2011 Vol. 14, Issue 3
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Geology the Island of Nevis Consists of a Single Volcanic Complex Made up of a Series of Volcanic Domes Or Centres
Nevis Geology The island of Nevis consists of a single volcanic complex made up of a series of volcanic domes or centres. Although Nevis is made up primarily of volcanic material, the oldest outcropping rock on the island is a conglomerate containing blocks of crystallised limestone that contain fossils of mid-Eocene age (Hutton 1965). Seven volcanic centres have been identified on Nevis: Hurricane Hill, Round Hill, Cades Bay, Saddle Hill, Red Cliff, Butler’s Mountain and Nevis Peak (Hutton 1965; Hutton and Nockolds 1978). These centres have been interpreted as remnants of lava domes that were generated by effusive eruptions. Ages for Hurricane Hill, Round Hill and Cades Bay range from 3.43 to 2.7 Ma, and these are considered the oldest centres. Extrusive activity at the Round Hill and Cades Bay centres seems to have been controlled by a NW-SE trending feeder system, and that of Hurricane Hill by a NE-SW trending system (Geothermica Italiana 1991). Saddle Hill and Butler’s Mountain have yielded radiometric ages of 1.80 and 1.10 Ma respectively, and are therefore somewhat younger. The small eruptive centre of Red Cliff is interpreted as a remnant of a volcanic cone whose source was probably situated slightly east of the present shoreline and is now removed by wave action (Geothermica Italiana 1991). No radiometric age is available for Red Hill, but the relative freshness of the lava led Hutton and Nockolds (1978) to suggest an age comparable to that of Nevis Peak (1 Ma). These older volcanic centres discussed above are unlikely to be the sites of future volcanic activity. -
197-1572431971.Pdf
Innovare Journal of Critical Reviews Academic Sciences ISSN- 2394-5125 Vol 2, Issue 2, 2015 Review Article EPIPREMNUM AUREUM (JADE POTHOS): A MULTIPURPOSE PLANT WITH ITS MEDICINAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES ANJU MESHRAM, NIDHI SRIVASTAVA* Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Rajasthan, India Email: [email protected] Received: 13 Dec 2014 Revised and Accepted: 10 Jan 2015 ABSTRACT Plants belonging to the Arum family (Araceae) are commonly known as aroids as they contain crystals of calcium oxalate and toxic proteins which can cause intense irritation of the skin and mucous membranes, and poisoning if the raw plant tissue is eaten. Aroids range from tiny floating aquatic plants to forest climbers. Many are cultivated for their ornamental flowers or foliage and others for their food value. Present article critically reviews the growth conditions of Epipremnum aureum (Linden and Andre) Bunting with special emphasis on their ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological activities, beneficial to both human and the environment. In this article, we review the origin, distribution, brief morphological characters, medicinal and pharmacological properties of Epipremnum aureum, commonly known as ornamental plant having indoor air pollution removing capacity. There are very few reports to the medicinal properties of E. aureum. In our investigation, it has been found that each part of this plant possesses antibacterial, anti-termite and antioxidant properties. However, apart from these it can also turn out to be anti-malarial, anti- cancerous, anti-tuberculosis, anti-arthritis and wound healing etc which are a severe international problem. In the present study, details about the pharmacological actions of medicinal plant E. aureum (Linden and Andre) Bunting and Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engl. -
3.44 ,L Regional Director, U.S.{Fisl1 a D Wildlife Service
