DOCSLIB.ORG

Jamaica 2016-2021

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Jamaica 2016-2021 National Strategy and Action Plan on Biological Diversity in Jamaica 2016-2021 December 2016 COPYRIGHT PAGE National Strategy and Action Plan on Biological Diversity in Jamaica 2016-2021 Prepared by Environmental Solutions Limited for the National Environment and Planning Agency (NEPA) 10 & 11 Caledonia Avenue Kingston 5 Jamaica W. I. Telephone: (876) 754–7540 Fax: (876) 754–7596 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.nepa.gov.jm All rights reserved. This publication may not be reproduced in whole or part for education or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder. Acknowledgement of the source must be made and the National Environment & Planning Agency would appreciate receiving a copy of any such publication. Copyright © 2016 by the National Environment and Planning Agency (NEPA) Edited by Leonie Barnaby January 2017 Revised by the National Environment and Planning Agency August 2017 Cover Photos (clockwise) are: Jamaican Boa (Epicrates subflavus); Broughtonia negrilensis; a section of the Black River Morass, St. Elizabeth; a Jamaican market scene; Branching Tube Sponge in Jamaican waters; a view of the Blue and John Crow Mountains; Euphorbia punicea; Jamaican Tody (Todus todus) Table of Contents Foreword .................................................................................................................................................................. vi Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................................ vii List of Acronyms .................................................................................................................................................... viii Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................................. xi PART I – INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 Lessons learned from the 2003 NBSAP .................................................................................................. 2 1.2 Development of Jamaica’s Second NBSAP ............................................................................................ 3 1.3 Background .............................................................................................................................................. 4 1.3.1 Jamaica - Land of Wood and Water ................................................................................................ 4 1.3.2 People and Culture .......................................................................................................................... 4 1.3.3 History of Jamaica .......................................................................................................................... 5 1.4 Jamaica's Physical Features ................................................................................................................... 5 1.4.1 Topography ...................................................................................................................................... 5 1.4.2 Geology ........................................................................................................................................... 6 1.4.3 Climate ............................................................................................................................................. 6 PART II – SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS OF JAMAICA’S BIODIVERSITY ................................................................. 7 2 Situational Analysis of Jamaica’s Biodiversity ................................................................................................. 8 2.1 The Value of Biodiversity to Jamaica ...................................................................................................... 8 2.2 Species Diversity ..................................................................................................................................... 9 2.3 Terrestrial Biodiversity ............................................................................................................................. 9 2.4 Forests ................................................................................................................................................... 11 2.5 Watersheds ............................................................................................................................................ 13 2.6 Freshwater Biodiversity ......................................................................................................................... 14 2.7 Coastal and Marine Biodiversity ............................................................................................................ 