DOCSLIB.ORG

Power and Identity in Early Medieval Benevento (570-899 CE)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA Pavia’s Twin: Power and Identity in Early Medieval Benevento (570-899 CE) A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Faculty of the Department of History School of Arts & Sciences Of The Catholic University of America In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree Doctor of Philosophy © Copyright All Rights Reserved By Martin Raymond Waldman Washington, D.C. 2017 Pavia’s Twin: Power and Identity in Early Medieval Benevento (570-899 CE) Martin Raymond Waldman, Ph.D. Director: Jennifer Davis, Ph.D. This dissertation surveys the development of the Duchy/Princpality of Benevento from its founding in 570 to its takeover by the Lombard counts of Capua in 899, focusing specifically on its Lombard inhabitants’ conceptions of their own identity and how these evolved in response to significant political events, most notably, the Frankish conquest of the Lombard Kingdom in the north in 774. It will argue that Benevento’s continued independence after 774 contributed to and rested, in part, on the development of a more clearly defined and politicized sense of Lombard identity, one which was deeply rooted in a strong degree of antipathy towards other groups and the belief that to be Lombard was to be, above all else, free and independent. Such perceptions were a product of efforts by members of the southern Lombard elite to maintain both their political power and the cultural distinctions between themselves and other groups. The Beneventan dukes, in particular, would undertake a number of important actions, such as assuming the title of princeps gentis Langobardorum, intended to elevate their own status within the gens and to leverage their people’s shared sense of identity as a force for greater political cohesion. These actions would help to foster a political and cultural climate which not only enabled the southern Lombards to maintain their own existing political and cultural practices, but also encouraged them to explore and more clearly define their traditions, values, history, and, ultimately, their sense of identity. Consequently, ethnicity would come to be increasingly emphasized in political and cultural discourse during the ninth and tenth centuries, with Lombard princes and authors frequently expressing their sense of pride in Lombard achievements (especially military victories), their antipathy towards other groups, and the belief that Benevento, its rulers, and its people were the inheritors of the Lombard Kingdom’s legacy. Such sentiments not only sometimes encouraged the southern Lombards to set aside their internal differences in order to resist outside attacks on their independence, but, more broadly, created a strong link between the southern Lombards’ ethnic and political identities. This dissertation by Martin Raymond Waldman fulfills the dissertation requirement for the doctoral degree in History approved by Jennifer R. Davis, Ph.D., as Director, and by Katherine L. Jansen, Ph.D., and Philip Rousseau, Ph.D. as Readers. _________________________________ Jennifer R. Davis, Ph.D., Director _________________________________ Katherine L. Jansen, Ph.D., Reader _________________________________ Philip Rousseau, Ph.D., Reader ii For My Parents iii Table of Contents List of Abbreviations…………………………………………………………....... v List of Maps and Figures…………………………………………………………. viii List of the Beneventan Dukes and Princes (c.570 - 899 CE)…………………….. ix Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………. x Introduction………………………………………………………………………. 1 Chapter I: Connections of Memory………………………………………………. 45 Chapter II: Pavia’s Shadow………………………………………………………. 89 Chapter III: Following in the Footsteps of Kings………………………………… 136 Chapter IV: Better to Maintain Liberty by Arms………………………………… 192 Chapter V: Remnants of the Gens……………………………………………....... 253 Chapter VI: Pavia’s Memory……………………………………………………... 321 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………… 331 iv List of Abbreviations Andr. = Andreas of Bergamo. Historia. MGH SS rer. Lang.: 220-30. Ann. Bert. = Annales de Saint-Bertin. Edited by F. Grat, J. Vielliard and S.V. Clémencet. Paris: C. Klincksieck, 1964. ARF = Annales Regni Francorum. Edited by F. Kurze. MGH SS. rer. Germ. VI. Hanover: Hahn, 1895. -- q.d. Ein. = Annales qui dicuntur Einhardi. BG = Procopius. History of the Wars, Books V - VIII. Translated by H.B. Dewing. Loeb Classical Library. 1919-28. Reprint, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1968-78. Carm. Var. = Carmina Varia (nos. 2-14). Edited by Ernest Duemmler. MGH Poetae Latini aevi II. Berlin: Weidmann, 1884: 649-61. CC = Codex Carolinus. Edited by Walter Gundlach. MGH Ep. III. Berlin: Weidmann, 1867: 469-657. CDC = Codex Diplomaticus Cavensis. Edited by Michaele Morcaldi, Mauro Schiani and Sylvano de Stephano. Vol. 1. Naples: H. Hoepli, 1873. CDL = Codice Diplomatico Longobardo. Edited by Luigi Schiaparelli, Carlrichard Brühl and Herbert Zielinski. 