71.... 1t.fdJ~~J(

v 0..1. "Y-t-- ~.~ A~c..-,~· yJ_ C o • P~/?_ ;j~--r-. J>~~~- ~J J--t'C.. 1~~4 ~'IL doA-L; ~~~~~ ~A~,:L.~. THE UNITED KINGDOM

A POLITICAL HISTORY

BY

GOLDWIN SMITH, D.C.L.

A.UTHOR OF II TBB UNITED STATES," ETC., ETC.

The best form of government is that which doth actuate' and inRpire every part and member of a .tate to the common good. -hI!.

VOLUME II

lLonbon MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 1899 COPTUlOUT, 1899, By THE MACMILLAN COMPANY.

Notbloob lJIttSS I. S. Cu.hing ... Co. - Berwick ... Smilh Norwood MaN. U.S.A. CONTENTS

CHAPTER I PAGES CHARLES II•• 1-52

CHAPTER II

JAMES II.-THE REVOLUTION AND ITS RESULTS 53-99

CHAPTER III

WILLIAM ill.. • 100-127

CHAPTER TV

ANNE · 128-153

CHAPTER V

GEORGE I. AND GEORGE IT. - THE :l\IINISTRIES OF 'VAL- .OLE AND CHATHAM · 154-194

CHAPTER VI

GEORGE III. • 195-312

CHA PTER VII·

(h:ORGlt IV. AND "'ILLIAM IV. • • 313-340 V vi CONTENTS

CHAPTER VIII PAGES PARLIAMENTARY REFORM . 341-357

CHAPTER IX

THE FRUITS OF PARLIAMENTARY REFORM • 358-383

CHAPTER X

THE EMPIRE. .384-431

INDEX. 433-482 INDEX

A of the Marquis of Argyle, ii. 8; de- Abbeville. i. 216. feats the Dutch, 32; his vice-regeucy Abbey of Reading, i. 67. in Scotland, 625; defeats Lambert, Abbot, George. Archbishop of Canter- 647. bury, i. 441, 451, 462, 475. Alberoni, Giulio, ii. 165. Abbots, reason of their sitting in par- Albigenses. extermination of, i. 442. liament, i. 174; mitred, removed Albini, William d', i. 140, 141. from the Hoose of Lords, 334. Alcuin i. 22. Abercrombie, Sir Ralph, ii.289. Alderman. the, In Saxon times, i. 9. Aberdeen. University of, focus of pres- Alen90n, Francis, Duke of. i. 383. byterianism, i. 505. Alexander, Bishop of Lincoln, i. 72. Abhorrers, the, ii. 45. Alexander III., Pope, i. 86. Abjuration oath (13 Gu!. m. c. 6), Alexander II., king of Scotland, sides II. 127; renewed by Anne (1 Ann. with the barons, i. 141. c. 2), 139. Alexander III., king of Scotland, i. Absolution, the priestly, i. 346. • 19i. Accnrsi, Francesco, i. 181. Alexander I. of Russia, ii. 311. Acre, taken by Richard I., i. 112. Alexander IV., Pope, wrings money Act of Oblivion passed (1652), i. 590. from English clergy, i.155; releasel\ Adams, Samnel, ii. 200, 207, 212. Henry IV. from the provisions of Addington, Henry, first Visconnt Sid- Oxford. i. 159. mouth, takes office; ii. 248 ef Bq.; Alexander VI., Pope, i. 280, 287, 313. makes war on France, 300. Alexander, the mason, i. 128. Adela, Couutess of Blois. effects a Alfred, King, i. 12. reconciliation between Henry I. and Almains, i. 282. Anselm, i. 65. Alphonso X. the wise, i. 181. Adjntators, i. 559. Altar, cbanged to the communion Adrian IV., Pope, grants the king of table, i. 346. England dominion of Ireland, i. 99. Althorp, John Charles Spencer, Vis­ Adventurers, how they were paid, i. count, and third Earl Spencer, ii. 1iS3. 341,355. Adwalton Moor, battle of, i. 541. Alva, Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, Affinity, degrees of, i. 318, 319, 320. Duke of, i. 377,388. Aghrim. battle of, ii. 97. . America, war with (1812), ii. 307 et sq. Agincourt, battle of, i. 259, 280. American revolution, compared with Agreement of the people, Ireton's, i. the civil war (1642-1649), I. 599. lin, 005. Amiens, peace of, ii. 300. Agriculture, change from, into sheep- Anabaptists, persecuted by Henry farming, effect of, i. 352,353. VIII., i. 318. 348, 377, 395, 476, 045. Aidan. i. 7. Andrewes, Lancelot, Bishop of Win- Aids, felidal (temp. William II.) i. 46. chester, i. 439. 451. Albemarle, George Monck, first Duke I Angles, emigration of, i. 3. of, his conduct compared with that Anglesey, i. 189. VOL. 11-28 433 434 INDEX

Anglicanism and puritanism com­ refnses to cobsecrate Henry's ap­ pared, i. 495 et sq. pointees to bishoprics, 63; sets out Anglo-Saxon race, characteristics of, for Rome, 64; betakes himself again i.3. to Lyons, 65; goes to Normandy, Angouleme, Ademar, Count of, i. 119. ib ... returns to England, 65; his tri­ Angus, Archibald Douglas, fifth Earl nmphant reception, ib ... a compro-. of. See Douglas. mise effected, 66; devotes himself Anne, Queen, of Eugland, brought up to ruling his chnrch, 66; his charac­ a Protestant, ii. 43; her character, ter as painted by his biographer, 128, 129; characteristics of her age, ib.; holds a reforming synod, ib., ii.128. . 425. Anne of Bohemia, wife of Richard II., Anson, George, Lord Anson, ii. 184. dies, i. 24I. Anti-Catholic Association, ii. 230. Anne of Brittany, wife of Louis XII. Anti-eorn law league, the, ii. 371. of France, i. 408. Antinomians, i. 545. Anne of Cleves, married to Henry Anti-Sabbatarians, i. 545. VIII., i. 338. Anti-Scripturists, i. 545. Anne of Denmark, wife of James I. Anti-Trinitarians, i. 545. of England, secretly inclined to Apostolical succession, i. 373. Rome, i. 440. . Aquinas, St. Thomas, quoted by For- Anne, wife of Prince George of Den­ tescue, i. 277, 279, 425. mark, sides with William III., ii. 77. Arabella Stuart, Lady, i. 453. Annexation of Canada to the United Ie Areopagitica," the, makes an era, States mooted, ii. 4OI. i.577. Annual Indemnity Act, the (Geo. II. Archbishop of Canterbury, represent­ st. 2, c. 23), ii. 175. ative of the papal power (temp. Anselm, his character, i. 48; his birth William I. ), i. 32. and early life, ib.o' enters the Abbey Archbishops, struggles between, 1. 86. of Bec, ib.; as theologian, ib.; as Archers, the· British, i. 216. educator, ib. ; as a spiritual director, Archery, British, i. 248. 49; visits England, ib.; is nominated Architecture, Scotch, i. 409; ecclesi­ Archbishop of Canterbury, ib.; con­ astical, 287; Gothic, giving way to secrated and enthroned, 50; offers Grecian, 279. . the king £500, ib. " endeavours to Argyle, Archibald Campbell, first curb the effeminacy of the nobles, Marquis and eighth Earl of, leader 51; prays the king for a restoration of Scottish rebellion against Charles of religion, ib.; IISks leave to go to I., i. 499, 527; defeated by Montrose, Rome, ib., 54; before the Grand 550; execution of, ii. 8; his conduct Council at Rockingham Castle, 52; defended, ib., 585. contributes £200 towards the loan to Argyle families, the, i. 410. Robert of Normandy, 54; before the Argyle, the Earl of (McCallum More), second Grand Council, 55; leaves ii.93. for Rome, ib.; is received by the Aristocracy, the (temp. William I.), pope, ib.; attends the Council of i. 28; a. guardian of liberty, 38; in Bari, ib.; his attitude towards Will­ the baronial" army of God," char­ iam during his exile, 56; retires to acter of, 131; (temp. George I.), Lyons, ib. ; recalled by Henry I., 58 ; ii.16I. sides with Henry against Robert, 61; Aristotle, quoted by Fortescue, i. 277. refuses to do homage to Henry, 61, Arkwright, Sir Richal'd, ii. 255. 62; his quarrel with Henry referred Arlingt.on, Henry Bennett, I..ord, mem- to the pope, 62; then to the great ber of the cabal, ii. 27, 30. council, 63; again to the pope, ib.o' Armada, the, i. 377; sails, 386; im- INDEX 435

portance of its defeat, 390; its defeat Ascham, Anthony, assassinated, I. 578. and flight, ib.; share taken by the Ashburnham, John, i. 564. Dutch allies, ib.; a convoy for Ashley-Cooper, Anthony. See Shaftes- Parma's army, ib., 415. bury, Earl of. Arminianism, i. 428 et 8q.; the Com­ Aspern, campaign of, ii. 309 mons denounce, 482, 500. Assaye, battle of, ii. 421. Armorial bearings, i. 29. Assemblies, local, i. 175. Army of God and Holy Church, i. Assembly of divines (at Westminster) 131 et 8q. frame a presbyterian ecclesiastical Army, standing, absence of, under the polity, i. 543; and a confession of Tndors, i. 200, 297; reason of this, faith, 543, 544. 297, 306; introduced, 356. Assiento, the, ii. 150. Army, the, in Saxon times, i. 10; the Assize or edict of arms, 1. 78; enforced Norman, how levied, 2.'i; composi­ by Edward I., 176. tion of (temp. Edward III.), 217, 218; Assize of battle. See Wager of Bat~le. command of, restored to the king Assize of Clarendon, i. 81, 82. (Charles II.) (13 Car. II. st. 1, c. Association for economical reform, 6), ii. 10, 11. the, ii. 227 et sq. Army, the parliamentary (temp. Associated Eastern counties. See Charles I.J, remodelled, i. 550. See Eastern Counties' Association. also New Model, the. ' Astley, Sir Jacob, I. 552, 553. Arnold, Beuedict, ii. 216. Asylum, right of, restricted (3 Hen. Arnold, Matthew, i. 314- VII. c. 5, etc.), i. 286. Arran, James Hamilton, second Earl Atheling, Edgar. See Edgar Athelillg. of, and Duke of Chiltelherault, i. 415. Athelstall, i. 12. Arran, James Hamilton, third Earl of, Attainder, I. 338, 339, 356; act of (7 i.415. and 8 Gul. III. c. 3), il. 12.'i. Arran, James Stewart, Earl of, II. 434. Atterbury, Francis, Bishop of Roches­ Array, feudal, of barons, I. 176. ter, il. 166, 167. Art, ecclesiastical, at its height, i. 230; Audley, James, Lord, I. 283. transition in, 279. Audley, Thomas, Baron Audley of Artevelde, Jacob van, I. 218, 219. Walden, lord chancellor, i. 304, 321, Arthur, King, i. 190; his crown, 191, 324. . 19'.1. Augustan Age of Anne, its character- Arthur, Prince, son of Henry VII., I. istics, ii. 128. 289,318. Augustine, St., converts Ethelbert, i. 6. Arthur, son of Geoffrey, i. 118. Aurungzeb, ii. 233. Articles, the thirty-nine, framed, I. Austerlitz, battle of, ii. 304. 346; protestant in doctrine, 343, 371 ; Australia, colonization of, ii. 222. Charles I.'s manifesto on, 482. Australasia, ii. 406. Artillery, adds to the power of the Aviguon, return of the papacy from, crown (temp. Richard II.), I. 248; i. 219, 231, 312; adverse to aristocracy, 259; comes Aylesbury election case, the, ii. 130, into use, 280; decides the day at 131. ' Blackheath (1497),283; in the hands Aylmer, John, Bishop of London, I. of the crown, 297, 306. 397, 399. Arundel, Richard Fitz-Alan, Earl of, I. 241. B Arundel, Thomas, Archbishop of Can­ Babington conspiracy, I. 442. terburY:; I. 241, 244, 248, 249. Bacon, Francis, i. 281, 285, 287, 383, Arundel, Thomas Howard, second 401,402,409,417; his ideal of mon­ Earl of, i. 473, 479 •. archy, i. 432; his large plans, 435; 436 INDEX

his greatness and his weakness, ib., vance to Brackley, 131; appear be­ 436, 456; his eminence, 459; his fall, fore Northampton, i. 132; occupy ib. London, ib ... the greater, 136; the Bacon, Roger. i. 37. lesser, 136; made leaders of the Bacon, Sir Nicholas, i. 369. Whole people by the great charter, Badby, Thomas, i. 253. 139; garrison Rochester castle, 140; Bagot, Sir Charles, governor of Can­ turn for aid to France, 142; protest ada, ii. 398. against Henry IlL's abuses, 157; Bagot, Sir William, minister of Rich- their quarrel with Henry IIL, 158, ard II., i. 239. 159; the greater, how summoned to Balance of power, i. 307. parliament, 172; the lesser, how Baldwin, Robert, ii. 393. summoned to parliament, i. ib ... of Balfour, James, of Burleigh, slays the exchequer, significance of the Archbishop Sharp, ii. 24. title, 183; the Scotch, rise against Baliol, Edward, i. 211. Baliol, 196; invade Cumberland, ib ... Baliol, John de, king of Scotland, i. give place to groups of magnates, 193, 195, 196. 203,~; feudal, supplanted (temp. Ball, John, i. 235. Henry VIII.), 334. Ballads, the Robin Hood, t 135; pa­ Barons' war. See under Barons; also triotic, 219. under Henry ill; also under Mont­ Bancroft, Richard, Archbishop of Can­ fort, Simon de. terbury, i. 428. Barrow, Henry, i. 396. Bangorian controversy, ii. 176. Barry, Thomas, i. 311. Bank of England, statute originating Bartholomew, convent of St., i. 153. the (5 and 6 Gn!. and Mar. c. 20), ii. Basinghouse, stands three sieges, i. 117. 638. ~ B~nk.ruptcy law (temp. Henry vm.), Bastwick, John, is set free, i. 514. 1.336. Bastwick, Robert, is indicted, i. 503. Bannockburn, battle of, i. 202, 206. Bate, George, doctor, i. 612. Bannow Bay, i. 102. Bate, John, i. 446, 483, 484. Baptists, first assert ilie principle of Bath, Earl of. See Pulteney. liberty of conscience, i. 54a; the Battlements, i. 280. . English, at Amsterdam, ib. Baiter, Richard, quoted. i. 611 . Bar, birth of a professional, i.182, 183. Bayonet, its influence at Killiecran- Bards, Welsh, i. 191, 192. kie, ii. 94; improvements in, ib. Barbarossa (Frederick I.), i. 86. Beachy Head, naval defeat at, Ii. 119. Bardi, the, i. 222. Beaton, David, Cardinal, i. 412. Barham Down, i. 127, 162. Beatrice, wife of Philip Mary, Duke of Barillon, -, ii. 37. Milan. i. 325. Barnet, i. 268. Beaufort, Henry, Cardinal, i. 264. Baron, meaning of the word, i. 29. Beauforts, ilie (see also Somerset), i. Baronetcy, order of, instituted, i. 443. 21'15. Barons, the, power of (temp. William Becket, Thomas ll., a champion of I.), i. 29; rise against William II., chnrch privilege, i. 87; his biog­ 43; revolt of the, against Henry I., raphies, 87; his parentage, ib.; edu­ 60; consph'e against Henry II., 103; cation, ib ... advancement, ib ... sent rebel against King John, 130; the to Rome, ib.; takes deacon's maces, cause of quarrel, ib ... refuse to fol­ ib ... invested with archdeaconcy of low John to France, ib ... Langton Canterbury, etc., 87; made chan­ sides with them, ib ... gather at St. cellor, ib... his style of living, 88; Edmundsbury, ib ... their demands, am bassador to Paris, ib ... taxes the ib... appeal to the pope, 130; ad- clergy, ib ... made Archbishop of IXDEX 487

