JOINT OPERATIONAL PROGRAMME for the Estonia-Russia Cross-Border Cooperation Programme 2014-2020

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

JOINT OPERATIONAL PROGRAMME for the Estonia-Russia Cross-Border Cooperation Programme 2014-2020 JOINT OPERATIONAL PROGRAMME of Estonia-Russia Cross-Border Cooperation Programme 2014-2020 Table of Contents JOINT OPERATIONAL PROGRAMME of Estonia-Russia Cross-Border Cooperation Programme 2014-2020 ........................................................................................................................ 3 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 3 1. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROGRAMME AREA .......................................................................... 6 1.1. Programme area map .................................................................................................... 7 1.2. Core regions .................................................................................................................. 7 1.3. Adjoining regions ......................................................................................................... 7 1.4. Participation of the adjoining regions in Finland and Latvia ........................................ 9 2. PROGRAMME STRATEGY ....................................................................................................... 11 2.1. Strategic and thematic objectives and priorities ......................................................... 11 2.2. A justification of the chosen strategy .......................................................................... 14 2.2.1. Socio-Economic and environmental analysis of the programme area ........ 14 2.2.1.1. Business and SME development .............................................................. 21 2.2.1.2. Promotion of border management and border security, mobility and migration management.................................................................................... 30 2.2.1.3.Environmental protection, climate change mitigation and adaptation .... 34 2.2.1.4. Support for local & regional good governance ....................................... 41 2.2.2. Lessons learned from previous experiences in Cross Border Programmes 45 2.2.3. Coherence with other EU, national and regional strategies and EU financial instruments................................................................................................................. 47 2.2.4. Risk Analysis and Mitigating Measures ..................................................... 50 2.3. Description of ‘Objectively Verifiable Indicators’ (OVI) ......................................... 56 2.3.1. Expected result for each priority ................................................................ 56 2.4.Cross-cutting Issues ................................................................................................... 69 3. STRUCTURES AND APPOINTMENT OF THE COMPETENT AUTHORITIES AND MANAGEMENT BODIES ............................................................................................................... 70 3.1. The composition of the Joint Monitoring Committee and its tasks ......................... 71 3.2. Managing Authority and its designation process ..................................................... 72 3.3. National Authorities ................................................................................................. 76 3.4. Control contact points .............................................................................................. 77 3.5. The procedure for setting up the Joint Technical Secretariat, and branch offices and tasks ............................................................................................................................................... 78 3.6. The audit authority and members of the group of auditors ...................................... 79 1 4. PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION......................................................................................... 83 4.1. A summary description of the management and control systems ............................ 83 4.2. Timeframe for Programme implementation............................................................. 85 4.2.1. The basic principles for project beneficiaries ............................................. 86 4.3. A description of the project selection procedure ........................................................................ 88 4.4. A description of types of support per priority (a list of projects to be selected through direct procedures) ........................................................................................................................................ 91 4.5. A description of the planned use of Technical Assistance and applicable contract award procedures ....................................................................................................................................... 102 4.6. A description of monitoring and evaluation systems, together with an indicative monitoring and evaluation plan for the whole duration of the Programme (Annexe 1) ........................................... 102 4.7. Communications strategy for the whole programme period and an indicative information and communications plan for the first year (Annexe 2) ......................................................................... 103 4.8. Information of fulfilment of SEA requirements ....................................................................... 106 4.9. An indicative financial plan...................................................................................................... 108 4.10. Rules on the eligibility of expenditure ................................................................................... 