5 vols. Rome: Istituto storico Italiano, 1929-2003. CMC = Die Chronik von Montecassino. Edited by Hartmut Hoffmann. MGH SS XXXIV. Hanover: Hahn, 1980. Cod. Goth. = Historia Langobardorum codicis Gothani. MGH SS rer. Lang.: 7- 11. CSBC = Cronicae Sancti Benedicti Casinensis. Edited and translated into Italian by Luigi Andrea Berto. Florence: Sismel - Edizione del Galluzzo, 2006. Chron. Sal. = Chronicon Salernitanum: A Critical Edition with Studies on Literary and Historical Sources, and on Languages. Edited by Ulla Westerbergh. Stockholm: Almquist & Wiksell, 1956. v CSS = Chronicon Sanctae Sophiae: Cod. Vat. Lat. 4939. Edited by Jean- Marie Martin. 2 vols. Rome: Istituto storico italiano per il Medio Evo, 2000. CV = Chronicon Vulturnense del Monaco Giovanni. Edited by Vincenzo Federici. 3 vols. Rome: Tipografia del Senato, 1925. Ep. Lang. = Epistolae Langobardicae Collectae. Edited by Walter Gundlach. MGH Ep. III. Berlin: Weidmann, 1892. Erch. = Erchempert. Historia Langobardorum Beneventanorum. MGH SS. rer. Lang.: 231-64. Gatt. Acc. = Gattola, Erasmo, ed. Ad historiam abbatiae Cassinensis accessiones. 2 vols. Venice: Sebastian Coleti, 1734. Gest. Ep. Neap. = John the Deacon. Gesta Episcoporum Neapolitanorum. MGH SS. rer. Lang: 398-435. Gatt. Hist. = Gattola, Erasmo, ed. Historia abbatiae Cassinensis. 2 vols. Venice: Sebastian Coleti, 1733. Greg. Ep. = Gregory the Great. Gregorii Magni Epistulae. Edited by Paul Ewald and Ludo Moritz Hartmann. MGH Ep. I-II. Berlin: Weidmann, 1887-91. (Latin Edition) Gregory the Great. The Letters of Gregory the Great. Translated by John R.C. Martyn. 3 vols Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies, 2004. HL = Paul the Deacon. Storia dei Longobardi. Edited and translated into Italian by Lidia Capo. Milan: Fondazione Lorenzo Valla, 1992. --. History of the Lombards. Translated by William Dudley Foulke. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1907. (English Translation) Ep. Lang. = Epistolae Langobardicae Collectae. Edited by Walter Gundlach. MGH Ep. III. Berlin: Weidmann, 1892. vi LL = Le Leggi dei Longobardi: Storia, memoria e diritto di un popolo germanico. Edited and translated into Italian by Claudio Azzara and Stefano Gasparri. 2nd ed. Rome: Viella, 2005. -- Roth. = Edictum Rothari: 13-128. --Grim. = Grimualdi Leges: 129-36. --Liut. = Liutprand Leges: 137-245. --Ratch. = Ratchis Leges: 259-78. --Aist. = Ahistulfi Leges: 279-96. --Ar. = Arichis Leges: 298-307. --Adel. = Adelchis Leges: 306-13. LP = Le Liber Pontificalis. Edited by Louis Duchesne. 2nd ed. 3 vols. Paris: E. de Boccard, 1955. MGH = Monumenta Germaniae Historiae --DK = -- Diplomatum Karolinorum I - Pippini, Carlomanni, Carlo Magni Diplomata. Edited by E. Mühlbacher. Hanover: Hahn, 1906. --DLII = -- Diplomatum Karolinorum IV - Ludovici II Diplomata. Edited by Konrad Wanner. Munich: Monumenta Germaniae Historica, 1994. --DO I = Otto I. MGH Diplomatum Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae I. Hanover: Hahn, 1879-84: 80-638. --SS. rer. Germ. = -- Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum separatim editi. --SS. rer. Lang. = -- Scriptores rerum Langobardicarum et Italicarum saec. VI - IX. Edited by Georg Waitz. Hanover: Hahn, 1878. Neff = Neff, Karl, ed. Die Gedichte des Paulus Diaconus. Munich: C.H. Beck, 1908. PL = Patrologia Cursus Completus. Series Latina. Edited by J.P. Migne. Paris: Migne, 1844-1864. Vit. Barb. = Vita Barbati episcopi beneventani. MGH SS rer. Lang.: 555-63. vii List of Maps and Figures Map 1 (Italy, c.600 CE)…………………………………………………………... 68 Map 2 (Italy, c.700 CE).………………………………………………………….. 95 Map 3 (Benevento, 8th Century)………………………………………………….. 118 Map 4 (Lombard Principalities, c.850 CE)……………………………………….. 259 Figure 1 (Charter Collections)……………………………………………………. 26 Figure 2 (8th Century Charters)…………………………………………………… 93 Figure 3 (Duchies in Paul the Deacon’s Historia Langobardorum)……………... 227 viii List of the Beneventan Dukes and Princes (c.570 – 899 CE) Zotto 570 – 590 Arichis I 590 – 640 Aio I 640 – 641/2 Radoald 641/2 – 646/7 Grimoald I 646/7 – 671 Romoald I 671 – 687 Grimoald II 687 – 689 Gisulf I 689 – 706 Romoald II 706 – 731/2 Audelais 731/2 Gregory 732 – 739/40 Godescalc 739/40 – 42 Gisulf II 742 – 751 Liutprand 751 – 758 Arichis II 758 – 787 Grimoald III 788 – 806 Grimoald IV 806 – 817 Sico 817 – 832 Sicard 832 – 839 Radelchis I 839 – 851 Radelgar 851 – 854 Adelchis 854 – 878 Gayderis 878 – 882 Radelchis II 882 – 885 Aio II 885 – 891 Ursus 891 – 892 Radelchis II 898 – 899 ix Acknowledgements This work has been shaped by countless individuals, ranging from those who helped me to craft my specific arguments to others whose care and support gave me the determination necessary to see
Recommended publications
  • Download Download