Canterbury, ib.; the change In his Berkeley, Sir John, i. 664. life and aims, 89; comes into colli­ Berkeley, Sir Robert, arrested, i. 514. sion with the king, ib.; an open Bermingham, Sir John, defeats Ed- rnpture ensnes, 90; refuses to seal ward Bruce, i. 203. the constitutions of Clarendon, 92; Bernard, St., i. 110. attends the council at Northampton, Berwick, storming of, i. 196; parlia­ 93; his threatening demeanour there, ment meets at, ib.; annexed by Ed­ ib.; leaves England for France, 94; ward Ill., i. 211, 267. surrenders his archbishopric to, and Bible, translation of, i. 232, 233; pro­ receives it from, the pope, ib.; sig­ scribed, 314; allowed to be read in nificance of his ecclesiastical princi­ English (temp. Henry Ill.), 337; its ples, ib.; curses his enemies at use restricted (34 Hen. VIII. c. Vezelay,95; his miracles, 95, 98; is 1), ib.; translation of, authorized restored to his see, 96; returus to (temp. Henry VIIL), 339; its au­ England, ib.; excommunicates the thority, ib.; the sheet anchor of Archbishop of York and others, ib. ; reformation, ib.; an appeal to rea­ Btirs np the people, ib.; preaches a son, 349; withstood the Marian minatory sermon, ib.; is slain by storm, 362; puritanism its out­ four of Henry's knigbts, 'i!T; his growth, 393; anthorized version of character, ib.; his cause, ib.; the James I., 438; as viewed by the effects of his death on Europe, ib.; Puritan, 497, 498. on his own fame, ll8; his shrine, ib. ; Biddle, John, the Socinian, i. 610. the esteem in which he was held, Bigod, Roger, Earl of Norfolk, op­ ib.; its lapse at the reformation, poses the king, i. 186. ib.; its resuscitation in the nine­ Bill of right, i. 133. teenth century, ib.; his biography, Bill of rights, the (1 Gul. and Mar. st. ib., 244, 247, 286, 313. 2, c. 2), its assertions and provisions, Bed-cllam ber plot, ii. 382. ii. 81, 82; its e:lfect on monarchy, Bede, the Venerable, i. 7,22. 85. Bedford, opens its gatss to the barons Birth, little regard for (temp. Edward (temp. John), i. 132. I.), i. 173, 174. Bedford, Fraucis Russell, fourth Earl Bishops, the, in Saxon times, i. 10; of, i. 479, 512, 520, 521. cease to sit with the sheriff in the Bedford, John, Duke of (regent of shire court, 31; appointed by the France), i. 200, 201, 261. Norman kings under the form of Bedford, John RD8Sell, fourth Duke of, election, 32; reason of their sitting ii. 200, 201. in ·parliament, 174; made to take Bedloe, William, his infamy and its out official patents (temp. Edward consequences, ii. 41. VI.), 345; appointment of (temp. Begums of Oude, the, ii. 416. Elizabeth), 373; withdraw from the BeUesme, Robert de, i. 60. House of Lords (temp. Charles I.) Belhaven. Lord, ii. 137. (16 Car. I. c. 27), 528. Benefit of clergy lingered long (abol­ Bishops' war, the, i. 4!15. ished, 7 and 8 Geo. IV. c. 26, and 4 Black death, I. 226, 231, 233. and 1\ Vir.t. c. 22), I. 344. Blackheath, Cornish miners defeated Benevolences condemned by Richard at, i. 283. m. (1 Rich. m. c. 2), i. 374. Blacklow Hill, i. 206. Bentham, Jeremy, ii. 318. Blackstone, Sir William, i. 181. Bentinck, Lord William Cavendish, ii. Blake, Robert, i. 593. 424 ••~ Blanche (daughter of the Duke of Lan­ Beresford, Johu, ii. 286. caster), first wife of John of Gaunt, Bergami, ii. 329. 1.229. 438 INDEX

Blanketeers, the, ii. 327. Boroughs, small, created by Elizabeth, Blenheim, battle of, ii. 133, 134. i. 400. Blomfield, Charles James, Bishop of Borromeo, San Carlo, Cardinal, i. 424. London, ii. 364. Boston (England), pillaged, i. 154. Blood, Thomas, Colonel, maltreats the Boston (Massachusetts), port of, Duke of Ormonde, ii. 34; attempts closed, ii. 212; massacre, ib. to carry off the regalia, ib. j his sub­ Bosworth, battle of, i. 275, 281- sequent career, ib., Bothwell, James Hepburn, fourth Earl Blood-fine. See Were-gelt. of, i. 417. Bloody assize, the, ii. 61- Bouvines, battle of, i. 129. Bocher, Joan, fate of, i. 348. Boves, Hugh de, i. 140. Bohemia, Wycliffism carried to, i. Boyd, house of, i. 405. 313; religion of, 425; rebels against Boyne, battle of, the, ii. 97. Ferdinand of Austria, 461. Bracton, Henry de, on monarchy, i. Bohun, Humphrey de, Earl of Here­ 149. ford, opposes the king, i. 186. Bradshaw, John, i. 597. 'Boleyn, Anne, i. 3(H,; marries Henry Bramhall, John, Archbishop of Ar. Vlll., 323; gives birth to Elizabeth, magh, ii. 22. ib. j arrested, 324; her trial, ib. j Braose, William de, his wife and child 340; makes a confession, 324. captured by John, i. 126. Boleyn, Mary, i. 320. Braxfield, Lord Justice, ii. 274. Boleyn, Sir Thomas, i. 302. Breakspear, Nicholas. See Adrian Bolingbroke, Henry St. John, Vis- IV., Pope. count, his character, ii. 148; his Breaute, Fawkes de, i. 143, 150, 157. "patriot king," ib., 149; collapse Brehon law, i. 100, 310. of his Jacobite plot, 152, 153 j im­ Brereton, Witliam, i. 324. peached, 165, 166; returns to Eng­ Breteuil, De, i. 57. land, ii. 183. Bribery, at elections, makes its appear- Boniface, of Savoy, made Archbishop ance, i. 400. of Canterbury, i. 153. . Bright, John, ii. 282. Boniface VIII., Pope, i. 178; his bull Bristol, i. 38, 146, 294,536, 541, 552. forbidding the clergy to pay taxes Bristol, Johu Digby, first Earl of, i. 473, to the lay power, 180; forbids Ed­ 479. ward I. to attack Scotland, 188, 326. British Columbia, ii. 402. Bonner, Edmund, Bishop of London, British North America Act (30 & 31 imprisoned, i. 344; released from Vict:c. 3), Ii. 401 et sq. prison, i. 360, 376. Brittany, i. 288. Bonvilles, the, i. 269. Broad churchmen, precursors of the, Book of Sports, James I. 's, republished, i. 499. i. 501; condemned (temp. Charles L), Brocs, the De, i. 96. 522. Broghil, Roger Boyle, Baron (first Earl Books, statute for admission of (temp. of Orrery), is warned concerning Richard III.), i. 274. Ormonde, i. 613; his administration Borderers, Scotch, i. 408. of Scotland, 625 et sq. Borgia, Cresar, i. 281. Brooke, Robert Greville, second Lord, Borgia, Roderic. See Alexander VI., i.512. Pope. Brougham and Vaux, Henry, Lord, Borgias, the, i. 270, 313, 320. his character and abilities, ii. 318, Born, Bertrand de, i. 104. 358, 359. Borough frauchise, the, Ii. 156 et sq. Brownists, i. 395, 443. Boroughs, side with the crown (temp. Bruce, Edward, fills Ireland with Richard 1.), I. 115, 116. havoc, i. 202; is defeated, 202, 203. INDEX 439

Bruce, Nigel (grandson of the Com­ Burley, Sir Simon, i. 239. petitor), i. 200, 201. Burnell, Robert, i. 181. Bruce, Robert VI. (the Competitor), Burnet, Alexauder, i. 586. Earl of Annandale, i. 193, 195, 200. Burton, Henry, i. 503, 514. Bruce, Robert VII. (son of the Com­ Bussy, Sir John, i. 239. petitor), i. 200. Bute, John Stuart, third Earl of, be­ Bruce, Rohert de, VIII. (son of Robert comes head of the government, ii. de Bruce VII., Earl of Carrick, and 198; declares war on Spain, 199; re­ grandson of Robert de Bruce VI. = signs, 200. the'Competitor), i. 200, 202. Butler, Samuel, "Hudibras," 1i. 2. Brunanburg, battle of, i. 12. Byng, Admiral, Ilxecuted, ii. 190. Bruno, Giordano, i. 35, 377. Byron, Lord, ii. 318. Bucer, Martin, invited to England, i. 345. Buch, Captal de, i. 220. C Buck, Walter, i. 140. Cabal, the, ii. 27. Buckingham, Edward Stafford, Duke Cabinet, the, foreshadowings of, i. of, i. 304, 306. 151, 250; replaces the council, i. 342. Buckingham, George Villiers, first Cabinet system, the, ii. 27, 171. Duke ot, i. 434; George Villiers, Cabots, the, i. 294. second Duke of, i. 452, 465, 469, 471, Cabnl, expedition to, ii. 426. 473, 479, 4~1. Cadll's, Jack, rebellion, i. 266; its poli- Buckingham, Henry Stafford, Duke of, tical character, ib.; is crnshed,276. i.275. Cadiz, i. 472. Buenos Ayres, expedition to, ii. 306. Credmon, i. 22. Buller, Charles, ii. 395. Cresar's depicture of the Celtic race, i. Buller, Sir John Yarde, Ii. 382. 5. Bunyan, John, imprisonment of, i1.19. Caister Castle, i. 262, 263. Burgesses. See Burghers. Calais, Edward III. besieges, i. 212; Burgh, Hubert de, i. 144, 150, 152. won and retained by the English Burgher aristocracy, i. 292. (temp. Edward ill.), i. 221,262,291; Burghers, first summoned to parlia­ lost by England, i. 366. ment, i. 162; sit in parliament, 170; Calonne, Charles-Alexandre de, il. importance of, as representatives in 260. parliament, 171; how elected, 192, Calveley, Sir Hugh, i. 218, 220. 298. Calvin, Jean, i. 232, 313; his thorough­ Burghley, William Cecil, Lord, i. 368, going doctrine, 345; burns Servetus, 396,399. 348,394. Burgoyne, John, Geheral, ii. Calvinists and Calvinism, i. 426, 428 Bnrgundy, John Bans peur, Duke of, et sq., 462, 500. assassination of, i. 260; Philip the Camarilla, i. 274. Good, Duke of, i. 262. Campeggio, Lorenzo, papal legate, i. Burke, Edmund, bis definition of party, 321. ii. 106, 209 et sq.; his "Thoughts Camperdown, battle of, ii. 287. on the Present Discontents," 226; Canada, conquered by Pitt, ii. 194, proposes economical reform, 228 ; his 206; retention of, by England, 220; capabilities and limitations, 238; his history of, 385 et sq.; Pitt's Act, set­ conduct of the impeachment of Hast­ tling, 387; war of 1812, 388; rebel­ ings, 250 et sq.; his" Reflections on lion of 1837, 389 et sq. the Frllnch Revolution," 262 et sq., Canadian Pacific railway, ii. 402. 416,417,418. Canning, George, ii. 281,_302, 306; his Burke, John, 1. 311. character, 316, 317; takes Castle- 440 INDEX

reagh's place, 323, 328, 329, 3aO, 331, Caterage, i. 71. 34l. Cateran, statute for the suppression Canning, Charles John, Earl and Vis­ of,I.410. connt, governor-general of India, il. Cathedrals, building of, i. 145; form 429. of, makes for high church party, Cannon introduced (temp. Edward 428. m.), I. 217, 248. Catherine of Aragon, wife of Prince Cannynge, i. 280. Arthur, and of Henry VIII., i. 289; Cannynges, the, I. 29l. the question of her divorce from Canon law, development of, i. 86. Henry vm., 318, 319; her noble Cantelupe, Thomas de, Bishop of cond uct, 319. Hereford, i. 160, 179, 180. Catherine of Rnssia, ii. 261. Cantelupe, Walter de, Bishop of Catholic emancipation, 'germs of the Worcester, i. 156, 160. struggle for, i. 375; (Ireland), ii. Canute, a Christian ruler, i. 13; makes 297 et sq., 329, 330, a35 e/ sq. a pilgrimage to Rome, ib.; divides Catholic league, I. 382, 424, 462. the country into earldoms, i. 13, 14. Catholics (pe_ers) , disabled from sitting Capel, Arthur, Lord Capel of Haddam, in the House of Lords (30 Car. II. is banished, then condemned to stat. 2, c. I), ii. 36; suspected of death, I. 566. plots (temp. Charles II.},40. Capel, Sir Henry, Lord Capel of Catholicism (temp. Henry vm.), i. Tewkesbury, ii. 36. 317; (temp. James I. et 8q.), i. 440 Carbisdale, battIe of, i. 585. et sq.; usually allied with despotism, Carew, Sir Peter, rebelliou of, i. 359. 427; a rival to disunited protestant­ Carileph, William. See William Cari- ism, 502, 503; a reaction towards, leph. ib.; the .eligion of kings, ii, 25. Carlisle, restored and fortified by Cavalier, the, his religion and char­ William II., I. 44. acter, i. 496, 497; the name comes Carmarthen, Thomas Osborne, Earl of into use, 528, 536; his morality, 539. Danby and Marquis of. See Danby; Cavalry, mailed, decline of, i. 259. Caroline, wife of George IV., i. a38. Cavendish, Sir William, i. 322. Oaroline, the, ii. 395. Cavendisb, Thomas, i. 382. Carrickfergus, massacre by the Scotch Ca'Vendishes, the, origin and politics of, garrison of, i. 579. i.334. Carteret, John, Earl of Granville, ii. Caxton, introduces printing into Eng­ 186,187. land, I. 279. Carthagena, the attack on, ii. 184. Cecil, Robert. See SaliSbury, Earl of. Cartwright, Thomas, Bishop of Ches­ Cecils, the, origin and politics of, i. ter, il. 65. 334. Cartwright, Thomas, I. M4, 432. Celibacy of the clergy in Saxon times, Carucage, replaces danegelt, i. 84, 115, i. 18; enjoined after the Conquest, 226. 32; Anselm tries to enforce, 66; en­ Cashel, Archbishop of, i. 420. forcement of, withdrawn by act of Castile, princes of, i. 123. parliament (2 and 3 Edw. VI. c. 21), Castles, multiplicity of (temp. Ste­ 343; abolished (temp. Edward VI.), phen), i. 73; losing their strength 346. of defence, 151; gi ve way to the Celts, the, i. 5, 100, 101, 189, 190, 193, mansion, 280. 311,410; ii.22. Castlereagh, Robert Stewart, second Cerdic, line of, i. 14. Marquis of Londondel'ry and vis­ Chalice.s, discarded, i. 346. count, ii. ,285, 306; his character, Chalons, Count of, I. 168: 315; dies, 323. Chambers, Richard, i,484. INDEX 441

Cbancel rail, morally removed, i: 346. England, 589; is defeated at Worces­ Cbancellor, the, cbief minister (temp. ter, ib.; escapes to the continent, Edward I.), i.l83, 184. ib.; is recalled, 646; his journey Chancery, court of, claims decision of from Dover to London, ib.; his res­ disputed returns, i. 44Ii; ii. 369,370. toration, ii. 3; suited his epocb, ib. ; Cbandos clause, the, ii. 350, 356. his character. ib.; his notion of Cbandos, Sir Jobn, I. 218, 220. kingsbip, ib.; compared with his Cbannel, the. See English Channel. brother James, 3, 4; bis revenue, Charles-Emmanuel IL, Duke of Savoy. 11 j at heart a papist, 2.';; his secret See Savoy. league with Louis XIV., 31; closes Charles I., of England, I. 106, 251, 455; the excbequer, 33, M; his last par­ goes to Spain (wben prince), 465; liament, 46; forfeits civic charters, compared with Louis XVI., 468; his 49; his death, 64; bis character, ib. character, ib., 469; his ideas of Charles V., Emperor, i. 307,308,320, monarcby, 469; his motto, ib.; his 321, 322, 331, 364. weakueSR, ib.; called to tbe throne, Charles V., of France, i. 221. ib.; his forced loans, 4.71; his war Charles VIII., of France, i. 288. against Spain, ib., 472; his political Charles V., of Spain, i. 172. struggle with parliament, 472 et 8q. ; Charles Martel, i. 107. his religion, 473, 474; levies tonnage Cbarles Lewis, Elector Palatine, i. 559. and poundage, 478; consents to the Charlotte, Princess (daughter of petition of right, 479,480; revolts to George IV.), ii. 329. sbip-money,492; attempts to coerce Cbarter, Henry I.'s, provisions of, i. the Scotch covenanters, 506 et sq.; 57,58. assents to the sweeping reforms Charter, the Great, i. 133; its pro­ of the long parliament, 515; signs visions, 1M et sq.; its political Strafford's death-warrant,521; goes clauses, 135, 136, 138; how it was to to Scotlalld, 524; attempts to arrest be upbeld, 139; republisbed by Pem­ the 1Ive members, 528, 529; leaves broke, 149, 305. Wbitehall, 529; his 1Inal rupture Charter House, monks of the, put to with parliament, ib.; calls a parlia­ death, i. 330. ment at Oxford, 5M; sets up his Chartism, ii. 352. standard at Nottingham, 540; sends Chatham, William Pitt, Earl of. See commissioners to meet presbyterians Pitt, William .. at Uxbridge, 649; his army sacks Chaucer, Geoffrey, i. 211, 219, 230. Leicester, 551; his letters captured Chertsey, i. 268. and published, 551, 552; is given up Chester, Hugh Lupus, Earl of, See by the Scotch, 553; his journey from Lupus, Hugh. Newcastle to Holmby, 557, 558; 1Irst Chester, Randulph de Blundevill, Earl negotiations with parliament, 558; of, heads the opposition to the king, in the hands of the indepeudents, i.157. 562 j sent to Hampton Court, 564; Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stanhope, rues to the Isle of Wight, ib.; com­ fourth Earl of, ii. 182, 224. municates witb the Duke of Hamil­ Cheyt Sing, ii. 416. ton, 1i65; is taken from Carisbrooke Cbichele, Henry, Archbishop of Can- to Hurst Castle, thence to London, terbury, i. 257. 568; his trial, 568 at 8q.; the mo­ Chichester,Sir Arthur, i. 420, tive and cbaracter of those who tried Chief, the Saxon, i. 9. him, 568. Chiefs, tribal, of Ireland, their charac­ Charles II., of England (as prince), i. ter, i. 419. 659; is invited to Scotland, 585; ac­ Child, Sir Josiah, ii. 414. companies l.e!lie in his invasion of Chillingworth, William, i. 499. 442 INDEX

