DOCSLIB.ORG

Sri Lanka's Fifth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sri Lanka's Fifth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity Sri Lanka’s Fifth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity Sri Lanka’s SRi LaNka’S FiFth NatioNaL RepoRt to the CoNveNtioN oN BioLogiCaL DiveRSity 2014 2014 Biodiversity Secretariat Ministry of Environment & Renewable Energy Sri Lanka’s Fifth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity 2014 Biodiversity Secretariat Ministry of Environment & Renewable Energy Sri Lanka’s Fifth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity 2014 Copyright © Biodiversity Secretariat, Ministry of Environment & Renewable Energy 2014 All right reserved Biodiversity Secretariat Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy 980/5, Wickramasinghe Place, Ethul Kotte, Sri Lanka Tel : +94 11 2883374 Email: [email protected] Editor and Team Leader: Mr.Herath M. Bandaratillake Compilers: Part I - Dr. Jinie S. Dela Part II - Prof. Udith Jayasinghe Part III - Mr. M.G.W.M.W.T.B. Dissanayake Front Cover Photos: George Van der Poorten Mendis Wickramasinghe Arjan Rajasuriya Back Cover Photos: Upul Wickramasinghe Chanuka Maheshani Sachintha Rajapakse Manoj Prasanna The Photographs in this document cannot be used without permission from the copyright holder SRI LANKA’S FIFTH NATIONAL REPORT TO THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY, 2014 Contents List of Abbreviations v List of Tables vii List of Boxes viii List of Figures viii Acknowledgements ix Message x Foreword xi Executive Summary xii Part 1: An update on biodiversity status, trends and threats, and implications for human well being 2 1. 1 Introduction 2 1.1.1 Sri Lanka’s exceptional biodiversity: ecosystems and species: update 2 1.1.2 What this report contains 3 1.2 National and global Importance of Sri Lanka’s biodiversity 3 1.2.1 Insight into the earth’s evolutionary past 3 1.2.2 Exceptional diversity, endemism and relict species 4 1.2.3 Ecosystems of global importance 7 1.2.4 Role of biodiversity for provision of ecosystem services 8 1.2.4.1. Examples of economically important ecosystem services 14 - Tourism sector 14 - Agriculture sector 15 - Fisheries sector 18 - Energy sector 19 - Water sector 20 - Health sector 20 - Bio-prospecting, bio-mimicry and natural product development 21 1.3 Current status, major changes and trends in the biodiversity 22 1.3.1 Trends in Protected Areas 22 1.3.2 Trends in Forest Systems 24 1.3.2.1 Natural forests 24 1.3.2.2 Forest Plantations 26 1.3.2.3 Grasslands 26 1.3.3 Trends in Non-Forest tree resources 26 1.3.4 Trends in Wetlands 27 1.3.5 Trends in Coastal and Marine systems 28 iv 1.3.5.1 Coral reefs 28 1.3.5.2 Mangroves and Salt Marshes 28 1.3.5.3 Seagrass beds 28 1.3.5.4 Lagoons and Estuaries 29 1.3.5.5 Sustainability of the Coastal and Marine Biodiversity 29 1.3.5.6 Positive action taken to conserve coastal and marine biodiversity 29 1.3.6 Trends in Agricultural systems and livestock breeding 30 1.3.6.1 Agricultural systems 30 1.3.6.2 Livestock Sector 31 1.4 Major threats to biodiversity in the country 32 1.4.1 Threats to terrestrial wild species 35 1.4.2 Threats to wild relatives of crops 36 1.5 Impacts of change in biodiversity for ecosystem services 37 1.5.1 Impacts of habitat loss, fragmentation and degradation 37 1.5.2 Impacts of pollution 38 1.5.3 Impact of over exploitation of biological resources 38 1.5.4 Impact of the spread of Invasive Alien Species (IAS) 39 1.5.5 Escalation of human-wildlife conflict 39 1.5.6 Reduced potential for crop enhancement and bio-prospecting 40 1.6 Possible future changes in biodiversity and their impacts 40 Part II: The National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, Its implementation and the mainstreaming of biodiversity 44 2.1 Introduction 44 2.1.1 Thematic programs and cross-cutting issues established by the CBD 44 2.1.2 National Goal and Broad Objectives of Biodiversity Conservation 45 2.2 The biodiversity targets set by Sri Lanka 46 2.3 Updating the NBSAP to incorporate targets 47 2.4 Actions taken to implement the convention since Fourth NR 47 2.5 Effectiveness of mainstreaming biodiversity 68 2.51 Projects and programs 69 2.5.2 Other significant institutional programmes 71 2.5.3 Mobilize stakeholders 72 2.5.4 Further improvements 72 v SRI LANKA’S FIFTH NATIONAL REPORT TO THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY, 2014 2.6 Progress of implementation of the NBSAP 72 2.6.1 Implementation of Recommended Actions under the BCAP thematic areas 73 2.6.1.1 Progress Related to “Forests” 73 2.6.1.2 Progress related to “Wetlands” 73 2.6.1.3 Progress related to “Coastal and Marine Systems” 74 2.6.1.4 Progress related to “Agricultural Systems” 74 2.6.1.5 Breakdown on level of achievement of BCAP recommended actions 74 2.6.2 Implementation of Priority Recommendations in the Addendum 75 Part III: Progress towards the 2020 Aichi Biodiversity Targets and Contributions to the relevant Millennium Development Goals 78 3.1 Introduction 78 3.2 Progress towards the implementation of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 and its Aichi Biodiversity Targets 78 3.2.1 Strategic Goal A: Address the causes of biodiversity loss 79 3.2.2 Strategic Goal B: Reduce the pressures on biodiversity 83 3.2.3 Strategic Goal C: Improve the status of biodiversity 90 3.2.4 Strategic Goal D: Enhance the benefits to all from biodiversity 94 3.2.5 Strategic Goal E: Enhance implementation through participatory approaches 96 3.3 The contribution of actions to implement the convention towards the Achievement of the relevant targets of the MDGs in Sri Lanka 104 3.4 Lessons learned from the implementation of CBD in Sri Lanka 106 Appendices: Appendix I: Information concerning the reporting Party and preparation of the fifth national report 107 Appendix II: Further sources of information 113 Annexes: Annex 1: Detailed case studies of the Central Highlands World Heritage Site 120 Annex 2: Impacts of actions implemented for prevention/mitigation of threats 122 vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank Aus AID Australian Agency for International Development CARP Council for Agricultural Research Policy CB Central Bank CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CCA Coast Conservation Act CCD Coast Conservation Department CCD Coast Conservation Department CEA Central Environmental Authority CWR Crop Wild Relatives CZMP Coastal Zone Management Plan DAPH Department of Animal Production & Health DAPH Department of Animal Production and Health DAU Department of Ayurveda DEA Department of Export Agriculture DEA Department of Export Agriculture NARESA Natural Resources, Energy and Science Authority of Sri Lanka DNBG Department of National Botanic Gardens DNZG Department of National Zoological Gardens DoA Department of Agriculture DoEA Department of Export Agriculture DWLC Department of Wildlife Conservation EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIMS Environmental Information Management System EN Endangered species EPA Environmental Protection Area FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations FCRDI Field Crop Research and Development Institute FD Forest Department FFPO Fauna and Flora Protection Ordinance FFPO Fauna and Flora Protection Ordinance FNR Fifth National Report FO Forest Ordinance FO Forest Ordinance FR Forest Reserves FSMP Forestry Sector Master Plan GEF Global Environment Facility GIS Geographical Information System GOSL Government of Sri Lanka HORDI Horticultural Research and Development Institute vii SRI LANKA’S FIFTH NATIONAL REPORT TO THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY, 2014 IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources IWMI International Water Management Institute KDN Kanneliya-Dediyagala-Nakiyadeniya Forest Complex MAB UNESCO Man and Biosphere Programme MEPA Marine Environment Protection Authority MoERE Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy NAQDA National Aquaculture Development Authority NARA National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency NCR National Conservation Review NCR National Conservation Review NGO Non Governmental Organization NHWAA National Heritage and Wilderness Areas Act NSC National Steering Committee NSF The National Science Foundation NTFP Non Timber Forest Products NTFP Non Timber Forest Products NWP National Wetland Policy OSF Other State Forest PA Protected Area PGRC Plant Genetic Resource Centre RRDI Rice Research and Development Institute UNCCD UN Convention to Combat Désertification UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNESCO United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization VRI Veterinary Research Institute WCMC World Conservation and Monitoring Center WCP Wetland Conservation Project viii LIST OF TablES Table 1: Specific objectives and recommended actions listed under BCAP thematic area Table 2: The Progress of Achieving Aichi Biodiversity Targets Table 1.1: Ecosystem diversity in Sri Lanka: status and trends Table 1.2: Species diversity among selected groups of Sri Lanka’s fauna and flora in terrestrial and freshwater wetlands Table 1.3: Species diversity among selected groups of fauna in coastal and marine systems Table 1.4: Summary of floriculture exports for Sri Lanka by product category from 2009-2013 Table 1.5: Number and extent of protected areas administered by FD and the DWLC Table 1.6: Changes in area under International Protected Areas and Ramsar sites Table 1.7: Comparison of forest cover in Sri Lanka in 1992, 1999 and 2010 Table 1.8: Threats identified for major forest types during the 2012 Red listing exercise Table1.9: Trends in germplasm collection status by crop group at the PGRC Table 1.10: Summary of main threats to biodiversity in Sri Lanka Table 1.11: Changing threat status of indigenous