    Download Download

    Of Palaces, Hunts, and Pork Roast: Deciphering the Last Chapters of the Capitulary of Quierzy (a. 877) Martin Gravel Politics depends on personal contacts.1 This is true in today’s world, and it was certainly true in early medieval states. Even in the Carolingian empire, the larg- est Western polity of the period, power depended on relations built on personal contacts.2 In an effort to nurture such necessary relationships, the sovereign moved with his court, within a network of important political “communication centres”;3 in the ninth century, the foremost among these were his palaces, along with certain cities and religious sanctuaries. And thus, in contemporaneous sources, the Latin term palatium often designates not merely a royal residence but the king’s entourage, through a metonymic displacement that shows the importance of palatial grounds in * I would like to thank my fellow panelists at the International Medieval Congress (Leeds, 2011): Stuart Airlie, Alexandra Beauchamp, and Aurélien Le Coq, as well as our session organizer Jens Schneider. This paper has greatly benefited from the good counsel of Jennifer R. Davis, Eduard Frunzeanu, Alban Gautier, Maxime L’Héritier, and Jonathan Wild. I am also indebted to Eric J. Goldberg, who was kind enough to read my draft and share insightful remarks. In the final stage, the precise reading by Florilegium’s anonymous referees has greatly improved this paper. 1 In this paper, the term politics will be used in accordance with Baker’s definition, as rephrased by Stofferahn: “politics, broadly construed, is the activity through which individuals and groups in any society articulate, negotiate, implement, and enforce the competing claims they make upon one another”; Stofferahn, “Resonance and Discord,” 9.
  • Saint ADALBERT and Central Europe

