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Pollination and Botanic Gardens Contribute to the Next Issue of Roots
Botanic Gardens Conservation International Education Review Volume 17 • Number 1 • May 2020 Pollination and botanic gardens Contribute to the next issue of Roots The next issue of Roots is all about education and technology. As this issue goes to press, most botanic gardens around the world are being impacted by the spread of the coronavirus Covid-19. With many Botanic Gardens Conservation International Education Review Volume 16 • Number 2 • October 2019 Citizen gardens closed to the public, and remote working being required, Science educators are having to find new and innovative ways of connecting with visitors. Technology is playing an ever increasing role in the way that we develop and deliver education within botanic gardens, making this an important time to share new ideas and tools with the community. Have you developed a new and innovative way of engaging your visitors through technology? Are you using technology to engage a Botanic Gardens Conservation International Education Review Volume 17 • Number 1 • April 2020 wider audience with the work of your garden? We are currently looking for a variety of contributions including Pollination articles, education resources and a profile of an inspirational garden and botanic staff member. gardens To contribute, please send a 100 word abstract to [email protected] by 15th June 2020. Due to the global impacts of COVID-19, BGCI’s 7th Global Botanic Gardens Congress is being moved to the Australian spring. Join us in Melbourne, 27 September to 1 October 2021, the perfect time to visit Victoria. Influence and Action: Botanic Gardens as Agents of Change will explore how botanic gardens can play a greater role in shaping our future. -
Rich Zingiberales
RESEARCH ARTICLE INVITED SPECIAL ARTICLE For the Special Issue: The Tree of Death: The Role of Fossils in Resolving the Overall Pattern of Plant Phylogeny Building the monocot tree of death: Progress and challenges emerging from the macrofossil- rich Zingiberales Selena Y. Smith1,2,4,6 , William J. D. Iles1,3 , John C. Benedict1,4, and Chelsea D. Specht5 Manuscript received 1 November 2017; revision accepted 2 May PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Inclusion of fossils in phylogenetic analyses is necessary in order 2018. to construct a comprehensive “tree of death” and elucidate evolutionary history of taxa; 1 Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of however, such incorporation of fossils in phylogenetic reconstruction is dependent on the Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA availability and interpretation of extensive morphological data. Here, the Zingiberales, whose 2 Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, familial relationships have been difficult to resolve with high support, are used as a case study MI 48109, USA to illustrate the importance of including fossil taxa in systematic studies. 3 Department of Integrative Biology and the University and Jepson Herbaria, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA METHODS: Eight fossil taxa and 43 extant Zingiberales were coded for 39 morphological seed 4 Program in the Environment, University of Michigan, Ann characters, and these data were concatenated with previously published molecular sequence Arbor, MI 48109, USA data for analysis in the program MrBayes. 5 School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Section of Plant Biology and the Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA KEY RESULTS: Ensete oregonense is confirmed to be part of Musaceae, and the other 6 Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) seven fossils group with Zingiberaceae. -
Disentangling the Drivers of Reduced Long-Distance Seed Dispersal by Birds in an Experimentally Fragmented Landscape
