DOCSLIB.ORG

Sri Lanka AARK Amphibian Conservation Planning Tool Master

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sri Lanka AARK Amphibian Conservation Planning Tool Master Amphibian Ark species prioritization workshop Page 1 Species in the In Situ Conservation Role 22 species Species for which mitigation of threats in the wild may still bring about their successful conservation. Species Threat Mitigation Protected Comments Habitat Nannophrys marmorata Threats are reversible in time frame Yes Record of 21 dead specimens in one location (Knuckles, Pitawala Pathana). Record of another local extinction (3 years ago) owing to Forestry Department habitat modifications (Mohomad Bahir knows the record site - [email protected]) but apparently has been recorded recently (wet season). Easy to reverse the threat (return the rocks back and protect the the microhabitat). In situ work is possible to reverse the threats. Tadpoles with semi- terrestrial behaviour; living on wet rock films (only a few species have this adaptation). There is a tourism development that use the frog as an attraction but it's not dependant on the frog. Educational potential: uniqueness of the tadpoles, Knuckles area should be using the species as a flagship to protect them and the habitat. Adenomus kandianus Threats are reversible in time frame Yes Mendis Wickramasinghe ([email protected]) presented the re-discovery of the species. Paper in process. One location in a protected habitat. 60 individuals in an area of 100 m2. No indications of threats except the limited factor of small single population. Considerations to suggest to protect the area for long-term conservation. The 60 individuals were recorded after several days of survey. Educational potential: rediscovery of extinct frog. Microhyla karunaratnei Threats are reversible in time frame Yes Disagreement between possibility of reversing the threats in time. Sites where it is found are ecologically very different. Anslem de Silva- has recorded this spp. in long cultivated plantations but currently no clear understanding of stability of populations. Propose need for research to continue monitoring populations inhuman modified habitats (Anslem de Silva - [email protected]). Philautus macropus Threats are reversible in time frame Yes Highland frog living on the peaks. Its believed the area of occupancy is bigger. Potentially downlist to Endangered. Philautus ocularis Threats are reversible in time frame Yes Species could be affected by climate change. Philautus procax Threats are reversible in time frame Yes Still only one known location. Philautus simba Threats are reversible in time frame Yes High elevation species. Philautus asankai Threats are reversible in time frame Yes Species is dispersing into human modified habitats. Good analogue for breeding P. hoffmanni. Good display species (colourful and display during the day). 11/18/2009 Amphibian Ark species prioritization workshop Page 2 Species Threat Mitigation Protected Comments Habitat Philautus decoris Threats are reversible in time frame Yes Taxonomy review (one location for one species). Species mostly present on private land without special care for the protection (Morningside) but protecting the site will assure the species. Bred in captivity. Philautus fulvus Threats are reversible in time frame Yes Forest fires is an additional threat in Knuckles. Record of 20 individuals in Riverstone in an area of 10 x 10m (published). They're found in anthropogenic habitats (even in toilets). Malformations in this species has been published. Looks like the Polypedates maculatus (being found in toilets too) and both "urinate" when jumping to escape and people believe the urine can cause infection. Philautus limbus Threats are reversible in time frame Yes Different colour varieties shown to be one species by genetic work (Madhava Meegaskumbura - [email protected]). Found throughout southwestern hills but in one locality after 5 days of survey only one specimen was found. Philautus mooreorum Threats are reversible in time frame Yes Multiple locations in Knuckles Peaks but doesn't effect overall occurrence. Climate change issues affecting the species too. Philautus pleurotaenia Threats are reversible in time frame No Two new locations to add in the distribution (total of four) - only known protected area frogs are actually found outside. Good display spp as colourful. Husbandry analogue for P.hoipolloi. Philautus sarasinorum Threats are reversible in time frame Yes Forest species. New localities known - Imesh Nuwan Bandara ([email