15 National Strategy and Action Plan on Biological Diversity in Jamaica 2016-2021 i 2.7.1 Marine resources ........................................................................................................................... 15 2.7.2 Seagrass/Marine Plants ................................................................................................................. 16 2.7.3 Coral Reefs .................................................................................................................................... 16 2.7.4 Wetlands ........................................................................................................................................ 18 2.8 Agro-Biodiversity .................................................................................................................................... 19 PART III CONSTITUTIONAL, LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK RELATED TO BIODIVERSITY ........ 20 3 Constitutional, Legal and Policy Framework related to Biodiversity .............................................................. 21 3.1 The Constitution of Jamaica .................................................................................................................. 21 3.2 Overview of Legislation Governing Biodiversity .................................................................................... 21 3.2.1 Provisions of the Main Laws and Regulations related to Biodiversity ........................................... 22 3.2.2 Other Legislation Relating to Biodiversity ...................................................................................... 24 3.3 National Policies, Plans and Strategies ................................................................................................. 25 3.3.1 Vision 2030 Jamaica - National Development Plan, 2009 ............................................................ 25 3.3.2 The main policies and plans relating to biodiversity ...................................................................... 26 3.3.3 Future Initiatives ............................................................................................................................ 30 3.4 International Agreements ...................................................................................................................... 31 3.4.1 Jamaica and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) .......................................................... 31 3.4.2 Other Biodiversity-related treaties .................................................................................................... 31 PART IV – PRESSURES, GAPS AND CHALLENGES ........................................................................................ 33 4 Pressures, Gaps and Challenges Affecting the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Jamaica’s Biodiversity 34 A. PRESSURES ..................................................................................................................................... 34 4.1 Pressures on Biodiversity ...................................................................................................................... 34 4.2 Socio-economic Factors ........................................................................................................................ 34 4.2.1 Population Pressure ...................................................................................................................... 34 4.2.2 Poverty ........................................................................................................................................... 35 4.2.3 Habitat Degradation ....................................................................................................................... 35 4.2.4 Overexploitation ............................................................................................................................. 36 4.2.5 Invasive Alien Species ................................................................................................................... 37 National Strategy and Action Plan on Biological Diversity in Jamaica 2016-2021 ii 4.2.6 Pollution ......................................................................................................................................... 37 B. GAPS AND CHALLENGES ................................................................................................................... 38 4.3 Climate Change ....................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • After the Treaties: a Social, Economic and Demographic History of Maroon Society in Jamaica, 1739-1842
