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Kajian Awal Pengolahan Sampah Kawasan 6th ACE Conference. 29 Oktober 2019, Padang, Sumatra Barat KAJIAN AWAL PENGOLAHAN SAMPAH KAWASAN WISATA MINANG FANTASI WATERPARK (MIFAN) DAN WISATA PUSAT DOKUMENTASI INFORMASI KEBUDAYAAN MINANGKABAU (PDIKM) KOTA PADANG PANJANG Rizki Aziz1, Yommi Dewilda2, Muhammad Rizqa Putra3 1Jurusan Teknik Lingkungan, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Andalas, Padang. Email: [email protected] 2Jurusan Teknik Lingkungan, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Andalas, Padang. Email: [email protected] 3Mahasiswa Program Sarjana Jurusan Teknik Lingkungan, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Andalas, Padang. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Preliminary studies on waste management have been carried out in the Fantasy Minang tourist area (MIFAN) and the Minangkabau Cultural Information Documentation Center (PDIKM) which aims to determine the generation of waste, the composition and potential of waste recycling, so that recommendations for appropriate waste management can be given for tourism waste management in MIFAN and PDIKM Regions. Waste generation and composition are carried out with reference to SNI 19-3694-1994. From the measurements made, it is found that the generation of waste from MIFAN Tourism Area is 1,023.608 liters / day and PDIKM is 136.801 liters / day. The composition of waste in the MIFAN tourism area is dominated by food waste 46.40% and plastic 37.28%. Waste that has the potential to be recycled is yard, metal, and glass waste, 100% respectively, and food and plastic waste 93.97% and 79.41%, respectively. While in the PDIKM tourist area, the composition of waste is dominated by plastic and food waste as 44.52% and 20.49%, respectively. Waste that has the potential to be recycled is yard waste, and metal is 100%, recommended waste processing in the form of composting for food waste and yard waste, enumeration of plastic waste, and processing waste that has a sale value before being sold to the waste recycler. Waste processing can be done at recycling center which located in the tourist area Keywords: solid waste, generation, composition, potential for recycling, tourist area ABSTRAK Kajian awal pengolahan sampah telah dilakukan pada kawasan wisata Minang Fantasi (MIFAN) dan Pusat Dokumentasi Informasi Kebudayaan Minangkabau (PDIKM) yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui timbulan sampah, komposisi dan potensi daur ulang sampah, sehingga dapat diberikan rekomendasi pengolahan sampah yang tepat bagi pengelolaan sampah wisata di Kawasan MIFAN dan PDIKM. Timbulan dan komposisi sampah dilakukan dengan mengacu SNI 19-3694-1994. Dari pengukuran yang dilakukan didapatkan bahwa timbulan sampah Kawasan Wisata MIFAN sebesar 1.023,608 liter/hari dan PDIKM sebesar 136,801 liter/hari. Komposisi sampah di kawasan wisata MIFAN di didominasi oleh sampah makanan 46,10% dan plastik 37,28%. Sampah yang berpotensi untuk didaur ulang adalah sampah halaman, logam, dan kaca masing-masing 100%, dan sampah makanan dan plastik secara berurutan sebesar 93,97% dan 79,41%. Sedangkan di 1038 6th ACE Conference. 29 Oktober 2019, Padang, Sumatra Barat daerah kawasan wisata PDIKM komposisi sampah didominasi oleh sampah plastik dan makanan secara berurutan sebesar 44,52% dan 20,49%. Sampah yang berpotensi untuk didaur ulang adalah sampah halaman, dan logam masing-masing 100%, Pengolahan sampah yang direkomendasikan berupa pengomposan untuk sampah makanan dan sampah halaman, pencacahan sampah plastik, dan pemrosesan sampah yang memiliki nilai jual sebelum dijual ke pihak pendaur ulang sampah. Pengolahan sampah dapat dilakukan di TPS3R yang dibangun di kawasan wisata tersebut. Kata Kunci: Timbulan, komposisi, potensi daur ulang, sampah kawasan wisata, Kota Padang Panjang 1. PENDAHULUAN Berdasarkan Undang-Undang No. 10 Tahun 2009 tentang Kepariwisataan, pariwisata adalah berbagai macam kegiatan wisata yang didukung dengan berbagai berbagai fasilitas serta layanan yang disediakan oleh masyarakat, pengusaha, pemerintah dan pemerintah daerah. Pembangunan kepariwisataan diperlukan untuk mendorong pemerataan kesempatan berusaha dan memperoleh manfaat serta mampu menghadapi tantangan perubahan kehidupan lokal, nasional, dan global. Pariwisata yang terus berkembang memberikan potensi untuk menjadi hal yang penting bagi perekonomian daerah karena berkembangnya sektor pariwisata dapat menyerap tenaga kerja serta mampu membuka lapangan pekerjaan yang baru. Padang Panjang merupakan salah satu Kota di Provinsi Sumatera Barat yang sekarang ini mendapat perhatian terhadap pariwisatanya. Salah satu potensi wisata yang memiliki potensi besar dimiliki di Kota Padang Panjang adalah Minang Fantasi Waterpark (MIFAN) dan Pusat Dokumentasi dan Informasi Kebudayaan Minangkabau (PDIKM) yang berada di Kota Padang Panjang. Jumlah wisatawan yang