Viikki – Ecological Housing and Planning in Helsinki
Helsinki City Planning Department Project manager, architect Tuomas Eskola Current city planning projects in Helsinki
Östersundom
Vuosaari Cargo Port 2008- Viikki, Location 24
Viikki Viikki
- Viikki is situated north-east from the Helsinki city center – distance to the center is ~8 km Viikki, Illustration
Latokartano
Viikinmäki
Science Park Eco Viikki Housing
Viikinranta
By 2020 inhabitants sqm Latokartano 10 600 440 000 sqm Science Park 1 800 400 000 sqm Nature conservation area Viikinmäki 3 000 140 000 sqm Viikinranta 1 500 130 000 sqm
By 2020: 17 000 inhabitants, 6 000 jobs, 6 000 students, ~ 1 million sqm Ecological Urban Planning and Building in Viikki since 1980s…
…but why in Viikki? 1. LOCATION: Viikki-Vanhakaupunki Nature Reserve Area
Helsinki Master Plan 2002 2. HISTORY – FARMING IN VIIKKI SINCE THE MIDDLE AGES
The history of Viikki Viikki 1993 and the rural landscape have an Helsinki University Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry important role in the founding the City of Helsinki
During the Middle Ages Viikki was one of the most prosperous villages around Helsinki.
Following the city’s Site of Eco-Viikki founding 1550 fields of Viikki were taken from the peasants to the crown.
Since 1946 the fields of Viikki have been used as a University teaching and research facility. Helsinki University Research Farm Today the large farmlands still give character to the open landscape of Viikki. Photo: City of Helsinki/Real Estate Department/City Survey Division
Viikki, Local Master Plan 1993 Residential area
Public services
University, research
Commercial services
Jobs
Green areas, parks
Fields, cultivated by the University
Nature reserve
Water
Viikki Project / Local Master Plan: - total area 1 132 hectares - built areas 292 hectares - recreational and nature conservation areas 840 hectares Viikki, Ecological Planning and Building…
1989 Preparation of the Master Plan starts
1990 New “sustainable” building legislation in Finland
1993 Local Master Plan for Viikki
1993 Eco-Community Project
1994 Eco-Viikki competition
1997 Ecological Building Criteria for Eco-Viikki
2000 Ecological Building Criteria for other areas in Viikki
2004 Eco-Viikki housing area was completed
~2015 Building in the Viikki area will be completed Eco Viikki housing area, Winning Entry Petri Laaksonen, 1994
The ecological ideas in Viikki were generated in two open planning competitions.
The first was for the town plan and the second concentrated on the ecological building design.
Ecological Building Design Themes in Eco-Viikki Housing saving energy and water
utilization of solar energy passively and actively
healthy indoor climate
building flexibility
healthy materials + timber building
surface water management
quality of the public streets and parks
Ecological Building Criteria in Eco-Viikki Weight Min ( - conv.) 1 p 2 p
10 Pollution
2 CO2 kg/brm 3 200 (-20%) 2 700 2 200 Waste water l/resident/day 125 (-22%) 105 85 Construction site waste kg/brm2 18 (-10%) 15 10 Domestic waste kg/resident/year 160 (-20%) 140 120 Eco labels materials none 2 many
8 Natural resources
Heating energy kWh/brm2 105 (-34%) 85 65 Electric energy kWh/brm2 45 (-0%) 40 35 Primary energy GJ/brm2 30 (-19%) 25 20 Flexibility, common use normal 15% better
6 Health
Indoor climate good excellent Moisture risks norm better innovative Noise norm new norm better Wind protection, solar impact plan excellent Alternative floor plans normal 15% 30%
4 Biodiversity
Plant selection plan better excellent Surface water use plan better innovative
2 Food production
Planting useful plants normal 1/3 useful cultivcation Topsoil reuse normal on site ______PIMWAG-points total 0 MAX 30
- PIMWAG evaluation in each housing project - Pilot projects + design competitions - The cost effect of the basic requirements of the criteria for the price of the dwellings was about 3-5 % - The additional costs will be compensated by lower costs over the life of the building Eco-Viikki – Local Plan 1998- Viikinoja – collecting surface water…
- removed former drainage canal built to resemble natural small river - collects surface-water from large areas - balances flooding peaks - slows down the movement of water and improves the quality of water before reaching the Vanhakaupunki bay - offers living environment for plants, birds, small animals and insects
Surface Water Management – ”green fingers”
rainwaters are collected green finger, infiltration and channeling of in rainwater sewers the rainwater rainwater is infiltrated and/or conducted through piping, ditching to the green fingers and park rainwater ditch or pipe
- on clay soil it is not possible to infiltrate surface-water…
Eco-Viikki solution: -> infiltrating / slowing down surface water through vegetation and topsoil (no tarmac) -> -> leading surface-water to pipes, ducts and infiltration / detention basins - -> gathering surface-water to underground tanks for gardening Eco-Viikki – start of construction 1999- Eco-Viikki