    University of Southampton Research Repository Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis and, where applicable, any accompanying data are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non‐commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis and the accompanying data cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content of the thesis and accompanying research data (where applicable) must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder/s. When referring to this thesis and any accompanying data, full bibliographic details must be given, e.g. Thesis: Author (Year of Submission) "Full thesis title", University of Southampton, name of the University Faculty or School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. University of Southampton Department of History After the Treaties: A Social, Economic and Demographic History of Maroon Society in Jamaica, 1739-1842 Michael Sivapragasam A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History June 2018 i ii UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY Doctor of Philosophy After the Treaties: A Social, Economic and Demographic History of Maroon Society in Jamaica, 1739-1842 Michael Sivapragasam This study is built on an investigation of a large number of archival sources, but in particular the Journals and Votes of the House of the Assembly of Jamaica, drawn from resources in Britain and Jamaica. Using data drawn from these primary sources, I assess how the Maroons of Jamaica forged an identity for themselves in the century under slavery following the peace treaties of 1739 and 1740.
    [Show full text]
  • Update on Systems Subsequent to Tropical Storm Grace
    Update on Systems subsequent to Tropical Storm Grace KSA NAME AREA SERVED STATUS East Gordon Town Relift Gordon Town and Kintyre JPS Single Phase Up Park Camp Well Up Park Camp, Sections of Vineyard Town Currently down - Investigation pending August Town, Hope Flats, Papine, Gordon Town, Mona Heights, Hope Road, Beverly Hills, Hope Pastures, Ravina, Hope Filter Plant Liguanea, Up Park Camp, Sections of Barbican Road Low Voltage Harbour View, Palisadoes, Port Royal, Seven Miles, Long Mountain Bayshore Power Outage Sections of Jack's Hill Road, Skyline Drive, Mountain Jubba Spring Booster Spring, Scott Level Road, Peter's Log No power due to fallen pipe West Constant Spring, Norbrook, Cherry Gardens, Havendale, Half-Way-Tree, Lady Musgrave, Liguanea, Manor Park, Shortwood, Graham Heights, Aylsham, Allerdyce, Arcadia, White Hall Gardens, Belgrade, Kingswood, Riva Ridge, Eastwood Park Gardens, Hughenden, Stillwell Road, Barbican Road, Russell Heights Constant Spring Road & Low Inflows. Intakes currently being Gardens, Camperdown, Mannings Hill Road, Red Hills cleaned Road, Arlene Gardens, Roehampton, Smokey Vale, Constant Spring Golf Club, Lower Jacks Hill Road, Jacks Hill, Tavistock, Trench Town, Calabar Mews, Zaidie Gardens, State Gardens, Haven Meade Relift, Hydra Drive Constant Spring Filter Plant Relift, Chancery Hall, Norbrook Tank To Forrest Hills Relift, Kirkland Relift, Brentwood Relift.Rock Pond, Red Hills, Brentwood, Leas Flat, Belvedere, Mosquito Valley, Sterling Castle, Forrest Hills, Forrest Hills Brentwood Relift, Kirkland
    [Show full text]
  • A Deductive Thematic Analysis of Jamaican Maroons
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Sinclair-Maragh, Gaunette; Simpson, Shaniel Bernard Article — Published Version Heritage tourism and ethnic identity: A deductive thematic analysis of Jamaican Maroons Journal of Tourism, Heritage & Services Marketing Suggested Citation: Sinclair-Maragh, Gaunette; Simpson, Shaniel Bernard (2021) : Heritage tourism and ethnic identity: A deductive thematic analysis of Jamaican Maroons, Journal of Tourism, Heritage & Services Marketing, ISSN 2529-1947, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Vol. 7, Iss. 1, pp. 64-75, http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4521331 , https://www.jthsm.gr/?page_id=5317 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/230516 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ www.econstor.eu Journal of Tourism, Heritage & Services Marketing, Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genus Brassavola, (L.) R.Br
    The Genus Brassavola, (L.) R.Br. in W.T.Aiton, Hortus Kew. 5: 216 (1813) Type: Brassavola [B.] cucullata [bra-SAH-vo-la kyoo-kyoo-LAH-ta] There are 28 species (OrchidWiz [update Dec 2017]) that are epiphytes and sometimes lithophytes at elevations of from sea level to 3300 ft (1000 m) from Mexico, southern Caribbean islands to northern Argentina in moist or wet montane forests, mangroves, rocky crevices and cliff faces. They are most fragrant at night and many with a citrus smell. The genus is characterized by very small pencil-like pseudobulbs, often forming large clumps; a single, fleshy, apical, sub-terete leaf and the inflorescence produced form the apex of the pseudobulb. The inflorescence carries from a single to a few large flowers. The floral characteristics are elongate narrow similar sepals and petals, the base of the lip usually tightly rolled around at least a portion of the column which carries 12, sometimes eight unequal pollina with prominent opaque caudicles. The flowers usually occur, as a rule, in spring, summer and fall. The flowers are generally yellow to greenish white with a mostly white lip. It is not unusual for dark spots, usually purple, to be in the region where the sepals, petals, and lip join the stem (claw). This spotting is a dominant generic trait in Brassavola nodose. They are easily cultivated under intermediate conditions. Although this is a relatively small genus (28 species), the species show an unusually close relationship with one another in their floral patterns, coloration, and column structure making identification difficult, key to know where the plants were collected.