Chinon, castle of, i. 104. and privileges, 218; thrive under Chivalry, i. 29; height of, 145; died Henry IlL, 146; side with De Mont. with the Templars, i. 211 ; character fort, 160, WI, 2H9, 2!l1. . of, in tile reign of Edward III., ib., CirculY1specte agatis, statute of, i. 179. 2l!O, ~81 et 8q. Cistercian order comes to England, i. Christendom, disintegration of, i. 323. 67. Christian IV., king of Denmark, de­ Cities. See also Towns. feated by Tilly, i. 495. Cities, growth of, under Henry II., i. Christianity, Britons converted to, i. 84; liberties of, secured by tbe Great 4; unifying influence of, 6; spreads Charter, 134, 135; modern, 291; ad­ over the Heptarchy, ib.; its influ­ ministration of, ii. 361. ence on early England, 7; the raUy­ Citizen, the duties of (temp. Henry ing cry against the Danes, i. 11. VU.), i. 291. Christ's Hospital, founded, i. 3-19. Civil war, the (1642-1649), its prevail­ Chronicles, give place to histories, i. ing character religious, i. 495; char-­ 281. acteristics of the contestants, ib.; Chnrch, the, in Saxon times, i. 10, 11 ; how waged, 532; political map of character of, 18 (temp. William I.), England, in time of, 5, 35; division 34" et sq.; abuses in, 36, 37; a of classes in, 536; the opposing guardian of liberty, 38; an organ of armies compared, 537 et sq.; turn­ moral restraint, 41; nnder William ing point in, 541, 542; weariness of, II., 47; nnder Stephen, 75 (temp. 554; compared with the French Henry II.), 85 ; salutary inflnence of, Revolution, 566; compared with the (temp. John), 120; occupies the first American Revolntion, 599. place in the Great Charter, 134; cor­ Clans, Irish. See nnder Celts. ruption of (temp. Henry III.), 145; Clare, Joha Fitzgibbon, Earl of, ii. 285. nationalization of (temp. Edward I.), Clare, Richard de, Earl of Pembroke, 177; decadence of (temp. Richard i. 101, 163, 164. • II.), 230; its exactions (temp. Henry Clare, Richard de, eighth Earl of V.), 257; its power (temp. Henry Clare, sixth Earl of Hertford, VII.), 287; its influence impaired by seventh Earl of Gloucester. See litigation, 290; its corruption and Gloncester, Earl of. abuses as causes leading to the Re­ CIltTence, George, Duke of, pnt to formation, 312et 8q.; attachment of death, i. 212. the mass of the people to (temp. Clarence, Lionel, Dnke of, i. 266, 309. Henry VII!.), 314; its character Clarendon, constitutions of, provisions (temp. Heury VIII.), 340, 341; of, i. 90, 91. stamped as a state establishment, Clarendon, Edward Hyde, Earl of, i. 374; temp. Charles II., ii. 15 et sq.; 491, 492, 510, 520; Charles II.'s chief its condition (temp. the Restora­ minister, ii. 4; his history, ib . .- his tion), ii. 21; its political tendencies, ecclesiastical policy, 13 et 8q.; the 60; (temp. William III.), 68 et sq . .­ marriage of his daughter, 25; op­ (temp. Anne), 151; (temp. George poses the declaration of indnlgence, I.), 161 et sq. 25 et sq.; his fall, ib. Church, the Irish, i. 99 et sq., 310, 419 Classical education, approach of, i. 230. et sq.; secularization of the funds Classics, the Greek and Roman, i. 279. of, ii. 3f>i. Clement III., Pope, i. 41. " Church, the Scottish, i. 409, 411 et sq. Clement V., Pope, lays Flanders under Chure.hes, building of, i. 145,287. an interdict, i. 219. Cicero, i. 279. Clement VII., Pope, and the divorce Cifford, John, Lord, i. 269. of Catherine of Aragon, i. 318; Henry Cinque ports, the, i. 111; their duties VIII. breaks away vom, 327. INDEX 443

Clergy, how represented in parliament Coke, Sir John, leader for the crown (temp. Edward I.), i.174; preferred in the Commons, i. 473, 479. for high offices, 175; claim to be be­ Colboroe, Sir John, ii. 393. yond the domain of secular govern­ Cole, Sir W., i. 579. ment (temp. Edward I.), 180; be­ Coleman, Edward, ii. 40. coming worldly (temp. Ricbard 111.), Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, ii. 272. 230; lose their hold on the people Colet, John, i. 314. (temp. Richard 11.), 234, 235; crimi­ Collar, order of the, i. 211. nal immunities of (temp. Henry College, Stephen, ii. 47. IV.), 247; restriction of impunity of Colleges, foundation of, i. 279; Ox. (temp. Henry VII.), 286; hated by ford, sequestrated, i. 335. inhabitants of cities (temp. Henry Cologne, merchants of, i. 84. V11I.), 316; corruption of (temp. Colonies, government of, by the com­ Henry V11I.), ib.; permitted to monwealth, i. 591; the American, marry (temp. Edward VI.), 346; lose their origin and character, ii. 203 their power and influence (temp. et sq.; commercial restrictions in, Edward VI.), 347; the inferior con­ 204, 205; taxation of, 206 et sq.; form (temp. Elizabeth), 375; char­ revolt of, 213 etsq.; are freed, 220; acter of (temp. George I.), ii. 163, the self-governing, 385 et sq., 100 (temp. William IV.), 362 et sq. et sq. . Clergy reserves, the, ii. 392 et sq.; Colony, meaning of the word, ii. 385. act respecting (3 and 4 Viet. c. 79), Columbns, Christopher, i. 280. 399. Combat, the judicial, i. 82. Clerical encroachments thwarted by Commendation, practice of, i. 15. statutes (temp. Edward I.), i. 179. Commerce (temp. Henry II.), i. 84; Clerical immunity, i. 316. awakening of, 146'; fostered by Ed· Clerical privilege, i. 86,90, 92, 97. ward I., 182; extension of, under Clifford, Sir Thomas, a member of the Edward III., 224; activity of (temp. Cabal, ii. 27, 29. Henry VII.), i. 280, 292. Clinton, Sir Henry, General, ii. 217. Commercial interests, growth of Clive, Robert, ii. 233 st 8q., 249, 413, (temp. Edward I.), i. 182. 414, 415, 421. Commissioners, royal, sent over the Clonmacnoise, i. 101. realm (temp. Henry I.), i. 69; trans­ Cloth, England exports, i. 292. formed by Henry 11. into jnstices in Coal in Great Britain, i. 2; taxed, to eyre, 80. build churches in London (9 Ann. c. Commissions of array, sent by Charles 17), ii. 151. I., i. 539. Coalition of Fox and North, ii. 231, Committee of both kingdoms, i. 574. 232. Committee of safety, i. 574. Coats of arms, i. 174- Common law, i. 183,296,457. Cobbett, William, ii. 318. Commons, house of, creation of, i.173; Cobham, Lord. See OIdcastle, Sir gains authority (temp. Edward II.), John. 209; representation in, 225, 226, 250 ; Cochrane, Thomas, tenth Earl of Dun­ its right to originate money biJIs, donald, ii. 325. 276; not democratic (temp. Richard Coffee and coffee-honses, introduction III.), 278; its character under the of, ii.12. Tudors, 298; its character (temp. Coin, debasement of. See Currency. Elizabeth), 392, 397 et sq., 401; a Coinage (temp. Henry II.), i. 84; re­ seat in an object of ambition, 400; form of (ump. Elizabeth), 375. its struggle with the crown (temp. Coke, Sir Edward, i.181, 227, 452, 454, Elizabeth), 430et sq.; (temp. James 456,457. I.), 445 et sq.; its nsurpation of j u· 444 INm;x

risdiction, 461 et 8g., 464; (temp. crown on William and Mary, ii. CharlesI.),472et8g.; its petition of 78,19, SO. right,479; temper of (temp. Anne), Convocation, the clerical, origin of, i. 483. 174; brought under royal control, Common pleas, court of, 1. 131. 327; subserviency of (temp. Henry Common Prayer, book of, 1. 343; Ed­ VIII.), 327, 328; declares Henry ward VI.'s supplants the breviary, VIII.'s marriage with Aline of 311; its abolition demanded, 523. Cleves void, 338; its doctrine of Common recovery, process of, i. 281. monarchy (temp. James I.), 438, Commonwealth, the, the first national 439; loses its power, 347; protests republic, i. 573; how regarded by against the religious revolution European governments, 592, 593; (temp. Elizabeth), 374, 482; up­ the virtues of its rulers, 595. holds divine right, 508; practically Commune, French, 1. 233. suppressed (1641), 522; ceases to Communion cup given to the laity, i. exercise political authority, ii. 21; 346. p,'actically ceases to exist, 176. Comprehension, ii. 14, 86. Cony, protests against customs du- Compton, Sir Spencer (created Lord ties, 1. 611. Wilmington), ii. 186. Coote, Eyre, i1. 413, 421. Compton, Henry, Bishopof London, ii. Copyhold, 1. 295. 11. Copyright, i. 237, 291. Compurgation, 1. 10, ~. Corn laws, the, ii. 311. Comyn, John, Earl of Badenoch, i. 193, Cornwall, Richard, Earl of. king of the 199,200. Romans (second solt'of King John), Conan, the rebel of Rouen, i. 59. i.157. Concubinage, common, i. 85. Cornwallj,s, Charles, first Marquis and Condottieri, i. 2SO. second Earl, surrenders at York­ Confederation of Canada, ii. 401 et .g. town, ii. 219, 2'20, 290; governor­ Confiscations, the, of William I.; i. general of India, 418 et 8g.; his 21. .. permauent settlement," 419. Congregationalism, 1. 548. Corporation Act, the (13 Car. II. stat. Conn aught, great part of, confiscated' 2, c. 1), ii. 17, 322. by Strafford, i. 488; catholic land­ Oerrespouding society, ii. 272. owners transported to, 58:i. Corruption; common (temp. Edward Conquest, the Norman, 1. 16, 11,18,19, I.), i. 182; parliamentary, ii. 113; 20; its double ch@oracter, 11, 18; (temp. George III.), 245. character of, 21 et 8g... effects of, Cottington, Francis, Lord, 1. 484, 514. ib., 31 ee sq. Cotton, Sir Robert, i. 447. Constant.ine, donation of, i. 99. Council, the Great (ma,qnum concil- Constitution, the, development of, the 111m regis et regni), i. 27; a continu­ chief line along which it moved, i. ation of the witan, 30; meeting of, 30,31; the rndiments of, 31, 38; the at Clarendon, 911, 91; at Northamp­ earliest, 133; completed by the stat­ ton, 93; its composition, 136; ac­ ute de tal/agio non concedendo, quires stability, 151; its importance 181; development of, under Edward in Henry IlI.'s minority, ib.; super­ VI., 355, 356; the British, ii. 157, seded by a true parliament, 110; 196; the CanadiaL, 401 et sq. (temp. Edward I.), 176; (temp. Contarini, Gasparo, Cardinal, i. 313, Henry IV.), 251, 342, 508. 314,425. COllul'il, the privy, germs of, i. 151, Conventicles Act (35 Eliz. c. 1), i. 391, 176, 296, 306; members of, iii the 396; (16 Cal'. II. c. 4), ii. 11, 87. House of Commons, 400; enlarges Convention, the, ot 1688, settles the its jurisdiction, 491; begins to give INDEX 446

way to cabinet (temp. Charles n.), Cri;ninal law, I. 81; reform of, Ii. 330; Ii. 'no amendment of, 369. Council of Kilkenny, ita composition, Criticism, revolt against (temp. Ed- i.580. ward III.), i. 220. Council of the north abolished (16 Croker, John Wilson, ii. 345, 353. Car. I. c. 10), i. 515. Ct'ompton, Samuel, ii. 255. Council of state elected (1649), i. 574; Cromwell, Oliver, his lineage, i. 511, Its comp08ition, ib.; resolves to in­ 515; as a military commander, 546; vade Scotland, 587; makes war on his attitude towards liberty of con­ Holland, 693. science, 546; re-appointed after the Conrt of common pleas, i. 183. self-denying ordinance, 550; leads Conrt of exchequer, i. 183. the independents, 556; his religious Court of king'. bench, i. 183. patriotism, 557; his attitude tow­ Court of star chamber. See Star ards the army. ib.; his political Chamber. ideal, ib.; subdues Welsh insur­ Courtenay, Peter, Bishop of Exeter rection, 006; defeats Hamilton at and Winchester, i. 229,230. Preston, ib.; decides to -bring the Courts, character of (temp. Henry king to justice, 568; takes an vm.), i. 306; struggle between the army into Ireland, 5111; takes the ecclesiastical and lay (temp. James field against the Scotch, 584; in­ 1.),456. vades Scotland, 587; encounters Courts, ecclesiastical, I. 179, 315, 316. David Leslie-, ib.; defeats him at County court, i. 81. Dunbar, 588; defeats Leslie at County, the, i. 30. Worcester, 589; his treatment of Covenanters, ii. 24, 92. the defeated Scotch, 588, 589; Coventry, parliament meets at, I. manreuvres against Leslie's new 267. army, 589; his administration of Coventry, Sir John, ii. 36. Scotland, 591; calls for dissolu­ Cowell, John, i. 438, 439. tion of parliament, 5H6; goes to Cranfield, Lionel, Earl of Middlesex, the House and drives out its mem­ i.452. bers, ib.; supreme power in his Cranmer, Thomas, Archbishop of Can­ hands, 598; his aims, ib.; com­ terbury, i. 323, 336; guides the re­ pared with Washington, 599; is ligious revolution, 344, 348; sides master of the sitnation, 590; de­ with Lady Jane Grey, 358; at;. clared Protector, 608; his first tainted, 360; condones persecution, parliament, 1!09, 610; his advan­ 363,365. tages and obstacles, 601; caUs a Crecy, battle of, description of, I. 43 convention of Pnritan notables, 602; et 8q., 215, 216, 2'20, 233, 238, 246, his law reforms, 603; dismisses 2,59,280. Barebones Parliament, 604; re­ Cressingham, Hugh, i. 197. sorts to personal government, 610, Crests, i. 174. 611; appoints major-generals, 613; Crevant, i. 261. calls a second parliament, 61i; is Crewe, Nathaniel, third Baron Crewe offered the crown, 616 et sq.; is in­ of Stene, Bisbop of Durham, II. 65. a ugnrated as Lord Protector, 618; Crichton, house of, i. 405. dissolves parliament (1651\), 620; Crime. how repressed by Henry n., i. his speeches, 620, 621; his adminis­ 82,84; clerical, impunity of, 85; rife tration as protector, 621 et sq.; his in Ireland In sixteenth century, 310, ecclesiastical policy, 622 et 8q.; 311. . his Irish policy, 627 et sq.; his law Criminal code (temp. George I.), ii. reforms, 630 ; losters commerce, 630, l59,l60. 631; his colonial popcy. 631; his 446 INDEX

