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Lustracijata Vo Zemjite Od Zapaden Balkan

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Lustracijata Vo Zemjite Od Zapaden Balkan Center for Democracy and Reconciliation in Southeast Europe Proektna dokumentacija Razotkrivawe na skrienata istorija: Lustracijata vo zemjite od Zapaden Balkan Proektna dokumentacija Lustracijata vo zemjite od Zapaden Balkan Razotkrivawe na skrienata istorija: Urednici Magardi~ Ha~ikjan Du{an Reqi} i Nenad [ebek Center for Democracy and Reconciliation, Krispou 9, THESSALONIKI 546 34, GREECE, tel: + 30 Center for Democracy and 2310 960820-1; fax: +30 2310 960822 Reconciliation in Southeast Europe www.cdsee.org, e-mail:[email protected] Razotkrivawe na skrienata istorija: Foudation Open Society Lustracija vo zemjite od Zapaden Balkan Institute Macedonia (FOSIM), Proektna dokumentacija* Bul. Jane Sandanski 111, Skopje tel: + 389 2 244-488, fax: 3892444499 Naslov na originalot: www.soros.org.mk, [email protected] Disclosing hidden history: Lustration in the Western Balkans Albanian Human Rights Group (AHRG), A Project Documentation GShDNj, Rr.“M.Shuri“, P44, Sh 4/37, Tirana, tel: + 355 4251995, fax: +355 425 1995 Izdava~: www.ahrg.org, [email protected] Fondacija Institut otvoreno op{testvo – Makedonija Za izdava~ot: Center for Interdosciplinary Postgraduate Vladimir Mil~in Studies (CIPS) at the University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71 000 Sarajevo, Prevod: tel: + 387 33 668685, fax: + 387 33 668683 Abakus www.cps.edu.ba, [email protected] Lektura: Van|a Dimitrievska Croatian Helsinki Committee for Human Dizajn: Rights (CHC), „CICERO“ and Dragoljub Dimitrijevic, Beonet, Belgrade. Bauerova 4, HR, 10 000 Zagreb, tel: +385 1 4613630, fax: + 385 1 4613650 Realizacija: www.hho.hr, [email protected] Datapons, Skopje Center for Peace and Democracy Tira`: Development (CPDD), named until June 2005 500 primeroci Center for Antiwar Action (Caa) Milisevska 51, Flor 12, Flat 49, 11 000 Beograd, tel: + 381 11 308 998 78/9, fax: +381 11 308 99 79 * Avtorite na ovaa kniga go koristat ustavnoto ime na zemjata, odnosno Republika Makedonija. www.caa.org.yu, [email protected] CDRSEE vo svojata rabota go koristi imeto {to go koristat me|unarodnite organizacii kako {to se ON i EU, odnosno porane{na Republika Mekedonija. Razotkrivawe na skrienata istorija: Lustracijata vo zemjite od Zapaden Balkan Proektna dokumentacija Sodr`ina Blagodarnost . 5 Izvr{no rezime . 6 Voved . 7 Dosie: Zaklu~oci i preporaki . 9 Blagodarnost . 9 Izvr{no rezime . 10 I. Pregled na glavnite aktivnosti i postignuvawa . 11 II. Glavni naodi i zaklu~oci . 14 III. Preporaki . 15 Prira~nik za lustracija, javen pristap do dosiejata na tajnite slu`bi i za javni debati za minatoto vo zemjite od Zapaden Balkan . 18 Predgovor . 18 Regionalen izve{taj: Zemjite od Zapaden Balkan Podgotven od Magardi~ Ha~ikjan . 20 Izve{taj za zemjata: Albanija Podgotven od Elsa Balauri i Ketlin Imholc . 31 Izve{taj za zemjata: Bosna i Hercegovina Podgotven od Nejra ^engi} . 45 Izve{taj za zemjata: Hrvatska Podgotven od Goranka Lali} . 55 Izve{taj za zemjata: Republika Makedonija Podgotven od Goce Adam~eski . 64 Izve{taj za zemjata: Srbija i Crna Gora Podgotven od Aleksandar Re{anovi} . 67 Minatoto i sega{nosta: Posledicite za demokratizacijata . 