Senega Root/Terpin Hydrate 1573

Sodium Dibunate (BAN, rINN) pound; Dextrocilla; Eurocilana; Mefedra-N†; Mist Expect Stim; S.Afr.: Co- sive or abnormal mucus production. Talniflumate is under inves- cillana Co; Contra-Coff; Linctus Tussi Infans; UK: Allens Chesty Cough; tigation for the management of cystic fibrosis, chronic obstruc- Dibunate de Sodium; Dibunato de sodio; L-1633; Natrii Dibunas. Balm of Gilead; Buttercup Syrup; Chest Mixture; Covonia Mentholated; tive pulmonary disease, and asthma. Talniflumate has also been Sodium 2,6-di-tert-butylnaphthalene-1-sulphonate. Galloway’s Cough Syrup; Honey & Molasses; Modern Herbals Cough Mix- ture; Potters Children’s Cough Pastilles; Potters Gees Linctus; Sanderson’s used to treat inflammation. Натрий Дибунат Throat Specific. Preparations C18H23NaO3S = 342.4. CAS — 14992-59-7 (sodium dibunate). Proprietary Preparations (details are given in Part 3) ATC — R05DB16. Arg.: Somalgen. ATC Vet — QR05DB16. Sulfogaiacol (rINN) Kalii Sulfoguajacolas; Kalium Guajacolsulfonicum; Kaliumsulfogua- jakolaatti; Kaliumsulfoguajakolat; Potassium Guaiacolsulfonate; (rINN) CH3 Telmesteine H3C Potassium Guaiacolsulphonate; Sulfogaïacol; Sulfogaiacolum; Sul- foguayacol; Sulfogwajakol; Thiocol; Tiocol. Potassium hy- Telmesteína; Telmestéine; Telmesteinum. (−)-3-Ethyl hydrogen CH3 droxymethoxybenzenesulphonate hemihydrate. (R)-3,4-thiazolidinedicarboxylate. Сульфогайякол Тельместеин O C7H11NO4S = 205.2. C7H7KO5S, ⁄ H2O = 251.3. -O CAS — 122946-43-4. S CAS — 1321-14-8 (anhydrous sulfogaiacol); 78247-49-1 Na+ (sulfogaiacol hemihydrate). O ATC — R05CA09. H3C S ATC Vet — QR05CA09. CH3 H3C N HO Profile K+ O Sodium dibunate is a cough suppressant given by mouth and rec- O O O- O CH3 tally in non-productive cough (p.1547). It is claimed to have cen- O S tral and peripheral actions. Chlorcyclizine dibunate (nafto- clizine) has also been given by mouth or rectally. O Profile Preparations Telmesteine has been used as a mucolytic (p.1547) in the treat- OH ment of respiratory-tract disorders in oral doses of 300 mg two or Proprietary Preparations (details are given in Part 3) three times daily. Chile: Dibunafon; Port.: Becantex; Thai.: Becantex†. Pharmacopoeias. In Pol. and US. Also in Fr. and Jpn, both of Preparations Multi-ingredient: Belg.: Nobroncit; Braz.: Becantosse†; Beclase; Ces- which do not specify the hemihydrate. satosse†; Coquevit†; Gotas Nican†; Naquinto†; Pectal†; Pulmoverina†; Tus- sodina†; Canad.: Balminil Suppositories; Ger.: Cito-Guakalin†; Ephepect- USP 31 (Potassium Guaiacolsulfonate). Protect from light. Proprietary Preparations (details are given in Part 3) Blocker-Pastillen N; Hong Kong: Ephepect Blocker; Mex.: Broend; Neo- Ital.: Muconorm†; Reolase. Brontyl; Tasakal†; Thai.: Coughmin†. Profile Sulfogaiacol is used as an expectorant for productive cough Multi-ingredient: UK: Atopiclair; Xclair; USA: Atopiclair. (p.1547). Calcium guaiacolsulfonate has been used similarly. Squill Preparations Te r p i n H y d r a t e (BANM) Bulbo de Escila; Cebolla Albarrana; Cila; Escila; Meerzwiebel; Scil- Proprietary Preparations (details are given in Part 3) la; Scillae bulbus; Scille; Scille, bulbe de; White Squill. Arg.: Pectoral Lafedar Ninos; Austria: Pectosorin; Israel: Guaiacol; Ital.: Terpene Hydrate; Terpiinihydraatti; Terpina, hidrato de; Terpin- Морской Лук Tioguaialina; Mex.: Broncoserum; Pol.: Apitussic; Diabetussic. hydrat; Terpini