    Saint ADALBERT and Central Europe

    POLAND CZECH REPUBLIC SLOVAKIA AUSTRIA HUNGARY SLO CRO ITALY BiH SERBIA ME BG Saint ADALBERT and Central Europe Patrimonium Sancti Adalberti Collective of Authors Patrimonium Sancti Adalberti Society issued this collection of essays as its first publication in 2021. I/2021 Issuing of the publication was supported by companies: ZVVZ GROUP, a.s. RUDOLF JELÍNEK a.s. PNEUKOM, spol. s r.o. ISBN 978-80-270-9768-5 Saint ADALBERT and Central Europe Issuing of the publication was supported by companies: Collective of Authors: Petr Bahník Jaroslav Bašta Petr Drulák Aleš Dvořák Petr Charvát Stanislav Janský Zdeněk Koudelka Adam Kretschmer Radomír Malý Martin Pecina Igor Volný Zdeněk Žák Introductory Word: Prokop Siostrzonek A word in conclusion: Tomáš Jirsa Editors: Tomáš Kulman, Michal Semín Publisher: Patrimonium Sancti Adalberti, z.s. Markétská 1/28, 169 00 Prague 6 - Břevnov Czech Republic [email protected] www.psazs.cz Cover: Statue of St. Adalbert from the monument of St. Wenceslas on Wenceslas Square in Prague Registration at Ministry of the Culture (Czech Republic): MK ČR E 24182 ISBN 978-80-270-9768-5 4 / Prokop Siostrzonek Introductory word 6 / Petr Bahník Content Pax Christiana of Saint Slavník 14 / Radomír Malý Saint Adalbert – the common patron of Central European nations 19 / Petr Charvát The life and work of Saint Adalbert 23 / Aleš Dvořák Historical development and contradictory concepts of efforts to unite Europe 32 / Petr Drulák A dangerous world and the Central European integration as a necessity 41 / Stanislav Janský Central Europe
  • Seeing Islam As Others Saw It

    Seeing Islam As Others Saw It

    STUDIES IN LATE ANTIQUITY AND EARLY ISLAM 13 SEEING ISLAM AS OTHERS SAW IT A SURVEY AND EVALUATION OF CHRISTIAN, JEWISH AND ZOROASTRIAN WRITINGS ON EARLY ISLAM ROBERT G. HOYLAND THE DARWIN PRESS, INC. PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY 1997 Copyright © 1997 by THE DARWIN PRESS, INC., Princeton, NJ 08543. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations in critical articles or reviews. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hoyland, Robert G., 1966- Seeing Islam as others saw it : a survey and evaluation of Christian, Jewish, and Zoroastrian writings on early Islam / Robert G. Hoyland. p. cm. - (Studies in late antiquity and early Islam ; 13) Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 0-87850-125-8 (alk. paper) 1. Islamic Empire-History-622-661-Historiography. 2. Islamic Empire-History-661-750- Historiography. 3. Middle East-Civilization-History-To 622-Historiography. I. Title. II. Series. DS38.1.H69 1997 939.4-dc21 97-19196 CIP Second Printing, 2001. The paper in this book is acid-free neutral pH stock and meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. Printed in the United States of America CONTENTS Abbreviations Acknowledgements Introduction PART I The Historical and Literary Background 1. The Historical Background Late Antiquity to Early Islam: Continuity or Change? Identity and Allegiance Apocalypticism 2.
  • Byzantine Missionaries, Foreign Rulers, and Christian Narratives (Ca

    Byzantine Missionaries, Foreign Rulers, and Christian Narratives (Ca

    Conversion and Empire: Byzantine Missionaries, Foreign Rulers, and Christian Narratives (ca. 300-900) by Alexander Borislavov Angelov A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in The University of Michigan 2011 Doctoral Committee: Professor John V.A. Fine, Jr., Chair Professor Emeritus H. Don Cameron Professor Paul Christopher Johnson Professor Raymond H. Van Dam Associate Professor Diane Owen Hughes © Alexander Borislavov Angelov 2011 To my mother Irina with all my love and gratitude ii Acknowledgements To put in words deepest feelings of gratitude to so many people and for so many things is to reflect on various encounters and influences. In a sense, it is to sketch out a singular narrative but of many personal “conversions.” So now, being here, I am looking back, and it all seems so clear and obvious. But, it is the historian in me that realizes best the numerous situations, emotions, and dilemmas that brought me where I am. I feel so profoundly thankful for a journey that even I, obsessed with planning, could not have fully anticipated. In a final analysis, as my dissertation grew so did I, but neither could have become better without the presence of the people or the institutions that I feel so fortunate to be able to acknowledge here. At the University of Michigan, I first thank my mentor John Fine for his tremendous academic support over the years, for his friendship always present when most needed, and for best illustrating to me how true knowledge does in fact produce better humanity.
  • The Construction of Ottonian Kingship Ottonian of Construction The