RECOVERY PLAN for Pleodendron macranthum and Eugenia haematocarpa Prepared by Kenneth W. Foote Bequerdn Field Office US. Fish and Wildlife Service Boquerbn, Puerto Rico for the US. Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region Atlanta, Georgia 3.44 ,L Regional Director, U.S.{Fisl1 a d Wildlife Service Date: DISCLAIMER Recovery Plans delineate reasonable actions which are believed to be required to recover and/or protect species. Plans are published by the US. Fish and Wildlife Service, sometimes prepared with the assistance of recovery teams, contractors, State (Commonwealth) agencies, and others. Plans are reviewed by the public and submitted to additional peer review before they are adopted by the Service. Objectives will be attained and any necessary funds made available subject to and other constraints the involved as as to budgetary affecting parties , well the need address other priorities- Recovery plans do not obligate other parties to undertake specific tasks and may not represent the views or the official positions or approval of any individuals or agencies involved in formulating the plan, other then the US. Fish and Wildlife Service. Recovery plans represent the official position of the US. Fish and Wildlife Service only after they have been signed by the Regional Director or Director as approved. Approved recovery plans are subject to modification as dictated by new findings, changes in species status, and the completion of recovery tasks. By approving this document, the Regional Director certifies that the data used in its development represent the best scientific and commercial data available at the time it was written. Copies of all documents reviewed in the development of the plan are available in the administrative record, located at the Boqueron Field Office. -
Some Notes on Philodendron Hybrids
WEST AND MILLER: PHILODENDRON HYBRIDS 343 Spray all plantings regularly or apply zineb 7. Dust corms immediately after they are dust (6 percent active) when spraying can cleaned with 10% captan dust, or dip for 15 not be carried out. minutes in 12 lb. captan 50W (Orthocide) per 2. Spray twice weekly after plants are in 100 gal. Before planting, dip the corms in jured by frost or chemicals, or after the disease Dowicide B or in N.I. Ceresan solution as appears on the plants. recommended for Fusarium control. Use a 3. After the disease appears, spray or dust wetting agent such as Triton X-100 in the the spikes after each heavy rain in addition to dips. the regular two sprayings each week. Con LITERATURE CITED tinue spraying once a week after the flowers 1. Anonymous. De Botrytis-aantasting van Glatlio- are cut. lusknollen. Verslagen En Mededelingen Van De Plantenziektenkundige Te Wageningen, No. 97. Octo 4. When spraying twice weekly, alternate ber 1948. maneb with zineb. 2. Bald, J. G. Gladiolus diseases. A progress report 5. If the weather makes it impractical to on current research compiled from discussions at the Eighth Annual Convention, North American Gladiolus apply sprays or dusts properly, dip the spike Council Cleveland, Ohio, Jan. 15-18, 1953. 11 pp. Mimeo. heads for 5 seconds on arrival at packing 3. Comeadow, W. A. New fungicides for gladiolus. house in one of the following preparations: Gladiolus Magazine 12:9-11, 40. 1948. a) Puratized Agricultural Spray, one pint per 4. Dimock, A. W. Epiphytotic of Botrytis blight on gladiolus in Florida. -
Geothermal Activity and Development in East Caribbean Islands
Presented at “Short Course on Geothermal Drilling, Resource Development and Power Plants”, organized by UNU-GTP and LaGeo, in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, January 16-22, 2011. GEOTHERMAL TRAINING PROGRAMME LaGeo S.A. de C.V. GEOTHERMAL ACTIVITY AND DEVELOPMENT IN EAST CARIBBEAN ISLANDS Anelda Maynard-Date, Cartwright N. Farrell Nevis Electricity Company Limited Charlestown Commercial Site NEVIS [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT The geothermal activities on the 11 islands of the Eastern Caribbean have increased in the last six years. These islands, hosting 21 volcanoes were estimated by USDOE to have collectively 16,310 MWe of geothermal energy. In 2004 Guadeloupe upgraded its 4.7MWe plant to 15.7MWe and is the only island in the Eastern Caribbean having a geothermal plant. The Organisation of American States funded a programme that carried out geochemical, geological and geophysical studies on Nevis; geological and geophysical studies on Dominica; and reinterpreted the data from St. Lucia in 2004 and 2005. In 2007 Nevis gave a licence for exploratory work to West Indies Power Holdings (WIPH). In 2008 the government of Dominica signed an agreement for exploration, development, and export of power with the French islands of Martinique and Guadeloupe from the Wotten Waven area. They also signed an agreement with WIPH for the Galion- Soufriere area. WIPH began negotiations with the government of Saba. Three slim-hole wells were drilled in Nevis with attendant steam from two. In 2009 Nevis Island Administration signed a government contract and a power purchase agreement for the supply of geothermal power from WIPH. The initial power supplied will be 10MWe to Nevis and then another 25MWe to St. -