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Classification of Living and Fossil Genera of Decapod Crustaceans
    RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2009 Supplement No. 21: 1–109 Date of Publication: 15 Sep.2009 © National University of Singapore A CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING AND FOSSIL GENERA OF DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS Sammy De Grave1, N. Dean Pentcheff 2, Shane T. Ahyong3, Tin-Yam Chan4, Keith A. Crandall5, Peter C. Dworschak6, Darryl L. Felder7, Rodney M. Feldmann8, Charles H. J. M. Fransen9, Laura Y. D. Goulding1, Rafael Lemaitre10, Martyn E. Y. Low11, Joel W. Martin2, Peter K. L. Ng11, Carrie E. Schweitzer12, S. H. Tan11, Dale Tshudy13, Regina Wetzer2 1Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PW, United Kingdom [email protected] [email protected] 2Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90007 United States of America [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 3Marine Biodiversity and Biosecurity, NIWA, Private Bag 14901, Kilbirnie Wellington, New Zealand [email protected] 4Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan, Republic of China [email protected] 5Department of Biology and Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602 United States of America [email protected] 6Dritte Zoologische Abteilung, Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien, Austria [email protected] 7Department of Biology, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA 70504 United States of America [email protected] 8Department of Geology, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242 United States of America [email protected] 9Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands [email protected] 10Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, 10th and Constitution Avenue, Washington, DC 20560 United States of America [email protected] 11Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 12Department of Geology, Kent State University Stark Campus, 6000 Frank Ave.
    [Show full text]
  • Performance Report-2010-English
    1 2 List of Tables Page Table 1.1: Special Project Proposals Qualified for Funding 5 Table 1.2: Progress of Action Plan Activities in 2010. 6 Table 2.1: Rehabilitation and Construction of Water Bodies in 2010 7 Table 2.2: Rehabilitation of PA Road Network in 2010 8 Table 2.3: Survey and Demarcation of Protected Area Boundaries in 2010. 9 Table 2.4: Sign Boards Established in 2010 10 Table 2.5: Management of Grasslands in Wildlife Regions in 2010 11 Table 2.6: Removal of Invasive Species in 2010 11 Table 2.7: Maintenance of Fire Belts in 2010 11 Table 2.8: Wildlife Conservation Activities under Moragahakanda Project in 2010 12 Table 2.9: Wildlife Conservation Activities under Weheragala Project in 2010 12 Table 3.1: Number of Cases Prosecuted in 2010 14 Table 3.2: Progress of Action Plan Activities for 2010 15 Table 4.1: Regional Distribution of Elephant Deaths from 2006-2010 16 Table 4.2: Regional Distribution of Human Deaths 17 Table 4.3: Regional Distribution of Injuries to Human due to Elephant Attacks (2006-2010) 18 Table 4.4: Regional Distribution of Property Damages (2006-2010) 19 Table 4.5: New Electric Fences erected in 2010 21 Table 4.6: Procurement of Thunder Flares and Serphent Flares in 2010 22 Table 4.7: Distribution of the Thunder Flares and Serphent Flares in 2010 22 Table 4.8: Compensation Paid in 2010 22 Table 4.9: Capture and Translocation of Elephants in 2010 23 Table 4.10: Elephant Drives in 2010 24 Table 4.11: Gajamithuro Project – Progress in 2010 24 Table 5.1: Research Studies Undertaken by DWC Staff in 2010 26 Table 5.2: Collaborative Research Projects for 2010 27 Table 5.3: Short-term Special Training Programmes Conducted for Wildlife Officers in 2010 29 Table 5.4 : Regular Training Programmes Conducted at NWTRC in 2010 30 Table 5.5 Awareness programmes conducted by NWTRC 31 Table 5.6 Financial Progress of NWTRC 31 Table 5.7: Foreign Training Programmes Participated by Wildlife Officers in 2010 32 Table 5.8: Seminars, Exhibitions and Awareness Programmes Conducted in 2010.