    The Construction of Ottonian Kingship Ottonian of Construction The

    INTELLECTUAL AND POLITICAL HISTORY Grabowski The Construction of Ottonian Kingship Antoni Grabowski The Construction of Ottonian Kingship Narratives and Myth in Tenth-Century Germany The Construction of Ottonian Kingship The Construction of Ottonian Kingship Narratives and Myth in Tenth-Century Germany Antoni Grabowski Amsterdam University Press Cover illustration: Interior of Collegiate Church of Quedlinburg Source: NoRud / Wikimedia Commons [CC BY-SA 3.0 de (https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/deed.en) Cover design: Coördesign, Leiden Lay-out: Crius Group, Hulshout isbn 978 94 6298 723 4 e-isbn 978 90 4853 873 7 (pdf) doi 10.5117/9789462987234 nur 684 © Antoni Grabowski / Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam 2018 All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the written permission of both the copyright owner and the author of the book. Table of Contents Acknowledgements 7 Note on Citations 9 Introduction 11 1 Aims and State of the Art 12 2 What is Myth/Mythology? 15 3 Liudprand’s Biography 19 4 Origins of Antapodosis 23 5 Language of Antapodosis 27 6 Other Contemporary Sources: Widukind’s Res gestae saxoni- cae; Continuation of the Chronicle of Regino of Prüm; Hrotsvit’s Gesta Ottonis 29 7 Interpreter of Liudprand: Frutolf of Michelsberg 30 8 Understanding Liudprand’s Works: Textbooks
  • Using Italian

    Using Italian

    This page intentionally left blank Using Italian This is a guide to Italian usage for students who have already acquired the basics of the language and wish to extend their knowledge. Unlike conventional grammars, it gives special attention to those areas of vocabulary and grammar which cause most difficulty to English speakers. Careful consideration is given throughout to questions of style, register, and politeness which are essential to achieving an appropriate level of formality or informality in writing and speech. The book surveys the contemporary linguistic scene and gives ample space to the new varieties of Italian that are emerging in modern Italy. The influence of the dialects in shaping the development of Italian is also acknowledged. Clear, readable and easy to consult via its two indexes, this is an essential reference for learners seeking access to the finer nuances of the Italian language. j. j. kinder is Associate Professor of Italian at the Department of European Languages and Studies, University of Western Australia. He has published widely on the Italian language spoken by migrants and their children. v. m. savini is tutor in Italian at the Department of European Languages and Studies, University of Western Australia. He works as both a tutor and a translator. Companion titles to Using Italian Using French (third edition) Using Italian Synonyms A guide to contemporary usage howard moss and vanna motta r. e. batc h e lor and m. h. of f ord (ISBN 0 521 47506 6 hardback) (ISBN 0 521 64177 2 hardback) (ISBN 0 521 47573 2 paperback) (ISBN 0 521 64593 X paperback) Using French Vocabulary Using Spanish jean h.
  • Charlemagne Empire and Society

