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Smithsonian Plant Collections, Guyana: 1990 - 1991, Tim Mcdowell SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Contributions from the United States National Herbarium Volume 50: 1 - 150 Smithsonian Plant Collections, Guyana: 1990 - 1991, Tim McDowell by Tom Hollowell Tim McDowell V.A. Funk Carol L. Kelloff and Doorjoohan Gopaul Department of Botany National Museum of Natural History Washington, DC 2004 ABSTRACT Hollowell, Tom, Tim McDowell, V.A. Funk, Carol L. Kelloff and Doorjoohan Gopaul. Smithsonian Plant Collections, Guyana: 1990 - 1991, Tim McDowell. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, Volume 50: 150 pages (including 8 plates). Part I provides the collector’s notes on trips in chronological order. Part II lists collection localities, with collection number ranges, habitat descriptions, geographic coordinates, and assisting collectors. Part III consists of maps of Guyana showing collecting localites. Part IV lists collections in numerical order with identifications and authors. Part V lists collections ordered by determined name. KEY WORDS: Guyana, Botanical Collecting, Nomenclature DATE OF PUBLICATION: December 2004 Cover Design by Alice Tangerini. Illustrations by Cathy Pasquale, courtesy of the Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution. Front cover: Lampadaria rupestris Feuillet & L.E. Skog (Gesneriaceae); back cover: Paradrymonia barbata Feuillet & L.E. Skog (Gesneriaceae), both from Feuillet, C. and L.E. Skog. 2002 (2003). Novae Gesneriaceae Neotropicarum XII. New species of Gesneriaceae from the Guianas. Brittonia 54 (4): 352-361. Front piece (p. 4) Justicia mcdowellii Wassh. (Acanthaceae), from Wasshausen, D.C. 2002. New species of Justicia (Acanthaceae) from the Guianas. Brittonia, 54(4): 286–297. All photographs by Tim McDowell, except as noted, courtesy of the Smithsonian Institution’s Biological Diversity of the Guiana Shield Program. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium (ISSN 0097-1618) Department of Botany, MRC 166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, USA. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Contributions U.S. National Herbarium, Department of Botany MRC 166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, USA. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48—1984. Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium was first published in 1890 by The United States Department of Agriculture. From July 1, 1902 forward it was published as a Bulletin of the United States National Museum. The series was discontinued after volume 38, 1974, and has been revived with volume 39, as a venue for publishing longer taxonomic papers, checklists, floras, and monographs, produced by staff and associates at the U.S. National Herbarium. It is externally peer reviewed, and published at irregular intervals. Subscriptions and other correspondence should be addressed to CUSNH, Department of Botany, MRC 166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, USA. e-mail: [email protected]. The present issue is available for free while supplies last. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….……………………… 5 The Biological Diversity of the Guiana Shield Program ....…....................……........... 5 Tim McDowell…....….….…….….….……..….….….….…....….……………………....…........ 7 Format of Collection Information ….….….….…..….….….….….………………………..… 9 References …….…..….…..….…..…..….….….….….….…..….….….….……………………….. 10 Acknowledgments…….….….….….….….…….….….………………………..…..…................. 12 Contributors of Identifications ….…….….….….….….….….….….………………......... 12 Collections of Special Interest .…….….…….….….….….….….….……………………….….. 15 I: NOTES ON TRIPS .……………………………….….….….…….….….….….……………….……... 19 II: COLLECTION LOCALITIES .….….….….….….….….….….….….….…..….………………...... 45 III: COLLECTION LOCALITY MAPS ….…………………….….….….…..….……………………... 63 IV: COLLECTIONS BY NUMBER ….….….………………………….….…..….…………………….... 67 V: COLLECTIONS BY DETERMINED TAXA .......………………………….….….….…..….….... 123 PLATES….….…….…….…….…….…….…….…….…….…….…….…….…….…….………….….…...…... 