Hydras; Terpinol. p-Menthane-1,8-diol monohy- drate; 4-Hydroxy-α,α,4-trimethylcyclohexanemethanol mono- Pharmacopoeias. In Br. and Ger. Multi-ingredient: Arg.: Antitos†; Medex Rub; No-Tos Infantil; Pastillas hydrate. BP 2008 (Squill). The dried sliced bulb of Drimia maritima with De Ambay; Pectobron; Pectoral Lafedar; Polipectol†; Austria: Asthma- Hilfe; Pneumopan; Belg.: Broncho-pectoralis Pholcodine; Eucalyptine Phol- the membranous outer scales removed, and containing not less codine Le Brun†; Eucalytux; Nobroncit; Pholco-Mereprine; Saintbois; Терпингидрат than 68% of alcohol (60%)-soluble extractive. Store at a temper- Braz.: Benzomel†; Broncatar; Broncofisin†; Bronkotrat†; Cessatosse†; Ex- C H O ,H O = 190.3. ature not exceeding 25° in a dry place. pectil; Fenergan Expectorante; Frenotossil†; Iodetal; Iodeto de Potassio†; 10 20 2 2 Ipecol†; Pulmonix†; Pulmoverina†; Trifedrin; Tussodina†; Tussucalman†; CAS — 80-53-5 (anhydrous terpin); 2451-01-6 (terpin Xarope Sao Joao†; Xpe SPC†; Fr.: Camphodionyl; Ephydion; Eucalyptine Le monohydrate). Indian Squill Brun; Germose†; Neo-Codion; Passedyl; Hong Kong: Bendracol; Chrisra- col; Hung.: Erigon; India: Neogadine SG; Pulmo-Cod (C & G); Indon.: Escila india; Urginea. Benacol DTM; Benacol Expectorant; Fludexin; Phenadex; Prome; Promet- Морской Лук Индийский hazine Ikapharmindo; Sanadryl; Israel: Cod-Guaiacol; Oxacatin; Pertussol; CH3 Promethazine Expectorants; Shiulon; Tussophedrine New Formula; Ital.: H3C Pharmacopoeias. In Br. Balsamina Kroner; Balsatux†; Broncal†; Bronchenolo; Bronchiase; Donalg; CH3 H2O BP 2008 (Indian Squill). The bulb of Drimia indica, with the out- Guaiacalcium Complex; Polised; Pulmarin; Sciroppo Berta; Stenobronchial; HO Tauglicolo; Tiocalmina; Tiocosol; Tionamil†; Tussanyl; Mex.: Eucaliptine; Ex- OH er membranous scales removed, usually sliced and dried. Store at ofil; Oxin; Pulmovital; Pol.: Apipulmol; Gwajatussin; Herbapect; Pastylki a temperature not exceeding 25° in a dry place. Wykrztusne; Thiocodin; Port.: Calmarum†; Codol; Lesil; Xarope Antigri- Pharmacopoeias. In Fr., Swiss, US, and Viet. pal†; Rus.: Neo-Codion (Нео-Кодион); Spain: Bronco Medical; Bronco- Adverse Effects, Treatment, and Precautions vir; Broncovital†; Brota Rectal Balsamico; Fenergan Expectorante; Pastillas USP 31 (Terpin Hydrate). Colourless lustrous crystals or white The adverse effects of squill and Indian squill in large doses in- Pectoral Kely; Pazbronquial; Pulmofasa; Switz.: Neo-Codion N; Phol-Tux; powder with a slight odour. It effloresces in dry air. Soluble 1 in clude nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea. As squill and Indian Saintbois; Thai.: Bisolvon EX; Bromso-Ex; Dutross-P200†; Hustazol-C†; 200 of water, 1 in 35 of boiling water, 1 in 13 of alcohol, 1 in 3 squill contain cardiac glycosides they can cause similar adverse Med-Mucolo†; Turk.: Antibeksin; Artu; Fenokodin; Gayabeksin; Gayaben; of boiling alcohol, and 1 in 140 of chloroform and of ether. A hot Latusin; Pektodin; USA: Cypex; De-Chlor NX; Entuss Expectorant; Hu- effects to digoxin (p.1259). mibid; Humibid DM; Hy-KXP; Hydron EX; Hydron KGS; KGS-PE; 1% solution is neutral to litmus. Store in airtight containers. Abuse. Reports of cardiac glycoside toxicity and myopathy as- Lemotussin-DM; Marcof; Protuss-D†; Protuss†. Stability. If crystals form in terpin hydrate elixir, they may be sociated with the