Ecology, 92(4), 2011, pp. 924–937 Ó 2011 by the Ecological Society of America Disentangling the drivers of reduced long-distance seed dispersal by birds in an experimentally fragmented landscape 1,5 1,2 2 2 3 MARI´A URIARTE, MARINA ANCIA˜ ES, MARIANA T. B. DA SILVA, PAULO RUBIM, ERIK JOHNSON, 4 AND EMILIO M. BRUNA 1Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 1200 Amsterdam Ave., New York, New York 10027 USA 2Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazoˆnia and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, AM 69011-970 Brazil 3School of Renewable Resources, Louisiana State University, 227 RNR Building, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-6202 USA 4Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation and Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-0430 USA Abstract. Seed dispersal is a crucial component of plant population dynamics. Human landscape modifications, such as habitat destruction and fragmentation, can alter the abundance of fruiting plants and animal dispersers, foraging rates, vector movement, and the composition of the disperser community, all of which can singly or in concert affect seed dispersal. Here, we quantify and tease apart the effects of landscape configuration, namely, fragmentation of primary forest and the composition of the surrounding forest matrix, on individual components of seed dispersal of Heliconia acuminata, an Amazonian understory herb. First we identified the effects of landscape configuration on the abundance of fruiting plants and six bird disperser species. Although highly variable in space and time, densities of fruiting plants were similar in continuous forest and fragments. -
A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Division of the University of Hawai'i in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Of
FLOWERING IN HELICONIA ROSTRATA RUIZ & PA VON A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI'I IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN HORTICULTURE DECEMBER 2000 BY Norberto Maciel Dissertation Committee: Richard A. Criley, Chairperson Kent D. Kobayashi Robert Pauli Willian S. Sakai David Webb IN MEMORIAM Antonio Oliveira De Sousa (My Father) Because pursuing this goal I did not share his last moments 111 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my chairperson. Dr. Richard A. Criley for inviting me come to the University of Hawaii, his guidance, and understanding. I very much appreciate my other committee members Dr. Kent D. Kobayashi, Dr. Robert Pauli, Dr. William S. Sakai, and Dr. David D. Webb for their assistance and suggestions. Thanks to: Dr. Osamu Kawabata for the suggestions in the statistical analysis; Dr. David D. Webb and Dr. Adelheid Kuehnle for the help with equipment and chemicals; and Mr Bob Hirano and the Lyon Arboretum for providing material of Heliconia rostrata used in one of the experiments. My special thanks to Mr Ronald Matsuda and Craig Okasaki of the Magoon facility for the great help. I want to express my gratitude to faculty, staff and colleagues in the Department of Horticulture for sharing with me their skills, help, and friendship. I will never forget the help and kindness of the friends that I meet in Hawaii, especially for the scholarly help from Derrick Agboka, Renee and Adrian Ares, Douglas Gaskill, Michael Melzer, Javier Mendez, Monica Mejia, Teresa Restom and Mario Serracin. -
A Rapid Biological Assessment of the Upper Palumeu River Watershed (Grensgebergte and Kasikasima) of Southeastern Suriname
Rapid Assessment Program A Rapid Biological Assessment of the Upper Palumeu River Watershed (Grensgebergte and Kasikasima) of Southeastern Suriname Editors: Leeanne E. Alonso and Trond H. Larsen 67 CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL - SURINAME CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL GLOBAL WILDLIFE CONSERVATION ANTON DE KOM UNIVERSITY OF SURINAME THE SURINAME FOREST SERVICE (LBB) NATURE CONSERVATION DIVISION (NB) FOUNDATION FOR FOREST MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTION CONTROL (SBB) SURINAME CONSERVATION FOUNDATION THE HARBERS FAMILY FOUNDATION Rapid Assessment Program A Rapid Biological Assessment of the Upper Palumeu River Watershed RAP (Grensgebergte and Kasikasima) of Southeastern Suriname Bulletin of Biological Assessment 67 Editors: Leeanne E. Alonso and Trond H. Larsen CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL - SURINAME CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL GLOBAL WILDLIFE CONSERVATION ANTON DE KOM UNIVERSITY OF SURINAME THE SURINAME FOREST SERVICE (LBB) NATURE CONSERVATION DIVISION (NB) FOUNDATION FOR FOREST MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTION CONTROL (SBB) SURINAME CONSERVATION FOUNDATION THE HARBERS FAMILY FOUNDATION The RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment is published by: Conservation International 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500 Arlington, VA USA 22202 Tel : +1 703-341-2400 www.conservation.org Cover photos: The RAP team surveyed the Grensgebergte Mountains and Upper Palumeu Watershed, as well as the Middle Palumeu River and Kasikasima Mountains visible here. Freshwater resources originating here are vital for all of Suriname. (T. Larsen) Glass frogs (Hyalinobatrachium cf. taylori) lay their -