    Charlemagne Empire and Society

    CHARLEMAGNE EMPIRE AND SOCIETY editedbyJoamta Story Manchester University Press Manchesterand New York disMhutcdexclusively in the USAby Polgrave Copyright ManchesterUniversity Press2005 While copyright in the volume as a whole is vested in Manchester University Press, copyright in individual chaptersbelongs to their respectiveauthors, and no chapter may be reproducedwholly or in part without the expresspermission in writing of both author and publisher. Publishedby ManchesterUniversity Press Oxford Road,Manchester 8113 9\R. UK and Room 400,17S Fifth Avenue. New York NY 10010, USA www. m an chestcru niversi rvp ress.co. uk Distributedexclusively in the L)S.4 by Palgrave,175 Fifth Avenue, New York NY 10010,USA Distributedexclusively in Canadaby UBC Press,University of British Columbia, 2029 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, CanadaV6T 1Z? British Library Cataloguing"in-PublicationData A cataloguerecord for this book is available from the British Library Library of CongressCataloging-in-Publication Data applied for ISBN 0 7190 7088 0 hardhuck EAN 978 0 7190 7088 4 ISBN 0 7190 7089 9 papaluck EAN 978 0 7190 7089 1 First published 2005 14 13 1211 100908070605 10987654321 Typeset in Dante with Trajan display by Koinonia, Manchester Printed in Great Britain by Bell & Bain Limited, Glasgow IN MEMORY OF DONALD A. BULLOUGH 1928-2002 AND TIMOTHY REUTER 1947-2002 13 CHARLEMAGNE'S COINAGE: IDEOLOGY AND ECONOMY SimonCoupland Introduction basis Was Charles the Great - Charlemagne - really great? On the of the numis- matic evidence, the answer is resoundingly positive. True, the transformation of the Frankish currency had already begun: the gold coinage of the Merovingian era had already been replaced by silver coins in Francia, and the pound had already been divided into 240 of these silver 'deniers' (denarii).
  • By Filippo Sabetti Mcgill University the MAKING of ITALY AS AN

    By Filippo Sabetti Mcgill University the MAKING of ITALY AS AN

    THE MAKING OF ITALY AS AN EXPERIMENT IN CONSTITUTIONAL CHOICE by Filippo Sabetti McGill University THE MAKING OF ITALY AS AN EXPERIMENT IN CONSTITUTIONAL CHOICE In his reflections on the history of European state-making, Charles Tilly notes that the victory of unitary principles of organiza- tion has obscured the fact, that federal principles of organization were alternative design criteria in The Formation of National States in West- ern Europe.. Centralized commonwealths emerged from the midst of autonomous, uncoordinated and lesser political structures. Tilly further reminds us that "(n)othing could be more detrimental to an understanding of this whole process than the old liberal conception of European history as the gradual creation and extension of political rights .... Far from promoting (representative) institutions, early state-makers 2 struggled against them." The unification of Italy in the nineteenth century was also a victory of centralized principles of organization but Italian state- making or Risorgimento differs from earlier European state-making in at least three respects. First, the prospects of a single political regime for the entire Italian peninsula and islands generated considerable debate about what model of government was best suited to a population that had for more than thirteen hundred years lived under separate and diverse political regimes. The system of government that emerged was the product of a conscious choice among alternative possibilities con- sidered in the formulation of the basic rules that applied to the organi- zation and conduct of Italian governance. Second, federal principles of organization were such a part of the Italian political tradition that the victory of unitary principles of organization in the making of Italy 2 failed to obscure or eclipse them completely.
  • Urban Society and Communal Independence in Twelfth-Century Southern Italy

    Urban Society and Communal Independence in Twelfth-Century Southern Italy

    Urban society and communal independence in Twelfth-Century Southern Italy Paul Oldfield Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of PhD. The University of Leeds The School of History September 2006 The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. Acknowledgements I would like to express my thanks for the help of so many different people, without which there would simply have been no thesis. The funding of the AHRC (formerly AHRB) and the support of the School of History at the University of Leeds made this research possible in the first place. I am grateful too for the general support, and advice on reading and sources, provided by Dr. A. J. Metcalfe, Dr. P. Skinner, Professor E. Van Houts, and Donald Matthew. Thanks also to Professor J-M. Martin, of the Ecole Francoise de Rome, for his continual eagerness to offer guidance and to discuss the subject. A particularly large thanks to Mr. I. S. Moxon, of the School of History at the University of Leeds, for innumerable afternoons spent pouring over troublesome Latin, for reading drafts, and for just chatting! Last but not least, I am hugely indebted to the support, understanding and endless efforts of my supervisor Professor G. A. Loud. His knowledge and energy for the subject has been infectious, and his generosity in offering me numerous personal translations of key narrative and documentary sources (many of which are used within) allowed this research to take shape and will never be forgotten.
  • Guido M. Berndt the Armament of Lombard Warriors in Italy. Some Historical and Archaeological Approaches

    Guido M. Berndt the Armament of Lombard Warriors in Italy. Some Historical and Archaeological Approaches