protected]). Philautus steineri Threats are reversible in time frame Yes Philautus tanu Threats are reversible in time frame Yes All sites are protected, though a forest edge species - see draft Red List Assessement. Philautus zorro Threats are reversible in time frame Yes New threat domestic/feral cats. Husbandry analogue for P.cuspis. Ramanella palmata Threats are reversible in time frame Yes Lead contamination of water a new threat, blowing in from the cities and pecticides. Hylarana aurantiaca Threats are reversible in time frame Yes Species' is likely a 3 species complex. A paper is in process that will shed light on this. Severity of threats are therefore unknown due to the uncertainty over taxonomy Harvested eggs have been reared up to adults in captivity. Ichthyophis orthoplicatus Threats are reversible in time frame No Not recorded in protected areas - Mohomad Bahir ([email protected]). Before strawberry season starts they treat the soil with insecticide which has been shown to kill the caecilians (Anslem de Silva - [email protected]). Philautus hallidayi Threats are reversible in time frame Yes Located along stream beds of tropical forest. Very uncommon in small sites. Educational value: in a large display exhibit of amphibians it would be a good example for rock/camouflage species and unique lifestyle on rocks. 11/18/2009 Amphibian Ark species prioritization workshop Page 3 Species Threat Mitigation Protected Comments Habitat Ramanella nagaoi Threats are reversible in time frame Yes There are several new locations recorded since the last review (even in lowlands). Approximately 10 new locations. Locally very common. Populations depend a lot on the availability of tree holes in the forest. There is competition with tree breeding crab for the tree holes. If there is not logging the habitat is good for them. Contact person Madura de Silva ([email protected]). Pilot study of creating artificial holes for breeding. Studies running on tadpole feeding. Commensalism between a tarantula and the frog (debris of the spider feed the tadpoles). Analogue species for R. palmata. Educational value: easy to display the eggs and tadpoles therefore an opportunity to demonstrate the breeding biology and an example of conservation intervention. 11/18/2009 Amphibian Ark species prioritization workshop Page 4 11/18/2009 Amphibian Ark species prioritization workshop Page 5 11/18/2009 Amphibian Ark species prioritization workshop Page 6 11/18/2009.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Meet the Amphibian Ark's Steering Committee! (Part 2) Sri Lankan Amphibian Conservation Needs Assessment Workshop Amphibian Hu
    AArk Newsletter No. 9, December 2009 Meet the Amphibian Ark’s The Amphibian Ark team is pleased to send you the latest edition of our e- Steering Committee! (Part 2) newsletter. We hope you enjoy reading it. Sri Lankan Amphibian The Amphibian Ark Conservation Needs Assessment workshop Meet the Amphibian Ark’s Steering Committee! (Part 2) Kevin Zippel, Program Director, Amphibian Ark Amphibian husbandry training in In the last AArk Newsletter we got to know some of the members of the AArk Brazil Steering Committee. In this issue, we'd like to introduce some of the other members, and our new WAZA representative, Chris West. Amphibian Ark Husbandry Read More >> Essentials workshop, Panama Sri Lankan Amphibian Conservation Needs Assessment Sri Lankan capacity-building workshop extravaganza Richard Gibson, Taxon Officer, Amphibian Ark An Amphibian Conservation Needs Assessment workshop was recently held in Sri Amphibian Conservation Lanka, and facillitated by AArk Taxon Officer Richard Gibson. Research Guide Read More >> The FrogMatters internet blog – Posts from the Amphibian Ark Amphibian husbandry training in Brazil Ron Gagliardo, Training Officer, Amphibian Ark GoodSearch.org – Supporting the Over thirty students attended the first AArk Amphibian Husbandry Workshop in Amphibian Ark has never been Brazil in September. This workshop followed the AArk Conservation Needs easier! Assessment workshop that was held in Sao Paulo in August. Read More >> Chytrid fungus: new developments in our understanding Amphibian Ark Husbandry Essentials workshop, Panama Ron Gagliardo, Training Officer, Amphibian Ark Amphibians in the news A three-day husbandry training course was held in October in El Valle de Anton, Panama. The agenda covered specific husbandry techniques, captive reproduction and climate control but also had special focus on veterinary care, health and Darwin’s frog conservation efforts nutrition and food colonies.