113 4.11. The apportionment of liabilities amongst participating countries .......................................... 114 4.12. The rules for the transfer, use, and monitoring of co-financing ............................................. 115 4.13. A description of IT systems for the reporting and exchange of computerised data between the MA and the Commission ................................................................................................................. 116 4.14. Language adopted by the Programme .................................................................................... 116 Annex 1 Indicative monitoring and control plan ............................................................................. 117 Annex 2 Media plan and communication and visibility guidelines ................................................ 120 Annex 3 List of Acronyms .............................................................................................................. 128 2 JOINT OPERATIONAL PROGRAMME of Estonia-Russia Cross-Border Cooperation Programme 2014-2020 INTRODUCTION The Estonia – Russia Cross-Border Cooperation (CBC) Programme 2014–2020 (hereinafter referred to as The Programme) is co-financed by the European Union under the European Neighbourhood Instrument (ENI), the Republic of Estonia and the Russian Federation. The Programme has been developed as a joint effort between representatives of Estonia and Russia. The representatives of both countries who were involved in the Programme’s preparation process have been also actively involved in the implementation of the Estonia- Latvia-Russia Cross-Border Cooperation Programme 2007-2013 (hereinafter is referred to as EstLatRus) within the European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (hereinafter referred to as ENPI), and it is foreseen that they will be involved in the work of the Programme’s Joint Monitoring Committee (hereinafter referred to as JMC) in the future. Continuity between preparation and implementation contributes to effective management and the Programme’s result-orientated implementation. The Programme will complement overall European Union - Russia relations, focusing on the eligible border regions on both sides of the border. The Programme has been prepared in accordance with: - Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 966/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on the financial rules applicable to the general budget of the Union and repealing Council Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 1605/2002; - Regulation (EU) No 236/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 2014 laying down common rules and procedures for the implementation of the Union's instruments for financing external action; - Regulation (EU) No 232/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 2014 establishing a European Neighbourhood Instrument; - Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 897/2014 of 18 August 2014 laying down specific provisions for the implementation of cross-border cooperation programmes financed under Regulation (EU) No 232/2014 of the European Parliament and the Council establishing a European Neighbourhood Instrument; - Programming document for European Union support to ENI cross-border cooperation for the period 2014-2020 (Commission Implementing Decision C (2014)7172)); - The Concept for the Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation (adopted by the President of the Russian Federation on February 12th, 2013); - The Strategy of the Social and Economic Development of the North-West Region of the Russian Federation till 2020 approved with the Government Executive Order of the Russian Federation № 2074-р of November 18th, 2011; 3 - Federal law on procurement № 44-FZ of April 5th, 2013; - Tax Code of the Russian Federation; - Related decrees of the President of the Russian Federation and the Russian Government; The Concept of Cross-Border Cooperation of the Russian Federation; - The Concept
Recommended publications
  • A Guidebook to Historic City Centre
    a guidebookPskov to historic city centre This publication has been produced with the financial support of Latvia-Russia Cross-Border Cooperation Programme 2014-2020. Its contents are the sole responsibility of Pskov City Administration and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Programme, Programme participating countries Latvia and Russia, alongside with the European Union. 1 A specialof russian city history The ancient city of Pskov, located at the confluence of the Pskova and the Velikaya 16 Rivers, was first mentioned in the “Tale of Bygone Years” under the year 903. But its PSKOV history goes much further and IS MOTHER LAND dates back about 2000 years OF PRINCESS OLGA, according to archaeological the first Christian ruler data. of Rus and its first saint. Olga, during whose reign a fortified settlement turned into a town, is considered the founder and the patron saint of Pskov. Once, standing on the left bank of the Velikaya River, princess Olga saw the three rays of light 43 crossed at one spot on a high cliff covered with a forest and prophesied a big and glorious town to be founded there. A smithed cross and Olginskaya chapel at the place from where princess Olga saw the heavenly sign according to the legend. 2 The seal of Pskov Hospodariat Being initially the tribal centre of “krivichi” in the 10th – THE VECHE (ASSEMBLY) beginning of the 12th centuries, SQUARE Pskov was a part of Old Russian is the centre of political life state and then of Novgorod of Pskov of the 13th – 14th land. In 1348 it became the centuries.