foreign policy, 632; his court and gar's death ill.; influence of, on state, 639 et sq.; his death, 641. England, 15. Cromwell, Richard, succeeds, i. 645, Danegelt, i. 25. retires, 646. Danelagb, i. 12. Cromwell, Thomas, i. 304; his early Danish dynasty, end of the, in Eng­ life and character, 326; brings about land. i. 14. a severance from the papacy, 327; Darien company, the. ii. 136. his political aim, 331; his cruelty, Darnley, Henry Stuart, Lord, i. 387, 332, 331; his fall, 338. 417. Croulle, M. de, quoted, i. 595. Dashwood, Sir Francis. Baron Ie De­ Crucifixes discarded, i. 346. spencer. chancellor of the exchequer, Crusades, the, influence of, i. 86, 87; ii. 200, 239. what they really were,l07,l45,l64, David (brother of Llewelyn) is knight­ 203,280. ed, i. 191; again revolts, til.; is Culloden, batile of, ii. 188. given up by the Welsh, ill.; is exe­ Culpepper, Sir John, i. 510. ·cuted, ill. Cumberland wrested from Scotland Davies, Sir John, attorney-general for (temp. William II.), i. 44; the Duke Ireland, quoted, i. 309, 420, 422. of, ii. 188, 328. Davison, William, 1. 369, 388. Cup, the sacramental, given to the Debates, parliamentary, contest over laity by statute (1 Edw. VI. c. 1), i. the printing of. ii. 228, 229. 343. Declaration of Independence, the Curia Regis, the, i. 27 i establishment American, i. 134; ii. 213, 214. and composition of the, 69. Declaration of Indulgence, the, ii. 68. Curia, the Roman, i. 145, 155, 315. Declaration of Rights, the, ii. 81. Currency, debasement of (temp. Henry Decretal~ the false, i. 86. VIII.), i. 335,336; debasement of, DfJ'donis conditionalibus, the statute, aggravates vagrancy, 352. 356; con­ i.177. dition of (temp. Elizabeth), 379. Defenders, ii. 284. Custom, the merging of, into law, i. Delinquents, the;· their estates se­ 82,83. questrated, i. 539; treatment of, Customs duties, i. 227. 558. Cyprus, ii. 410. Democracy, character of (temp. Ed­ ward m.), i. 219. Denain, battle of. ii. 150. D Derby, Henry Plantagenet. Earl of Dacre, Thomas Fiennes, Lord, of the (also Earl of Lancaster, Leicester, south, i. 340. and Lincoln, and Duke of Lancas­ Dalhousie, James Andrew Brown, ter), a grandee in the time of Ed­ tenth Earl, and first Marquis of, ward III., i. 218. governor-general of India, ii. 427. Derby. James Stanley, seventh Earl Daly, Sir Dominick, ii. 399. of, leads a royalist rising in Lanca- Danby, Thomas Osborne, Earl of shire, i. 589. . (afterwards Duke of Leeds), his Derby, Thomas Stanley, first Earl of, policy, ii. 34 et sq.; impeached, 36, i.275. 71; dies, 118. Dermot. calls aid of Henry II., i. 101. Danes, the, cbaracter of, i. 11; inva­ De Ruyter. See Ruyter. sion of England by the, ill.; de­ Despenser, Henry Ie, Bishop of Nor­ feated by Edmund the Elder, 12; wich, i. 237. the English kingdom passes into Despenser, Hugh Ie (baron and jus­ the hands of, 13; become Christian ticiar, killed at Evesham), i. 207. ill.; renew their attacks after Ed- Despensers, tbe, i. 206; reign in the INDEX 447

kiug's name, 'l1Y1; their political Dudley, Edmund, i. 300; executed,302. aims, ib.; execution of, 208. Dudleys, the origin and politics of, i. De Vere, Robert. See Vere, Robert 334. de. Do Guesclin, Bertrand, i. 221. Devons, the, i. 269. Duke, title of, i. 228. DevoDsbire, William Cavendish. fourth Dunbar, battle of, i. 588. Earl (and first Duke) of, ii. 70, 71. Duncan, Adam, Viscount Duncan, ii, Devonahire, William Cavendish,fourth 287. Doke of, ii. 1!l1. Dundalk, battle of, i. 203. Devoosbire, Georgiana Caveodish, Dundas, Henry, first ViSl;ount of Mel­ ducheaa of (wife of the fifth Duke), ville, ii. 249, 303, 448. canvassea in the Whig interest, ii. Dundee, Graham Claverhouse, Vis­ 237. count, raises an army in Scotland, D'Ewes, Sir Simonds, i. 398. ii.93. De Witt. See Witt. Donning, John,first Baron Ashburton, .. Dialogue on the Exchequer," the. ii. 226, 228 • See Nigel, Bishop of Ely. unois, Jean, Count of,i. 261. Digby, John. See Bristol, Earl of. Duns Scotua, John, i. 279. Diocesao system, i. 11. Dunstan, St., i. 12, 13. Diplomacy (temp. Henry vm.), i.:>J.YT; Dupleix, Marquis, ii. 233, 413. the zenith of, 383. Durham, John George, first Earl of, Directory, men of the, ii. 28. ii. 341, 389; sent as governor to Discovery, activity of (temp. Henry Canada, 395; his report, 395, 401 VII.), i.~, 294. et sq. Disestablishment, attempts at, ii. 363 Dotch war (temp. Charles n.), ii. 32 et .q. etsq. Dissenters (see also Nonconformists), E their iolloence on Englaod, ii. 17; effect of the Toleration Act on, 88; Eadmer, i. 49, 50, 64, 66. marriage of, 364. Earldoms, the great, in Saxon times, Distraint of knighthood, i. 176. i. 15; creation of, 82; the great Dobson, William, his portrait of (temp. Edward n.), 204. Charles I., i. 469. Earls, i. 29. Dodwell, Henry, ii. 89. Eastern Counties' Association, i. 546, Dominicans, founded by Innocent m., 550. i. 123, 124, 145, 157. East India Company founded (see also Donu conditionalibu., the statute, de India, British Empire in), (9 Gn!. (13 Edw. I. c. I), i. 177,288. m. c. 44), ii. 117, 232 et sq.; Pitt's Doomsday Book, i. 28. biIl (24 Geo. m. Sess. I, c. 3), 248 Dorislaua, Isaac, assassinated, i. 578. et 'q., 372. Dort, Synod of, i. 444, 476, 483. East Retford, ii. 339. Douglas, Archibald, fifth Earl of Edgar Atheling, i. 15, 20. Angus, i. 405. Edgar the Pacific, i. 12. Douglas, honse of, i. 405. Edgehill, battle of, i. 540. Donglas, WiIliam, eighth Earl of Edict of Arms. See Assize of Arms. Douglas, i. 405 • Edmund, Archbishop of Canterbury, .. Douglas's larder," i. 201. i.l56. Dover, treaty of (temp. Charles II.), Edmund, Earl of Lancaster, second ii. 31, 33. 80n of Henry III., i. 157. Drake, Sir Francis, i. 368, 382. 472. Edmond Ironside, i. 13. Drogheda, slaughter at, i. 581. Edmund the Elder, i. 12. Drury, Sir Dene, i •• 388. Edmundsbury. See St. Edmundsbury. 448 INDEX

Educatiou, becomes classical, i. 279; ib.; his character, ib.; relies on the popular, forwarded by protes­ Dispensers, 206; defeats Lancaster. tantism, 349; national (temp. 207; his end, 209. . William IV.), ii. 374, 375. Edward m., begins really to rule, i. Edward the Confessor, i. 14; his char­ 210; his capabilities, ib.; the char­ acter, ib.; political history in reign acter of his reign, ib.; invades Scot­ of,15. land, 210, 211; wins at Hallidon, Edward the Elder, i. 12. 210; annexes Berwick, 211; his Edward, Prince (afterwards Ed­ chivalry, ib., 212; invades France, ward I;, g .. v.), first comes upon the ib.; baleful intlnence of his victo­ scene, i. 159; his conduct at the ries on England, 214; on France, battle of Lewes, 161; pledges him­ ib.; makes au alliance with the de­ self to the Earl of Gloucester, 163; mocracy of Flanders, 218 ; stretches joins the last crusade, 164; pro­ the prerogative, 2'Jl; renounces his claimed king in his absence, ib. prerogati ves, 223; fosters trade, 224 ; Edward I. (see also Edward, Prince), the last years of his reigu, 227; dies, the greatest ruler of the middle age, 229. i. 165 ; as compared with others, ib. ; Edward, the Black Prince, i. 212,213, his reign an epoch, ib.; thoroughly 220; allies himself with Pedro the English, 166; powerful and re­ Cruel, 227; returns to England, ib.; spected, ib.; his appearance, ib.; supports his heir, 228, 239. his character, ib., 167; returns from Edward IV., defeats Margaret's army the crusades, 168; his poli tical aim, at Tewkesbury, i. 268; not despotic, 169; his statesmanship and pol­ 272; his ruthlessness, ib.; his arbi­ icy, 170 et 'q.; his military policy, trary taxation, ib., 270, 295. 176; restrains clerical encroach­ Edward V., proclaimed kiug, i. 272. ments, 177-180; fosters commerce, Edward VI., his precocity, i. 343; his 183; banishes the Jews, i. 185; iu· protestantism, ib. censes the feudal maguates, 186; his Edwin, Earl, i. 20. financial straits, ib.; resorts to tal­ Egbert, kiug of Wessex, i. 6. lage, ib.; evokes opposition, 186, .. Eikon Basilike," effectiveness of, i. 187; embarks for Flanders, 187; con­ 576. firms to Great Charter, with exten­ Eldon, Johu Scott, Lord, ii.277; Chau­ sions, ib.; his conquest of Wales, cellor, 298, 313, 314,329,330,332. 189, 190-192; loses his wife, "192; Eleanor, Queen (of Provence), wife of bears her corpse to London, ib.; his Henry III., i. 152, 153, 162. attempts to annex Scotland,l93 j ad­ Eleanor, Queen (of Castile), wife of judicates upon the succession to the Ed ward I., i. 166, 167, 192, 201. Scotch throne, 194, 195; subdues Election, principle of, in the succession Scotland, 196; is called away' to to the throue, set aside, i. 75; free­ France, 197; enters Scotland, 198; dom of, modified (temp. F.dward I.), defeats Wallace, ib.; is again called 172, 173, 276, 400; parliamentary, to Scotland, 199; his treatment. of disputed, referred to a judicial com­ the followers of Bruce, 200; marches mittee of the House (10 Gao. III. towards Scotland, ib.; dies, ib.; c. 16), ii. 228. compared to Richelieu, ib.; the Eleven members, the, denounced hy stability of his government, 209. the army (1647), i. 563. Edward, Prince (afterwards Ed­ Elgin, James Bruce, eighth Earl of, ward II., g. v.), i. 194. governor of Canada, ii. 398 eC 'q., Edward II., neglects Scotland, i. 202; 400, 401; quoted, 428, 429. is defeated at Bannockburn, ib.; Eliot, Sir John, i. 146, 4(;2; his char­ his weakness, 203; his appearance, acter, 476; his pplitical philosophy, INDEX 449

477; hi. speech in the impeachment mation was monarchical, i. 375; its of Buckingham, 476, 477; his" The abolition demanded, 523. Monarchy of Man," 477; impri8- Episcopate, a new, required (temp. oned,4113. Elizabeth), i. 375 et sq. Elizabeth, Queen of England (as prin- Erasmus, Desiderius, i. 313, 314, 328, cess), i. 323, 325; Seymour tries to 329,425. marry, 354; (as qlleen) , i. 367; Erastianism established, i. 347, 374. changing estimate of, ib.; her char- . Erskine, Thomas, Lord, ii. 276. acter, ib., 368; her connsellors and Escheats (temp. William II.), i. 45. favonrites, 369; declared supreme Eesex, Arthur Capel, Earl of, ii. 36,48. in Ihe church (1 Eliz. c. I), 311; is Essex, Countess of. See Howard, deposed by the pope, ib. ; her reign Frances. a political gap, :l8O; the question of Essex, Heury of, i. 82. her marriage, 3113 et sq.; her flirta- Essex, Robert Devereux, second Earl tions, 384; her favourites, ib.; her of, i. 402, 436. rivalry with ltlary, 386 st Bq., 416; Essex, Robert Devereux, third Earl her heart not in the protestant of, i.451 st sq., 538; marches from caose, 389; her parsimony, ib.; London, 542; defeated in Cornwall, negotiates with Plulip II. of Spain, 549. 391; styled overlooker of the church, EBtablis8~mentB, i. 181. 395; her recourse to, and treat- Estates tail, not forfeitable by treason, ment of, parliament, 400, 431; re- i. 288. fuses to settle the succession, 403. Ethelbert, king of Kent, converted to Elizabeth, Princess (daughter of James Christianity, i. 6. I., wife of Frederick V., elector Ethelred, i. 13. palatine), i. 400. Eucharist, how regarded (temp. Ellesmere, Thomas Egerton, Baron, i. Edward VI.), i. 3W. 457.- European system, England's relation Elpheg, i. 49. to, i. 1. Emigration (temp. Charles L), i. 501. Eustace (second son of Stephen), i. 87. Empire, the British, ii. 384 et 8q. Eustace the Monk, i. 150. Empson, Richard, i. 300; execnted, Evans, Sir George de Lacy, ii. 325. 302. Evelyn, John, on the execution of the Enclosures or commons, laws against regicides, ii. 6. . breaking into (386 Edw. VL Co 5), Evesham, battle of, i. 163,207. i. 349. Evidence, in trials, primitive views of, Encyclical, the, of 1864, i. 35, 348. i. 81, 82. Engagers, i. 589. Evreux, Bishop of, i. 41. England, no common name for, i. 1; Exchequer, organization of the, i. 69; her insular character, 2; condition funds in the, seized by Charles II., (temp. George IV.), ii. 326, 327; con- ii. 33, 34. dition of (temp. William IV.), 367 Excise bill, the, ii. 179. et sq. . Exclnsiou bill, the, ii. 43, 82. English Channel, influence of, in his- Exeter (town), besieged, i. 349. tory of England, i. I, 2,3. English langnage, supplants French, F i. 219. Englishry, presentment of, i. 21 ; Factory acts, ii. 372, 373. ceases under Henry II., 119. Fairfax, Thomas, third Viscount, Entail, guarded from alienation, i. placed at the head of the naw 177; power of breaking, 288. model, i. 551; his accomplishments, Episcopacy, retained where the refo.... ib., 556; takes Colchester, 566; ra- VOL. 11-29 450 INDEX

fuses to atteud the trial of Charles Finch, Sir John, Baron Finch of Ford­ 1.,569; puts down mutiny, 575; his wick, i. 514. leanings towards Presbyterianism, Fines, abuses of, i. 134; statute of 587; declines to command the army (4 Hen. VII. c. 24), 287, 288. for the in vasion of Scotlaud, ib.; Finnian, Count of, Prince Bishop of retires to Nuu Appleton, iQ.; results Salzburg. See Salzburg. to his retirement, ib. Firearms replace bows, i. 280. Fairfaxes, the (Ferdinando and Fish recommended for fast days (283 Thomas, second and third Viscounts Edw. VI. c. 19), i. 343. Fairfax), are overthrown at Adwal­ Fisher, John, Bishop of Rochester, i. ton Moor, i. 541, 546. 305, 329, 330. " Fair of Lincolu." i. 150. Fitzarthur, Ascelin, i. 41. Faith, catholic, decay of, i. 279. Fitzgerald, Judkin, ii. 289. Falkland, Lucius Cary, second Vis- Fitzgerald, Maurice, i. 102. count, i. 499, 510; supports the at­ Fitzgerald, Vesey, U. 335. tainder of Strafford, 520; killed, 542. Fitzherbert, Mrs., ii. 2M. False decretals. See Decretals. Fitzneale, or Fitznigel, Richard. See Familists, i. 545. Richard of Ely. Family Compact, the, ii. 391 et sq. Fitzosbert, William (surnamed Long- Famine (temp. Henry II!.), i. 155, 156; beard), i. 116, 117. (temp. Edward II.), i. 206,207. Fitzpeter, Geoffrey, i. 120. Fasting upheld by the reformers, i. Fitzstephen, Robert, i. 102. 343; why enjoiued, 346. Fitzwalter, Robert, i. 131. FastolI, Sir John, i. 262. Fitzwilliam, William Wentworth, Fawkes, Guido, i. 441. second Earl, ii. 286. Fazakerley, Nicholas, ii. 177, 178. Fitzwilliams, the, origin and politics Fealty, age of, passing away, i. 238. of, i. 334.· Federation, Canadian meaning of the Five members, the, proceedings word, ii. 602 et sq.; Australian, 405. against, i. 528. Ferdinand II., of Austria, i. 461, 462. Five Mile' Act (17 Car. II. c. 2), the, Ferdinand V., of Spain, i. 281, 284. ii.18. Ferdinand VII., of Spain, ii. 324. Flails, protestant, ii. 41. Feringdon, Hugh, Abhot of Reading, Flal!lbard, Ranulph, Bishop of Dur­ i.333. ham, justiciar of William II., i. 45; Ferozeshah, battle of, ii. 425. remodels the feudal system, ib. " his Ferrand, Count of Flanders, threatens encroachments on the church, 46, Philip of France, i. 129. 47; fills the king's treasury, 47; Feudal system, the, as it existed in sues Ansellll, 50; imprisoned by France, i. 23; as it was introduced Henry I., 58; escapes, ib.; de­ into England by William, ib.; origin bauches the English fleet, 59. of, 24; as remodelled by Flambard, Flanders, i. 293, 425. 45; (temp. William II.), 45, 46; Fleet, the, Richard I. 's, opens the his­ abuses of, 134; disappearance of, tory of the British navy, i. 111; 280; the end of, ii. 9. Edward III.'s, how raised, 218; Fiefs, i. 28, 29. (temp. Commonwealth), 578. Fiennes, Nathaniel, 1. 541. Fleet marriages stopped (26 Geo. II. Fiennes, William. See Saye and Sele, c. 33), ii. 1H2. Viscount. Fleetwood, Charles. Colonel, i. 556, Fifth-Monarchy Men, i. 545. 611. Filmer, his theory of divine right, U. Fletcher of Saltoun, ii. 137. 110. Fleury, Andre-Hereule de, ii. 174. Finance (temp, Henry II.), i. 84. Flodden, battle of, i. 308, 407, 408. INDEX 461