    [Show full text]
  • Part I. an Annotated Checklist of Extant Brachyuran Crabs of the World
    THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2008 17: 1–286 Date of Publication: 31 Jan.2008 © National University of Singapore SYSTEMA BRACHYURORUM: PART I. AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF EXTANT BRACHYURAN CRABS OF THE WORLD Peter K. L. Ng Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260, Republic of Singapore Email: [email protected] Danièle Guinot Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Département Milieux et peuplements aquatiques, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France Email: [email protected] Peter J. F. Davie Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT. – An annotated checklist of the extant brachyuran crabs of the world is presented for the first time. Over 10,500 names are treated including 6,793 valid species and subspecies (with 1,907 primary synonyms), 1,271 genera and subgenera (with 393 primary synonyms), 93 families and 38 superfamilies. Nomenclatural and taxonomic problems are reviewed in detail, and many resolved. Detailed notes and references are provided where necessary. The constitution of a large number of families and superfamilies is discussed in detail, with the positions of some taxa rearranged in an attempt to form a stable base for future taxonomic studies. This is the first time the nomenclature of any large group of decapod crustaceans has been examined in such detail. KEY WORDS. – Annotated checklist, crabs of the world, Brachyura, systematics, nomenclature. CONTENTS Preamble .................................................................................. 3 Family Cymonomidae .......................................... 32 Caveats and acknowledgements ............................................... 5 Family Phyllotymolinidae .................................... 32 Introduction .............................................................................. 6 Superfamily DROMIOIDEA ..................................... 33 The higher classification of the Brachyura ........................
    [Show full text]
  • Potential Risks of Plant Invasions in Protected Areas of Sri Lanka Under Climate Change with Special Reference to Threatened Vertebrates
    Electronic Supplementary Materials Journal: Climate Potential Risks of Plant Invasions in Protected Areas of Sri Lanka under Climate Change with Special Reference to Threatened Vertebrates Champika Kariyawasam1,2,*, Lalit Kumar1 and Sujith Ratnayake1,2 Table S1. Fourteen priority IAPS used for MaxEnt model run (adapted from MMD&E [1]). NP = national park; SNR = strict nature reserve. Life form Affected climatic Referen Species Common (Year of Mechanism Impact zones (Protected ce (Family) name introductio areas) n) Reduce native Wet zone Alstonia Compete for Hard Tree species (Peak Wilderness macrophylla resources [2] milkwood (unknown) regeneration sanctuary, Sinharaja (Apocynaceae) and Hantana forests) Grow rapidly and Convert wetlands Wet zone Annona glabra Pond Tree produce high into terrestrial (Muthurajawela [3-4] (Annonaceae) apple (unknown) biomass ecosystems wetland sanctuary) Montane zone (Knuckles forest, Austroeupatoriu Inhibit natural Austroeup Shrub Exclude native Horton Plains NP, m inulifolium succession by native [5] atorium (unknown) woody species Peak wilderness (Asteraceae) species sanctuary, Hakgala SNR) Clidemia hirta Soapbush, Compete with Alter forest Wet zone (Melastomatace Koster's Herb (1894) native species in [6] regeneration (Sinharaja forest) ae) curse gaps Dillenia Alter soil physical Impact nutrient Shrubby Tree Lowland wet zone suffruticosa and chemical absorption of [7] Dillenia (1882) (Sinharaja forest) (Dilleniaceae) properties native plants Suppress undergrowth plant Shade out native species plants
    [Show full text]
  • Sri Lanka AARK Amphibian Conservation Planning Tool Master