    [Show full text]
  • Common Heritage Совместное Наследие
    COMMON HERITAGE СОВМЕСТНОЕ НАСЛЕДИЕ The multicultural heritage of Vyborg and its preservation Мультикультурное наследие Выборга и его сохранение COMMON HERITAGE СОВМЕСТНОЕ НАСЛЕДИЕ The multicultural heritage of Vyborg and its preservation Proceedings of the international seminar 13.–14.2.2014 at The Alvar Aalto library in Vyborg Мультикультурное наследие Выборга и его сохранение Труды мeждународного семинара 13.–14.2.2014 в Центральной городской библиотеке А. Аалто, Выборг Table of contents Оглавление Editor Netta Böök FOREWORD .................................................................6 Редактор Нетта Бёэк ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ Graphic design Miina Blot Margaretha Ehrström, Maunu Häyrynen: Te dialogical landscape of Vyborg .....7 Графический дизайн Мийна Блот Маргарета Эрстрëм, Мауну Хяйрюнен: Диалогический ландшафт Выборга Translations Gareth Grifths and Kristina Kölhi / Gekko Design; Boris Sergeyev Переводы Гарет Гриффитс и Кристина Кëлхи / Гекко Дизайн; Борис Сергеев Publishers The Finnish National Committee of ICOMOS (International Council for Monuments and Sites) and OPENING WORDS The Finnish Architecture Society ..........................................................12 Издатели Финляндский национальный комитет ИКОМОС (Международного совета по сохранению ВСТУПИТЕЛЬНЫЕ СЛОВА памятников и достопримечательных мест) и Архитектурное общество Финляндии Maunu Häyrynen: Opening address of the seminar ............................15 Printed in Forssa Print Мауну Хяйрюнен: Вступительное обращение семинара Отпечатано в типографии Forssa Print
    [Show full text]
  • Lng Map 2015
    Hammerfest (Melkoya Island) SHTOKMAN SNØHVIT Pechora Sea NGT ASKELADD MELKØYA ALBATROSS BBL KEY DATA Hammerfest Salekhard A6 KILDIN N WGT Installations per type Installations per country (Top 10) Barents Oude Statenzijl ADDITIONAL SERVICES STATUS MIN. SHIP SIZE CAPACITY (LNG) Sea ADDITIONAL SERVICES STATUS MIN. SHIP SIZE CAPACITY (LNG) Kirkenes Bunde 3 3 MURMAN Balgzand RELOADING YES 7.000 m LNG 5.000 m /h 3 3 RELOADING YES 2.000 m LNG 3.500 m /h Status Number of Installations* Julianadorp 3 by 2015 2.000 m LNG Wijster TRANSHIPMENT NO INTERCONNECTOR Amsterdam 2016 TRANSHIPMENT YES 2.000 m3 LNG 14.000 m3/h under under BUNKERSHIP LOADING under construction operational planned operational planned Pomorskiy Pesse 2015 BUNKERSHIP LOADING YES 7.000 m3 LNG 5.000 m3/h construction construction B 3 Rotterdam 3 TRUCK LOADING YES 3 x 91 m /h Strait by 2015 2.000 m LNG Murmansk 3 RAIL LOADING NO LNG terminals (large + small): 1. Spain 36 3 12 TRUCK LOADING YES 75 m /h Lødingen RAIL LOADING NO Reloading 15 2 12 2. Norway 35 - - Vlieghuis REYKJAVIK 2015 Transhipment 3 2 4 3. UK 22 2 9 Moskenes ICELAND B B AMSTERDAM Bunkership loading 9 7 11 4. Netherlands 17 5 6 2016 Zwolle Truck loading 19 8 5 5. Sweden 13 - 10 THE NETHERLANDS ADDITIONAL SERVICES STATUS MIN. SHIP SIZE CAPACITY (LNG) Rail loading - - 4 Bodø Delfgauw Utrecht Emsbüren RELOADING YES 7.500 m3 LNG 3.700 m3/h 6. France 11 4 11 ADDITIONAL SERVICES STATUS MIN. SHIP SIZE CAPACITY (LNG) future smaller vessels Liquefaction plants 22 n.a.
