Viikki – Ecological Housing and Planning in Helsinki Helsinki City Planning Department Project manager, architect Tuomas Eskola Current city planning projects in Helsinki Östersundom Vuosaari Cargo Port 2008- Viikki, Location 24 Viikki Viikki - Viikki is situated north-east from the Helsinki city center – distance to the center is ~8 km Viikki, Illustration Latokartano Viikinmäki Science Park Eco Viikki Housing Viikinranta By 2020 inhabitants sqm Latokartano 10 600 440 000 sqm Science Park 1 800 400 000 sqm Nature conservation area Viikinmäki 3 000 140 000 sqm Viikinranta 1 500 130 000 sqm By 2020: 17 000 inhabitants, 6 000 jobs, 6 000 students, ~ 1 million sqm Ecological Urban Planning and Building in Viikki since 1980s… …but why in Viikki? 1. LOCATION: Viikki-Vanhakaupunki Nature Reserve Area Helsinki Master Plan 2002 2. HISTORY – FARMING IN VIIKKI SINCE THE MIDDLE AGES The history of Viikki Viikki 1993 and the rural landscape have an Helsinki University Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry important role in the founding the City of Helsinki During the Middle Ages Viikki was one of the most prosperous villages around Helsinki. Following the city’s Site of Eco-Viikki founding 1550 fields of Viikki were taken from the peasants to the crown. Since 1946 the fields of Viikki have been used as a University teaching and research facility. Helsinki University Research Farm Today the large farmlands still give character to the open landscape of Viikki. Photo: City of Helsinki/Real Estate Department/City Survey Division Viikki, Local Master Plan 1993 Residential area Public services University, research Commercial services Jobs Green areas, parks Fields, cultivated by the University Nature reserve Water Viikki Project / Local Master Plan: - total area 1 132 hectares - built areas 292 hectares - recreational and nature conservation areas 840 hectares Viikki, Ecological Planning and Building… 1989 Preparation of the Master Plan starts 1990 New “sustainable” building legislation in Finland 1993 Local Master Plan for Viikki 1993 Eco-Community Project 1994 Eco-Viikki competition 1997 Ecological Building Criteria for Eco-Viikki 2000 Ecological Building Criteria for other areas in Viikki 2004 Eco-Viikki housing area was completed ~2015 Building in the Viikki area will be completed Eco Viikki housing area, Winning Entry Petri Laaksonen, 1994 The ecological ideas in Viikki were generated in two open planning competitions. The first was for the town plan and the second concentrated on the ecological building design. Ecological Building Design Themes in Eco-Viikki Housing saving energy and water utilization of solar energy passively and actively healthy indoor climate building flexibility healthy materials + timber building surface water management quality of the public streets and parks Ecological Building Criteria in Eco-Viikki Weight Min ( - conv.) 1 p 2 p 10 Pollution 2 CO2 kg/brm 3 200 (-20%) 2 700 2 200 Waste water l/resident/day 125 (-22%) 105 85 2 Construction site waste kg/brm 18 (-10%) 15 10 Domestic waste kg/resident/year 160 (-20%) 140 120 Eco labels materials none 2 many 8 Natural resources 2 Heating energy kWh/brm 105 (-34%) 85 65 2 Electric energy kWh/brm 45 (-0%) 40 35 2 Primary energy GJ/brm 30 (-19%) 25 20 Flexibility, common use normal 15% better 6 Health Indoor climate good excellent Moisture risks norm better innovative Noise norm new norm better Wind protection, solar impact plan excellent Alternative floor plans normal 15% 30% 4 Biodiversity Plant selection plan better excellent Surface water use plan better innovative 2 Food production Planting useful plants normal 1/3 useful cultivcation Topsoil reuse normal on site ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ PIMWAG-points total 0 MAX 30 - PIMWAG evaluation in each housing project - Pilot projects + design competitions - The cost effect of the basic requirements of the criteria for the price of the dwellings was about 3-5 % - The additional costs will be compensated by lower costs over the life of the building Eco-Viikki – Local Plan 1998- Viikinoja – collecting surface water… - removed former drainage canal built to resemble natural small river - collects surface-water from large areas - balances flooding peaks - slows down the movement of water and improves the quality of water before reaching the Vanhakaupunki bay - offers living environment for plants, birds, small animals and insects Surface Water Management – ”green fingers” rainwaters are collected green finger, infiltration and channeling of in rainwater sewers the rainwater rainwater is infiltrated and/or conducted through piping, ditching to the green fingers and park rainwater ditch or pipe - on clay soil it is not possible to infiltrate