    [Show full text]
  • 2014 Conservation Outlook Assessment (Archived)
    IUCN World Heritage Outlook: https://worldheritageoutlook.iucn.org/ Central Highlands of Sri Lanka - 2014 Conservation Outlook Assessment (archived) IUCN Conservation Outlook Assessment 2014 (archived) Finalised on 15 June 2014 Please note: this is an archived Conservation Outlook Assessment for Central Highlands of Sri Lanka. To access the most up-to-date Conservation Outlook Assessment for this site, please visit https://www.worldheritageoutlook.iucn.org. Central Highlands of Sri Lanka SITE INFORMATION Country: Sri Lanka Inscribed in: 2010 Criteria: (ix) (x) Site description: Sri Lanka's highlands are situated in the south-central part of the island. The property comprises the Peak Wilderness Protected Area, the Horton Plains National Park and the Knuckles Conservation Forest. These montane forests, where the land rises to 2,500 metres above sea-level, are home to an extraordinary range of flora and fauna, including several endangered species such as the western-purple-faced langur, the Horton Plains slender loris and the Sri Lankan leopard. The region is considered a super biodiversity hotspot. © UNESCO IUCN World Heritage Outlook: https://worldheritageoutlook.iucn.org/ Central Highlands of Sri Lanka - 2014 Conservation Outlook Assessment (archived) SUMMARY 2014 Conservation Outlook Good with some concerns The Central Highlands of Sri Lanka were inscribed onto the World Heritage List in 2010 in recognition of the site’s values within one of the world’s richest concentrations of biodiversity. The site conserves the largest remaining stands of sub-montane and montane rainforest in Sri Lanka and protects the habitat of an assemblage of associated species displaying extraordinary levels of endemism, many of which are site endemic.
    [Show full text]
  • Sri Lanka's Fifth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity
    Sri Lanka’s Fifth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity Sri Lanka’s SRi LaNka’S FiFth NatioNaL RepoRt to the CoNveNtioN oN BioLogiCaL DiveRSity 2014 2014 Biodiversity Secretariat Ministry of Environment & Renewable Energy Sri Lanka’s Fifth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity 2014 Biodiversity Secretariat Ministry of Environment & Renewable Energy Sri Lanka’s Fifth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity 2014 Copyright © Biodiversity Secretariat, Ministry of Environment & Renewable Energy 2014 All right reserved Biodiversity Secretariat Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy 980/5, Wickramasinghe Place, Ethul Kotte, Sri Lanka Tel : +94 11 2883374 Email: [email protected] Editor and Team Leader: Mr.Herath M. Bandaratillake Compilers: Part I - Dr. Jinie S. Dela Part II - Prof. Udith Jayasinghe Part III - Mr. M.G.W.M.W.T.B. Dissanayake Front Cover Photos: George Van der Poorten Mendis Wickramasinghe Arjan Rajasuriya Back Cover Photos: Upul Wickramasinghe Chanuka Maheshani Sachintha Rajapakse Manoj Prasanna The Photographs in this document cannot be used without permission from the copyright holder SRI LANKA’S FIFTH NATIONAL REPORT TO THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY, 2014 Contents List of Abbreviations v List of Tables vii List of Boxes viii List of Figures viii Acknowledgements ix Message x Foreword xi Executive Summary xii Part 1: An update on biodiversity status, trends and threats, and implications for human well being 2 1. 1 Introduction 2 1.1.1 Sri Lanka’s exceptional biodiversity: ecosystems and species: update 2 1.1.2 What this report contains 3 1.2 National and global Importance of Sri Lanka’s biodiversity 3 1.2.1 Insight into the earth’s evolutionary past 3 1.2.2 Exceptional diversity, endemism and relict species 4 1.2.3 Ecosystems of global importance 7 1.2.4 Role of biodiversity for provision of ecosystem services 8 1.2.4.1.