Amazon Plant List
Amazon Plant List The Plant list below is contributed by Dr.Christopher Dick, PhD who has worked in Amazonia for many years. Note that it is a working list and neither exhaustive nor complete. English Common Portuguese Common Plant Family Name Botanical Name Name Name Annonaceae Guatteria Envira-bobô recurvisepala Unonopsis guatterioides Myristicaceae Virola calophylla Wild nutmeg Ucuuba Iryanthera uleii Dead-bark Osteophloeum Ucuuba-amarela platyspermum Lauraceae Mezilaurus itauba Itaúba Persea americana Avocado Abacate Aniba canella Casca preciosa Aniba roseadora Pau rosa Ocotea rubra Louro-gamela Peperomia Piperaceae Ant-garden macrostachya Nymphaeaceae Victoria amazonica Amazon-lily Victoria-regia Menispermaceae Ulmaceae Trema micrantha Trema, Periquitinho Moraceae Clarisia racemosa Guariúba Naucleopsis Miratinga, Pau pica caloneura Brosimim Amapá parinarioides Cecropia Cecropiaceae Purple cecropia Imbaúba roxa purpurascens Cecropia sciadophylla Cecropia Imbaúba-torém Caruru-bravo, Bredo- Phytolaccaceae Phytolacca rivinoides Pokeweed roxo Epiphyllum Cactaceae Cactus phyllanthus Polygonaceae Coccoloba spp. Water-grape? Symeria paniculata Carauaçuzeiro Tetracera Dilleniaceae Water-vine Cipó d'agua willdenowiana Pinzona coriaceae Fire-vine Cipó-de-fôgo Caryocaraceae Caryocar villosum Piquiá Caryocar glabrum Piquiarana Margraviaceae Marcgravia Quiinaceae Clusiaceae Vismia cayennensis Lacre-branco Vismia guianensis Lacre-vermelho Symphonia Ananí used for cerol? globulifera Elaeocarpaceae Sterculiaceae Sterculia frondosa Tacacá Waltheria -
2011 Vol. 14, Issue 3
Department of Botany & the U.S. National Herbarium The Plant Press New Series - Vol. 14 - No. 3 July-September 2011 Island Explorations and Evolutionary Investigations By Vinita Gowda or over a century the Caribbean eastward after the Aves Ridge was formed On joining the graduate program region, held between North and to the West. Although the Lesser Antilles at The George Washington University FSouth America, has been an active is commonly referred to as a volcani- in Washington, D.C., in the Fall of area of research for people with interests cally active chain of islands, not all of the 2002, I decided to investigate adapta- in island biogeography, character evolu- Lesser Antilles is volcanic. Based on geo- tion in plant-pollinator interactions tion, speciation, as well as geology. Most logical origin and elevation all the islands using a ‘multi-island’ comparative research have invoked both dispersal and of the Lesser Antilles can be divided into approach using the Caribbean Heliconia- vicariance processes to explain the distri- two groups: a) Limestone Caribbees (outer hummingbird interactions as the study bution of the local flora and fauna, while arc: calcareous islands with a low relief, system. Since I was interested in under- ecological interactions such as niche dating to middle Eocene to Pleistocene), standing factors that could influence partitioning and ecological adaptations and b) Volcanic Caribbees (inner arc: plant-pollinator mutualistic interactions have been used to explain the diversity young volcanic islands with strong relief, between the geographically distinct within the Caribbean region. One of dating back to late Miocene). islands, I chose three strategic islands of the biggest challenges in understanding the Lesser Antilles: St. -
IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants Released
