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00-Pp. I-XIV.Pmd COLLECTANEA ARCHIVI VATICANI 69 I DOCUMENTI VATICANI DEL PROCESSO DI GALILEO GALILEI (1611-1741) Nuova edizione accresciuta, rivista e annotata da SERGIO PAGANO CITTÀ DEL VATICANO ARCHIVIO SEGRETO VATICANO 2009 In coedizione: COLLECTANEA ARCHIVI VATICANI, 69 ISBN 978-88-85042-62-9 PONTIFICIAE ACADEMIAE SCIENTIARUM Scripta varia, 112 ISBN 978-88-7761-096-6 TUTTI I DIRITTI RISERVATI © 2009 by Archivio Segreto Vaticano SOMMARIO GENERALE Prefazione . Pag. VII INTRODUZIONE I. GALILEO GALILEI E IL SUO PROCESSO . » XVII Galileo « sospetto nelle cose della fede » (1611-1615) . » XVII Galileo denunciato al Sant’Officio (1615) . » XXV Il viaggio romano di Galileo e il precetto di Bellarmino 1616): Roma « non è paese da venire a disputare della luna »» XLVII Galileo e il gesuita Orazio Grassi: disputa sulle comete ed altro (1616-1622) . » LXIV Il Saggiatore (1621-1623) e alcuni sospetti di eresia sulla fisica di Galileo (1624-1626) . » LXXV Nuovo viaggio di Galileo a Roma (1624) e i colloqui con Urbano VIII . » XC La « Lettera » a Francesco Ingoli (1624-1625) . » XCVIII La ripresa del « Discorso sul flusso e reflusso del mare » (1624-1625) e la tribolata approvazione del « Dialogo sopra i due massimi sistemi » fino al 1630 . » CIII Si prepara a Firenze la stampa del « Dialogo » fra timori, lungaggini e le prime avvisaglie di una nuova burrasca » CXVII Il « Dialogo sopra i due massimi sistemi del mondo » (1632) » CXXIII Una immagine parlante: l’antiporta del « Dialogo » . » CXLIV Il « Dialogo » si diffonde e a Roma fra accoglienze e con- trasti . » CXLVI « Ci sono molte cose che non piacciono »: l’accoglienza del « Dialogo » in Roma . » CL Il « Dialogo » al vaglio dei censori romani . » CLIX Galileo convocato a Roma (23 settembre 1632): « che Dio le perdonasse l’errore di essere entrato in un intrigo come questo » . » CLXVIII VI I DOCUMENTI VATICANI DEL PROCESSO A GALILEO In attesa del Sant’Officio: « inevitabil naufragio » (13 feb- braio-11 aprile 1633) . » CLXXXIV Il processo, ovvero la « travagliosa procella » (12 aprile- 21 giugno 1633) . » CXCV La sentenza di condanna (22 giugno 1633) . » CXCVIII L’abiura: « maledico e detesto li sudetti errori » . » CC Diffusione della sentenza e dell’abiura in Europa . » CCIV La temuta ombra di Galileo: il monumento a Santa Croce » CCVI II. IL MANOSCRITTO DEL PROCESSO E ALTRI ATTI . » CCXI Il volume « Misc., Arm. X 204 » dell’Archivio Segreto Va- ticano . » CCXI Il volume del processo di Galileo: origine e formazione . » CCXVI Le vicende del volume . » CCXVIII Le edizioni del volume vaticano . » CCXXXIV L’Archivio Storico del Sant’Officio e la documentazione del processo di Galileo . » CCXLIII L’edizione dei documenti . » CCL a) Archivio Segreto Vaticano . » CCL b) Archivio della Congregazione per la Dottrina della Fede . » CCLI c) Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana . » CCLII Cronologia della presente edizione . » CCLII Criteri di trascrizione dei testi . » CCLIV a) Ortografia . » CCLV b) Abbreviazioni . » CCLVI c) Errori . » CCLVI d) Lettere maiuscole e minuscole . » CCLVI e) Interpunzione . » CCLVII f ) Numeri . » CCLVII g) Parentesi e segni convenzionali . » CCLVII h) L’uso del corsivo . » CCLVII i ) Stampe . » CCLVIII DOCUMENTI Archivio Segreto Vaticano: il volume del processo e altri documenti . » 5-167 Archivio della Congregazione per la Dottrina della Fede: documenti diversi . » 169-212 Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana: documenti diversi . » 225-244 SOMMARIO VII APPENDICE Ordine cronologico dei documenti . » 247 Tabelle comparative delle varie numerazioni del volume del processo . » 259 BIBLIOGRAFIA . » 271 INDICI Indice dei nomi di persona e di luogo . » 291 Indice dei manoscritti . » 331 PREFAZIONE Nel 1877 si stampava a Parigi la prima edizione del cosiddetto « codice vaticano » del processo di Galileo Galilei ad opera di Henri de L’Épinois (Les pièces du procès de Galilée précédées d’un avant- propos); nello stesso anno appariva a Stoccarda l’edizione curata da Karl von Gebler (Die Acten des galileischen Process); un anno più tardi Domenico Berti pubblicava a Roma Il processo di Galileo Gali- lei. Nuova edizione accresciuta, corretta e preceduta da un’avvertenza. Un notevole passo in avanti rispetto alle menzionate edizioni fu compiuto da Antonio Favaro, benemerito studioso non solo del pro- cesso,1 ma anche delle opere del Pisano e raccoglitore dell’enorme corrispondenza galileiana, un vero monumento allo scienziato e una pietra miliare per i successivi studi su Galileo, i quali, fino ad oggi, si avvalgono con profitto dell’edizione nazionale delle Opere di Gali- leo Galilei da lui curata (20 volumi, Firenze 1888-1909),2 in seno alla quale (nel volume XIX) trovano posto anche i documenti del noto processo.3 Del lavoro del Favaro relativo al « codice vaticano del processo » ebbi modo di scrivere nella mia edizione I documenti del processo di Galileo Galilei che si pubblicò, per volere di Giovanni Paolo II, di venerata memoria, nel 1984.4 1 Parlerò sempre di processo e non di processi – contrariamente a quanto si sostiene e si scrive da diverse parti – perché a mio parere il procedimento del 1616, che giunse al celebre precetto comunicato a Galileo dal cardinale Bellarmino, non aveva i caratteri di un vero procedimento inquisitoriale come aveva invece la procedura segui- ta nel 1632-1633. 