Floyd, Edward, i. 461, 462, 504. French-Canadians, the, ii. 390 et sq., Foliot, Gilbert, Bishop of London, 396 et sq., 400. pleads the king's cause against French language, the, use of (temp. Becket, i. 95. Henryll.),i. 7S; (temp.EdwardI.), Fontevraud, i. 144. 166. Ford, John, i. 282. Friars, degradation of, i. 231. Forde, Francis, ii. 413. Frobisher, Sir Martin, i. 368, 382. Forestallers, i. 224. Froissart, Jehan, i. 241. Forest, John, is burned, i. 363. Fronde, wars of the, i. 302. Forests and forest law, i. 6, 'J:T, 46, Fulk, Count of Anjou, i. 71. 135, 149, lS7; ii. 56. Fyrd, i. 25, 30 ; reorganized by Fortescue, Sir John, i. 'J:TS. Henry II., 78, 79, 176. Fouche, Joseph, Duke of Otranto, a product of the French Revolution, ii.28. G Four tables, the, i. 505. . Gaelic, i. 410. Fowin, Edward I.'s groom, i. 168. Gage, Thomas, General, Ii. 216. Fox, Cbarles, ii. 21S, 219, 231, 232; his Gaillard, chateau, i . ..114, 120. India bill, 234, 235; his election for Galileo Galilei, i. 35. Westminster, 237, 275 et sq., 280 et GaUowglass, i. 419. sq., 303, 305, 369. Galway, i. 310. Fox, Henry, iI. 190, 199. Gardiner, Stephen, Bishop of Winches­ Fox, Richard, Bishop, i. 300. ter, i. 337; imprisoned, 344; released, France, ravaged by Edward m., i. 214; 360. the conquest of, a mischievous dream, Garnett, Henry, implicated in gun­ 220; Edward Ill. 's war with, degen­ powder plot, i. 441. erates into raids, 221; effect of Eng­ Garter, Order of the, i. 211. lish attacks on, 262; the war in Gascony, retention of, by England, i, (temp. Henry VI.), 264; growing 197; lost, 262. strength of, under Richelieu, 426. Gatton, ii. 320. Franchise, the, outgrown, ii. 321 et sq., Gauden, John, Bishop of Worcester. i. 342 et sq.; as changed by the reform 576. bill, 349 et sq. Gaunt, Elizabeth, burnt alive, ii. 61. Francis of Assisi, i.l45, 146. Gaunt, John of. See John of Gaunt. Francis I., of France, i. 307, 331. Gaveston, Piers, i. 204; banished, i. Francis de Sales, St., i. 424. 206; absolved by the pope and re­ Franciscans, founded by Innocent III., turns, ib.; is beheaded, ib.; his i.123,l24,145; enter the.universities, merits and demerits, ib. i. 148; influence education, ib., 157. Gendarmerie, the, of London, i. 356. Franklin, Benjamin, ii. 212, 213. Gentleman, Country. See Squire. Frank-pledge, i. 10; defunct, 184. Gentry, landed, growth of, i. 392. Fratricide, common in Norman annals, Geoffrey, bastard son of Henry II., i. i.104. 105,108. Frederick II., Emperor of the Holy Geoffrey, Archdeacon of Norwich, Roman Empire, i. 155, lSI. starved to death, i. 125. Frederick V., Elector Palatine, accepts George I., ii. 1M et sq.; resistance to the Bohemian crown, i. 461, 472. his accession, 164 et sq.; clings to Frederick II. the Great, of Prussia, the Whigs, 165; leaves government and the Seven Years' War, ii. 193 to Walpole, 170. et sq. • George II., ascends the throne, Ii. 181. Freehold, fortY-tihilling, qualification, George III., ascends tbe throne, ii. i.276. 195; his education, 196; his policy, 452 INDEX

197 et sg.; coerces the colonies, 218, Golden Fleece, Order of the, i. 211. 221; his madness, 306. Gondomar, Diego Sarmiento de Acnna, George IV. (as Prince of Wales), ii. Count of, Spain's ambassador to 2.~3 et sg.; his character, 306; be­ England, i. 453. comes king, 319 .t sg. Goodman, Godfrey, Bishop of Glouces­ George, Prince, of Denmark, sides ter, i. 502. with William III., ii. 77. Goodwin, Thomas, i. 535, 544. Geraldine, Sept of, i. 312. Gordon, Lord George, and the riots, Germaine, Lord George, Viscount ii.230. Sackville, ii. 217. Goring, George. See Norwich, Earl Germany, catholicism and protestant- of. ism in, i. 313, 424, 425. Gosford, Lord, ii. 293. Gerrard, John, his plot, i. 612. Government, local, form of, under Gesitl!s, i. 9. William I., i. 30; how Henry n. dealt Ghent, besieged by Philip U. of France, with it, 82 j constitutional progress i.129. in (temp." Ricbard I.), i. 114; the Gibraltar, retained by England, ii. three branches of, nearly completed, 150, 4O!! et sg. • 183; parliamentary (temp. Ed­ Ginkell, Godart van, Earl of Athlone, ward n.),209; development of, un­ reduces Ireland, ii. 97. der Edward III., 210; condition of Giordano Bruno. See Bruno, Gior- (temp. Elizabeth), 379; responsible dano. (temp. Elizabeth), 399. Girard, i. 53. Gower, John, i. 2111. -Glanville, Ranulph de, i. 83, 106, 108. Gowrie conspiracy, i. 434. Glasgow Cathedral, i. 409, 413. Grace, act of (U act of pardon and in­ - Glaston, the Abbot of. See Whiting, demnitl "), (temp. William m.), Ricbard. (2 Gul. and Mar. c. 10), ii. 91. Glencoe, massacre of, ii. 136. Grafton, Augustus Henry Fitzroy, Glendower, Owen, i. 192,248. third Duke of, ii. 211. Gloucester, Gilbert de Clare, eighth Grafton, Richard, i; 274. Earl of, i. 160. Graham, house of, i. 405. Gloucester, Humphrey, Duke of, made Gl'aham, Sir James, ii. 355. Protector, i. 2f3.l. Gcand demons trance, the, i. 525; the Gloucester, Richard de Clare, eighth debate on, 526. Earl of Hertford and seventh Ead of Grand jury', trace of primitive mode Gloucester. sides with De Montfort, of presentment found in, i. tlO, 81. i. 15l1; falls out with him, IS!!, 163. Grandmesnil, Ivo de, i. 60, 61. Gloucester, Thomas, of Woodstock, Grattan, H8Ilry, ii. 225, 24.~, 285, 294, Earl of Buckingham, and Duke of, 295,333. i.24O. Gray, Thomas, i. 191. Gloucester (town), a royal seat, i. 26; Great Council. See Council, Great. (temp. William I.), 38 j sacked, 73, Great Tew, I. 499. 74, 536; besieged, 542. Gregory tbe Great, Pope, sends Angus- Gloucester, William, Earl of, i. 119. tine to England, i. 6. Glyn, John, i. 510, 556, 563. Gregory VII., Pope. See Hildebrand. Godfrey, Sir Edmund Berry, murder Green, Sir Henry, i. 239. of, ii. 41. Greene, Robert, i. 371. Godolphin, Sidnpy, first Earl of, sup­ Greenwood, John, i. 396. ports the exclusion bill, ii. 43, 107, Grenville, George, head of the govern­ 131. ment, ii. 200 j taxes the colonies, Godwin, Earl, i. 14. 206 et .'g., 268, 269, 423. Godwin, William, ii. 318. Grenville, Sir Beril, i. 539. INDEX 463

Grey, Artbnr, fourteentb Lord Key 357; re-enacted (temp. Mary, 1 & 2 de Wilton, i. 418. Pbil. & Mar. c. 8), i. 361; abolished Grey, Cbarles, second Earl, ii. 281; (29 Car. II. c. 9). ii. 20. ad vocates parliamentary reform, 317 Haileyburg Cullege, ii. 422. fit .q., 341 et Bq., 344. Hales, John, i. 499. Grey, Jobn de, Bisbop of Norwicb, i. Halidon, battle of, i. 210, 407. 121, 126; governs Ireland for John, Halifax, George Savile, first Marquis ib.; deatb of, 130. of, succeeds Danby, ii. 39, 43, 44. Grey, Lady Jane, i. 358, 360. Hall, Sir Mattbew, i. 181. Grey, Sir Ricbard, i. 273. Hallam, Henry, i. 287, 288, 306, 401, Grey, Walter de, Bisbop of Worcester, 402; ii. 4, 147. 1.142. Hamilton, bouse of, i. 405. Grindal, Edmund, Arcbbishop of Can- Hamilton, James Hamilton, third Mar­ terbury, i. 396, 397. quis and first Duke of, i. 506; beads Grindecobbe, i. 237. a royalist Scotch party, 565, 589. Grocyn, William, i. 314. Hammond, Robert, Colonel, i. 564. Grosseteste, Robert, Bishop of Lincoln, Hampden, Jobn, refuses to pay sbip­ i. 156, 158, 177, 315. money, i. 492; is condemned, 493, Gnalo, papal legate, i. 144, 150. 510,524; bis object in the civil war, Guesclin. See Du Guesclin. 532, 533, 541; ii. 36. Guild balls, i. 147. Hampshire, i. 27. Guilds, merchant, replaced by full Hampton conference, the, i. 437, 438. commune, i. 115, 147. Hanseatic league, formed, i. 146. Guilford, Francis North, Lord, ii. 41, Hanse, tbe, i. 292. 42. Hardinge, Henry, first Viscount, ii. Guises, the, i. 377, 386. 425. Guitmond, refuses to remain in Eng­ Hargreaves, James, ii. 255. land, i. 37. Harlaw, battIe of, i. 410. Guizot, FranQOis- Pierre - Guillaume, Harley, Robert, first Earl of Oxford, quoted, i. 621. ii.131; his cbaracter, 147, 148; dis­ Gulbert of Hugleville, returns to Nor- missed, 152; impeacbed, 165, 166. mandy, I. 37. Harold Hardrada, i. 19. • Gunpowder, i. 25!l. Harold, King, raised to the tbrone, i. GunpOWder plot, tbe, i. 441. 15; defends England against tbe Gustavus Adolpbus ll., king of Normans, 19; opposes Harold Har­ Sweden, i. 495; ii. 38. drada, ib.; conquers tbe Danes at Guthrie, James, executed, ii. 8. Stamford Bridge, ib.; confronts tbe Normans in Sussex, ib.; takes up a position on tbe hill of Senlac, ib.; H disposition of bis army, ib.; is killed HabeaB COrpUll, i. 133, 138, 296; nn­ by an arrow, 20. known in Scotland, 407; act, passed Harris, George, first Lord, ii. 421. (31 Car. n. c. 2), ii. 38; suspended Harrison, Thomas, Colonel, takes the by Pitt (34 Geo. Ill. c. 54; 35 Geo. king to London, i. 568; his execu­ Ill. c. 3; 38 Geo. Ill. c. 36; 41 tion, ii. 5. Geo. Ill. c. 26), 272. Haro, Luis de, i. 435. Habitants, tbe, ii. 389 et sq. Haselrig, Sir Artbur, i. 510, 620. Hadrian IV., Pope. See Adrian. Hastiugs, Francis Rawdon-, first M~r- Hadwisa, King John's first wife, i: quis of, governor-general of India, 119. - ii.423. . Hseretico comburentlo, the statute de Hastings, tbe battle of. See Seolac, (2 Hen. IV. c. 15, stat. 2), i. 252, 253, tbe battle of. 464 INDEX

Hastings, Warren, ii. 416; his impeach­ Henry II., his appearance, i. 76; his ment, 249 et sq., 416. activity, ib.; his disposition, lb., 77; Hastings, William, Lord, i. 273. his possessions, 77; his sovereignty, Hatton, Sir Christopher, i. 384, 389,' ib.; organizes the kingdom, 78; in­ 402. stitutes scutage, 79; his politi~al Havana, taken, ii. 199. aim, lb. et sq.; his finance, M; his Hawkins, Sir John, i. 382. attitude towards Becket, 93; under­ Hay, James, first Earl of Carlisle, his takes the conquest of Ireland, 99 et ostentation, i. 450. sq.; overthrows conspiracy, 103; Head, Sir Francis Bond, ii. 394. takes William, king of Scots, pris­ Hearth-tax, repealed {I Gnl. & Mar. oner, ib.; his sons Richard and John c. 10}, {imposed, 14 Car. II. c. 10, plot against him, 104; overpowered and 16 Car. II. c. 3}, ii. 86. by them and by the king of France, Heath, Sir Robert, i. 492. 105; dies at Chinon, ib. Heber, Reginald, Bishop of Calcntta, Henry, Prince (son of Henry II.), dies, ii.423. i.104. Henderson, Alexander, i. 506. Henry ill., crowned, i.149; his minor­ Henrietta Maria {wife of Charles I.}, ity,151; his character, 151, 152; his compared with Marie Antoinette, i. predilections and tastes, 152; wars 46lI; marries Charles I., i. 470; comes upon Gascony, 154; renews the to England, ib. ; religions difficulties Great Charter, 157; gets into the in connection with, 470, 471; her at­ pope's debt, 158; pawns his king­ tempt to overawe parliament, 520; dom, ib.; swears to tbe provisions betrays the projected arrest to five of Oxford, 158, 159; civil war openly members, 528; infnses spirit into breaks out between the king and the the war, 537; ad vises Charles from barons, 1&11; defeated at Lewes, 161 ; Paris, 549. ratifies reforms, 164; dies, ib. Henry of Essex. See E&o!ex, Henry of. Henry (son of Ricbard, Earl of Corn­ Henry I., gallops to Winchester on his wall), murdered, i. 164. father's death, i. 57; has himself Henry IV., of England (see also Lan­ elected king, ib.; pnblishes a char­ caster, Henry, Duke of), bis right to ter, ib.; recalls Anselm, 58; impris­ the crown compared with that of ons Flambard, ib; his character, 58, William III., i. 243; his coronation, 59; makes a treaty with Robert, 59, 243,244; copes with Welsh disaffec­ 60; marries Matilda, 60; his prefer­ tion, 248; his energy, 249; most con­ ence for Normans, ib.; his strnggles stitutional monarch, ib.; his char­ with the baronage, 60, 61; defeats acter, 245; his struggles with con­ Robert de Belesme, 61; his qnarrel spiracy, 245, 246; his relations with with Anselm, ib. et sq.; the question parliament, 249, 250; his cbaracter referred to the pope, 62; seizes the and government, 25..1, 254; effects of estates of the archbishopric of Can­ his policy, 254. terbnry, 65; banishes Anselm, ib.; Henry V., i. 249; his cbaracter, !!55 his choice of ministers, 68; his re­ his claim to the crown of France sort to espionage, ib.; tbe charac­ 258; attacks France, 259. ter of his rnle, ib.; his services to Henry VI., his coronation, i. 263; his commerce, 68, 69; goes to Nor­ character, ib.; murdered, 273. mandy, 70; dies of a snrfeit of lam­ Henry VII., Richard III. 's rival,l. 274; preys, 71; his absences from Eng­ his title to the crown, 281; his strug­ land, 119. gles with pretenders to the throne, Henry, Bishop of Winchester (Ste­ 232; with rpbellion in the north, 2M; phen's brother), his shifting poli~Y'1 in Cornwall, ib. " with general dis­ i. 71, 73, 74. order, ib.; his political aims, ib.; INDEX 456

his character, ib.; his diplomacy, Henry, Prince, eldest son of James I., 288 ; fosters trade, 293; his alliances, of England, i. 455. ib.; his choice of ministers, 299, 300; Henry, Prince, Duke of Gloncester, his craving for money, 300; his ex­ third son of Charles I., of Eng­ actions, ib.; becomes odious, ib.; land, too young for the throne, i. his funeral, ib.; his Irish policy, 559. 311, 312; his relations with Scot­ Heptarchy, the, i. 6. land. 411. Heralds, college of, i. 174. Henry, Prince, son of Henry VII., Heraldry, becomes a science, i. 211. afterwards Henry VIII. (q. v.), affi­ Herbert, Arthur, Earl of Torrington, anced to Catherine of Aragon, i. 289. Admiral, invites William of Orange Henry VIII., i. 289; his appearance, over, ii. 70. 301; his character, ib.; his extrava­ Herberts, the, origin and politics of, gance, 302; his popularity, ib.; his i.334. debte repndiated by act of parlia­ Hereditary system, instance of the ment (21 Hen. VIII. Co 24; 36 Hen. weakness of, I. 263. Vill. c. 12), 302, 303; his proclama­ Hereford, Henry, Duke of (afterwards tions declared to have the force of Duke of Lancaster and Henry IV., law (31 Hen. VIII. c. 8), 303; his q. v.). diplomacy, 308; his Irish policy, Heresy, statutes against, i. 252, 253. 312; receives the title of Defender Heretics, treatment of a company of, of the Faith, 317; his attitude tow­ from Germany (temp. Henry II.), i. ards Roman Catholicism, 317, 318: 98. the sole cause of his secession, 318; Hereward, defeated by William I., i. his attempts to obtain a divorce 20. from Catherine of Aragon, 318 8q. ; Hickes, George, ii. 89. marries Anne Boleyn privately, 322; High commission, court of, how falls in love with Jane Seymour, formed (temp. Elizabeth, 1 Eliz. c. 323; declared supreme head of the I, stat. 18), i. 374; composition of, church (26 Hen. Vill. c. 1),324,327; 396. 401, 491; abolished by the long marries Jane Seymour, 325; extorts parliament (16 Car. I. c. 11),515. money from the clergy in the form Highlanders of Scotland, i. 193. of penalties of Prillmunire (22 Hen. Highlands of Scotland, early condition VIII. c. 15). 326. 327; his .. Institu­ of, t 410; clan system reigns in, ib.; tion of a Christian Man," 328; his Gaelic the speech, ib.; antagonism extravagance, 336; his wavering re­ to lowlands, ib. ligious policy, 337; holds a public Hildebrand, i. 18; his designs on be­ disputation, 338; marries Anne of half of the church, ib.; the effect of Cleves. ib.; authorizes a translation his ecclesiastical designs in Ger­ of the Bible. 339; the upshot of his inany, 18, 19; abet