abuse of linctuses which have contained opiates redissolved by warming the closed container of solution in warm and squill.1-5 water and then gently shaking it. 1. Kennedy M. Cardiac glycoside toxicity: an unusual manifesta- tion of drug addiction. Med J Aust 1981; 2: 686–9. Talniflumate (USAN, rINN) Profile 2. Kilpatrick C, et al. Myopathy with myasthenic features possibly Terpin hydrate has been stated to increase bronchial secretion di- induced by codeine linctus. Med J Aust 1982; 2: 410. BA-7602-06; Talniflumato; Talniflumatum. Phthalidyl 2-(α,α,α-trif- rectly and has been given orally as an expectorant in productive 3. Seow SSW. Abuse of APF linctus codeine and cardiac glycoside luoro-m-toluidino)nicotinate. cough (p.1547). toxicity. Med J Aust 1984; 140: 54. 4. Thurston D, Taylor K. Gee’s Linctus. Pharm J 1984; 233: 63. Тальнифлумат Nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain may follow the ingestion of 5. Smith W, et al. Wenckebach’s phenomenon induced by cough C H F N O = 414.3. terpin hydrate on an empty stomach. linctus. BMJ 1986; 292: 868. 21 13 3 2 4 CAS — 66898-62-2. Terpin hydrochloride has also been used. Uses and Administration Squill and Indian squill are used as expectorants in productive Preparations cough (p.1547) and have been given as the oxymel, elixir, tinc- USP 31: Terpin Hydrate and Codeine Elixir; Terpin Hydrate Elixir. ture, or vinegar. Preparations containing squill are used in some Proprietary Preparations (details are given in Part 3) countries in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. Red squill has been used as a rodenticide (p.2050). Multi-ingredient: Braz.: Ozonyl; Tetrapulmo; Canad.: Valda; Chile: F3C NH O Broncodeina; Cz.: Coldrex; Fin.: Toclase Expectorant; Fr.: Bronchorectine ◊ The historical use of squill has been reviewed.1 au Citral; Pates Pectorales; Pulmofluide Simple; Pulmoll; Terpone; Ger.: Ozothin†; Hong Kong: Bendracol; Chrisracol; Codoplex; Coldcap-A; 1. Aliotta G, et al. The diuretic use of Scilla from Dioscorides to the N O O Coldrex†; Coldtab-2; Panadol Cold & Flu Day; Panadol Cold & Flu Extra; end of the 18th century. J Nephrol 2004; 17: 342–7. O Panadol Cold and Flu; Hung.: Coldrex; Ital.: Elisir Terpina; Neo Borocillina Preparations Balsamica; Tionamil†; Neth.: Balsoclase Compositum; Pol.: Coldrex Max- Grip C; Rus.: Alex Plus (Алекс Плюс); Glycodin (Гликодин); Spain: Pas- BP 2008: Squill Liquid Extract; Squill Oxymel. tillas Pectoral Kely; Terponil; Switz.: Bromocod N; Rectoseptal-Neo bis- Proprietary Preparations (details are given in Part 3) muthe; Rectoseptal-Neo simple; Sedotussin†; Thai.: Antust; D-Coate; Dexpin; Dextro BS; Fartussin; Med-Guaiphan†; Mila-Tercon; Muco-DX; Ro- Ger.: Digitalysat Scilla-Digitaloid†; Scillase N†. Profile Talniflumate inhibits the human calcium-activated chloride cal; Seco; Stocof; Terco-C; Terco-D; UK: Original Cabdrivers Expectorant; Multi-ingredient: Canad.: Bronco Asmol; Sirop Cocillana Codeine; Venez.: Codoformo†; Derpinol†. Sirop Cocillana Compose; Ger.: Miroton; Miroton N†; Nephrisan P†; channel protein hCLCA1, which is overexpressed in the lungs of Hong Kong: Coci-Fedra; Coci-Fedra-C; Cocillana Christo; Cocillana Com- patients with certain pulmonary diseases associated with exces- The symbol † denotes a preparation no longer actively marketed The symbol ⊗ denotes a substance whose use may be restricted in certain sports (see p.vii)