- a finger shaped pattern, ”Green fingers” with farming plots between the housing quarters - almost all the houses directed to south to exploit solar energy - a wind shelter zone, formed by vegetation between the open field and the built up area -> completed 2003…today about 1 800 inhabitants Viikinoja
Viikinoja ”Green Fingers” Evaluation Study
Eco-viikki - surface water management 2004
Thank you Viikki – Latokartano Community Buildings
Lava
Kunto
Kaari Motti
Kiila Viikki - Latokartano, Social Mix Principles
Eco Viikki Viikki - Solar Energy Projects
SOLAR HEATING PROJECT - Finland’s largest solar heating experiment - supported by EU (THERMIE-programme) - 9 separate solar heating systems - About 400 dwellings within the sphere - Total area of the collectors is 1246 m2 - Almost one-third of the energy requirements for heating the domestic hot water - About 10 % of the annual heating requirements - Different technical solutions - The sun collectors are integrated within the roof structure - The size of one collector is 10 m2
SOLAR ELECTRICITY PROJECT - Solar panels are integrated into the balcony constructions Timber Building Examples Eco Viikki - Monitoring Project (2004) - Pilot project area monitored
- Consumption (CO2, water, heating, electricity) - Fulfilling of the Ecological Building Criteria (PIMWAG) - Interviews (developers, architects, deputy landlords, inhabitants) - The technical descriptions of the projects
DISTRICT HEATING CONSUMPTION WATER CONSUMPTION ELECTRICAL CONSUMPTION weather adjusted specific fuel consumption kWh/m2, 2002 consumption, litres/person/day, 2002 kWh/m2, 2002 ae = apartment, pe = property
Eco-Viikki - Monitoring Project II (2008)
Differences between goals and results in some projects:
Reasons:
- too high indoor temperature - too high pressure in water pipes - problems in air window constructions - (air and thermal flows in constructions)
Solutions:
- optimal adjustments - information for inhabitants and housing managers - better quality control in building construction phase
For further information – contact:
Helsinki City Planning Department, Town Planning Division, Viikki-project , Architect Tuomas Eskola, [email protected] Helsinki City Economic and Planning Centre, Viikki-Kivikko-project, Project ingeneur Ina Liljeström, [email protected] Viikki Science Park – One of the Major Bioscience Centres in Europe
- the concept of Science park was introduced1986 - first two biocentres were completed 1995 - total 350 000 sqm office space (250 000 sqm finished) - total 60 000 sqm residential housing (50 000 sqm built) Viikki, Science Park 67 The Science Park is the centre of Viikki
- the University of Helsinki’s campus areas - offices - business incubator blocks - Viikki shopping centre - residential neighbourhoods - public buildings and parks
The Science Park specializes in biotechnology and biological and environmental sciences
The Univesity of Helsinki concentrates in bio- technical sciences, agrigulture and forestry as well as environmental and nutritional sciences.
Info-center Korona & Viikki Science Library University of Helsinki in Viikki
Viikki campus is one of the four campuses of the University of Helsinki.
The Viikki Campus is the location of four faculties: University - Agriculture and Forestry - Biosciences - Veterinary Medicine Evira - Pharmacy Infocentre In addition to this, there are two independent institutes and the Viikki Science Library.
The University Campus also attracts an increasing number of businesses to the Helsinki Business and Synergy Science Park. The Finnish Game and Fisheries building Research Institute and the Finnish Food Safety Authority, Evira, have also moved to Viikki. Business and Science Park MTT Agrifood Research Finland and Helsinki City Environment Centre will also be moving to Viikki in the future. Veterinary hospital Gardenia VIIKKI - Connections to Metropolitan Urban Structure
City centre 506
Viikki – public transport 506
…300 m from bus stop Viikki – public transport Joker-line bus
During rush hours 3-4 min From 6-20 max 10 min
Connections : Latokartano – Siilitie 7 min, 79 - Metro Latokartano – Oulunkylä 5 min, JOKERI – Local train
Future: Joker-line on rail??? New Housing Projects: Viikki, Science Park,, Fennia & NCC,”+17 C basic temperature apartment”
- indoor temperature set on 17 C (central heating) - additional heating energy through radiators - addititional energy charged monthly from the residents - energy use monitoring + residents surveys 2011 and 2013
Arkkitehtitoimisto Tuomo Siitonen Mera House, Viikinranta – VVO
- 1 930 sqm, 18 rental apartments - low energy building, air-tight building envelope - apartment based ventilation units equipped with heat recovery - heating system based on heating the incoming air, no radiators - the technology units can be reached straight from the staircase - > energy consumption first year 78,5 kWh/m2
Viikki, Latokartano – Multistorey Timber Apartments, adress: Von Daehnin katu, builder: Etera, PEAB, Finnforest rental apartments, 110 units. / 8 000 sqm
- aim of the project: to introduce timber-element based multistorey housing concept with Kerto® system
- energy consumption: A-class.