Hobbes, Thomas. his philosophy, ii.2; Hundred court, i. 81. his scepticism, 20. Huntly, George Gordon, second Mar­ Hobrigge, Gervase, i. 141. quis of, i. 585. Hoche, Lazlue, invades England, ii. Husbandry, the care of, i. 350, 351. 287. Huskisson, William, ii. 317; his policy, Hofer, Andreas, mnrder of, ii. 309. ii. 328, 338, 339, 371. Hobenlinden, battle of, ii. 300. Huss, John, i. 313, 425. Holland, protestantism in, i. 424; Hutchinson, John, Colonel, i. 496, 497. hegemony of, 573. . Hyde, Anne (daughter of the Earl of Hollands, the (Sir John and Sir Clarendon), marriage of, ii. 25. Thomas, half-brothers of Richard Hyde, Edward. See Clarendon, Earl II.), i. 238. of. Holies, Denzil, i. 510, 556, 563. Hyder, Ali, Ii. 420. Holy Alliance, the, ii. 309, 311, 324. Holy water, discarded, i. 346. Home role, i. 5. I Homildon, battle of, i. 248, 407. Images of saints, discarded, i. 346. Homilies, the, published, i. 346. Impeachment, i.' 2!l6; right of, as­ Hood, John, ballads, i. 135. serted by Commons, 464. Hooker, Richard, i. 399, 428. Impositions, the -Commons raise the Hooper, John, Bishop of Worcester, question of, i. 446. objects to vestments, i. 345, 364. Imprisonmeut, arbitrary, i. 437. Hothams, the, i. MO. Indemnity and Oblivion, Act of (12 .. Hotspur." See Percy, Sir Henry. Car. II. Co 11), dissatisfaction with, House-carts, i. 14. ii.13. Howard, Catherine, wife of Henry Independents, i. 544; their severl\nce Vill.,i.329. from thl Presbyterians, &17; aims Howard, John, ii. 369. of, 555. Howard, Lady Frances (afterwards India bill (see also East India Com­ Countess' of Essex, then Countess pany), (of Fox and North), ii. 417; of Somerset), i. 451 et sq., 538. (of Pitt), 418. Howard, William, third Lord Howard India, English rule in, ii. 233 fit sq., of Escrick, betrays Russell and Sid­ 411 et sq. ney, ii. 49. Indulgence, declaration of (temp. Howe, William, General, ii. 216. Charles II.), ii. 26, 30. Howell, the good, i. 190. Inglis, Sir Robert, ii. 336. Hubert, Archbishop, I. 118, 120. Innocent ill., Pope, i. ;122; his char­ .. Hudibras," i. 542 ; delights the court, acter, ib., 123; his policy, 123; lays Ii. 2. an interdict on England, 124; ex­ Hudson's Bay Company, the, ii. 402. communicates John, 125,127; annuls Huguenots, the, i. 424. 58.'i. the Great Charter, 140; suspends Hugh Lupus, Earl of Chester. See Langton, 142; dies, 144. Lupus. Inquisition, the, i. 35, 318, 424. Hugh, St., Bishop of Lincoln, i. 121, Instrument of government, the, i. 130. 605 et sq. Hull (the town), i. 536; gates of, Iutendant, king's. See Sheriff. closed against Charles I., 639, &10. IntercurSIII "'''gnus, the, i. 293. Humbert, J.-R-.M., genel'al, Ii. 287. Interdict, the (see also under Inno- Humble petition and advice, I. 617. cent Ill.), i. 124 et sq. Hume, David, i. l!ll, 612. Inventions (temp. George IV. and Hume, Joseph, ii. 362, 373. William IV.), ii. 322, 326. Hundred, the, i. 30. Iona, islet of, i. 100. INDEX 467

Ireland, Henry U. nndertakes to con- Jamaica, rising in, In 1865, I. 133; ii. quer it;i. 99; escapes Roman and 3IS1, 382, 406 et sq.; slavery in, 407; Saxon conquest, 100; obstacles to insurrection in, 409. unification of, 101; invasion of, by James I., of England (as James VI., of 8trongbow and others, ib., 102; is Scotland), i. 417 (as king of Eng- annexed by Henry II., 102; gov- land), 432 et. sq.; bred a Calvinist, erned by John de Grey, 126; . its 436; sides with the Anglican hi.... bitter fate, 309; under Henry VII., rarcby,437; his papal leanings, 440; 312; the war of races, 417 et .q.; his extravagance, 443 ; his lavishness Strafford's administration of (see towards parasites, ib.; his financial also Strafford), 4117 et .q.; catholic embarrassments, 448 et sq.; his rebellion and mas~acre of protes- court, 450, 451; his leanings towards tauts (1641), 624; internecine char- Spain, 453; his foreign policy, 460 acter of the civil war (temp. et Bq.; his restoration of Episcopacy Charles I.) in, 532, 579; Cromwell's, in Scotland, 504, 505. policy with regard to, 627; nnion of, James II.• of England (as Duke of with England (temp. Protectorate), York), i. 559; marries Anne Hyde, II. 21; James II.'s policy in, 61, 62 ; ii. 25; resigns t!:.a office of high ad- the revolntion of 16~~ in, 94 et Bq. ; miral, 31; publicly avows his Roman the racial and religious conflict in, Catbolicism, 40; attempted exclu- 98,99; condition of (temp. Anne), sion of, 42,43; marries Mary of Mo- 142, 143; neglected by Walpole. dena, 43; (as king) his character, 179 ef 'q.; condition of (temp.. 54,55; his policy, 56, 57, 62; how George III.) , 222 et Bq.; under Pitt, put into force, 63, 64; revives the 241, 242; condition of (temp. court of high commission, 65; his George III.), 283 ef sq.; united to attempts to pack parliament, 69; a Great Britain (39 and 40 George III. son born to him, 70; his change of c.67), 293; condition of, as described front on the landing of William, 75; by Cornwallis (temp. George III.), his flight, 77, 7S; was virtually d .... 290, 291; after the union, 332; con- posed, 80; lands in Ireland, 95; his dition of (temp. William IV.), 376 party, 10i; dies, 127. et sq. . James I., of Scotland, i. 406. Ireton, Henry, i. 556; draws up the James II., of Scotland, i. 406. agreement of the people, i. 574. James IV., of Scotland, i. 408. Irish brigade, the, i. 683. James VI., of Scotland, afterwards I., Ironsides. the, i. 646. of England, q. v. Isabel of Angonl@me, i. 119, 152. Jedbrugh law, i. 408. Isabella (daugbter of Charles VI. of Jefferson, Thomas, ii. 213, 324. France), second wife of Richard II., Jeffreys, George, first Baron of Wem, i. 241. judge, ii. 61, 68. Islands, tbe British, situation of, i. 1, Jena, battle of, ii. 3Oi. 2,3; dedicated to freedom, 2. Jenkins, ii. 18:3, 184. Italy, untonched by the Reformation, Jerome, of Prague, i. 313. i. 424; republics of medieval, 673. Jesuits, the, i. 377, 424, 425 (temp. James 1.),440,441; (temp. Charles II.), ii. 40, 55, 66. J Jewel, John, Bishop of London, i. 482. Jacobins, the, compared with those Jewry, the, a source of revenue, i. who tried Charles I., i. 668. 84. Jacobites, i. 334, 336; ii. 101 et Bq., 164, Jews, the, how treated by William II., 165. • i. 46; an anti-semitic movement Jacquerie, the, i. 214, 233. sweeps over Europe, lOS; their ad- 458 INDEX

diction to nsury, ib.; an object of Joyce, Cornet, carries off Cha.r1es I., religious aversion, ib.; generally i.562. . hated, 109; lived apart, ib.; sus­ Judges, itinerant, i. 137. pected of siding with the infidel, Judges, status of (temp. James 1.),1. 110; massacred, ib.; clauses relat­ 448; arbiters of the constitntion, ib.; ing to, in the Great Charter, 137; servility of (temp. Charles 1.),492; oppressed by Henry III., 154; ban­ independence of, established, Ii. 83; ished by Edward I., 185; clip the payment of, 362. coin, ib.; own land, ib.; amass Judicature, advance of, i. 137. wealth, ib.; results of their banish­ Judicia.ry, the (temp. Henry II.), i. 80; ment, ib. (temp. Edward I.), 1R1, 182; (temp. Joan of Arc, i. 261. Henry VIL) , 296; of Scotland, 407; Joan of Kent. See Bocher, Joan. James I. assails the independence John, of Bretagne, i. 199. of, 458; corruption of (temp. James John, of Crema, i. 66, 67. 1.),459. John, king of England (as prince), his Judith, niece of William I., i. 39. father's vicegerent in Ireland, i. Julins II., Pope, i. 313, 320. 102; plots against his father, 104; .. Jnnins," the letters of, Ii. 225, 226. (as kiug), his character, 118, 119; Juries, nntrustworthy (temp. Henry disloyal to his brothers, 106, 119; VII.), i. 286. marries Hadwisa, 119; marries Isa­ Jurisprudence, birth of, i. 82, 83. bella, ib.; loses Normandy, ib.; de­ Jury trial, i. 137, 296. fies the pope, 121; threa.tened with Justices in eyre, established by Henry an interdict, ib.; his free thinking II., i. 80. and impiety, 121, 122; invades Scot­ Justices of the peace, i. 184, 227. land, 125; is excommunicat.ed, ib.; Justiciar, the, i. 26; growing influence flies to Wales, 126; flies to Ireland, of, 120, 'i84. ib.; crushes the De Lacys, ib.; sub­ Jutes, migration of, i. 3. mits to the pope, 127; musters his Juxon, Willia.m, Archbishop of Can­ forces to oppose Philip, of France, terbury, i. 486. on Ba.rham Down, ib.; his abuses and exactions, 128; takes an army K to France, 129; temporizes with the Kane, Donald, i. 311. barons, 130; meets the barons at Kable, John, i. 428. Windsor, 13~; sends abroad for sup­ Ken, Thomas, Bishop of Bath and port, 140; devastates the country, Wells, Ii. 89. 141; largely desel·ted, 143; is forced Kenilworth, i. 163. northward, 144; loses his treasure, Kenyon, Lloyd, first Lord Kenyon, ib.; dies, ib.; is buried, ib. Ii. 273, 277, 280. John, of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, i. Kerne, i. 213. 213; marries Constantia., daughter Keroualle, Mme. de. See Portsmouth, of Pedro the Cruel, 228; his lineage, Duchess of. ib.; his Lancastrian claims, ib.; his Kett, Robert, rebelIion of, i. 351; is cla.im to the kingdom of Castile and hanged, 352. Loon, ib.; seizes the government, Kett, William, is ha.nged, i. 352. ib., 229; leader of the Oligarchs, Khalsa, the, Ii. 425. 239, 243, 265. Kildare, Gerald Fitzgerald, Earl of, John, of Leyden (Johann Bockelson or i. 312. Bockold), i. 351, 541;' KiIIiecra.nkie, battIe of, Ii. 93. Johnson, Samuel, his estimate of KiIIigrew, Thomas, ii. 26. Charles II., Ii. 8. Kilwardby, Robert, Archbishop of Can­ Journalism, politica.l, birth of, 1. 539. terbury, i. 178. INDEX 459

King, functions of the, in Saxon times, Gaunt), Duke of (afterwards Henry i. K; election of, in Saxon times, 9; IV.), his quarrel with the Duke of mode of coercing (temp. ,John), 13!'. Norfolk, i. 242; is banished, ib.; II King's cabinet opened, tbe/' i. 551. returns, 243; mounts the throne as Kiog-worship in England (temp. Henry IV. (q. v.), ib. Henry VIII.), i. 302. Lancaster, John of Gaunt, Duke of. King's evil, tonching for, revived See John of Gaunt. (temp. Charles II.), i. 648. Lancaster, line' of, i. 268; its adhe­ U King's friends," ii. un. rents, 269; were leaderless, 271. Kirkaldy, Sir Wiiliam, of Grange, i. Lancaster, Thomas, Earl of, grasps at 416. powers, i. 205; his party splits, 207 ; Kirke, Colonel, ii. 60, 61. is defeated, ib.; is venerated by the Kitchin, Anthony, Bishop of Lla.ndaff, people, ib. i.371i. Landed aristocracy, growth and im- Knighthood, i. 29. portance of, ii. 154 et sq. Knights, protest of, for reforms Landen, battle of, ii. 119. (temp. Henry III.), i. 15!I; four from Land tax. See Carucage. each shire snmmoned to parliament Lanfrauc, Archbishop, i. !II; his char­ (temp. Henry III.), 161, 162, 170, acter, 33; his fitness for his post, 171, 172, 298. ib.; crowns William II., 42; curbs Knolles, i. 218, 220. William II., 44. Knollys, Sir Francis, i. 369, 383. Langland, William, i. 219; his descrip­ Knox, John, i. 357,386; his character, tion of bis era, 233. 412; organizes Calvinism, ib., 506. Langside, battle of, i. 417. Krudener, Madame, ii. 311. Langton, Stephen, i. 121; goes to Pon­ tigny, 124; releases John from ex­ communication, 127; the political L movement against ,John, 128, 129; Labour, statutory legislation of (see pl'oduces a copy of Henry I. 's char­ Labourers, Statutes of), first l'egu­ ter, 130; mediates at Windsor be­ lated by parliament in 1349, 226; tween John and the barons, 133; his forced, giving way to hired, 233. influence in the framing of the Great Labourers, the (temp. William I.), i. Charter, 138; leaves Englaud, 142; 38; statntes of (23 Edw. III. stat. 2), goes to Rcme, ib.; is suspeuded, ib. ; 225,233; scarcity of, ib.; discontent, steadfastly upholds the cause of 233,234; statutes of (temp. William order, 150. IV.), ii. 373, 374. Language, the English, effect of the Lafayette, Marquis de, ii. 217. Conquest on, i. 21, 22, 23. La Hogue, victory of, ii. 119. Latimer, Hugh, Bishop of Worcester, Lake, ,John, Bishop 'of Chichester, quoted, i. 2!15, 350; driven from his ii.90. see, 338; his character t 344; con­ Lake, Sir Thomas, .i. 452. dones persecution, 363. Lally, T.-A., Count of, ii. 412. Latimer, Thomas Osborne, Viscount. La Marche (Hugh IX.), Count de, See Dan by, Earl of. i. 119, 152. Latimer, William, fourth Baron, i. 229. La Mare, Peter de, i. 229. Latitudinarians, ii. 86. Lambert, John, Henry VIII. argues Laud, William, Archbishop, i. 479; with, i. 338. his religion, 484, 485; his appear­ Lambert, John, Major-General, i. 611. ance, 485; his rise, ib.; pope of the Lambeth Articles, the, i. 345, 47H, 482. state church, 486; head of the gov­ Lambeth, treaty of, i. 150. ernment, ib.; pnts ecclesiastics into Lancaster, Henry (son of John of secular offices, ib.; the character of 460 INDEX