    [Show full text]
  • High Res, 5.95 MB
    Figure 1. Oligodon arnensis, a non-endemic colubrid snake species found in the lowlands throughout the island, except the dry southeastern parts. Photo by Indraneil Das. amphibian-reptile-conservation.org 033 February 2012 | Volume 5 | Number 2 | e37 Copyright: © 2012 Erdelen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 5(2):33-51. original author and source are credited. Conservation of biodiversity in a hotspot: Sri Lanka’s amphibians and reptiles WALTER R. ERDELEN 115, route du Tertre, 91530 Sermaise, FRANCE Abstract.—Sri Lanka is a continental tropical island that is considered a hotspot for amphibian and reptile diversity. During the last decade herpetological research has substantially improved our knowledge of species and their taxonomic status. However, additional work is needed on ecology and population viability within the framework of human impacts on natural ecosystems. These hu- man induced activities have led to severe fragmentation of formerly continuous forest in the wet zone and central hills of Sri Lanka, where most endemic and threatened species occur. Here I dis- cuss current development in biodiversity issues regarding the Convention on Biological Diversity and their effects on the future of herpetofaunal conservation in Sri Lanka. To better understand Sri Lanka’s conservation challenges and threats I discuss the following topics: Sri Lanka’s biogeogra- phy; its extant ecosystems and landscapes along with the changes resulting from patterns of hu- man settlement; human population growth and its concomitant impact on natural ecosystems; and a brief history of herpetological studies in Sri Lanka.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 Journal Publications
    2019 Journal Publications January Akat, E. (2019). Histological and histochemical study on the mesonephric kidney of Pelophylaxbedriagae (Anura: Ranidae). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 43, pp.224-228. http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/issues/zoo-19-43-2/zoo-43-2-8-1807-24.pdf Araujo‐Vieira, K. Blotto, B. L. Caramaschi, U. Haddad, C. F. B. Faivovich, J. Grant, T. (2019). A total evidence analysis of the phylogeny of hatchet‐faced treefrogs (Anura: Hylidae: Sphaenorhynchus). Cladistics, Online, pp.1–18. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330509192_A_total_evidence_analysis_of_the_phyloge ny_of_hatchet-faced_treefrogs_Anura_Hylidae_Sphaenorhynchus Ayala, C. Ramos, A. Merlo, Á. Zambrano, L. (2019). Microhabitat selection of axolotls, Ambystoma mexicanum , in artificial and natural aquatic systems. Hydrobiologia, 828(1), pp.11-20. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10750-018-3792-8 Bélouard, N. Petit, E. J. Huteau, D. Oger, A. Paillisson, J-M. (2019). Fins are relevant non-lethal surrogates for muscle to measure stable isotopes in amphibians. Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, 420. https://www.kmae-journal.org/articles/kmae/pdf/2019/01/kmae180087.pdf Bernabò, I. Brunelli, E. (2019). Comparative morphological analysis during larval development of three syntopic newt species (Urodela: Salamandridae). The European Zoological Journal, 86(1), pp.38-53. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/24750263.2019.1568599 Berman, D. Bulakhova, N. Meshcheryakova, E. (2019). The Siberian wood frog survives for months underwater without oxygen. Scientific Reports, 9, pp.1-7 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-31974-6.pdf Bignotte-Giró, I. Fong G, A. López-Iborra, G. M. (2019). Acoustic niche partitioning in five Cuban frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Amphibian Fauna of Sri Lanka: Distribution, Recent Taxonomic Changes and Conservation
    Journal of Animal Diversity (2019), 1 (2): 44–82 Online ISSN: 2676-685X Research Article DOI: 10.29252/JAD.2019.1.2.4 A review of amphibian fauna of Sri Lanka: distribution, recent taxonomic changes and conservation Sudesh Batuwita1*, Sampath Udugampala2*, Madura De Silva2, Jiaojiao Diao3 and Udeni Edirisinghe4 1The Society for the Biodiversity Conservation, 63/4, Adikaramwatta, Yaggahapitiya, Gunnepana 20270, Kandy, Sri Lanka 2Wildlife Conservation Society- Galle, Hiyare reservoir, Hiyare 80056, Galle, Sri Lanka 3College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, China 4Postgraduate Institute of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka *These authors contributed equally to this work Corresponding author : [email protected] Abstract The amphibian fauna of Sri Lanka comprises 120 species, including 107 (~90.0%) endemic species. They belong to five families: Bufonidae, Dicroglossidae, Ichthyophiidae, Microhylidae, and Rhacophoridae. Based on distribution, we recognized five zoogeographic zones for them, Central Hills, Dry Zone, Knuckles Range, Lowland Wet Zone, and Rakwana Hills. Fifty three species were reported from the Central Hills (48 endemics [90.6%] and 42 [79.2%] threatened species). 47 species were recorded from the Lowland Wet Zone, including 36 (76.6%) endemics and 28 (59.6%) threatened species. The Knuckles Range had 25 species, of which, 19 (76.0%) were endemics and 15 (60.0%) are Received: 25 November 2019 threatened species. 19 species were reported from Dry Zone including Accepted: 24 December 2019 seven endemics (36.8%) and four threatened species (21.1%). Out of 29 Published online: 31 December 2019 species, which inhabited in the Rakwana Hills, 26 were endemics (~89.7%) including 24 (82.8%) threatened species.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Threatened Taxa