Department of Botany and the U.S. National Herbarium The Plant Press National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution New Series - Vol. 1 - No. 3 May - June 1998 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants Released ne out of eight plant species Program, an extensive global network of The Red List shows that 380 species worldwide is at risk of extinc- scientists was established to assemble and have become extinct in the wild, with an Otion, according to the most monitor vital information on the conserva- additional 371 species listed as Extinct/ comprehensive scientific assessment tion status of plants in this diverse region. Endangered. Over 6,500 species are ever assembled on the status of the Staff in the department and the plant categorized as Endangered, indicating world’s plants. This announcement was collections in the U.S. National Herbarium their numbers have been drastically made on April 8 at a press conference at were an invaluable source of information reduced to a critical level and they are the Smithsonian’s National Museum of on taxonomy, distribution and conserva- deemed to be in immediate danger of Natural History as the 1997 IUCN Red tion status. This scientific data is a major extinction. Threat assessments are List of Threatened Plants was released. component of the Red List. assigned according to the pre-1994 IUCN The IUCN Red List reveals that 12.5%, Of the estimated 270,000 known threat categories. The introduction to the or 34,000, of the world’s vascular plant species of vascular plants, which include book details the purpose and history of species are threatened. -
Woody and Herbaceous Plants Native to Haiti for Use in Miami-Dade Landscapes1
Woody and Herbaceous Plants Native to Haiti For use in Miami-Dade Landscapes1 Haiti occupies the western one third of the island of Hispaniola with the Dominican Republic the remainder. Of all the islands within the Caribbean basin Hispaniola possesses the most varied flora after that of Cuba. The plants contained in this review have been recorded as native to Haiti, though some may now have been extirpated due in large part to severe deforestation. Less than 1.5% of the country’s original tree-cover remains. Haiti’s future is critically tied to re- forestation; loss of tree cover has been so profound that exotic fast growing trees, rather than native species, are being used to halt soil erosion and lessen the risk of mudslides. For more information concerning Haiti’s ecological plight consult references at the end of this document. For present purposes all of the trees listed below are native to Haiti, which is why non-natives such as mango (the most widely planted tree) and other important trees such as citrus, kassod tree (Senna siamea) and lead tree (Leucanea leucocephala) are not included. The latter two trees are among the fast growing species used for re-forestation. The Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History’s Flora of the West Indies was an invaluable tool in assessing the range of plants native to Haiti. Not surprisingly many of the listed trees and shrubs 1 John McLaughlin Ph.D. U.F./Miami-Dade County Extension Office, Homestead, FL 33030 Page | 1 are found in other parts of the Caribbean with some also native to South Florida. -
Los Platanillos Del Medio Caqueta
LOS PLATANILLOS DEL MEDIO CAQUETA LAS HELICONIAS Y EL PHENAKOSPERMUM WILD PLANTA/NS IN THE MIDDLE CAQUETA Heliconia and Phenakospermum Trabajo realizado bajo convenio con el Instituto de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia Xatli Martínez* Gloria Galeano** * Fundación Tropenbos Colombia ** Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Nacional de Colombia • COMITE EDITORIAL - EDITORIAL COMMITTEE PROGRAMA TROPENBOS Juan Guillermo Saldarriaga y Thomas van der Hammen (editores generales - general editors) Brian Boom, USA, New York Botanical Garden Antaine Cleef, Universidad de Amsterdam Abdón Cortés, Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano Camilo Domínguez, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Darío Fajardo, Corporación Araracuara Santiago Fonseca, Procadi louise O. Fresco, Universidad Wageningen Otto Huber, Venezuela Dimas Malagón, Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi -IGAC Roelof A. A. O/deman, Universidad Wageningen Roberto Pineda, Universidad de los Andes Guillean Prance, Inglaterra, Kew Garden Peter Raven, USA, Missouri Botanical Garden Jan Sevink, Universidad de Amsterdam Carlos Valenzue/a, Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences (ITC) Alfred Zinck, Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences (ITC) Portada: Heliconia stricta Huber Fotografía de Gloria Galeano Diseño: Azucena Martínez A. Composición de textos y artes: Soporte Editorial Impresión: Editorial Presencia Primera Edición: 1994 © 1994 Copyright TROPENBOS COLOMBIA Todos los derechos son reservados, incluyendo las traducciones a otros idiomas. Ninguna parte de esta publicación puede ser reproducida en imprenta, fotocopia o microfichas, sin autorización escrita de los autores. Ali rights reserved, including those of translation into foreign languages. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm or any other means without written permission from the authors. Estudios en la Amazonia colombiana. -
