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Journal of the Asian Elephant Specialist Group GAJAH NUMBER 33 2010 GAJAHJournal of the Asian Elephant Specialist Group GAJAH Journal of the Asian Elephant Specialist Group Number 33 (2010) The journal is intended as a medium of communication on issues that concern the management and conservation of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) both in the wild and in captivity. It is a means by which members of the AsESG and others can communicate their experiences, ideas and perceptions freely, so that the conservation of Asian elephants can benefit. All articles published in Gajah reflect the individual views of the authors and not necessarily that of the editorial board or the AsESG. The copyright of each article remains with the author(s). Editor Jayantha Jayewardene Biodiversity and Elephant Conservation Trust 615/32 Rajagiriya Gardens Nawala Road, Rajagiriya Sri Lanka [email protected] Editorial Board Dr. Richard Barnes Dr. Prithiviraj Fernando Ecology, Behavior & Evolution Section Centre for Conservation and Research Division of Biological Sciences MC-0116 35 Gunasekara Gardens University of California at San Diego Nawala Road La Jolla, CA 92093-0116 Rajagiriya USA Sri Lanka e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Dr. Jennifer Pastorini Heidi Riddle Centre for Conservation and Research Riddles Elephant & Wildlife Sanctuary 35 Gunasekara Gardens P.O. Box 715 Nawala Road, Rajagiriya Greenbrier, Arkansas 72058 Sri Lanka USA e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Dr. Alex Rübel Arnold Sitompul Direktor Zoo Zürich Conservation Science Initiative Zürichbergstrasse 221 Jl. Setia Budi Pasar 2 CH - 8044 Zürich Komp. Insan Cita Griya Blok CC No 5 Switzerland Medan, 20131 e-mail: [email protected] Indonesia e-mail:[email protected] GAJAH Journal of the Asian Elephant Specialist Group Number 33 (2010) This publication of Gajah was financed by the International Elephant Foundation Editorial Note Articles published in Gajah may be used, distributed and reproduced in any medium, provided the article is properly cited. Gajah will be published as both a hard copy and an on-line version accessible from the AsESG web site (www.asesg.org/gajah.htm). If you would like to be informed when a new issue comes out, please provide your e-mail address. If you would like to have a hardcopy, please send a request with your name and postal address by e-mail to <[email protected]> or to: Jayantha Jayewardene 615/32 Rajagiriya Gardens Nawala Road, Rajagiriya Sri Lanka Cover: Elephant patrol in Blang Raweu, Aceh Photo by Mahdi Ismail Layout and formatting by Dr. Jennifer Pastorini Printed at Melios (Pvt) Ltd. Printed by Gunaratne Offset Ltd. Instructions for Contributors Gajah welcomes articles on all aspects of Asian elephants, of interest to those involved in conserva- tion, management and research on Asian elephants and the general public. Articles may include but are not limited to research findings, opinions, commentaries, anecdotal accounts and book reviews. Readers are encouraged to submit comments, opinions and criticisms of articles published in Gajah. Such correspondence should be a maximum of 300 words, and will be edited and published at the discretion of the editorial board. Manuscripts with a maximum of 5000 words are accepted for the “full paper” section. These manu- scripts may be sent to reviewers outside of the Editorial Board of Gajah. Such peer reviewed papers will be identified in the journal by means of a footer that reads “peer reviewed paper”. Manuscripts with a maximum of 2000 words are accepted for the “short paper” section. These manuscripts are re- viewed by the Editorial Board of Gajah. Such editor reviewed papers will be identified in the journal by means of a footer that reads “editor reviewed paper”. Tables and figures should be kept to a minimum. Each needs to be on a separate page at the end of the manuscript. Legends should be typed separately (not incorporated into the figure). Use of black and white figures is encouraged to facilitate reproduction. Refer to figures and tables in the text as (Fig. 2) and (Table 4). Include tables and line drawings in the MS WORD document you submit. Photographs, maps etc. should be submitted as extra files in JPEG orTIFF format. References should be indicated in the text by the surnames(s) of the author(s) with the year of pub- lication as in the example below: (Baskaran & Desai 1996; Rajapaksha et al. 2004) If the name forms part of the text, it may be cited as in the following example: Sukumar (1989) demonstrated that... Avoid if possible, citing references which are hard to access (e.g. reports, unpublished theses). Format citations in the ‘References’ section as in the following examples, writing out journal titles in full. Baskaran, N. & Desai, A.A. (1996) Ranging behavior of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) in the Nilgiri biosphere reserve, South India. Gajah 15: 41-57. Olivier, R.C.D. (1978) On the Ecology of the Asian Elephant. Ph.D. thesis, University of Cam- bridge, Cambridge, UK. Rajapaksha, R.C., Mendis, G.U.S.P. & Wijesinghe, C.G. (2004) Management of Pinnawela el- ephants in musth period. In: Endangered Elephants, Past Present and Future. Jayewardene, J. (ed.) Biodiversity & Elephant Conservation Trust, Colombo, Sri Lanka. pp 182-183. Sukumar, R. (1989) The Asian Elephant: Ecology and Management. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Manuscripts should be submitted by e-mail to the editor <[email protected]>. If unable to do so, a hard copy can be sent to: Jayantha Jayewardene, 615/32 Rajagiriya Gardens, Nawala Road, Raja- giriya, Sri Lanka. Deadline for submission of manuscripts for the next issue of Gajah is 31. May 2011. NUMBER 33 2010 GAJAHJournal of the Asian Elephant Specialist Group Contents Gajah 33 (2010) Editorial 1-2 Heidi S. Riddle Notes from the Co-chairs IUCN/SSC Asian Elephant Specialist Group 3-6 Ajay A. Desai and Simon Hedges Correspondence 7 Jacob V. Cheeran Translocation of a Wild Elephant from Southern West Bengal to Northern West Bengal - An Approach to Reduce Elephant-Human Conflict 8-11 M. Roy, S. P. Choudhury, P. Kamalakanth, C. Dutta, S. Kundu, S. Dasgupta, U. Bhattacharya and R. Sukumar On Predicting Elephant Population Dynamics 12-16 Shermin de Silva A Case History of Colonization in the Asian Elephant: Koundinya Wildlife Sanctuary (Andhra Pradesh, India) 17-25 Ranjit Manakadan, S. Swaminathan, J.C. Daniel and Ajay A. Desai Crop Raiding by Elephants Adjacent to Two National Parks in Lampung Province, Sumatra, Indonesia 26-34 Arnold F. Sitompul, Simon Hedges, Martin J. Tyson, John P.Caroll and Timothy O’Brien Seasonal and Roofing Material Influence on the Thermoregulation by Captive Asian Elephants and its Implications for Captive Elephant Welfare 35-40 V. Vanitha and N. Baskaran Identifying Elephant Movement Patterns by Direct Observation 41-46 Prithiviraj Fernando, H. K. Janaka, Tharaka Prasad, and Jennifer Pastorini Asian Elephant and Bannerghatta National Park in Eastern Ghats, Southern India 47-52 S. P.Gopalakrishna, R. K. Somashekar, Vijay D. Anand and Surendra Varma ElefantAsia in the Lao PDR – An Overview 53-57 Ingrid Suter The Training Methods Used in Myanma Timber Enterprise 58-61 Zaw Min Oo Mahoutship in Indonesia - Developing a Young Profession 62-64 Nazaruddin, Christopher Stremme and Heidi S. Riddle Problems Encountered During Translocation of an Aggressive Captive Asian Elephant and its Successful Management 65-67 Indramani Nath, Subharaj Samantara and Kamal Lochan Purohit Summary of Fourth Annual Tuberculosis and Elephants Workshop 68-70 Dennis L. Schmitt, Deborah Olson & Heidi S. Riddle Report of Three Twin Births in Captive Asian Elephants 71 Jayantha Jayewardene Recent Publications on Asian Elephants 72-83 Book Review: “Sri Lankan Elephant” by Vajira Wijegunawardane 84 News Briefs 85-91 Gajah 33 (2010) 1-2 Editorial Heidi S. Riddle (Member Editorial Board) This journal, Gajah, is the IUCN Asian Elephant difficult to get a consensus response to the Specialist Group (AsESG)’s best asset. Through above questions. But one thing is clear; there is submitted reports, notes, and manuscripts, Gajah room for improvement and a need to expand the presents a broad array of views and knowledge, overall approach to education in the context of and offers input on a wide range of elephant elephant conservation. Education and awareness conservation issues. Gajah addresses the most programs are often treated as secondary issues important reason for the existence of this group in conservation work; yet effective education, – sharing ideas, experiences, and challenges especially in local communities where elephants regarding elephant conservation. are present, is one of the most important components of wildlife conservation. Through this primary communication tool, the AsESG takes part in conservation education. Elephant conservation is not solely the Members of the AsESG have a responsibility to responsibility of wildlife experts; a variety of promote and support ongoing public education skills are beneficial, as no single area of expertise about elephant conservation by sharing can fully implement successful conservation information, creating awareness of problems work. Existing tools and knowledge should be and issues facing elephants, and encouraging used more effectively to address education as a advocacy. Is the AsESG membership truly significant facet of conservation. There are many capitalizing on its role in education, and has the ways to educate; contributing a manuscript to a effectiveness of conservation education been journal such as Gajah is only
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