    Amphibian Ark species prioritization workshop Page 1 Species in the In Situ Conservation Role 22 species Species for which mitigation of threats in the wild may still bring about their successful conservation. Species Threat Mitigation Protected Comments Habitat Nannophrys marmorata Threats are reversible in time frame Yes Record of 21 dead specimens in one location (Knuckles, Pitawala Pathana). Record of another local extinction (3 years ago) owing to Forestry Department habitat modifications (Mohomad Bahir knows the record site - [email protected]) but apparently has been recorded recently (wet season). Easy to reverse the threat (return the rocks back and protect the the microhabitat). In situ work is possible to reverse the threats. Tadpoles with semi- terrestrial behaviour; living on wet rock films (only a few species have this adaptation). There is a tourism development that use the frog as an attraction but it's not dependant on the frog. Educational potential: uniqueness of the tadpoles, Knuckles area should be using the species as a flagship to protect them and the habitat. Adenomus kandianus Threats are reversible in time frame Yes Mendis Wickramasinghe ([email protected]) presented the re-discovery of the species. Paper in process. One location in a protected habitat. 60 individuals in an area of 100 m2. No indications of threats except the limited factor of small single population. Considerations to suggest to protect the area for long-term conservation. The 60 individuals were recorded after several days of survey. Educational potential: rediscovery of extinct frog. Microhyla karunaratnei Threats are reversible in time frame Yes Disagreement between possibility of reversing the threats in time.
    [Show full text]
  • National Wetland DIRECTORY of Sri Lanka
    National Wetland DIRECTORY of Sri Lanka Central Environmental Authority National Wetland Directory of Sri Lanka This publication has been jointly prepared by the Central Environmental Authority (CEA), The World Conservation Union (IUCN) in Sri Lanka and the International Water Management Institute (IWMI). The preparation and printing of this document was carried out with the financial assistance of the Royal Netherlands Embassy in Sri Lanka. i The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the CEA, IUCN or IWMI concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the CEA, IUCN or IWMI. This publication has been jointly prepared by the Central Environmental Authority (CEA), The World Conservation Union (IUCN) Sri Lanka and the International Water Management Institute (IWMI). The preparation and publication of this directory was undertaken with financial assistance from the Royal Netherlands Government. Published by: The Central Environmental Authority (CEA), The World Conservation Union (IUCN) and the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Colombo, Sri Lanka. Copyright: © 2006, The Central Environmental Authority (CEA), International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources and the International Water Management Institute. Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorised without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder.
    [Show full text]
  • Meet the Amphibian Ark's Steering Committee! (Part 2) Sri Lankan Amphibian Conservation Needs Assessment Workshop Amphibian Hu
    AArk Newsletter No. 9, December 2009 Meet the Amphibian Ark’s The Amphibian Ark team is pleased to send you the latest edition of our e- Steering Committee! (Part 2) newsletter. We hope you enjoy reading it. Sri Lankan Amphibian The Amphibian Ark Conservation Needs Assessment workshop Meet the Amphibian Ark’s Steering Committee! (Part 2) Kevin Zippel, Program Director, Amphibian Ark Amphibian husbandry training in In the last AArk Newsletter we got to know some of the members of the AArk Brazil Steering Committee. In this issue, we'd like to introduce some of the other members, and our new WAZA representative, Chris West. Amphibian Ark Husbandry Read More >> Essentials workshop, Panama Sri Lankan Amphibian Conservation Needs Assessment Sri Lankan capacity-building workshop extravaganza Richard Gibson, Taxon Officer, Amphibian Ark An Amphibian Conservation Needs Assessment workshop was recently held in Sri Amphibian Conservation Lanka, and facillitated by AArk Taxon Officer Richard Gibson. Research Guide Read More >> The FrogMatters internet blog – Posts from the Amphibian Ark Amphibian husbandry training in Brazil Ron Gagliardo, Training Officer, Amphibian Ark GoodSearch.org – Supporting the Over thirty students attended the first AArk Amphibian Husbandry Workshop in Amphibian Ark has never been Brazil in September. This workshop followed the AArk Conservation Needs easier! Assessment workshop that was held in Sao Paulo in August. Read More >> Chytrid fungus: new developments in our understanding Amphibian Ark Husbandry Essentials workshop, Panama Ron Gagliardo, Training Officer, Amphibian Ark Amphibians in the news A three-day husbandry training course was held in October in El Valle de Anton, Panama. The agenda covered specific husbandry techniques, captive reproduction and climate control but also had special focus on veterinary care, health and Darwin’s frog conservation efforts nutrition and food colonies.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents Tables
    TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLES ................................................................................................................... v FIGURES ................................................................................................................ vii INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 01 PLANNING & ICT DIVISION 1.1. Main Activities and Responsibilities.......................................................................... .5 1.2. Performance 2018........................................................................................................ .5 Chapter 02 NATURAL RESOURSE DIVISION 2.1. Main Activities and Responsibilities.......................................................................... 9 2.2. Establishment of Protected Area Network………………………………………………9 2.3. Habitat Enrichment for Wildlife........................................................................... 11 2.4. Detail of Environment Assessment for Proposed Development projects in 2018. 13 2.5.Development projects implemented under the provisions of ther institutions.................14 Chapter 03 LAW ENFORCEMENT DIVISION 3.1. Main Activities and Responsibilities......................................................................... 16 3.2. Performance Detail.................................................................................................... 16 3.2.1. Implementation of Fauna and Flora Protection Ordinance ..........................................16
    [Show full text]
  • Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae), with Descriptions of Four New Species from Southwestern Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia
    Zootaxa 3946 (3): 331–346 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3946.3.2 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:24E2F41D-89BF-473F-ACE0-ED951BCB2699 The identity of the semiterrestrial crab Terrathelphusa kuchingensis (Nobili, 1901) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae), with descriptions of four new species from southwestern Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia JONGKAR GRINANG1,3 & PETER K. L. NG2 1Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia. E-mail: [email protected] 2Lee Kong Chian Natural History, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore. E-mail:[email protected] 3Corresponding author Abstract Four new species of semiterrestrial gecarcinucid crabs are described from limestone and sandstone habitats in southwestern Sarawak, Malaysia: Terrathelphusa aglaia n. sp., T. cerina n. sp., T. kundong n. sp., and T. mas n. sp. The taxonomy of T. kuchingensis (Nobili, 1901) is discussed, its precise identity ascertained from fresh material, and its actual distribution determined. This increases the number of Terrathelphusa species in Borneo to eight. Key words: limestone, sandstone, Bau, Gunung Penrissen, Southeast Asia Introduction The semiterrestrial gecarcinucid genus Terrathelphusa Ng, 1989, is currently represented by six species from Borneo and Java, namely T. chilensis (Heller, 1862) (= Geothelphusa modesta De Man, 1892) (Java), T. kuchingensis (Nobili, 1901) (southwestern Sarawak), T. kuhli (De Man, 1883) (type species, west Java), T. loxophthalma (De Man, 1892) (Kalimantan), T. ovis Ng, 1997 (northeastern Sarawak), and T.
    [Show full text]
  • Sri Lanka Island Tour (19 Days / 18 Nights)
    Sri Lanka Island Tour (19 Days / 18 Nights) AIRPORT - NEGOMBO DAY 01 Arrival at the Bandaranayake International Airport, meet your driver/guide and transfer to the first hotel in Negombo by a luxury car. Visits: Colonial Dutch Fort Close to the seafront near the lagoon mouth are the ruins of the old Dutch fort, which has a fine gateway inscribed with the date 1678. Also there is a green, called the Esplanade, where cricket matches are a big attraction. As the fort grounds are now occupied by the town’s prison, the only way you’ll get a peek inside is by committing a serious crime. You’d need to be very interested in old Dutch architecture to go to such lengths. Dutch Canal The boat ride/safari that takes you along the colonial Dutch canal which runs through Waikkal, gives you snap shots of bird life, essentially comprising waders, stunning kingfishers, rare pied kingfishers, bee-eaters, Brahminy kites, etc. Water monitors, bearing an uncanny resemblance to crocodiles, are also bound to make an appearance, so keep your eye out for a glimpse! You can prolong your boat journey by following the canal onto the sea, where you can continue onwards to Negombo where you can stop at the town, do some shopping and return via boat to Waikkal. 