    [Show full text]
  • §4-71-6.5 LIST of CONDITIONALLY APPROVED ANIMALS November
    §4-71-6.5 LIST OF CONDITIONALLY APPROVED ANIMALS November 28, 2006 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME INVERTEBRATES PHYLUM Annelida CLASS Oligochaeta ORDER Plesiopora FAMILY Tubificidae Tubifex (all species in genus) worm, tubifex PHYLUM Arthropoda CLASS Crustacea ORDER Anostraca FAMILY Artemiidae Artemia (all species in genus) shrimp, brine ORDER Cladocera FAMILY Daphnidae Daphnia (all species in genus) flea, water ORDER Decapoda FAMILY Atelecyclidae Erimacrus isenbeckii crab, horsehair FAMILY Cancridae Cancer antennarius crab, California rock Cancer anthonyi crab, yellowstone Cancer borealis crab, Jonah Cancer magister crab, dungeness Cancer productus crab, rock (red) FAMILY Geryonidae Geryon affinis crab, golden FAMILY Lithodidae Paralithodes camtschatica crab, Alaskan king FAMILY Majidae Chionocetes bairdi crab, snow Chionocetes opilio crab, snow 1 CONDITIONAL ANIMAL LIST §4-71-6.5 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Chionocetes tanneri crab, snow FAMILY Nephropidae Homarus (all species in genus) lobster, true FAMILY Palaemonidae Macrobrachium lar shrimp, freshwater Macrobrachium rosenbergi prawn, giant long-legged FAMILY Palinuridae Jasus (all species in genus) crayfish, saltwater; lobster Panulirus argus lobster, Atlantic spiny Panulirus longipes femoristriga crayfish, saltwater Panulirus pencillatus lobster, spiny FAMILY Portunidae Callinectes sapidus crab, blue Scylla serrata crab, Samoan; serrate, swimming FAMILY Raninidae Ranina ranina crab, spanner; red frog, Hawaiian CLASS Insecta ORDER Coleoptera FAMILY Tenebrionidae Tenebrio molitor mealworm,
    [Show full text]
  • Final Report
    Jamaican Justice System Reform Task Force Final Report June 2007 Jamaican Justice System Reform Task Force (JJSRTF) Prof. Barrington Chevannes, Chair The Hon. Mr. Justice Lensley Wolfe, O.J. (Chief Justice of Jamaica) Mrs. Carol Palmer, J.P. (Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Justice) Mr. Arnaldo Brown (Ministry of National Security) DCP Linval Bailey (Jamaica Constabulary Force) Mr. Dennis Daly, Q.C. (Human Rights Advocate) Rev. Devon Dick, J.P. (Civil Society) Mr. Eric Douglas (Public Sector Reform Unit, Cabinet Office) Mr. Patrick Foster (Attorney-General’s Department) Mrs. Arlene Harrison-Henry (Jamaican Bar Association) Mrs. Janet Davy (Department of Correctional Services) Mrs. Valerie Neita Robertson (Advocates Association) Miss Lisa Palmer (Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions) The Hon. Mr. Justice Seymour Panton, C.D. (Court of Appeal) Ms. Donna Parchment, C.D., J.P. (Dispute Resolution Foundation) Miss Lorna Peddie (Civil Society) Miss Hilary Phillips, Q.C. (Jamaican Bar Association) Miss Kathryn M. Phipps (Jamaica Labour Party) Mrs. Elaine Romans (Court Administrators) Mr. Milton Samuda/Mrs. Stacey Ann Soltau-Robinson (Jamaica Chamber of Commerce) Mrs. Jacqueline Samuels-Brown (Advocates Association) Mrs. Audrey Sewell (Justice Training Institute) Miss Melissa Simms (Youth Representative) Mr. Justice Ronald Hugh Small, Q.C. (Private Sector Organisation of Jamaica) Her Hon. Ms. Lorraine Smith (Resident Magistrates) Mr. Carlton Stephen, J.P. (Lay Magistrates Association) Ms. Audrey Thomas (Public Sector Reform Unit, Cabinet Office) Rt. Rev. Dr. Robert Thompson (Church) Mr. Ronald Thwaites (Civil Society) Jamaican Justice System Reform Project Team Ms. Robin Sully, Project Director (Canadian Bar Association) Mr. Peter Parchment, Project Manager (Ministry of Justice) Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • We Make It Easier for You to Sell