St Lucia 44 St Vincent and the Grenadines 47 Suriname 50 Trinidad and Tobago 52
~ . ' ,....•..•.•.........•....../. , . /": , .. ' ..""", .. " ," , "0" : .... ~ '" .. ~. • .' ': THE' THE· .~.... " . ,'. '....... .. ." .. ·0·• ••... ....••... '. ... .>~..•••........",-, j. ', .. ;;. •••••.•. :••.j.•...••, •.•••.•.••. :.. " " '''', -'... ', . ..'.. .. ...~ ~ European Commission Directorate-General for Development Unit 'Communications, publications and The ACP-EU Courier' rue de la Loi 200, B-1049 Brussels Telephone: 299 30 62 - Fax: 299 25 25 Manuscript completed in December 1994. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1995 © ECSC-EC-EAEC Brussels • Luxembourg, 1995 Reproduction is authorized, except for commercial purposes, provided the source is acknowledged Printed in Germany CONTENTS _________ ] Introduction 3 The European Union and Development Co-operation 4 The Union in Europe and in the World The Lome Convention and the Association of the Overseas Countries and 4 Territories with the Union The Caribbean and the European Union 6 Economic and political situation of the Caribbean 6 Instruments of EU-Caribbean co-operation 8 Regional co-operation 11 Co-operation with ACP States Antigua and Barbuda 18 The Bahamas 20 Barbados 22 Belize 25 Dominica 27 Dominican Republic 30 Grenada 33 Guyana 35 Haiti 37 Jamaica 39 St Christopher and Nevis 42 St Lucia 44 St Vincent and the Grenadines 47 Suriname 50 Trinidad and Tobago 52 Co-operation with the Overseas Countries and Territories Anguilla 54 British Virgin Islands 56 Cayman Islands 58 Montserrat 59 Netherlands Antilles and Aruba 61 Turks -
Mussaendas for South Florida Landscapes
MUSSAENDAS FOR SOUTH FLORIDA LANDSCAPES John McLaughlin* and Joe Garofalo* Mussaendas are increasingly popular for the surrounding calyx has five lobes, with one lobe showy color they provide during much of the year conspicuously enlarged, leaf-like and usually in South Florida landscapes. They are members brightly colored. In some descriptions this of the Rubiaceae (madder or coffee family) and enlarged sepal is termed a calycophyll. In many are native to the Old World tropics, from West of the cultivars all five sepals are enlarged, and Africa through the Indian sub-continent, range in color from white to various shades of Southeast Asia and into southern China. There pink to carmine red. are more than 200 known species, of which about ten are found in cultivation, with three of these There are a few other related plants in the being widely used for landscaping. Rubiaceae that also possess single, enlarged, brightly colored sepals. These include the so- called wild poinsettia, Warszewiczia coccinea, DESCRIPTION. national flower of Trinidad; and Pogonopus The mussaendas used in landscapes are open, speciosus (Chorcha de gallo)(see Figure 1). somewhat scrambling shrubs, and range from 2-3 These are both from the New World tropics and ft to 10-15 ft in height, depending upon the both are used as ornamentals, though far less species. In the wild, some can climb 30 ft into frequently than the mussaendas. surrounding trees, though in cultivation they rarely reach that size. The fruit is a small (to 3/4”), fleshy, somewhat elongated berry containing many seeds. These Leaves are opposite, bright to dark green, and are rarely seen under South Florida conditions. -