    [Show full text]
  • Town Twinning 5 of the Modern Gdańsk Shares Its Knowledge After EURO 2012 6 Twinning Areas
    • AALBORG • AARHUS • ARENDAL • BERGEN • BOTKYRKA • CĒSIS • CHOJNICE • ELBLĄG • ELVA • ESPOO • FALUN • GARGŽDAI • GÄVLE • GDAŃSK • GDYNIA • GREIFSWALD • GULDBORGSUND • HAAPSALU • HALMSTAD • HELSINKI • HIIU • JĒKABPILS • JELGAVA • JÕGEVA • JÕHVI • JŪRMALA • JYVÄSKYLÄ • KALININGRAD • KALMAR • KARLSKRONA • KARLSTAD • KAUNAS • KEILA • KEMI • KIEL • KLAIPĖDA • KØGE • KOLDING • KOSZALIN • KOTKA • KRISTIANSAND • KRISTIANSTAD • KRYNICA M. • KURESSAARE • LAHTI • LIEPĀJA • LINKÖPING • LÜBECK • LULEÅ • ŁEBA • MAARDU • MALBORK • MALMÖ • MARIEHAMN • MIĘDZYZDROJE • MIELNO • NARVA • NÆSTVED • ÖREBRO • OSKARSHAMN • PALANGA • PALDISKI • PANEVĖŽYS • PÄRNU • PORI • PORVOO • PRUSZCZ GD. • RAKVERE • REDA • RIGA • ROBERTSFORS • ROSTOCK • ŠIAULIAI • SILLAMÄE • SŁUPSK • SÖDERHAMN • SOPOT • ST. PETERSBURG • SZCZECIN • TALLINN • TAMPERE • TARTU • TIERP • TRELLEBORG • TUKUMS • TURKU • UMEÅ • USTKA • VAASA • VÄSTERVIK • VÄXJÖ • VILJANDI • VILNIUS • VISBY • VORDINGBORG • VÕRU in the Baltic SeaRegion Baltic the in Town T winning winning Baltic Cities Bulletin Dear UBC Friends, The Union of the Baltic Cities is the biggest organisation grouping EDITOR IN CHIEF local authorities in the region. The potential is even greater if we add Paweł Żaboklicki all twin cities within the network and in the whole Baltic Sea Region. The majority of the UBC cities have at least two twin towns, many * have even several. This makes our organization a far larger network, with an enormous capabilities. But here many questions come up. Is EDITING & LAYOUT twinning fully exploited? Is it
    [Show full text]
  • Nikolai Tcherepnin UNDER the CANOPY of MY LIFE Artistic, Creative, Musical Pedagogy, Public and Private
    Nikolai Tcherepnin UNDER THE CANOPY OF MY LIFE Artistic, creative, musical pedagogy, public and private Translated by John Ranck But1 you are getting old, pick Flowers, growing on the graves And with them renew your heart. Nekrasov2 And ethereally brightening-within-me Beloved shadows arose in the Argentine mist Balmont3 The Tcherepnins are from the vicinity of Izborsk, an ancient Russian town in the Pskov province. If I remember correctly, my aged aunts lived on an estate there which had been passed down to them by their fathers and grandfathers. Our lineage is not of the old aristocracy, and judging by excerpts from the book of Records of the Nobility of the Pskov province, the first mention of the family appears only in the early 19th century. I was born on May 3, 1873 in St. Petersburg. My father, a doctor, was lively and very gifted. His large practice drew from all social strata and included literary luminaries with whom he collaborated as medical consultant for the gazette, “The Voice” that was published by Kraevsky.4 Some of the leading writers and poets of the day were among its editors. It was my father’s sorrowful duty to serve as Dostoevsky’s doctor during the writer’s last illness. Social activities also played a large role in my father’s life. He was an active participant in various medical societies and frequently served as chairman. He also counted among his patients several leading musical and theatrical figures. My father was introduced to the “Mussorgsky cult” at the hospitable “Tuesdays” that were hosted by his colleague, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • February 14Th 10.00 Sedov Vladimir Valentinovich (Moscow IA RAS