72 Predgovor . 72 Prv del: Minatoto i sega{nosta: Istoriski iskustva . .75 Natalija Letki Posledicite od lustracijata za demokratizacijata: Iskustvoto vo Isto~na i Sredna Evropa . .75 Pavel Zacek Slu~aite na ^ehoslova~ka i na Republika ^e{ka . 79 Marius Oprea Slu~ajot na Romanija . 82 Emil Cenkov Slu~ajot na Bugarija . 85 Diskusija (izvadoci) . 89 Vtor del: Javni debati za minatoto: Iskustvata na zemjite od Zapaden Balkan . 97 Jovica Trkuqa Iskustvoto vo Jugoslavija i vo Srbija i Crna Gora . 97 Ivo Goldstajn Iskustvoto vo Hrvatska . 100 Jakob Finci Iskustvoto vo Bosna i Hercegovina . 104 Iso Rusi Iskustvoto vo Republika Makedonija . 107 Ketlin Imholc Iskustvoto vo Albanija . 100 Diskusija (izvadoci) . 117 Tret del: Javni debati za minatoto: Efektite vrz demokratskite strukturi . 127 Voin Dimitrievi} Lekcii od slu~aite na Jugoslavija i na Srbija i Crna Gora . 127 @arko Puhovski Lekcii od slu~ajot na Hrvatska . 130 Dino Abazovi} Lekcii od slu~ajot na Bosna i Hercegovina . 133 Biljana Vankovska Lekcii od slu~ajot na Republika Makedonija . 138 Ben Andoni Lekcii od slu~ajot na Albanija . 144 Diskusija (izvadoci) . 146 U~esnici, diskutanti, urednici . 157 Blagodarnost Vo aktivnostite vo ramkite na ovoj proekt u~estvuvaa nad 150 lica od razli~ni profesii i interesi. Blagodarenie na pokrienosta od strana na mediumite, in- formaciite vo vrska so namerata i opfatot na na{iot potfat uspeaja da stignat do {iroka publika. Sobiraweto na edno mesto na tolku mnogu stru~ni lu|e, posveteni na idealite na demokratijata i na pomiruvaweto vo Jugoisto~na Evropa, pretstavu- va{e iskustvo na golemo zadovolstvo. Pokonkretno, ova doka`a deka spravuvaweto so ~uvstvitelnite pra{awa od minatoto e najkorisen na~in da se promovira dija- log i da se pomogne da se izbegnat sli~ni gre{ki vo idnina. Ovaa kniga, vo koja se dokumentirani glavnite rezultati od proektot Razotkri- vawe na skrienata istorija: Lustracijata vo zemjite od Zapaden Balkan, pret- stavuva proizvod na kolektivnata rabota na brojni odli~ni kolegi. Na{ata blago- darnost prvenstveno ja upatuvame do g-|a Korina Noak-Etopulos, koordinator na proektot vo CDRSEE. Taa be{e administratorot na celiot potfat, i efikasno gi koordinira{e aktivnostite, izve{taite, rabotata vo vrska so pe~atot i publika- ciite. Golema blagodarnost treba da se upati i do koordinatorite na proekti vo organizaciite-partneri: Goce Adam~eski od FIOOM, Elsa Balauri od Albans- kata grupa za ~ovekovi prava (AHRG), Nejra ^engi} od Centarot za interdiscipli- narni postdiplomski studii (CIPS), Goranka Lali}, a podocna i Sr|an Dvornik od Hrvatskiot helsin{ki komitet (CHC), i do Aleksandar Re{anovi} od Centarot za mir i razvoj na demokratija (CPDD, porano CAA). Site tie mobiliziraa brojni is- taknati eksperti od nivnite zemji za u~estvo vo razli~ni aktivnosti i publikacii, vo golema mera pridonesoa za uspe{nata organizacija i rezultati od seminarite i od rabotilnicite, gi napi{aa nacionalnite izve{tai za Prira~nikot za lustra- cijata, javniot pristap do dosiejata na tajnite slu`bi i za javnite debati vo vrska so minatoto vo zemjite od Zapaden Balkan, vrz osnova na seopfatni istra- `uvawa, i se pogri`ija da gi informiraat zasegnatite mediumi i eksperti vo svoite zemji vo vrska so razvojot i so rezultatite od proektot. Vo kontekst na proektot, osobena blagodarnost i dol`ime na g-|a [ila