- architect: HMV architects, Jari Viherkoski
New Office Buildings – the Helsinki City Environment Centre - using solar energy + geothermal cooling - minimal fasade area - air tight building envelope - A-class energy consumption -> the most energy efficient office building in Finland
Kimmo Kuismanen Architects ”All Is Possible” at Viikki
Thank You!
Villu Jaanisoo 2009 Villu Jaanisoo 2009
Ecological Building Criteria in Viikki 39
CRITERIA FOR ECOLOGICAL CONSTRUCTION IN VIIKKI 2004
General information Print document
CRITERI Minimum requirement Unit A Diversity of apartments Description provided
Indoor climate classification Description provided
Air change 0,6 1/h and possibility to Quantity of ventilation improve efficiency 30% or air change 0,7 1/h
Energy consumption
Electricity onsumption
Water consumption
Greenhouse gas emissions
Lifecycle costs Calculations provided
Helsinki City Planning Department, Town Planning Division, Viikki-project/Markku Siiskonen, Project Leader, Architect 26.4.2010 Viikki Church
© JKMM Architects Gardenia Helsinki 69 - public information centre of gardening and environmental sectors - winter garden - environmental education for children - centre for the nature conservation area - green businesses
Artto Palo Rossi Tikka Architects Infocentre ”Korona” 68
- Viikki’s science library - Helsinki City library - campus’s main lecture and congress facilities - administrative and service units
Ground floor
ARK-House Architects Basement floor Viikki, Projects 2013
VVO NCC
srk
Asuntosäätiö PEAB ATT YIT Jämerä
PEAB
NCC SYKE
ATT New Office Buildings - Viikki Synergy Building Planning competition 5.5.-8.10.2010 - Finnish Environment Institute´s Eco Efficient Office Building
Evira Student Housing HOAS Salvia Housing Eco Viikki
- Plot area13 500 m2 - Volyme 20 000 k-m2 (1/3 laboratories, 2/3 office) - Working space for 600 workers
Facade towards west
Viikki Synergy Building - Finnish Environment Institute´s Eco Efficient Office Building
Viikki Synergy Building Planning competition 5.5.-8.10.2010 - Finnish Environment Institute´s Eco Efficient Office Building
Assessment criteria of the competition: 1. Ecological sustainability including energy performance and material efficiency 2. Urban and architectural quality 3. Usability (functionality/quality of working environment) 4. Feasibility (economic efficiency and quality of technical solutions)
• Ecological sustainability was measured with energy performance and material efficiency target values:
• Energy performance followed the target of EPBD recast for 2019-2021, nearly zero energy buildings, which is the basis for energy performance target value of 80 kWh/(m2 a) primary energy without tenant’s electricity (all other energy flows included) 80 kWh/(m2 a) per program area corresponds to significantly lower value per net area
2 • Material efficiency was measured in kgCO2/m and teams competed to achieve possibly low value without compromising with other criteria
• Primary energy factors to calculate the target of 80 kWh/(m2 a) were: Electricity 2.0 District heat 0.7
Viikki Synergy Building - Finnish Environment Institute´s Eco Efficient Office Building
Winning entry: ”APILA” JKMM Architects, Finland
Viikki Synergy Building - Finnish Environment Institute´s Eco Efficient Office Building
”APILA”
TOP 10 ENERGY EFFICIENCY PRINCIPLES
1. Minimizing outside volume. 2. Excellent insulation of outside shell. 3. Making use of buffer zones. 4. Maximizing daylight. 5. Effective solar protection. 6. No mechanical cooling for offices. 7. Low temperature radiant heating. 8. Efficient heat exchange system. 9. Intelligent adjustable heating and ventilation. 10. Minimizing all use of electricity.
MATERIALS
- The building materials and construction methods have been
selected with the aim of minimizing CO2 emissions. - The main material in the building is wood. The load bearing structure is made of wood with KERTO columns and beams, as well as wooden hollow elements. - Concrete is used only in ground floor and staircase structures. - The outside façade is made of unpainted wood, which turns naturally grey. The courtyard façade is made of paper-plastic composite (UPM Profi), whichis 100% recycled industrial waste. The insulation is made of Ekovilla. Lightwalls inside the building are covered with gypsum board.
ViikkiViikin SynergySynergiatalo Building - Suomen - Finnish ympäristökeskuksen Environment Institute ekotehokas´s Eco Efficient toimitalo Office – suunnittelukilpailu Building 2010
”APILA”
ViikinViikki SynergySynergiatalo Building - Suomen - Finnish ympäristökeskuksen Environment Institute ekotehokas´s Eco Efficient toimitalo Office – suunnittelukilpailu Building 2010
JOKER-LINE – Benefits for public transportation – VIIKKI SCIENCE PARK
More bus lanes 2013-…