surface-water… Eco-Viikki solution: -> infiltrating / slowing down surface water through vegetation and topsoil (no tarmac) -> -> leading surface-water to pipes, ducts and infiltration / detention basins - -> gathering surface-water to underground tanks for gardening Eco-Viikki – start of construction 1999- Eco-Viikki - a finger shaped pattern, ”Green fingers” with farming plots between the housing quarters - almost all the houses directed to south to exploit solar energy - a wind shelter zone, formed by vegetation between the open field and the built up area -> completed 2003…today about 1 800 inhabitants Viikinoja Viikinoja ”Green Fingers” Evaluation Study Eco-viikki - surface water management 2004 Thank you Viikki – Latokartano Community Buildings Lava Kunto Kaari Motti Kiila Viikki - Latokartano, Social Mix Principles Eco Viikki Viikki - Solar Energy Projects SOLAR HEATING PROJECT - Finland’s largest solar heating experiment - supported by EU (THERMIE-programme) - 9 separate solar heating systems - About 400 dwellings within the sphere - Total area of the collectors is 1246 m2 - Almost one-third of the energy requirements for heating the domestic hot water - About 10 % of the annual heating requirements - Different technical solutions - The sun collectors are integrated within the roof structure - The size of one collector is 10 m2 SOLAR ELECTRICITY PROJECT - Solar panels are integrated into the balcony constructions Timber Building Examples Eco Viikki - Monitoring Project (2004) - Pilot project area monitored - Consumption (CO2, water, heating, electricity) - Fulfilling of the Ecological Building Criteria (PIMWAG) - Interviews (developers, architects, deputy landlords, inhabitants) - The technical descriptions of the projects DISTRICT HEATING CONSUMPTION WATER CONSUMPTION ELECTRICAL CONSUMPTION weather adjusted specific fuel consumption kWh/m2, 2002 consumption, litres/person/day, 2002 kWh/m2, 2002 ae = apartment, pe = property Eco-Viikki - Monitoring Project II (2008) Differences between goals and results in some projects: Reasons: - too high indoor temperature - too high pressure in water pipes - problems in air window constructions - (air and thermal flows in constructions) Solutions: - optimal adjustments - information for inhabitants and housing managers - better quality control in building construction phase For further information – contact: Helsinki City Planning Department, Town Planning Division, Viikki-project , Architect Tuomas Eskola, [email protected] Helsinki City Economic and Planning Centre, Viikki-Kivikko-project, Project ingeneur Ina Liljeström, [email protected] Viikki Science Park – One of the Major Bioscience Centres in Europe - the concept of Science park was introduced1986 - first two biocentres were completed 1995 - total 350 000 sqm office space (250 000 sqm finished) - total 60 000 sqm residential housing (50 000 sqm built) Viikki, Science Park 67 The Science Park is the centre of Viikki - the University of Helsinki’s campus areas - offices - business incubator blocks - Viikki shopping centre - residential neighbourhoods - public buildings and parks The Science Park specializes in biotechnology and biological and environmental sciences The Univesity of Helsinki concentrates in bio- technical sciences, agrigulture and forestry as well as environmental and nutritional sciences. Info-center Korona & Viikki Science Library University of Helsinki in Viikki Viikki campus is one of the four campuses of the University of Helsinki. The Viikki Campus is the location of four faculties: University - Agriculture and Forestry - Biosciences - Veterinary Medicine Evira - Pharmacy Infocentre In addition to this, there are two independent institutes and the Viikki Science Library. The University Campus also attracts an increasing number of businesses to the Helsinki Business and Synergy Science Park. The Finnish Game and Fisheries building Research Institute and the Finnish Food Safety Authority, Evira, have also moved to Viikki. Business and Science Park MTT Agrifood Research Finland and Helsinki City Environment Centre will also be moving to Viikki in the future. Veterinary hospital Gardenia VIIKKI - Connections to Metropolitan Urban Structure City centre 506 Viikki – public transport 506 …300 m from bus stop Viikki – public transport Joker-line bus During rush hours 3-4 min From 6-20 max 10 min Connections : Latokartano – Siilitie 7 min, 79 - Metro Latokartano – Oulunkylä 5 min, JOKERI – Local train Future: Joker-line on rail??? New Housing Projects: Viikki, Science Park,, Fennia & NCC,”+17 C basic temperature apartment” - indoor temperature set on 17 C (central heating) - additional heating energy through radiators - addititional energy charged monthly from the residents - energy