    We Make it Easier For You to Sell Travel Agent Reference Guide TABLE OF CONTENTS ITEM PAGE ITEM PAGE Accommodations .................. 11-18 Hotels & Facilities .................. 11-18 Air Service – Charter & Scheduled ....... 6-7 Houses of Worship ................... .19 Animals (entry of) ..................... .1 Jamaica Tourist Board Offices . .Back Cover Apartment Accommodations ........... .19 Kingston ............................ .3 Airports............................. .1 Land, History and the People ............ .2 Attractions........................ 20-21 Latitude & Longitude.................. .25 Banking............................. .1 Major Cities......................... 3-5 Car Rental Companies ................. .8 Map............................. 12-13 Charter Air Service ................... 6-7 Marriage, General Information .......... .19 Churches .......................... .19 Medical Facilities ..................... .1 Climate ............................. .1 Meet The People...................... .1 Clothing ............................ .1 Mileage Chart ....................... .25 Communications...................... .1 Montego Bay......................... .3 Computer Access Code ................ 6 Montego Bay Convention Center . .5 Credit Cards ......................... .1 Museums .......................... .24 Cruise Ships ......................... .7 National Symbols .................... .18 Currency............................ .1 Negril .............................. .5 Customs ............................ .1 Ocho
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of the Placenta Drives a Shift in Sexual Selection in Livebearing Fish
    LETTER doi:10.1038/nature13451 The evolution of the placenta drives a shift in sexual selection in livebearing fish B. J. A. Pollux1,2, R. W. Meredith1,3, M. S. Springer1, T. Garland1 & D. N. Reznick1 The evolution of the placenta from a non-placental ancestor causes a species produce large, ‘costly’ (that is, fully provisioned) eggs5,6, gaining shift of maternal investment from pre- to post-fertilization, creating most reproductive benefits by carefully selecting suitable mates based a venue for parent–offspring conflicts during pregnancy1–4. Theory on phenotype or behaviour2. These females, however, run the risk of mat- predicts that the rise of these conflicts should drive a shift from a ing with genetically inferior (for example, closely related or dishonestly reliance on pre-copulatory female mate choice to polyandry in conjunc- signalling) males, because genetically incompatible males are generally tion with post-zygotic mechanisms of sexual selection2. This hypoth- not discernable at the phenotypic level10. Placental females may reduce esis has not yet been empirically tested. Here we apply comparative these risks by producing tiny, inexpensive eggs and creating large mixed- methods to test a key prediction of this hypothesis, which is that the paternity litters by mating with multiple males. They may then rely on evolution of placentation is associated with reduced pre-copulatory the expression of the paternal genomes to induce differential patterns of female mate choice. We exploit a unique quality of the livebearing fish post-zygotic maternal investment among the embryos and, in extreme family Poeciliidae: placentas have repeatedly evolved or been lost, cases, divert resources from genetically defective (incompatible) to viable creating diversity among closely related lineages in the presence or embryos1–4,6,11.
    [Show full text]
  • Endangered Species (Protection, Conser Va Tion and Regulation of Trade)
    ENDANGERED SPECIES (PROTECTION, CONSER VA TION AND REGULATION OF TRADE) THE ENDANGERED SPECIES (PROTECTION, CONSERVATION AND REGULATION OF TRADE) ACT ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS Preliminary Short title. Interpretation. Objects of Act. Saving of other laws. Exemptions, etc., relating to trade. Amendment of Schedules. Approved management programmes. Approval of scientific institution. Inter-scientific institution transfer. Breeding in captivity. Artificial propagation. Export of personal or household effects. PART I. Administration Designahem of Mana~mentand establishment of Scientific Authority. Policy directions. Functions of Management Authority. Functions of Scientific Authority. Scientific reports. PART II. Restriction on wade in endangered species 18. Restriction on trade in endangered species. 2 ENDANGERED SPECIES (PROTECTION, CONSERVATION AND REGULA TION OF TRADE) Regulation of trade in species spec fled in the First, Second, Third and Fourth Schedules Application to trade in endangered specimen of species specified in First, Second, Third and Fourth Schedule. Export of specimens of species specified in First Schedule. Importation of specimens of species specified in First Schedule. Re-export of specimens of species specified in First Schedule. Introduction from the sea certificate for specimens of species specified in First Schedule. Export of specimens of species specified in Second Schedule. Import of specimens of species specified in Second Schedule. Re-export of specimens of species specified in Second Schedule. Introduction from the sea of specimens of species specified in Second Schedule. Export of specimens of species specified in Third Schedule. Import of specimens of species specified in Third Schedule. Re-export of specimens of species specified in Third Schedule. Export of specimens specified in Fourth Schedule. PART 111.