    The Armament of Lombard Warriors in Italy 299 Guido M. Berndt The Armament of Lombard Warriors in Italy. Some Historical and Archaeological Approaches Early medieval Europe has often been branded as they have entered upon the sacred soil of Italy, a violent dark age, in which fierce warlords, war- speaks of mere savage delight in bloodshed and riors and warrior-kings played a dominant role in the rudest forms of sensual indulgence; they are the political structuring of societies. Indeed, one the anarchists of the Völkerwanderung, whose de- quite familiar picture is of the early Middle Ages as light is only in destruction, and who seem inca- a period in which armed conflicts and military life pable of culture”.5 This statement was but one in were so much a part of political and cultural devel- a long-lasting debate concerning one particular opment, as well as daily life, that a broad account question that haunted (mainly) Italian historians of the period is to large extent a description of how and antiquarians especially in the nineteenth cen- men went to war.1 Even in phases of peace, the tury – although it had its roots in the fifteenth conduct of warrior-elites set many of the societal century – regarding the role that the Lombards standards. Those who held power in society typi- played in the history of the Italian nation.6 Simply cally carried weapons and had a strong inclination put, the question was whether the Lombards could to settle disputes by violence, creating a martial at- have contributed anything positive to the history mosphere to everyday life in their realms.
  • Charlemagne and Europe

    Charlemagne and Europe

    Journal of the British Academy, 2, 125–152. DOI 10.5871/jba/002.125 Posted 3 December 2014. © The British Academy 2014 Charlemagne and Europe Raleigh Lecture on History read 12 November 2013 JINTY NELSON Fellow of the Academy Abstract: This paper, ‘Charlemagne and Europe’, is a revised and expanded form of the lecture I read on 12 November 2013. I begin by asking what Europe has meant to medieval historians in recent times, focusing on some answers given in the 1990s and around the year 2000, and reflecting on the different ways Charlemagne is being com- memorated in different parts of Europe now, 1,200 years after his death. I then re- examine Charlemagne through evidence from his own time, as a ruler of a recognisably European empire, and, in the light of recent research and new approaches, I recon- sider his record as a political figure. A brief survey of his posthumous reputation as man and myth in the middle ages, and after, leads into a closer look at the roles assigned to him in post-war rhetoric. Finally I ask whether Charlemagne has, or might have, anything to offer Europeans today. Keywords: Charlemagne, Europe, empire, commemoration, myth To be invited to give the Raleigh Lecture is, as it has been since it was endowed almost a century ago, a tremendous honour. It also presents a new challenge, for the British Academy is changing with the times, and today’s Raleigh Lecturer is now invited to connect the Academy with a broad public. The occasion has become part of the Academy’s opening-wide of its doors.
  • Defining and Perceiving Peoples in the Chronicles of Norman Italy" (2011)

    Defining and Perceiving Peoples in the Chronicles of Norman Italy" (2011)

    Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 6-2011 "Videbantur Gens Effera": Defining and erP ceiving Peoples in the Chronicles of Norman Italy Jesse Hysell Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the European History Commons Recommended Citation Hysell, Jesse, ""Videbantur Gens Effera": Defining and Perceiving Peoples in the Chronicles of Norman Italy" (2011). Master's Theses. 394. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/394 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. "VIDEBANTUR GENS EFFERA": DEFINING AND PERCEIVING PEOPLES IN THE CHRONICLES OF NORMAN ITALY by Jesse Hysell A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty ofThe Graduate College in partial fulfillment ofthe requirements for the Degree of Master ofArts Department of History Advisor: Luigi Andrea Berto, Ph.D. Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan June 2011 "VIDEBANTUR GENS EFFERA": DEFINING AND PERCEIVING PEOPLES IN THE CHRONICLES OF NORMAN ITALY Jesse Hysell, M. A. Western Michigan University, 2011 The goal ofthis project is to analyze the ways different cultural groups in Sicily and southern Italy were depicted in a set ofhistorical texts associated with the Norman takeover ofthose regions in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. To achieve that aim, I consider social vocabulary applied to three distinct peoples (native Italians, Greeks, and Muslims) in five sources written by Amatus ofMontecassino, Geoffrey Malaterra, William ofApulia, Alexander ofTelese, and Hugo Falcandus.