    February 14th 10.00 Sedov Vladimir Valentinovich (Moscow IA RAS) Principal outcomes of the excavation of the church of the Annunciation at Gorodishche near Novgorod in 2016-2017: archeology and architecture The paper presents the main results of the extensive architectural and archaeological excavation of the stone church of the Annunciation at Gorodishche, built in 1103 by Prince Mstislav the Great and rebuilt in 1342-1343. This latter church, having survived in part, was conserved, and the current plans for the museumification of the 1103 church allowed for its complete excavation, which provided an opportunity to assess the architecture of this second oldest stone church building of Novgorod (the Sophia of Novgorod being the earliest). We now see this monument as a transitive point in local architectural history. Its large size, common type and architectural details firmly link it to the south Russian tradition of Kiev. At the same time, it stands at the very beginning of the Novgorod architectural tradition. The paper also covers some of the most vivid details of the monument and the traces of its rebuilding, as well as information on the pre- church layers unearthed during the excavation. Gippius Alexey Alexeevich (Moscow, HSE, ISS RAS), Mikheev Savva Mikhailovich (Moscow, ISS RAS) Complex of the Glagolitic graffiti of the church of the Annunciation at Gorodishche The paper discusses ten 12th- century Glagolitic graffiti, one of them being the longest old Russian Glagolitic text. The inscriptions are of interest both in terms of their content and of their paleography, which has allowed us to presume the existence of a specific Novgorod school of Glagolitic writing in the 11th and 12th centuries.
    [Show full text]
  • Pskov from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Coordinates: 57°49′N 28°20′E
    Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Pskov From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Coordinates: 57°49′N 28°20′E Pskov (Russian: Псков; IPA: [pskof] ( listen), ancient Russian spelling "Плѣсковъ", Pleskov) is Navigation Pskov (English) a city and the administrative center of Pskov Oblast, Russia, located about 20 kilometers Псков (Russian) Main page (12 mi) east from the Estonian border, on the Velikaya River. Population: 203,279 (2010 [1] Contents Census);[3] 202,780 (2002 Census);[5] 203,789 (1989 Census).[6] - City - Featured content Current events Contents Random article 1 History Donate to Wikipedia 1.1 Early history 1.2 Pskov Republic 1.3 Modern history Interaction 2 Administrative and municipal status Help 3 Landmarks and sights About Wikipedia 4 Climate Community portal 5 Economy Recent changes 6 Notable people Krom (or Kremlin) in Pskov Contact Wikipedia 7 International relations 7.1 Twin towns and sister cities Toolbox 8 References 8.1 Notes What links here 8.2 Sources Related changes 9 External links Upload file Special pages History [edit] Location of Pskov Oblast in Russia Permanent link Page information Data item Early history [edit] Cite this page The name of the city, originally spelled "Pleskov", may be loosely translated as "[the town] of purling waters". Its earliest mention comes in 903, which records that Igor of Kiev married a [citation needed] Print/export local lady, St. Olga. Pskovians sometimes take this year as the city's foundation date, and in 2003 a great jubilee took place to celebrate Pskov's 1,100th anniversary. Create a book Pskov The first prince of Pskov was Vladimir the Great's younger son Sudislav.
