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Clinical Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Common Conditions in Kenya

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Clinical Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Common Conditions in Kenya Clinical Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Common Conditions in Kenya Table of Contents Clinical Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Common Conditions in Kenya..................................1 FOREWORD..........................................................................................................................................3 PREFACE...............................................................................................................................................4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.......................................................................................................................5 ABBREVIATIONS...................................................................................................................................5 1. ACUTE INJURIES AND TRAUMA & SELECTED EMERGENCIES..................................................7 1.1. Anaphylaxis & Cardiac Arrest...................................................................................................7 1.2. Abdominal Trauma....................................................................................................................8 1.3. Bites & Rabies.........................................................................................................................10 1.4. Burns.......................................................................................................................................13 1.5. Disaster Plan...........................................................................................................................16 1.6. Head Injury..............................................................................................................................19 1.7. Multiple Injury Patient..............................................................................................................21 1.8. Pneumothorax & Haemothorax...............................................................................................21 1.9. Shock......................................................................................................................................22 1.10. Tracheostomy.......................................................................................................................26 2. AIDS & SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS.........................................................................27 2.1. HIV/AIDS in Kenya..................................................................................................................27 2.2. HIV Transmission & Prevention..............................................................................................28 2.3. Stages of Infection & Diagnosis of AIDS.................................................................................30 2.4. HIV Testing & Patient Education.............................................................................................36 2.5. Gonorrhoea & Urethral Discharge...........................................................................................38 2.6. Genital Discharge in the Female.............................................................................................38 2.7. Dysuria in the Female.............................................................................................................45 2.8. Lower Abdominal Pain in the Female.....................................................................................45 2.9. Genital Ulcer Disease.............................................................................................................46 2.10. Buboes or Swollen Inguinal Glands......................................................................................48 2.11. Genital Warts........................................................................................................................48 3. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES.....................................................................................................48 3.1. Congenital Heart Disease.......................................................................................................48 3.2. Deep Vein Thrombosis............................................................................................................51 3.3. Heart Failure...........................................................................................................................52 3.4. Hypertension...........................................................................................................................54 3.5. Pulmonary Oedema................................................................................................................58 3.6. Acute Myocardial Infarction.....................................................................................................59 3.7. Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF)................................................................................................60 3.8. Rheumatic Valvular Heart Disease.........................................................................................61 4. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM......................................................................................................62 4.1. Cerebral Palsy.........................................................................................................................62 4.2. Seizure Disorders....................................................................................................................63 5. DENTAL AND ORAL CONDITIONS.................................................................................................68 5.1. Abscess, Periapical.................................................................................................................68 5.2. Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (ANUG)......................................................................68 5.3. Alveolitis (Dry Socket).............................................................................................................69 5.4. Cellulitis (Oral).........................................................................................................................69 5.5. Gingivitis..................................................................................................................................70 5.6. Neoplasms, Salivary Gland & Hereditary/Developmental Disorders.......................................71 5.7. Pericoronitis............................................................................................................................71 5.8. Periodontitis............................................................................................................................72 5.9. Pulpitis.....................................................................................................................................72 5.10. Temporomandibular Joint Disorders.....................................................................................73 5.11. Trauma..................................................................................................................................74 6. EAR, NOSE AND THROAT CONDITIONS......................................................................................75 6.1. Acute Otitis Media...................................................................................................................75 6.2. Otitis Externa...........................................................................................................................76 6.3. Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM).............................................................................76 6.4. Epistaxis..................................................................................................................................77 6.5. Foreign Bodies in the Ears......................................................................................................78 6.6. Foreign Bodies in the Nose.....................................................................................................79 6.7. Mastoiditis...............................................................................................................................80 i Table of Contents Clinical Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Common Conditions in Kenya 6.8. Wax in Ear...............................................................................................................................80 6.9. Foreign Body in the Oesophagus............................................................................................81 6.10. Laryngotracheal Trauma.......................................................................................................81 6.11. Allergic Rhinitis......................................................................................................................81 6.12. Parotid Masses.....................................................................................................................82 6.13. ENT Manifestations of HIV/AIDS..........................................................................................83 6.14. Hearing Impairment...............................................................................................................83 6.15. Tracheostomy.......................................................................................................................83 7. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM CONDITIONS.............................................................................................83 7.1. Diabetes
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