    [Show full text]
  • Epicrates Inornatus)Ina Hurricane Impacted Forest1
    BIOTROPICA 36(4): 555±571 2004 Spatial Ecology of Puerto Rican Boas (Epicrates inornatus)ina Hurricane Impacted Forest1 Joseph M. Wunderle Jr. 2, Javier E. Mercado International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 490, Palmer, Puerto Rico 00721, U.S.A. Bernard Parresol Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 200 Weaver Blvd., P.O. Box 2680, Asheville, North Carolina 28802, U.S.A. and Esteban Terranova International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 490, Palmer, Puerto Rico 00721, U.S.A. ABSTRACT Spatial ecology of Puerto Rican boas (Epicrates inornatus, Boidae) was studied with radiotelemetry in a subtropical wet forest recovering from a major hurricane (7±9 yr previous) when Hurricane Georges struck. Different boas were studied during three periods relative to Hurricane Georges: before only; before and after; and after only. Mean daily movement per month increased throughout the three periods, indicating that the boas moved more after the storm than before. Radio-tagged boas also became more visible to observers after the hurricane. Throughout the three periods, the sexes differed in movements, with males moving greater distances per move and moving more frequently than females. Males showed a bimodal peak of movement during April and June in contrast to the females' July peak. Sexes did not differ in annual home range size, which had a median value of 8.5 ha (range 5 2.0±105.5 ha, N 5 18) for 95 percent adaptive kernal. Females spent more time on or below ground than did males, which were mostly arboreal.
    [Show full text]
  • Destination Jamaica
    © Lonely Planet Publications 12 Destination Jamaica Despite its location almost smack in the center of the Caribbean Sea, the island of Jamaica doesn’t blend in easily with the rest of the Caribbean archipelago. To be sure, it boasts the same addictive sun rays, sugary sands and pampered resort-life as most of the other islands, but it is also set apart historically and culturally. Nowhere else in the Caribbean is the connection to Africa as keenly felt. FAST FACTS Kingston was the major nexus in the New World for the barbaric triangular Population: 2,780,200 trade that brought slaves from Africa and carried sugar and rum to Europe, Area: 10,992 sq km and the Maroons (runaways who took to the hills of Cockpit Country and the Blue Mountains) safeguarded many of the African traditions – and Length of coastline: introduced jerk seasoning to Jamaica’s singular cuisine. St Ann’s Bay’s 1022km Marcus Garvey founded the back-to-Africa movement of the 1910s and ’20s; GDP (per head): US$4600 Rastafarianism took up the call a decade later, and reggae furnished the beat Inflation: 5.8% in the 1960s and ’70s. Little wonder many Jamaicans claim a stronger affinity for Africa than for neighboring Caribbean islands. Unemployment: 11.3% And less wonder that today’s visitors will appreciate their trip to Jamaica Average annual rainfall: all the more if they embrace the island’s unique character. In addition to 78in the inherent ‘African-ness’ of its population, Jamaica boasts the world’s Number of orchid species best coffee, world-class reefs for diving, offbeat bush-medicine hiking tours, found only on the island: congenial fishing villages, pristine waterfalls, cosmopolitan cities, wetlands 73 (there are more than harboring endangered crocodiles and manatees, unforgettable sunsets – in 200 overall) short, enough variety to comprise many utterly distinct vacations.
    [Show full text]
  • Constitutional Reform in the English-Speaking Caribbean: Challenges and Prospects
    Constitutional Reform in the English-Speaking Caribbean: Challenges and Prospects A report prepared for the Conflict Prevention and Peace Forum January 2011 The Constitutional Design Group Principals Zachary Elkins | [email protected] Tom Ginsburg | [email protected] Lead Research Associate Justin Blount | [email protected] The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect those of CPPF or the Social Science Research Council. Constitutional Reform in the ESC p. 2 CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 3 Historical Perspectives on Constitutional Reform in the ESC ................................................. 4 Decolonization and the Independece Constitutions ............................................................... 4 The Rise and Fall of the West Indies Federation ................................................................... 5 Characteristics of ESC Constitutions ......................................................................................... 6 Some General Notes on the Nature of ESC Constitutional Texts ......................................... 7 Executives, Legislatures, and the Judiciary ........................................................................... 8 Fidelity to the Westminster Parliamentary System ........................................................... 8 The Judiciary .....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]