    [Show full text]
  • Technical-Economic Substantiation of The
    PROJECT PART-FINANCED BY THE EUROPEAN UNION Technical-economic substantiation of the development of tourist route(-s) in the section: Ivangorod (The Narova River) – The Rosson River (Children sanitary centre) – Silent Lake Saint-Petersburg January 2008 The Leningrad regional state institution «Information – Tourist Center» - 1 - PROJECT PART-FINANCED BY THE EUROPEAN UNION Plan 1. Studying the present situation 1.1. Development of water tourism in Leningrad region 1.1.1. General situation 1.1.2. Present infrastructure 1.1.3. Existent routes 1.1.3.1. Camp routes 1.1.3.2. Cruise lines 1.1.3.3. Regular communication 1.1.4. Sail-motor tourism development 1.1.5. Sports fishing in the region 1.1.6. Perspectives for the development of water tourism in Leningrad region 1.2. Investigation of potentially suitable places for water tourism along the route 1.2.1. Description of the rivers 1.2.2. Present recreation areas and parking places on the banks of the Narova River, Rosson River and lake Silent (Vaikne) 1.2.3. Historical places upon the Narova and the Rosson rivers. 1.2.4. History of navigation along the Narova and Rosson Rivers, Silent lake. 1.2.5. Existent mooring constructions along the route 1.2.6. Existent ships on the rivers that. 1.2.7. Approaches to Parking places 1.2.8. Resume concerning apt places for water tourism 1.3. Legal regulations of the development of the route(-s) along the rivers Narova, Rosson and lake Silent 1.3.1. Boundary regime rules. 1.3.2. Rules of the use of ships of small size and constructions for their berthing 1.3.3.
    [Show full text]
  • Musicians Blend Jazz Rhythms Across Estonia- Russia Border
    United States Source: The Washington Post Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/musicians-blend-jazz-rhythms-across- estonia-russia-border/2021/04/30/fc90791e-a9d0-11eb-a8a7-5f45ddcdf364_story.html on 6 May, 2021 World Musicians blend jazz rhythms across Estonia- Russia border Russian saxophonist Alexey Kruglov performs in the Ivangorod Fortress on the Russian-Estonian border in Ivangorod, 130 km (80 miles) west of St.Petersburg, Russia, Friday, April 30, 2021. Musicians on the Estonian- Russian border held an unusual concert on Friday, with Estonian guitarist Jaak Sooaar and Russian saxophonist Alexey Kruglov performing from the castles on the opposing banks of the Narva river that marks the border between the two countries. The concert was held on the International Jazz Day by the two musicians as an act of friendship despite the deteriorating relations between the two countries and as cross-border contacts have been limited due to the corona-virus pandemic. (AP Photo/Dmitri Lovetsky) By Maris Hellrand | AP April 30, 2021 at 12:27 p.m. EDT NARVA, Estonia — Two jazz musicians gave an unusual concert Friday on the Estonia-Russia border, where Estonian guitarist Jaak Sooäär and Russian saxophonist Alexey Kruglov performed from castles on the opposing banks of the river that separates their countries. The musicians combined rhythms on International Jazz Day as an act of friendship, despite the deteriorating relations between Russia and Estonia. The coronavirus pandemic has limited opportunities for cross-border contact. “As the border stayed closed, I have friends on the other side of the border with whom I wanted to play with, so we decided to do it,” Sooäär said before the concert.
    [Show full text]
  • The Chronicle of Novgorod 1016-1471
    - THE CHRONICLE OF NOVGOROD 1016-1471 TRANSLATED FROM THE RUSSIAN BY ROBERT ,MICHELL AND NEVILL FORBES, Ph.D. Reader in Russian in the University of Oxford WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY C. RAYMOND BEAZLEY, D.Litt. Professor of Modern History in the University of Birmingham AND AN ACCOUNT OF THE TEXT BY A. A. SHAKHMATOV Professor in the University of St. Petersburg CAMDEN’THIRD SERIES I VOL. xxv LONDON OFFICES OF THE SOCIETY 6 63 7 SOUTH SQUARE GRAY’S INN, W.C. 1914 _. -- . .-’ ._ . .e. ._ ‘- -v‘. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE General Introduction (and Notes to Introduction) . vii-xxxvi Account of the Text . xxx%-xli Lists of Titles, Technical terms, etc. xlii-xliii The Chronicle . I-zzo Appendix . 221 tJlxon the Bibliography . 223-4 . 225-37 GENERAL INTRODUCTION I. THE REPUBLIC OF NOVGOROD (‘ LORD NOVGOROD THE GREAT," Gospodin Velikii Novgorod, as it once called itself, is the starting-point of Russian history. It is also without a rival among the Russian city-states of the Middle Ages. Kiev and Moscow are greater in political importance, especially in the earliest and latest mediaeval times-before the Second Crusade and after the fall of Constantinople-but no Russian town of any age has the same individuality and self-sufficiency, the same sturdy republican independence, activity, and success. Who can stand against God and the Great Novgorod ?-Kto protiv Boga i Velikago Novgoroda .J-was the famous proverbial expression of this self-sufficiency and success. From the beginning of the Crusading Age to the fall of the Byzantine Empire Novgorod is unique among Russian cities, not only for its population, its commerce, and its citizen army (assuring it almost complete freedom from external domination even in the Mongol Age), but also as controlling an empire, or sphere of influence, extending over the far North from Lapland to the Urals and the Ob.