Kanon, direktor na prog- ramite pri CDRSEE, koja ima{e klu~na uloga vo formuliraweto na predlog-proek- tot, koj{to potoa be{e prifaten od strana na donatorite. Upatuvame blagodarnost do g-|a Rut Saton za nejzinoto temelno ureduvawe na kone~niot tekst. Osobeno sme im blagodarni na g-|a Liljana Vasoevi}, „Cicero“, Belgrad i na g. Dragoqub Dimitrievi}, „Beonet“, Belgrad, za dizajnot na knigata. Golema blagodarnost i do izdava~ot, g. Dejan Volf, za odli~nata sorabotka. Se razbira, osobeno sme im blagodarni na Evropskata unija i na USAID za finan- siraweto na ovoj proekt, kako i na Balkanskiot trust za demokratija, za ve- likodu{noto finansirawe na ovaa kniga. Urednicite Solun, septemvri 2005 godina 5 Izvr{no rezime Procesot na soo~uvawe so minatoto i na jasen prekin so nego pretstavuva ~uvstvi- telno i sporno pra{awe vo site postavtoritarni zemji. Proektot Razotkrivawe na skrienata istorija: Lustracijata vo zemjite od Zapaden Balkan be{e inici- ran za da se napravi ocenka na nastanite na ova pole vo zemjite od Zapaden Balkan. Proektot konkretno gi razgleduva{e zakonodavstvata vo vrska so lustracijata i so pristapot na javnosta do dosiejata na porane{nite tajni slu`bi, sproveduvaweto na ovie zakonodavstva, kako i op{tite javni debati vo vrska so minatoto vo zemjite od regionot. Primarnite celi na proektot bea slednive: da se intenziviraat javni- te debati vo vrska so minatoto, da se pridonese kon podobruvaweto na zakonodavst- voto, procedurite i na praktikite vo delot na lustracijata i na javniot pristap do dosiejata, da se zgolemi pravnata i politi~kata svest i da se zajakne ulogata na gra|anskoto op{testvo. Glavnite naodi i zaklu~oci na proektot poka`uvaat zna~itelni nedostatoci i vo zakonodavstvata i vo praktikite za lustracijata, kako i vo delot na pristapot na javnosta do dosijeata na porane{nite tajni slu`bi. Nakuso, vo zemjite od Zapaden Balkan nema{e lustracija. Duri i vo slu~aite kade {to bea doneseni soodvetni zakoni za lustracija, vlastite ne uspeaja istite da gi sprovedat vo praktika. Zako- nodavstvoto za pristapot na javnosta do dosiejata i negovoto sproveduvawe vo naj- dobra raka se nezadovoluva~ki i nesoodvetni. Interesot na {irokata javnost dose- ga be{e fokusiran na drugi pra{awa, a gra|anskoto op{testvo ne be{e dovolno silno za da go iznese ova pra{awe na preden plan. Dominantnite informativni me- diumi ova pra{awe ne go stavija na javnata agenda na na~in i do stepen {to }e bea soodvetni i nu`ni. Pove}eto me|unarodni akteri, vklu~eni vo gradeweto demokra- tija vo zemjite od Zapaden Balkan, posvetuvaa malku vnimanie ili voop{to ne obrnuvaa vnimanie na spornite pra{awa {to go pridru`uvaat soo~uvaweto so minatoto. Seto ova ima{e negativni reperkusii vrz demokratijata i vrz vla- deeweto na pravoto. Iako ne postoi edinstven model za zakonodavstvo i za postapki vo delot na lustra- cijata {to bi mo`ele uspe{no da se primenat vo site zemji od regionot, nekoi delovi od zakonodavstvoto i od postapkite se primenlivi i prepora~livi za site zemji. Zakonodavstvoto okolu lustracijata i okolu pristapot na javnosta do dosie- jata na tajnite slu`bi treba da go opfati ne samo periodot do 1990 godina, tuku i periodite potoa, osobeno vo tekot na 1990-te godini. Ova e osobeno bitno za po- ve}eto dr`avi koi nastanaa od porane{na Jugoslavija.
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