Plant–Pollinator Interactions and Floral Convergence in Two Species Of
Oecologia DOI 10.1007/s00442-011-2043-8 PLANT-ANIMAL INTERACTIONS - ORIGINAL PAPER Plant–pollinator interactions and floral convergence in two species of Heliconia from the Caribbean Islands Silvana Marte´n-Rodrı´guez • W. John Kress • Ethan J. Temeles • Elvia Mele´ndez-Ackerman Received: 4 April 2010 / Accepted: 26 May 2011 Ó Springer-Verlag 2011 Abstract Variation in interspecific interactions across nectar chambers and long corollas, whereas on Hispaniola, geographic space is a potential driver of diversification and H. bihai flowers resembled those of H. caribaea with local adaptation. This study quantitatively examined vari- longer nectar chambers and shorter corolla tubes. Mor- ation in floral phenotypes and pollinator service of Heli- phological variation in floral traits corresponded with conia bihai and H. caribaea across three Antillean islands. geographic differences or similarities in the major pollin- The prediction was that floral characters would correspond ators on each island. The Hispaniolan mango, Anthraco- to the major pollinators of these species on each island. thorax dominicus, is the principal pollinator of both Analysis of floral phenotypes revealed convergence among H. bihai and H. caribaea on Hispaniola; thus, the similarity species and populations of Heliconia from the Greater of floral phenotypes between Heliconia species suggests Antilles. All populations of H. caribaea were similar, parallel selective regimes imposed by the principal polli- characterized by long nectar chambers and short corolla nator. Likewise, divergence between H. bihai populations tubes. In contrast, H. bihai populations were strongly from Dominica and Hispaniola corresponded with differ- divergent: on Dominica, H. bihai had flowers with short ences in the pollinators visiting this species on the two islands. -
Conservation of Tropical Plant Biodiversity: What Have We Done, Where Are We Going?
ATBC 50TH ANNIVERSARY REVIEWS BIOTROPICA 45(6): 693–708 2013 10.1111/btp.12064 REVIEW Conservation of Tropical Plant Biodiversity: What Have We Done, Where Are We Going? Gary A. Krupnick Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, U.S.A. ABSTRACT Plant biodiversity in the tropics is threatened by intense anthropogenic pressures. Deforestation, habitat degradation, habitat fragmenta- tion, overexploitation, invasive species, pollution, global climate change, and the synergies among them have had a major impact on bio- diversity. This review paper provides a brief, yet comprehensive and broad, overview of the main threats to tropical plant biodiversity and how they differ from threats in temperate regions. The Global Strategy for Plant Conservation, an international program with 16 global targets set for 2020 aimed at understanding, conserving, and using sustainably the world’s plant biodiversity, is then used as a framework to explore efforts in assessing and managing tropical plant conservation in a changing world. Progress on 13 of the 16 out- come-oriented targets of the Strategy is explored at the pantropical scale. Within each target, I address current challenges in assessing and managing tropical plant biodiversity, identify key questions that should be addressed, and suggest ways for how these challenges might be overcome. Abstract in Spanish is available in the online version of this article. Key words: climate change; global strategy for plant conservation; management; protected areas; threatened species; tropical ecosystems. OUR WORLD IS IN TROUBLE. Natural habitats are diminishing at 35 percent of all terrestrial ecoregions fall within the tropical and alarming rates.