    [Show full text]
  • Welcome to the Pskov Region!
    Helsinki 700 km St. Peterburg Stockholm Tallinn 280 km 860 km 360 km Pskov Riga 300 km 689 km Copenhagen Moskow Vilnius 1200 km Minsk Berlin 1740 km Warsaw Brussels Prague Kiev Paris Welcome to the Pskov region! Pskov has always attracted people. People come here all year round and from all parts of the world. Any person who comes to the Pskov Land definitely wishes to come back here again, because the history and culture of Pskov is so rich and unique and it’s absolutely impossible to see everything during one visit. The Pskov Region is situated at the South-West of Russia and borders three states — republic of Belarus, Latvia and Estonia. One can get to Pskov ...by car: from Moscow — 8 hours, Saint Petersburg — 4 hours; ...by bus: from Moscow — 15 hours, Saint Petersburg — 5 h. 50 min. ...by train: from Moscow — 12 hours, Saint Petersburg — 6 hours. The distance to Pskov : • from Moscow — 689 km; • from Saint Petersburg — 280 km; • from Riga — 300 km; • from Tallinn — 360 km; • from Stockholm — 860 km; • from Helsinki — 700 km; • from Berlin — 1200 km; • from Brussels — 1740 km. 1 Open the Rus! The historical significance of was a powerful city state — the the Pskov land can hardly be Veche Republic of Pskov. By 1510, exaggerated. This very land, the when Pskov was annexed to Mus- north-western borders of Russ, covy and adjoined the unified is home to the Russian state as Russian state, it was practically as such. The Pskov Veche was born rich and as big as the nowadays here, and the basis for democracy Russia’s capital.
    [Show full text]
  • Scandinavian Influence in Kievan Rus
    Katie Lane HST 499 Spring 2005 VIKINGS IN THE EAST: SCANDINAVIAN INFLUENCE IN KIEVAN RUS The Vikings, referred to as Varangians in Eastern Europe, were known throughout Europe as traders and raiders, and perhaps the creators or instigators of the first organized Russian state: Kievan Rus. It is the intention of this paper to explore the evidence of the Viking or Varangian presence in Kievan Rus, more specifically the areas that are now the Ukraine and Western Russia. There is not an argument over whether the Vikings were present in the region, but rather over the effect their presence had on the native Slavic people and their government. This paper will explore and explain the research of several scholars, who generally ascribe to one of the rival Norman and Anti- Norman Theories, as well as looking at the evidence that appears in the Russian Primary Chronicle, some of the laws in place in the eleventh century, and two of the Icelandic Sagas that take place in modern Russia. The state of Kievan Rus was the dominant political entity in the modern country the Ukraine and western Russia beginning in the tenth century and lasting until Ivan IV's death in 1584.1 The region "extended from Novgorod on the Volkhov River southward across the divide where the Volga, the West Dvina, and the Dnieper Rivers all had their origins, and down the Dnieper just past Kiev."2 It was during this period that the Slavs of the region converted to Christianity, under the ruler Vladimir in 988 C.E.3 The princes that ruled Kievan Rus collected tribute from the Slavic people in the form of local products, which were then traded in the foreign markets, as Janet Martin explains: "The Lane/ 2 fur, wax, and honey that the princes collected from the Slav tribes had limited domestic use.
    [Show full text]