    PLATINUM The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles OPEN ACCESS online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Short Communication Osteological description of Indian Skipper Frog Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from the Western Ghats of India Pankaj A. Gorule, Sachin M. Gosavi, Sanjay S. Kharat & Chandani R. Verma 26 June 2020 | Vol. 12 | No. 9 | Pages: 16136–16142 DOI: 10.11609/jot.6031.12.9.16136-16142 For Focus, Scope, Aims, Policies, and Guidelines visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-0 For Artcle Submission Guidelines, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-2 For reprints, contact <[email protected]> The opinions expressed by the authors do not refect the views of the Journal of Threatened Taxa, Wildlife Informaton Liaison Development Society, Zoo Outreach Organizaton,
    [Show full text]
  • Nomination File 1203
    Nomination of The Central Highlands of Sri Lanka: Its Cultural and Natural Heritage for inscription on the World Heritage List Submitted to UNESCO by the Government of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka 1 January 2008 Nomination of The Central Highlands of Sri Lanka: Its Cultural and Natural Heritage for inscription on the World Heritage List Submitted to UNESCO by the Government of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka 1 January 2008 Contents Page Executive Summary vii 1. Identification of the Property 1 1.a Country 1 1.b Province 1 1.c Geographical coordinates 1 1.e Maps and plans 1 1.f Areas of the three constituent parts of the property 2 1.g Explanatory statement on the buffer zone 2 2. Description 5 2.a Description of the property 5 2.a.1 Location 5 2.a.2 Culturally significant features 6 PWPA 6 HPNP 7 KCF 8 2.a.3 Natural features 10 Physiography 10 Geology 13 Soils 14 Climate and hydrology 15 Biology 16 PWPA 20 Flora 20 Fauna 25 HPNP 28 Flora 28 Fauna 31 KCF 34 Flora 34 Fauna 39 2.b History and Development 44 2.b.1 Cultural features 44 PWPA 44 HPNP 46 KCF 47 2.b.2 Natural aspects 49 PWPA 51 HPNP 53 KCF 54 3. Justification for Inscription 59 3.a Criteria under which inscription is proposed (and justification under these criteria) 59 3..b Proposed statement of outstanding universal value 80 3.b.1 Cultural heritage 80 3.b.2 Natural heritage 81 3.c Comparative analysis 84 3.c.1 Cultural heritage 84 PWPA 84 HPNP 85 KCF 86 3.c.2 Natural Heritage 86 3.d Integrity and authenticity 89 3.d.1 Cultural features 89 PWPA 89 HPNP 90 KCF 90 3.d.2 Natural features 91 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis And
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Assessing the threat of two deadly fungal pathogens (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans) to amphibian biodiversity and the impacts of human- mediated movement of an invasive carrier species and climate change A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Environmental Science and Engineering by Tiffany Ann Yap 2016 © Copyright by Tiffany Ann Yap 2016 Abstract of the Dissertation Assessing the threat of two deadly fungal pathogens (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans) to amphibian biodiversity and the impacts of human- mediated movement of an invasive carrier species and climate change by Tiffany Ann Yap Doctor of Environmental Science and Engineering University of California, Los Angeles, 2016 Professor Richard F. Ambrose, Co-Chair Professor Vance T. Vredenburg, Co-Chair Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), a fungal pathogen that causes chytridiomycosis in amphibians, has infected >500 species and caused declines and extinctions in >200 species. Recently, a second deadly fungal pathogen that also causes chytridiomycosis, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) was discovered. The presence of these lethal pathogens in international trade threatens amphibian diversity. In this dissertation, I use a novel modeling approach to predict disease risk from Bd and/or Bsal to amphibian populations in North America and Asia by incorporating pathogen habitat suitability, host availability, the potential presence of an invasive carrier species, and pathogen invasion history. First I identify Bsal threat to North American salamanders to be greatest in the Southeast US, the West Coast, and highlands of Mexico. I then ii investigate the compounded risk of Bd and Bsal in North America and find highest relative risk in those same areas and in the Sierra Nevada Mountains and the northern Rocky Mountains.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolutionary and Biogeographic Origins of High Tropical Diversity in Old World Frogs (Ranidae)