149 Illustration of the type collection of Justicia mcdowellii Wassh., based on McDowell 3473. From the publication in Brittonia 54: 293 (2002). Illustration by Cathy Pasquale. Guyana Plant Collections: T. McDowell 5 Smithsonian Plant Collections, Guyana: 1990-1991, Tim McDowell Tom Hollowell1, Tim McDowell2, V.A. Funk1, Carol L. Kelloff1, and Doorjoohan Gopaul3 INTRODUCTION The Biological Diversity of the Guiana southwest, a major tributary of the Amazon River, Shield Program and the Amazon River to the South (Gibbs & Barron, 1993). The Orinoco River and Río Negro The “Biological Diversity of the Guiana are connected by the substantianl Rio Casiquiare, Shield Program” (BDG, formerly the Biological making much of this geological area a literal Diversity of the Guianas Program) is a field- island. The Guiana Shield contains many isolated, oriented program of the Smithsonian Institution’s steep-sided mountains of sandstone (tepuis) and (SI) National Museum of Natural History. The granite (inselbergs) which, along with the goal of the BDG is to study, document and assortment of habitats including tropical preserve the biological diversity of the Guiana savannas, lowland and montane forests, and Shield, which includes Guyana, Surinam, French montane scrub, account for the high diversity and Guiana, the Venezuelan states of Amazonas, endemicity of the flora and fauna (Berry et al., Bolívar and Delta Amacuro, and parts of southern 1995). Colombia and far northern Brazil. The BDG program has been operating since 1983. Unlike many other tropical regions, more Originally confined to botany, it now covers all than 70% of the natural habitat of the Guiana aspects of biodiversity. Its fieldwork in countries Shield remains pristine. In the three Guianas in other than Guyana has been limited to date, particular, because national governments own however data gathering and analyses of diversity most of the land and the population is are increasingly focused on the natural unit of concentrated along the coast and major rivers, the Guiana Shield (Escudo de Guayana in destructive development of the interior has been Spanish) rather than political units. In Guyana kept to a minimum until recently. Conservation the BDG operates under the auspices of the efforts vary within the region. In parts of Surinam University of Guyana (UG) with which it has a and the Venezuelan Guayana large tracts of Memorandum of Understanding. extremely interesting forest and their accompanying biota have been designated for The Guiana Shield (Figure 1) is a biologically conservation. The process of establishing diverse area defined by a distinct, ancient protected areas is in its early stages in Guyana, geological formation that is roughly bounded by while much of French Guiana is under low threat the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the Orinoco River even without a fully implemented protected areas to the north and west, the Río Negro to the system. Many natural areas in both Guyana and 1: Biological Diversity of the Guiana Shield Program, MRC 166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20013-7012, USA. 2: Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614-0703 USA. 3: Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Guyana, Turkeyen Campus, Georgetown, Guyana 6 Guyana Plant Collections: T. McDowell Figure 1. The Guiana Shield. Boundaries are adapted from Gibbs and Barron (1993). The dashed boundary includes isolated outliers of similar geologic composition that are sometimes included in the Shield. the Venezuelan Guayana are designated as fill these gaps by providing specimens and data concessions, and are therefore seriously threatened to address biodiversity questions about many by resource extraction activities as practiced by groups of organisms and assist a variety of multinational logging and mining companies. All research and conservation projects. This new of the countries have areas that have suffered information is now being used to produce degradation due to gold miners originating from checklists, vegetation maps, and floristic and both within and outside of national boundaries. faunistic studies. In addition, the BDG program is exploring uses of these data that will lead to a It is important that we gain an understanding synthesis of information addressing broader of the flora and fauna of the Guiana Shield so biodiversity issues and understanding (Funk and that decisions can be made concerning critical Richardson, 2002; Kelloff, 2003; Funk et al., in areas that have high priority for conservation and press; Kelloff and Funk, 2004). to guide the collection of data from areas that might ultimately become degraded. In addition, Prior to the BDG’s work, Guyana was poorly because this region has been long neglected by known biologically, with sparse documentation biologists, it is often an area of “insufficient of the composition and distribution of its biota. information” for analyses of many biological After 18 years of collecting, the BDG Program groups. For many years most collectors bypassed has produced works important to the Guyana in particular. The BDG program aims to understanding of Guyana’s biological diversity Guyana Plant Collections: T. McDowell 7 and in assisting Guyana with conservation efforts. Although the program operates out of the The BDG Program
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