his government, 489, 490, 494; sets Leon, princes of, i. 123. about the suppression of Puritanism, Leopold, Duke of Anstria, captures 1iOO; extends uniformity to Scotland, Richard I., i. 112. i. 604 et 8q.; is impeached, 514; is Leopold, Prince, of Belgium, ii. 329. executed, 545. Lerme, Francis de Roxas de Sandoval, Lauderdale, John Maitland, second Duke of, i. 435. Earl. nnd first Duke of, his adminis­ Leslie, Alexander, first Earl of Leven, tration of Scotland, ii. 23, 27, 29. i.506. Law, in primitive times, i. 28; emer­ Leslie, David, i. 546; defeats Montrose gance' of, 82, 83; the study of, 83; at Carbisdale, 585 ; encounters Crom­ development of (temp. Edward I.), well at Dunbar, i. 588; forms a new 180, ttll; forms of, preserved (temp. army, i. 589; invades England, ib.; Henry VIII.), 305. is defeated at Worcester, ib. Law, Brehon. See Brehon Law. L'Estrange, Sir Roger, made censor of Law, canon. See Canon Law. the press, ii. 12. Law, common. See Common Law. Levellers, the, i. 555; their demands, Law. ecclesiastical, new code proposed, 55!!, 560; the most formidable dis­ i.3!8. turbers, i. 575; mutiny amongst, Law, Jedburgh. See Jedburgh Law. 575, 576. Law, Scotch, as compared with Eng- .. Leviathan," Hobbes's, ii. 2. lish, i. 415. Lewes, occnpied by Henry III., i. 160; Lawrence, Sir Heury, ii. 413, 421. battle of, 161. Laws, penal. See Penal Laws. Lewis, Charles, Elector Palatine, i. 533. Law., sumptuary, i. 226. Libel, prosecution for, ii. 39; reform Lawyers, the feudal, i. 83; exaspera­ of the law of, 246. tion against (temp. Richard 11.),236. LiberRls, the (temp. Charles I.), Laymen, ousting ecclesiastics in high neithei'Laudian nor Puritan, i.499. offices, i. 220. Libertines, sect of, i. 545. Learning, birth of, iu England, i. 7. Liberty, the first great documents of Leeds, Thomas Osborne, Duke of. English. i. 1:{3; personal, as secured See Dauby, Earl of. by the Great Charter, i. 137, 138. Le?:ates, papal, appear in England, i. Liberum veto, the Polish. i. 136. 31; introduce reforms, ib., 67. Licensing Act (14 Car. II. c. 33), the Legislation (temp. Henry II.), i. 82, IRpse of, gives freedom to the press, 83; adva.nce in (temp. Edward I.), ii. 38, 39. 1110,181; commercial (temp. Edward Lichfield House Compact, ii. 358. III.),22-1. Life, shortness of (temp. Edward Ill.), Leicester, Philip Sidney, third Earl of. i.21a. • See Lisle, Viscount. Lilburne, John, indicted, i. 503; his Leicester, Robert Dudley, Earl of, goes influence, 515; his character, 5!l5, as commander to the Netherlands, 578; t.ries to upset the government i. 384, 389. of the commonwealth, ib.; how Leicester (the town), sacked, i. 532, Cromwell dealt with him, 614. 551 Limerick, siege of, ii. 97. Leighton, Alexander, indicted, i. 503~ LimitRtion, bill of. ii. 44. Leighton, Robert, Archbishop of Glas­ Limoges, siege of, i. 212. gow, his futile attempts at media­ LinBCre, ThomRs, i. 314. tion, ii. 24, 25. Line.oln. "fair" of, i. 150. Lentha.lI, William, speaker of the Lincoln, John de la Pole, Earl of, i. House (temp. ChRrles I.), i. 529,554. 282. Leo X., Pope, i. :l13, 317. Lionel of Antwerp, Dllk~ of Ch\l'ence, Leofric, the house of, i. 15. third son of Edward III., i. 241i. INDEX 461

Lisle, Alice, beheaded, ii. 61. (temp. Charles I.), 535,536; threat­ Lisle, Philip Siduey, Viscount (after­ enelf by Charles I., 540, 641; sides wards third Earl of I,eicester), i. with tbe Presbyteriau party after 611. . the civil war, 556; its charter for­ Lisle, Sir George, condemned to be feited (temp. Charles II.), ii. 49. shot, i. 566. Londonderry, defence of, ii. 96. Literature, birth of, in England, i. 7 ; Longbeard. See Fitzosbert, William. revival 01, under Henry I., 58; has a Longbow, the, i. 198; compared with new birth (Iemp. Edward Ill.), 219; the firearm, 216, 248, 25!I, 407. (temp. Henry VII.), 279. Longchamp, William of. See William. Littleton, Edward John, first Baron Longsword, William, Earl of Salis­ Hatherton, ii. 355. bury, captures a French fleet, i. 129; Litnrgy, Cran mer's English Protestan t. death and burial of, 146. i. 345, 346; a compromise, 371,372. Lords, House of, hereditary right to a Liveries. statntes against, i. 284. seat in, i. 173; its constitution trace­ Liverpool, Robert Banks Jenkinson, able to Edward I .• ib.; composition second Earl of, ii. 306, 313. of (temp. Henry VII.), 298; as a Livingstone, house of, i. 405. tribunal (temp. Henry VIII.), 306; llewelyn, marries Eleanor de Mont­ diminution of spiritual element, 334; fort, I. 1m; rebels, 190, 191; sur­ settles down into a conservative renders, 191; revolts, ib.; slain, ib. house, 401; its character and com­ Local government in Saxon times, i. 11. position (temp. James I.), 444, 445; Locke, John, his political philosophy, dwindles into an appendage to the ii.57. Commons (temp. Charles I.), 534; Lockyer, Robert, the pomp of his fall of (temp. Commonwealth), 572; funeral. i. 575, 576. (Iemp. William Ill.), ii. 111. Lollardism, i. 239; attitude of the Lords of articles, the, i. 407; ii. 23. church towards,251; (Iemp. Henry Lords of the congregation, i. 413. V.l, 2,>;6. 314, 412. Loretto, house of, i. 334. Lollards, acts against, repealed, i. 348. Lorraine, Charles Ill., Duke of, i. 631, Lombard, Peter (U master of the 552. sentences "), i. 279. Lostwithiel, capitulation of, i. 549. London (temp. William I.), L 38; re­ Lougborougb, Alexander Wedderburn, ceives a cbarter of liberties, ib.; its Lord (afterwards first Earl of Ross­ fidelity to Stephen, 74; massacre of lyn} , betrays Pitt, ii. 297, 298. Jews in (temp. Ricbard 1.),110; pro­ Louis VII., of France, countenances gress of (temp. Richard 1.),116; its Becket, i. 911. first lord mayor, ib.; its govern­ Louis VIII., of France, lands in Eng­ ment, ib.; riots in (temp. Richard land, i. 143; enters London, ib.; de­ I.), 117; occupied by the barons, nonnces John, ib.; many declare for (temp. John), 132; treated on the him, 143; defeated at the fair of footing of tenants-in-chief,l35; laid Lincoln, 150; retires from England, under an interdict, 142; thrives ib.; annuls the provisions of Oxford, under Henry III., 146; liberties 11iO. and companies, 147; tallaged by Louis IX., St., of France, i. 181,263. Henry III., 164; sides with De Louis XI., of France, i. 281, 284, 408. Montfort, 160; Watt Tyler occu­ Louis XIV., of France, i. 272; his pies, 236; sides with Anne Boleyn, despotism, 302; expels the Hugue­ 320; sides with the Puritans (temp. nots, 583; his secret alliance with Charles L), 512; it·s council sbares Cbarles II., ii. 31; his paramount legislative power (tem". Cbarles I.), object as regards England, 37; his 534; the core of the Puritan cause intrigues, ii. 40, 258. 462 INDEX

Louis XVI. of France, cOlllpared with Maguinness, Hngh, i. 311. Charles I., i. 408; his trial compared Mahrattas, the, ii. 413, 420, 421. with that of Charles I., i. 568; ii. Maidstone, ~ohn, quoted, i. 643. 260, 21;1. Maitlaud, William, of Lethington, i. Louis Philippe, ii. 340. 416. Lovel, Fraucis, Visl.ount, i. 282. Major-generals appointed. i. 613. Lowe, Robert, ii. 2t!2. Malcolm Ill. of Scots, called Canmore, Lowlands of Scotland, i. 410. i. 50, 166. Loyalists of America, ii. 215, 216, 221. Malet, Robert, i. 60. Loyalty loan, the, ii. 279. Maletolt, i. 223. Loyalty, personal, in Saxon times, i. Malignants, the, i. 533. 9; birthday of, i. 297. Malplaquet, battIe of, ii. 144. Loyola, Ignatius, i. 425. Malta, ii. 410. Lucas, Sir Charles, condemned to be U Malvoisin," i. 144. shot, i. 5(;6. Mauchester, Edward Montagne, sec­ Lucy, Richard de, i. 96, 103. ond Earl of, his conduct at the Ludlow, Edmund, Colonel, i. 556; ii. second battle of Newbury, i. 550; 91. refuses to sit in Cromwell's upper Lumley, Richard, first Earl of Scar­ House, 619. borough, ii. 71. Mauny, Sir Walter, i. 218, 220. Luusford, Thomas, appointed gov- Manor, the (temp. William I.), i. 31. ernor of the Tower, i. 528. Manor court, the, i. 81. Lupus, Hugh, Earl of Chester, i. 49. Manor, lord of the, how curbed, i.170, Luther, Martin, i. 232, 31:i, 328, 394. 177. Lutheranism (temp. James I.), i. 462. Mauorial system, requisites of, i. 234; Lutherans, i. 329, 426. finally ~eplaced by land-ownership Lutter, battle of, i. 495. and hired labour, 350; the new Liitzen, battlefield of, i. 194. (temp. Elizabeth), 380, 381. Luxury, repression of, i. 226. Mansell, .John, i. 153. Lydgate, John, i. 219. Mansfeld, Ernst von, i. 462; loses the Lyme, fury of the women of, i. 532. Protestant cause, 472. Lyndhurst, John Siugleton Copley, jr., Manufactures, advance and spread of Lord, ii. 348. -Vemp. Henry VIT.) , i. 292. Lyons, Richard, Edward m.'s finan­ Manwaring, Roger, quoted, i. 474,475, cial agent, i. 229. 482. March, Edmund Mortimer, Earl of, i. 243,24.';. M March,-Roger Mortimer, Earlof. See Macclesfield, Lord Chancellor, ii. 160. Mo~.'timer, Roger. Macaulay, Thomas Babington, Lord, Marche, Count de la. See La Marche. ii. 3+1, 424. Marengo, battle of, ii. 300. Macdonald, John A., ii. 401: Margaret, daughter of Alexander m., Machiavelli, Niccolo, i. 270, 280, 326. King of Srotland, i. 19. Machiavellism, i. 2M. Margaret, daughter of Eric of Nor­ Mackay, General, defeats Cia verhouse, way, i. 411. ii. 93, 94. Margaret (daughter of Henry VI.), Mackenzie, William Lyon, ii. 393, 3!l!, marries James IV. of Scotland, i. 3!-19. 289. Macloughlin, Turlough Oge, i. 311. Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy, i. Magdalen College, i. 274. 282. Magna carta. See Charter, the Great. Margaret, of Anjou, wife of Henry Maguinness, Donald, i.3ll. VI., i. 264, 266, 267, 268, 269, 271. INDEX 463

Margaret, wife of Malcolm Canmore, acter and appearance. ib.; her diffi­ i.I66. culties, 359; marries Philip II. of Maria Theresa, attacked hy Frederick Spain, 362; her chagrin at her bar­ the GI'eat, ii. l!I3. renness, 363; her attitude in the Marie Antoinette (wife of Louis counter-reformation, 363; the sig­ XVI.), compared with Henrietta nificance of the epithet "bloody" Maria, I. 41ill, 471. applied to her, 366. Marioco, Adam de, i. 158. Mal'y Stuart (daughter of James V , Maritime enterprise, awakening of, i. of Scotland), Queen of Scots, i. 34a, 146. 3611, 1170; the legitimate heir, :~; )1arborough, parliament of, i. 164. assumes the royal arms, ib.; her Marlborough, John Churchill, first Catholicism, 387; her pitiful plight Duke of, his importance in the revo­ in Scotland, ib.; takes refuge in lution of 16118, ii. 16; his character, England, ib.; her conviction and 16, 11; completes the victory in Ire­ trial, ib., 388, 411, 414; the question land, 9'1; his perfidy, 103; his of her ma... iage, 416; her attach­ ascendancy, 129 et 8q.; his politics, ment to Catholicism, ib.. ; marries 131; his army, 132, 133; compared Daruley, ib.; marries Bothwell, 417; with Hannibal and Napoleon, 134; is imprisoned, ib.; resigns, ib.; is dismissed and disgraced, 149. defeated, ib.; and beheaded, ib. Marlowe, Christopber, i. 209, 311. Mary of Gnise (wife of James V. of Marriage, indissoluble in church of Scotland), i. 412, 414. Rome, i. 318, 319. • Mary, Princess, danghterof Charles I., Marshall, Richard, third Earl of Pem­ i.524. broke and Striguil, takes arms Mary, of Modena, ii. 43. against the king, i. lli1; is slain, ib. Mary (daughter of James II. of Eng­ Marsball, William, first Earl of Pem­ land, afterwards qneen), marries broke and Strignil, sides with the William, Prince of Orange (after­ king, i. 132; acts as mediator, 133, wards William III.), ii. 35; bronght 146; crowns Henry III., 149; is np a protestant, 43; her influence in regent, 150. the Revolntion of 1688, 79; ascends Marston Moor, battle of, i. 546, 547. the throne, 82; dies, 120; her char­ Marten, Henry, i. 511, 555. acter and inflnence, ib. Martial law proclaimed (temp. Massachnsetts, founders of, i. 649; Charles I.), i. 472. rebels, Ii. 207, 212. Martin Marprelate, i. 39'1. Massey, John, Ii. 65. Martinitz, Jaroslas von, i. 461. Massinger, Philip, i. 459, 496. Martyr, Peter, invited to England, i. Matilda, married to Henry I., i. 59; 345. rejoices at Anselm's reinstatement, Martyr, Catherine (Peter Martyr's 65; set aside for Stephen, 71; mar­ wife), i. 360. ried to Fulk, Count of Anjon, ib.; Marvell, Andrew, quoted, i. 602; his lands in England, 73; enters Loudon, incorruptibility, ii. 35, 36. 74; is expelled, ib. Mary (sister of Henry VIII., danghter Matthew Paris. See Paris, Matthew. of Henry VII., wife of (1) Louis XII. Maud. See Matilda. (2) Charles Brandon, Duke of Mauleon, Savary de, i. 140. Suffolk), i. 358. Maximilian, Duke and first Elector Mary, Queen of England, i. 319; the of Bavaria, i. 462. lawful heiress, 358; naturally an Mayflower, the, ii. 385. enemy of the Reformation, 359; not Maynard, John, i. 510, 556, 563. natnrally crnel, ib.; the motive of Mayor, Dorothy and Richal'd, i. 590. her persecutions, ib., 363; her char- Mazarin, Jules, Cardinal, i. 435, 537; 464 INDEX

his envoy to the Commonwealth, Mines, act forbidding women and 595. girls working in (586 Vict. c. 9!J), McMahon, i. 311. ii.373. Medmenham Abbey, ii. 164. Ministers, responsibility of, to parlia­ Melbourne, William Lamb, second ment (temp. Charles I.), i.473. Viscount, ii. 355 et aq.; his minis­ Miuistry of all the talents, the, ii. try, 358 et Bq., 381. 305. Mellent, Robert de, i. 55; excommuni- Minority, parliament empowers can­ cated,65. cellation of laws passed during Melrose Abbey, i.409. (temp. Henry VIII.; 28 Hen. VIII. Melville, Andrew, i. 436, 506. c. 17), i. 303. Mercenaries come to the aid of John, Minstrelsy, Welsh, i. 191, 192. 1.140. Mirabeau, Count de, ii. 261. Merchants, foreign, protected by the Miracles performed by Becket, i. 95. Great Charter, i. 135; statute of Mise of Lewes. See Lewes. (11 Edw. I.), 183; rival the aris­ Missionaries, Irish, enterprise of, i. tocracy (temp. Henry VII.), 280. 100. Merchant ad venturers, i. 292, 293. Mitton, battle of, i. 206. Mercia, i. 6; resists Christianity, 7. Moats, disappear, i. 280. Merton, Walter de, i. 148. Mogul empire, ii. 233, 411, 413. Mercury, newspaper, i. 539. Moleyne, Adam, Bishop of Chichester, Metcalfe, Charles Theophilus, Baron, i.265. governor of Canada, ii. 398. Mompesson, Sir Giles, i. 459. Methodism, influence of, ii. 163, 195, Monacute. See Montague. 196. Mouarchy, the Norman, in England, Mexico, effects of the discovery of character of, i. 24; functions of, 25; silver in, i. 336. a new ele~ent added to the right to, Middle ages, end of, i. 230; end of the 60; the scope and functious of, in Catholic, 279. the reign of Henry I., 67 ,liS; growth Middleton, John Middleton, first Earl of, its stability and power under of, his administration of Scotland, Henry II., 106; evidences of its ii. 53. streugth under Richard I., 114; Militia, national (see also Fyrd), re­ strong under John, 120 i elective organized by Henry II., i. 78, 79, system of, 147; Bracton on, 149; 176,217. Matthew Paris on, 148, 149; consti­ Millenarians, i. 545. tutional, principles of (temp. Henry Millenary petition, the, i. 437, 438. III.), 148; De Montfort puts it in Milton, John, combines Puritanism abeyance, 162, 163; restored after and culture, i. 497, 540, 541; among De Montfort's defeat, ib.; the ruling the moral anarchists, 545; on lib­ power (temp. Edward I.), 169, 175; erty of conscience, 548, 5t9; replies element of chance in, 203; constitu­ to the .. Eikon Basilik€," 57li; is tional. vital principle of, 256; be­ made Latin Secretary, ib.; becomes comes partially despotic after the the state pamphleteer, ib.; his con­ War of the Roses, 281 i the Tudor, troversy with Salmasius, ib.; his rested on the middle classes, 289 i .. Areopagitica," 577; his advice to . placed on a firm and enduring basis the long parliament, 595; his sonnet by Henry VII., 296; the five chief to Cromwell, 599; his fidelity to checks on, ib. " other checks, ib. " Ci'omwell, 612: his advice to the deprived of the support of Catholi­ rump parliament, 647; escapes the oism (temp. Henry VIII.), 3'1,; gov­ fate of the regicides, 8. ernment deemed to be in the crown Minerals, of Great Britain, i. 2. (temp. Elizabeth), 399; parliament- INDEX 465