    ORIGINAL ARTICLE doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00610.x EVOLUTIONARY AND BIOGEOGRAPHIC ORIGINS OF HIGH TROPICAL DIVERSITY IN OLD WORLD FROGS (RANIDAE) John J. Wiens,1,2 Jeet Sukumaran,3 R. Alexander Pyron4 and Rafe M. Brown3 1Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794 2E-mail: [email protected] 3Natural History Museum, Biodiversity Research Center, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Dyche Hall, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7561 4Department of Biology, The Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016 Received May 24, 2008 Accepted November 17, 2008 Differences in species richness between regions are ultimately explained by patterns of speciation, extinction, and biogeographic dispersal. Yet, few studies have considered the role of all three processes in generating the high biodiversity of tropical regions. A recent study of a speciose group of predominately New World frogs (Hylidae) showed that their low diversity in temperate regions was associated with relatively recent colonization of these regions, rather than latitudinal differences in diversification rates (rates of speciation–extinction). Here, we perform parallel analyses on the most species-rich group of Old World frogs (Ranidae; ∼1300 species) to determine if similar processes drive the latitudinal diversity gradient. We estimate a time-calibrated phylogeny for 390 ranid species and use this phylogeny to analyze patterns of biogeography and diversification rates. As in hylids, we find a strong relationship between the timing of colonization of each region and its current diversity, with recent colonization of temperate regions from tropical regions.
    [Show full text]
  • 2007 Red List of Threatened Fauna and Flora of Sri Lanka
    The 2007 Red List of Threatened Fauna and Flora of Sri Lanka This publication has been jointly prepared by The World Conservation Union (IUCN) in Sri Lanka and the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources. The preparation and printing of this document was carried out with the financial assistance of the Protected Area Management and Wildlife Conservation Project and Royal Netherlands Embassy in Sri Lanka. i The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of The World Conservation Union (IUCN) and Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of The World Conservation Union (IUCN) and Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources. This publication has been jointly prepared by The World Conservation Union (IUCN) Sri Lanka and the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources. The preparation and publication of this document was undertaken with financial assistance from the Protected Area Management and Wildlife Conservation Project and the Royal Netherlands Government. Published by: The World Conservation Union (IUCN) and Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, Colombo, Sri Lanka. Copyright: © 2007, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources and Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, Sri Lanka. Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorised without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolutionary and Biogeographic Origins of High Tropical Diversity in Old World Frogs (Ranidae)
    ORIGINAL ARTICLE doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00610.x EVOLUTIONARY AND BIOGEOGRAPHIC ORIGINS OF HIGH TROPICAL DIVERSITY IN OLD WORLD FROGS (RANIDAE) John J. Wiens,1,2 Jeet Sukumaran,3 R. Alexander Pyron4 and Rafe M. Brown3 1Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794 2E-mail: [email protected] 3Natural History Museum, Biodiversity Research Center, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Dyche Hall, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7561 4Department of Biology, The Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016 Received May 24, 2008 Accepted November 17, 2008 Differences in species richness between regions are ultimately explained by patterns of speciation, extinction, and biogeographic dispersal. Yet, few studies have considered the role of all three processes in generating the high biodiversity of tropical regions. A recent study of a speciose group of predominately New World frogs (Hylidae) showed that their low diversity in temperate regions was associated with relatively recent colonization of these regions, rather than latitudinal differences in diversification rates (rates of speciation–extinction). Here, we perform parallel analyses on the most species-rich group of Old World frogs (Ranidae; ∼1300 species) to determine if similar processes drive the latitudinal diversity gradient. We estimate a time-calibrated phylogeny for 390 ranid species and use this phylogeny to analyze patterns of biogeography and diversification rates. As in hylids, we find a strong relationship between the timing of colonization of each region and its current diversity, with recent colonization of temperate regions from tropical regions.
    [Show full text]