Monocotyledons and Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Contributions from the United States National Herbarium Volume 52: 1-415 Monocotyledons and Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands Editors Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez and Mark T. Strong Department of Botany National Museum of Natural History Washington, DC 2005 ABSTRACT Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro and Mark T. Strong. Monocots and Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, volume 52: 415 pages (including 65 figures). The present treatment constitutes an updated revision for the monocotyledon and gymnosperm flora (excluding Orchidaceae and Poaceae) for the biogeographical region of Puerto Rico (including all islets and islands) and the Virgin Islands. With this contribution, we fill the last major gap in the flora of this region, since the dicotyledons have been previously revised. This volume recognizes 33 families, 118 genera, and 349 species of Monocots (excluding the Orchidaceae and Poaceae) and three families, three genera, and six species of gymnosperms. The Poaceae with an estimated 89 genera and 265 species, will be published in a separate volume at a later date. When Ackerman’s (1995) treatment of orchids (65 genera and 145 species) and the Poaceae are added to our account of monocots, the new total rises to 35 families, 272 genera and 759 species. The differences in number from Britton’s and Wilson’s (1926) treatment is attributed to changes in families, generic and species concepts, recent introductions, naturalization of introduced species and cultivars, exclusion of cultivated plants, misdeterminations, and discoveries of new taxa or new distributional records during the last seven decades. -
Pollination and Botanic Gardens Contribute to the Next Issue of Roots
Botanic Gardens Conservation International Education Review Volume 17 • Number 1 • May 2020 Pollination and botanic gardens Contribute to the next issue of Roots The next issue of Roots is all about education and technology. As this issue goes to press, most botanic gardens around the world are being impacted by the spread of the coronavirus Covid-19. With many Botanic Gardens Conservation International Education Review Volume 16 • Number 2 • October 2019 Citizen gardens closed to the public, and remote working being required, Science educators are having to find new and innovative ways of connecting with visitors. Technology is playing an ever increasing role in the way that we develop and deliver education within botanic gardens, making this an important time to share new ideas and tools with the community. Have you developed a new and innovative way of engaging your visitors through technology? Are you using technology to engage a Botanic Gardens Conservation International Education Review Volume 17 • Number 1 • April 2020 wider audience with the work of your garden? We are currently looking for a variety of contributions including Pollination articles, education resources and a profile of an inspirational garden and botanic staff member. gardens To contribute, please send a 100 word abstract to [email protected] by 15th June 2020. Due to the global impacts of COVID-19, BGCI’s 7th Global Botanic Gardens Congress is being moved to the Australian spring. Join us in Melbourne, 27 September to 1 October 2021, the perfect time to visit Victoria. Influence and Action: Botanic Gardens as Agents of Change will explore how botanic gardens can play a greater role in shaping our future. -
Fl. China 19: 231–242. 2011. 56. MUSSAENDA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1
Fl. China 19: 231–242. 2011. 56. MUSSAENDA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 177. 1753. 玉叶金花属 yu ye jin hua shu Chen Tao (陈涛); Charlotte M. Taylor Belilla Adanson. Trees, shrubs, or clambering or twining lianas, rarely dioecious, unarmed. Raphides absent. Leaves opposite or occasionally in whorls of 3, with or usually without domatia; stipules persistent or caducous, interpetiolar, entire or 2-lobed. Inflorescences terminal and sometimes also in axils of uppermost leaves, cymose, paniculate, or thyrsiform, several to many flowered, sessile to pedunculate, bracteate. Flowers sessile to pedicellate, bisexual and usually distylous or rarely unisexual. Calyx limb 5-lobed nearly to base, fre- quently some or all flowers of an inflorescence with 1(–5) white to colored, petaloid, persistent or deciduous, membranous, stipitate calycophyll(s) with 3–7 longitudinal veins. Corolla yellow, red, orange, white, or rarely blue (Mussaenda multinervis), salverform with tube usually slender then abruptly inflated around anthers, or rarely constricted at throat (M. hirsuta), inside variously pubescent but usually densely yellow clavate villous in throat; lobes 5, valvate-reduplicate in bud, often long acuminate. Stamens 5, inserted in middle to upper part of corolla tube, included; filaments short or reduced; anthers basifixed. Ovary 2-celled, ovules numerous in each cell, inserted on oblong, fleshy, peltate, axile placentas; stigmas 2-lobed, lobes linear, included or exserted. Fruit purple to black, baccate or perhaps rarely capsular (M. decipiens), fleshy, globose to ellipsoid, often conspicuously lenticellate, with calyx limb per- sistent or caducous often leaving a conspicuous scar; seeds numerous, small, angled to flattened; testa foveolate-striate; endosperm abundant, fleshy. -
Nevis Geological Profile
NEVIS GEOLOGICAL PROFILE SUMMARY The island of Nevis consists of a single volcanic complex made up of a series of volcanic domes or centres. There have been no recent signs of increased activity on Nevis; however, frequent shallow earthquake swarms and hydrothermal activity associated with the Nevis Peak volcanic centre indicate that this centre is potentially active, and an increase in activity could occur at any time. Caption: View looking southeast at the main edifice of Nevis Peak and the older dome of Butlers Mountain (to the left). Note the communities living on the northern flank of Nevis Peak, this area is a pyroclastic fan developed in a prehistoric eruption of Nevis Peak. View is taken from near the gps benchmark on Round Hill. GEOLOGY The island of Nevis is situated in the northern region of the Lesser Antilles. Nevis is 93 km2 in size and has a population of ~ 9,000 people. The highest point on Nevis is Nevis Peak, rising to 984 m (3232 ft) and this mountain represents a typical andesitic lava dome characteristic of the Lesser Antilles. Although the island of Nevis is made up primarily of volcanic material, the oldest rock outcropping on the island is a small conglomerate unit containing blocks of crystalline limestone that contain fossils of mid-Eocene age. Caption: Generalised geological map (modified from Hutton & Nockolds, 1978) Seven volcanic centres have been identified on Nevis: Hurricane Hill, Round Hill, Cades Bay, Saddle Hill, Red Cliff, Butlers Mountain and Nevis Peak. These centres have been interpreted as remnants of lava domes that were generated by effusive volcanic activity. -
A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Division of the University of Hawai'i in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Of
FLOWERING IN HELICONIA ROSTRATA RUIZ & PA VON A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI'I IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN HORTICULTURE DECEMBER 2000 BY Norberto Maciel Dissertation Committee: Richard A. Criley, Chairperson Kent D. Kobayashi Robert Pauli Willian S. Sakai David Webb IN MEMORIAM Antonio Oliveira De Sousa (My Father) Because pursuing this goal I did not share his last moments 111 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my chairperson. Dr. Richard A. Criley for inviting me come to the University of Hawaii, his guidance, and understanding. I very much appreciate my other committee members Dr. Kent D. Kobayashi, Dr. Robert Pauli, Dr. William S. Sakai, and Dr. David D. Webb for their assistance and suggestions. Thanks to: Dr. Osamu Kawabata for the suggestions in the statistical analysis; Dr. David D. Webb and Dr. Adelheid Kuehnle for the help with equipment and chemicals; and Mr Bob Hirano and the Lyon Arboretum for providing material of Heliconia rostrata used in one of the experiments. My special thanks to Mr Ronald Matsuda and Craig Okasaki of the Magoon facility for the great help. I want to express my gratitude to faculty, staff and colleagues in the Department of Horticulture for sharing with me their skills, help, and friendship. I will never forget the help and kindness of the friends that I meet in Hawaii, especially for the scholarly help from Derrick Agboka, Renee and Adrian Ares, Douglas Gaskill, Michael Melzer, Javier Mendez, Monica Mejia, Teresa Restom and Mario Serracin.