2 Si veda oltre, pp. CCXL-CCXLIII. 3 Per le ricerche di Favaro al Sant’Officio e le pratiche da lui avviate per i neces- sari, laboriosi permessi si veda l’ottimo saggio di Ugo BALDINI e Leen SPRUIT, Nuovi documenti galileiani degli archivi del Sant’Ufficio e dell’Indice, in « Rivista di storia della filosofia », 4 (2001), pp. 661-699 (in particolare le pp. 661-672). 4 I documenti del processo di Galileo Galilei, a cura di Sergio M. Pagano, collabora- zione di Antonio G. Luciani, Città del Vaticano 1984. Mi è caro rivolgere qui un grato pensiero alla memoria del Dott. Luciani, prematuramente scomparso il 17 dicembre 2007. X I DOCUMENTI VATICANI DEL PROCESSO A GALILEO La nuova edizione dei documenti processuali che allora pubbli- cai fu accolta, generalmente parlando, in maniera positiva; ma non mancarono, com’era giusto ed è sempre opportuno che accada, cor- rezioni e suggerimenti, così come ipotesi diverse dalla mia riguardo alla formazione del celebre volume del processo di Galileo (ipotesi che mi pare siano degne della massima considerazione e sulle quali dovrò soffermarmi più avanti).5 Il corrente Anno Internazionale dell’Astronomia, proclamato dal- l’ONU, rappresenta una buona occasione per tornare sulle carte del processo di Galileo raccolte per gran parte nel volume dell’Archivio Segreto Vaticano.6 Dal 1984 ad oggi, infatti, molti studi attorno alla celebre vicenda sono apparsi in veste di monografie e di saggi su riviste storiche; ma soprattutto dal 22 gennaio 1998 venivano uffi- cialmente aperti agli studiosi gli archivi del Sant’Officio e quello della Congregazione dell’Indice, entrambi oggi conservati all’Archi- vio Storico della Congregazione per la Dottrina della Fede. Que- st’ultimo evento, anche nello specifico del processo di Galileo, ha avuto una rilevanza notevole e ha stimolato nuove indagini e appro- fondimenti non solo sugli atti superstiti della vicenda giudiziaria, ma anche sul funzionamento della stessa Inquisizione Romana e sui per- sonaggi che ne furono guida o membri lungo i secoli.7 Non si tratta, pertanto, di pensare ad una nuova edizione del « codice » vaticano e di altri documenti ad esso prossimi soltanto in occasione di una ricorrenza (che sarebbe cosa assai povera), ma di cogliere l’evento per presentare una edizione degli atti processuali con- servati negli archivi vaticani che interessarono il celeberrimo astrono- mo, tanto discussi nel passato e ancora così indagati al presente, fa- cendo profitto di tutte le nuove acquisizioni apparse dal 1984 ad oggi. 5 Mi riferisco soprattutto ai lavori di Francesco BERETTA, Galilée devant le Tribunal de l’Inquisition. Une relecture des sources, Fribourg 1998; ID., Le procès de Galilée et les Archives du Saint-Office. Aspects judiciaires et théologiques d’une condamnation célè- bre, in « Revue des Sciences philosophiques et théologiques », 83/3 (1999), pp. 441-490. 6 Archivio Segreto Vaticano [ASV], Misc., Arm. X 204 (su questo preziosissimo manoscritto avremo modo di intrattenerci più oltre). 7 Basti citare, nel nostro ambito, Alejandro CIFRES, L’Archivio storico della Congre- gazione per la Dottrina della Fede, in L’apertura degli archivi del Sant’Ufficio romano, Roma 1998, pp. 73-84; Olivier PONCET, L’ouverture des Archives du Saint-Office, in « Re- vue d’histoire de l’Église de France », 84 (1998), pp. 97-103; BERETTA, Le procès de Galilée, pp. 441-490; ID., L’archivio della Congregazione del Sant’Ufficio. Bilancio provvi- sorio della storia e natura dei fondi d’Antico Regime, in « Rivista di storia e letteratura religiosa », 37 (2001), pp. 29-58; BALDINI-SPRUIT, Nuovi documenti, pp. 661-699. PREFAZIONE XI E ciò pur conoscendo e considerando una iniziativa rilevante in corso, ovvero la riedizione dei documenti del processo di Galileo, provenienti tanto da parte vaticana (Archivio Segreto Vaticano, Ar- chivio dell’ex Sant’Officio, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana), quanto da archivi italiani e stranieri; iniziativa assunta da Francesco Beretta e Michel-Pierre Lerner per un lavoro che dovrebbe trovare spazio all’interno della collana « Les Belles Lettres » di Parigi.8 La presente edizione permette di riconsiderare ed eventualmente di rettificare o correggere valutazioni e ipotesi compiute nella stesu- ra dell’introduzione all’edizione
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