathews and Sharrock, 1996). Although these studies have refined our concept of grass evolution at the subfamily level and, to a certain degree, at the tribal level, major disagreements and questions remain to be addressed. Outstanding discrepancies at the subfamily level include: 1) Are the pooids, bambusoids senso lato, or herbaceous bamboos the -
Who's Related to Whom?
149 Who’s related to whom? Recent results from molecular systematic studies Elizabeth A Kellogg Similarities among model systems can lead to generalizations systematist’s question-why are there so many different about plants, but understanding the differences requires kinds of organisms? Studies of the evolution of develop- systematic data. Molecular phylogenetic analyses produce ment demand that the investigator go beyond the model results similar to traditional classifications in the grasses system and learn the pattern of variation in its relatives (Poaceae), and relationships among the cereal crops [3*]. This requires a reasonable assessment of the relatives’ are quite clear. Chloroplast-based phylogenies for the identity. Solanaceae show that tomato is best considered as a species of Solarium, closely related to potatoes. Traditional Knowledge of plant relationships has increased rapidly classifications in the Brassicaceae are misleading with in the past decade, reflecting partly the development regard to true phylogenetic relationships and data are only of molecular systematics. It has been known for some now beginning to clarify the situation. Molecular data are time that plant classifications do not reflect phylogeny also being used to revise our view of relationships among accurately, even though both phylogeny and classification flowering plant families. Phylogenetic data are critical for are hierarchical. The hierarchy of classification was interpreting hypotheses of the evolution of development. imposed in the late 18th century, well before ideas of descent with modification (evolution) were prevalent [4]. These pre-evolutionary groups were then re-interpreted in Address an evolutionary context, and were assumed to be products Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Avenue Cambridge, MA of evolution, rather than man-made artefacts.