2nd biggest Fish Market in Sri Lanka The Negombo Fishing Village, also known as the Lellama by the locals, is located across the lagoon bridge, near the Old Dutch Gate. The large open air fish market is the second largest in the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Visit Hikkaduwa - Hikkaduwa Is Known for Strong Surf and Beaches
    (16 Days & 15 Nights) Day 01 : Meet the driver at the Airport and stay in Negombo or Katunayaka. Day 02 : Visit Hikkaduwa - Hikkaduwa is known for strong surf and beaches. The shallow waters opposite Hikkaduwa Beach shelter the Hikkaduwa National Park, which is a coral sanctuary and home to marine turtles and exotic fish. Night stay in Unawatuna Day 03 : Visit Unawatuna - Nestled in nearby jungle, the Japanese Peace Pagoda has a stupa with ocean views. The Sea Turtle Farm and Hatchery south of town protects endangered species. Visit Galle - Galle is a city on the southwest coast of Sri Lanka. It’s known for Galle Fort, the fortified old city founded by Portuguese colonists in the 16th century. Stone sea walls, expanded by the Dutch, encircle car-free streets with architecture reflecting Portuguese, Dutch and British rule. Notable buildings include the 18th-century Dutch Reformed Church. Galle Lighthouse stands on the fort’s southeast tip. Night stay in Unawatuna Day 04 : Mirissa - Mirissa's beach and nightlife make it a popular tourist destination. It is also a fishing port and one of the island's main whale and dolphin watching locations. Drive to Tissamaharama - It used to be the capital of the Sinhalese Kingdom of Ruhuna as early as the 3rd century B.C.There are five main lakes in the vicinity of Tissamaharama: Tissa Wewa; Yoda Wewa; Weerawila Wewa; Pannegamuwa Wewa; and Debarawewa Wewa. The town mainly serves as a starting point for visits to Yala National Park and Kataragama. Night stay in Tissamaharama Day 05 : Drive to do the safari in Yala National Park Yala half day / full day safari - Yala National Park is a huge area of forest, grassland and lagoons bordering the Indian Ocean, in southeast Sri Lanka.
    [Show full text]
  • Department of Wildlife Conservation for the Year 2011
    කාය සාධන වාතාව --- 2012012011201 111 වන සංරෂණ ෙදපාතෙව nrayhw;Wif mwpf;if --- 2011 tdrPtuhrpfs; ghJfhg;G jpizf;fsk; Performance Report – 2011 Department of Wildlife Conservation 1 ii List of Tables Table 1.1: Special Project Proposals Qualified for Funding 5 Table 1.2 : Progress of Action Plan Activities in 2011. 6 Table 2.1: Boundary Demarcation in 2011 7 Table 2.2: Establishment / Rehabilitation of Sign Boards in 2011 8 Table 2.3: Management of Grasslands in Wildlife Regions in 2011 9 Table 2.4: Removal of Invasive Species in 2011 9 Table 2.5: Wildlife Conservation Activities under Moragahakanda Project in 2011 10 Table 2.6: Tree Planting Programmes in 2011 10 Table 2.7: Wildlife Conservation Activities under Moragahakanda Project in 2011 10 Table 3.1: Number of Cases Prosecuted in 2011 12 Table 3.2: Progress of Action Plan Activities for 2011 13 Table 4.1: Regional Distribution of Elephant Deaths from 2007-2011 14 Table 4.2: Regional Distribution of Human Deaths 15 Table 4.3: Regional Distribution of Injuries to Human due to Elephant Attacks (2007-2011) 16 Table 4.4: Regional Distribution of Property Damages (2007-2011) 17 Table 4.5: New Electric Fences (EF) Erected in 2011 19 Table 4.6: Procurement of Thunder Flares and Serpent Flares in 2011 19 Table 4.7: Distribution of the Thunder Flares and Serpent Flares in 2011 20 Table 4.8: Compensation Paid in 2011 20 Table 4.9: Capture and Translocation of Elephants (2007-2011) 20 Table 4.10: : Gajamithuro Project – Progress in 2011 21-22 Table 4.11: Elephant Drives in 2011 22 Table 5.1: Research Studies Undertaken by DWC Staff in 2011 23 Table 5.2: Collaborative Research Projects for 2012 24 Table 5.3: Special short term Training programmes conducted for Wildlife Officers in 2011 25 Table 5.4 : Regular Training Programmes Conducted at NWTRC in 2011 26 Table 5.
    [Show full text]