berkunjung ke MIFAN dan PDIKM berdasarkan data dari Dinas Pariwisata Kota Padang Panjang tahun 2017 merupakan paling besar yang ada di Kota Padang Panjang, jumlah wisatawan yang berkunjung ke Kawasan Wisata MIFAN dan PDIKM tahun 2016 adalah 332.490 orang, tahun 2017 meningkat menjadi 357.406 orang, dengan peningkatan kunjungan wisatawan sebesar 7,49% (Dinas Pariwisata Kota Padang Panjang, 2018). Kenaikan wisatawan yang semakin banyak akan memengaruhi timbulan sampah yang dihasilkan di Kawasan Wisata. Sampah yang tidak dikelola dengan baik akan menambah kerusakan terhadap Kawasan Wisata tersebut Masalah sampah adalah salah satu dampak negatif dari perkembangan pariwisata yang mampu merusak sumber daya alam dan budaya apabila tidak ditangani secara serius. Peningkatan angka kunjungan wisata ke Kota Padang Panjang juga menyebabkan tingginya permasalahan terhadap sampah. Sampah-sampah yang tidak dikelola akan menimbulkan dampak pencemaran lingkungan dan mempengaruhi kebersihan dan kenyamanan daerah wisata (Putra, 2015). Menurut Peraturan Menteri Pariwisata no 14 tahun 2016 tentang pedoman destinasi pariwisata berkelanjutan, dijelaskan bahwa destinasi wisata yang dikelola harus mempunyai inisiatif untuk pengelolaan sampah yang berada di destinasi tersebut dan mendorong para pengusaha untuk dapat mengurangi, menggunakan kembali sampah dan meminimalisir residu sampah. 1039 6th ACE Conference. 29 Oktober 2019, Padang, Sumatra Barat Kawasan Wisata MIFAN merupakan kawasan wisata alam yang dikelola oleh pemilik wisata (swasta), yang dalam pengelolaan persampahannya mendapat bantuan dan pengawasan dari pemerintah dalam pengelolaanya dan peraturan yang harus dijalankan. Pengelola wisata menyediakan sarana dari aspek teknis maupun dari non teknis. Sedangkan Kawasan Wisata PDIKM merupakan Kawasan Wisata Budaya dan Sejarah yang dikelola oleh pemerintah yang tepat bersebelahan dengan Kawasan Wisata MIFAN. Dinas Pariwisata Kota Padang Panjang sebagai pengelola wisata PDIKM dibantu dengan Dinas Perumahan, Kawasan Pemukiman dan Lingkungan Hidup (PerkimLH) mengelola sarana dan prasarana dari aspek teknis maupun non teknis yang dibutuhkan oleh Kawasan Wisata PDIKM. Kajian pengelolaan sampah kawasan wisata di Indonesia sudah banyak dilakukan dalam lima tahun terakhir, yang meliputi propinsi Kalimantan Barat (Naltaru dkk, 2014), Bali (Wijaya dan Trihadiningrum, 2014), DI Yogyakarta (Akbari, 2018), Jawa Tengah (Oktiasari, 2018), dan Sumatera Barat (Aziz dan Mira, 2018; Jefri dan Aziz, 2018; dan Aziz dan Jefri, 2019). Kajian ini menganalisis timbulan sampah, komposisinya dan juga potensi daur ulang komponen sampahnya. Kajian ini sangat menarik untuk dikembangkan mengingat adanya potensi Kawasan Wisata untuk terus dikunjungi oleh wisatawan sehingga diperlukan arahan dalam pengolahan sampah sebagai bagian dari pengelolaan sampah yang melalui Undang-Undang No. 18 tahun 2008 menjadi bagian dari upaya mereduksi sampah yang diangkut ke Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir Sampah sehingga dapat menghindari masalah lebih lanjut persampahan. Perbedaan pengelolaan persampahan kedua Kawasan Wisata yang bersebelahan menjadi perbandingan dalam kajian yang dilakukan. 2. METODOLOGI Kajian ini terbagi atas tahapan studi literatur, analisis timbulan sampah, komposisi, dan potensi daur ulang, dan rekomendasi pengolahan sampah kawasan wisata. Studi literatur bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan dan mempelajari teori yang mendukung dalam kajian timbulan, komposisi, dan potensi daur ulang sampah dari kawasan wisata. Studi literaratur dapat bersumber dari buku teks, jurnal dan penelitian sebelumnya serta peraturan-peraturan yang berlaku dan terkait dengan ketentuan umum dan teknis rancangan pengembangan sistem pengelolaan sampah. Pengukuran timbulan berdasarkan SNI 19-3964-1994 meliputi pengukuran timbulan berat dan volume sampah dari masing-masing sampel menurut sumber. Satuan besaran timbulan dinyatakan dalam satuan volume yaitu L/orang/hari dan L/m2/hari, sedangkan berdasarkan berat yaitu kg/orang/hari dan kg/m2/hari. Pengukuran komposisi sampah dilakukan dengan memilah komponen sampah berdasarkan sampah basah (sampah makanan, sampah halaman, kayu) dan sampah kering (kertas, plastik, karet, kaca, logam ferrous, logam non ferrous, dan lain lain) dari masing-masing sampel. Penentuan berat sampah masing-masing komponen dengan cara komponen yang telah dipilah ditimbang beratnya. Sehingga persen komposisi didapat dari persen berat masing masing komponen dibagi dengan berat total sampah keseluruhan. 1040 6th ACE Conference. 29 Oktober 2019, Padang, Sumatra Barat Penentuan potensi daur ulang sampah dilakukaan dengan pemilahan sampah-sampah yang dapat didaur ulang dari sampah yang telah dipisahkan menurut komposisinya dan ditimbang beratnya. Perbandingan berat sampah yang dapat didaur ulang dengan berat total komponen
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