ary and Protestant (temp. James I.), Montague, Henry Pole, Lord, executed 42!1 et sq.; begins to cast the burden for treason, i. 329, 331. of government on a vizier, 435 ; con­ Montague, Ricbard, Bishop of Chi. vocation formulates the absolutist chester, i. 474, 482, 502. creed, 438, 439; modern idea of, 558; Montereau, i. 260. effect of the Bill of Righta and the Montesquieu, Baron de la Bride et de, Mutiny Act upon, ii. 85. i.458 Monasteries, founded by Henry I., i. Montford, Eleanor de, i. 191. 61; their influence on civilization Montfort, Robert de, i. 82. and leal'ning (temp. Henry I.), ib.; Montfort, Simon de, i. 123, 158; an their chronicles, ib. ; their inflnence adventurer, ib.; highly religious, on chnrch art and music, ib.; sup­ ib.; sent as governor to Gascony, pression of (lesser 'J:1 Hen. VIII. ib. ; leads the opponents of the king, c. 28, and greater 31 Hen. VIII. c. ib.; calls a parliament,162; is slain, 13), 329 et sq.; Cromwell recom­ 163; hymn to, ib.; the fate of his mends dissolution of, 331; commis­ sons, 1H4, 207. sioners want, 332; their use and Montrose, James Graham, fifth Earl, abuse, 331, 332; give place to uni­ and first Marquis of, i. 198, 524; his versities and schools, 332 ; their brilliant victOl'ies over Argyle, 550; value in the north, ib.; expendi­ defeated at Philiphaugb, 552; is de­ ture of the fund derived from, 334 ; feated at Carbisdale, 585; is exe­ usefulness of, 335; dissolution of, cuted, ib.; his career, ib.; his death, increases vagrancy, 352; dissolution 586. of, lands derived from, 361, 362; dis­ Moore, Sir John, ii. 307. solntion of, give risf! to the" landed Morear, Earl, i. 20. gentrY and yeomanry, 392. More, Barry, i. 311. Monasticism, extension of, in England More, Sir Thomas, i. 281, 305, 314; his (temp. Henry I.), i. 67; flourishes crime, 328, 329; his character, 328; under Stephen, 15; beyond resusci­ made chancellor, 329; resigns, ib.; tation (temp. Mary), 362. is executed, ib., 330; quoted, 351. Monck, George, first Duke of Alber­ Mortalists, Si5. marie. See Albermarle. Mortimer, Edmund. See March, Earl Money bills, origination of, i. 276, 401. of. Money-power in politics (temp. Will­ Mortimer, Roger, i. 208, 209,210. iam III.), ii. 318. Mortmain, statute of (Edw. I. c. 2), Monks, effect of tbe dissolution of the i. 179; attempts to elude, ib., 315. monasteries upon, i. 336. Morton, John, Archbishop, i. 300, 369. Monmouth, James Fitzroy (alias Scott, Moscow, burning of. ii. 309. alias Crofts), Duke of, invades Hol­ Mountjoy, Charles Blount, Earl of land, ii. 33, 44. Devonshire, and eighth Lord, Laud Monopolies, i. 398; declared illegal panders to, i. 490. (temp. James I., 21 Jac. I. c. 3), Muggletonians, i. 545. 459; abolished by the long parlia.­ Muir, Thomas, ii. 274. ment, 514. Municipal life, awakening of, i. 141. Monroe Doctrine, the, ii. 325. Municipal Reform Act (5 & 6 Gul. IV. Montagn, Charles, Earl of Halifax, c. 76), ii. 359 et sq. one of the junto, ii. 109; his charac­ Munster, i: 351. ter, ib.; improves the coinage (1 & Miinzer, Thomas, lising of Anabap­ 8 Gul. III. c.l), 116; funds the debt, tists under, i. 348, 545. ib. , Murphy, Father, ii. 290. Montague, Edward. See Saudwich, Murray, James Stual't, second Earl Eadof. of, and pf Mar, i. 415. VOL. 11-30 466 INDEX

Mutiny Act, the (1 Gul. and Mar. Netherlands, persecution in the, i. 35; c. 5), passed, ii. 84; its importance struggles of Protestautism in, 388; ib ... its effects on monarchy, 85. persecution iu, 442; almost a 1II0n­ Mutiny, the Iudian, ii. 427 et sq. archy, 573. Mysore, ii. 419, 420, 421. Neuilly, Fulk de, i. 123. Nevers, the Earl of, i.I44. Nevill's Cross, battle of, i. 221,407. N Neville's, the, i. 2H!I. Nadir, Shah, ii. 411 et sq. Neville, Sir Heury, i. 452. Nag's head, story of the consecration New Brunswick, ii. 399, 402. at the, i. 376. New College, i. 228. Namlll', taken by William Ill., ii. 119. New Euglaud, emigrants to, i. 649. Nana Sahib, ii. 428. New model, the, how formed and Napier, Sir Charles, ii. 414. commanded, i. 551; supports the Napoleon Bonaparte, compared with independents, 556; its character, Cromwell, i. 642; ii. 300 et sq., 304; 557; becomes a political organiza­ his Berlin decrees. ii. aui ; his tion, 5ml; enters London, 56a; re­ career, 308 et sq ... falls, 309; his fuses to disband, ib ... marches to influence, ib. Uxbridge, ib... denounces eleven Naseby, battle of, i. 551; its decisive­ Presbyteriau .members of parlia­ ness, ib. meut, ib ... demands that the king National Assembly (French), the, i. shall be bronght to justice, 567. In. New Orleans, British repulsed at, ii. National debt (temp. George Ill.), ii. 308. 239 et sq ... evils of, 240. Newark; castle Ilf, i. 108, 144. Nationality, i. 7; the grand aim of Newbury, battle of, i. 542 j second Edward I., 169; becomes conscious, battle of, '!i50. 171; growth of (temp. Edward III.), Newcastle (the town), commissioners 219; rebels against the papacy from the long parliament meet (temp. Richard II.), 231; (temp. the Charles I. at, i. 553. Tudors),297. Newcastle,. Thomas Pelham-Holies, Navarre (Sancho VII.), the king of, Duke of, ii. 188, 189, 191, l!t!l. cursed by Innocent Ill., i. 123. Newcastle, William Cavendish, first Navigation Acts of Henry VII. (1 Hen . Marquis (and afterwards Duke) . VII. c. 8; 4 Hen. VII. c. 10), i. 293, of, holds York for Charles I., i. 593. 546. Navy (see also Fleet), how manned Newfoundland, i. 2'Jl. (temp. Richard I.), i.111; imprison­ Newspapers, duty ou reduced (6 & 7 ment of, under Edward 1., 176; at­ Gul. IV. c. iG), ii. 375. tention paid to, by Edward III., 217; Newton Butler, battle of, ii. 96. mercantile, growth of (temp. Henry Nigel, Bishop of Ely, i. 69, 72 j his VII.), 292, 306; its influence on . views on monarchy, 106. English liberty, 382. Nithing, meaning of, i. 10. Naylor, James, i. 619. U No addresses," vote of, i. 565. Neile, Richard, Bishop of Durham Nobility, a new order of, on the merg- (afterwards Archbishop of York), i. ing of chief into king, i. 9; (tem1" 439,451. William I.), 28, 2!1; predominance of Negro, the, ii. 408. (temp. Richard II.), 23!1; the old. th€ Nelson, Huratio, Viscollnt, death of, ii. part }llayed by (temp. Henry VII1.). 304. a()4; character of, ii. 71. Nelson, Wolfred, ii. 391, 893. Noblesse, the French, i. 172. Neo-Catholicism, i. 428. Nogaret, William of, i. 326. INDEX 467

Nonconformity, political, birth of, Norwicb, George Loring, Earl of, is ii.17. banisbed, i. 566. Nonjuror., the, ii. 89-90. Norwich, Kett's insurrection at, i. 351, Non-resistance, oath of, imp"sed by 352. statute (13 Car. IL stat. 2, c. I), ii. Nottingbam bnrned, i. 73; Charles 1. 11; the Lords pass a bill imposing sets up bis standard at, 540. an oath of, 37,311. Nottingbam, Daniel Finch, second Nurfulk. Heury Charles Howard, thir­ Earl of Nottingbam, and sixth Earl teenth Duke of, is converted to Pr0- of Wincbilsea, supports the Wbigs, testantism, ii. 278. ii. 105, 106, 130. Norfolk, Thomas Howard, second Nova Scotia, ii. 399, 462. Duke of, and Earl of Surrey (victor Nunneries, usefulness of, i. 332. of Flodden), i. 407. Nye, Pbilip, i. 535, 545. Norfolk, Thomas Howard, third Duke of, i. 324, 337. Norfolk, Thomas (III.) Howard, fourth o Duke of, i. 376. Oates, Titus, bis infamy and its conse­ 'Norfolk, Thomas Mowbray, Duke of, quences, ii. 41. banished by Ricbard II., i. 242. Occasional Conformity Act, tbe, ii. Norman Conquest. See Conquest, the 130, 151: repealed (5 Geo I. c. 4), Norman. 166. Norman, pious and papal character of O'Connell, Daniel, bis appearance and the, i. 18: and the Saxon, compared, cbaracter, ii. 333 el sq., 346, 378. 22. October Club, tbe, ii. 145. Normandy, tbe Duke of, origin of, i. Odo, Bisbop of Bayeux, i. 40, 44, 91. 16: compared with Englaud, 22; O'Dogberty, rebelliou of, i. 422. falls into anarchy under Robert, 70 ; O'Kane, Donald, i. :111. a focus of feudal mutiny,1I9: much Old Sarnm, ii. 320. of the time of English kings spent Oldcastle, Sir John, i. 256, 257. in, ib., 120; its severance from Eng­ O'Leary, Artbnr, ii. 299. land essential, 120. Olivarez, Gasparo de Guzman, Count Norris, Henry, i. 324. of, i. 435. Norsemen, i. 193. O'Neill, Owen Roe, i. 580. North Briton, the, ii. 201. Ontario, ii. 387, 401, 403. North, Francis. See Guilford, Lord. Opposition, a parliamentary, regularly North, Frederick, Lord, second Earl organized (temp. Charles II.), ii. 36, of Guilford, head of the government, O'Quillan, i. 311. ii. 214; his character, ib.; coerces Ol'angeism, ii. 334: introduced into the Americau colonies, 218, 231, Canada, 400. 232. Oratory, parliamentary (/emp. Eliza­ Northampton, the Great Council Dleets beth), i. 398; begins to be a power at, i. 9.3. in politics, i. 520. Nortbmen, the, in Normandy, i. 16. Ordeal in trials, i. 10 ; its use restricted, Northumberland, earldom of, sold by 81, 82: in Henry I1.'s legislation, Ricbard I., i. 108. 119. Nortbumberland, Jobn Dudley, Duke Orders of Knighthood, i. 211. of, bis conspiracy, i. 354, 355. Ordinances, imposed upon Edward II. Northumberland, Thomas Percy, sev­ by a committee of lords and pre­ enth Earl of, i. 376. lates, i. 205: tbeir provisos, ib., Northnmbria, Christianity in, i. 7. 206; are overthrown, 207, 208: the -Northwest territories of Canada, the, concessions demanded by tbem prac­ ii.402. tically confirmed, 208. 468 INDEX

Orford, Edward Russell, Earl of. See Panzani, Gregorio, papal envoy. i.502. Russell, Edward. Papacy, the (temp. William I.), i. 34 Orford, Robert Walpole, Earl of. See et sq . .. morality of the, ib. et sq. ; has Walpole, Robert. always been Italian, 35; its en­ Orkney, Elizabeth Villiers, Countess croachments in England (temp. of, land grants to, ii. 123. Henry I.), 67; its resort to force, Orleans, the Regent, succeeds Louis 97; always despotic, 131; practises XIV., ii. 174. extortion on English clergy (temp. Orlton, Adam, Bishop of Hereford, i. Henry III ), 155: the zenith of its 209. usurpation, 156, 157; unpopularity Ormonde, James Butler, twelfth Earl, of (temp. Henry III.), 177; its pre­ first Marquis, and first Duke of, tensions (temp. Edward I.), 178; deputy in Ireland, i. 579, 580; re­ strives to dominate England, ib.; turns to London, 613; ii. 4, 34; im­ SUbjection to, being shaken off, 219, peached, 165, 166. 220; transferred to Avignon, 219; Orombelli, Michael, i. 325. its rapid advancement between the Orrery, Roger Boyle, first Earl of. reigns of Henry II. and John, 122; See Broghill, Baron. causes contributing to this, ib.; its· Otho IV., of Brunswick, i. 123. claims (temp. John), ib ... becomes Otho, papal legate, i. 156. the tool of France, 231; degradation Oude, aunexation of, ii. 427. of, ib. ; schism in the, 248; corrup­ Oudenarde, battle of, ii. 143. tion of, 312; schisms in, 313: always Overbury, Sir Thomas, i. 457 et sq. foreign to England, 361. Overbury trial, the, i. 436, 451 et sq. Papineau, Louis Jean, ii. 391, 393. Oxford, John de Vere, Earl of, i. 285. Papists, disabled from sitting in parlia­ Oxford, Robert Harley, Earl of. See ment (30 Car. II. stat. 2, c. 1). ii. 36. Harley. Paris, Matthew, i. 118; on the elective Oxford (town), the base of Charles I.'s system of monarchy, 148, 149. operations, i. 536; surrenders, 552. Parish system, i. 11. Oxford, University of, birth of, i. 58, Parker, Matthew, Archbishop of Can­ 147; students of, assault of the, 156; terbury, i. 376. side with De Montfort, 160. Parker, Samuel, Bishop of Oxford, ii. 65. '- P Parliament, germs of, in the Great Paget, Sir William, quoted, re Somer­ Charter, i. 1;16; birth of, 145; the set's policy, i. 354. name given to the assembly of barons Paget, William, first Baron Paget of and prelates,15!; knights summoned Beaudesert, Secretary of State, i. to, 161; l'epresentation of the people 302, 304, 360, 361. in (temp. Henry III.), 162; De Mont­ Paine, Tom, Ii. 272. fort's (Jan. 28, 1865), character of, Palatinate, the recovery of (temp. 165; representation in (temp. Ed­ Charles I.), i. 470, 471, 478 et sq., ward I.), 170 et sq ... our modern, 494. traceable to Edward I., 173; its pri­ Pale, the Anglo-Norman, iu Ireland, i. mal function of, under Edward I., 309 et sq ... atrocities of, 418. 175; how this was developed, ib., Palmerston, Henry John Temple, third 176; demands redress of grievances Viscount, ii. 317. (temp. Edward II.), 205; to be held Pamphlets (temp. Elizabeth), i. 397: yearly (temp. Edward II.), 206; shoals of (temp. Charles I.), 539; growth and power of (temp. Ed­ (temp. William m.) ii. 115. ward II.), 209; ill-informed (temp. Pandulph, papal legate, i. 127, 131, 133, Edward III.), 221; struggl~9 against 142. Edward m., 223; enlarges its pow- INDEX 469

ers, ib.: activity of (temp. Edward Parliament, the "Convention," re- m.), 224; its organization pretty stores Charles II., ii. 5. complete, ib.; definitely divided into Parliament, Cromwell's, i. 614. two honses, ib. : reforms abnses, 225; Parliament, the" Good," i. 229. cancels Ricbard II,'s charter of man­ Parliament of Ireland, i. 310, 312,422; nmission, 237; the complaisan~e of (temp. George III.), ii. 243 et sq."j (temp. Richard II.), 241, 242; its de­ passes Catholic emancipation, 285. posing power, 243; deposes Ricbard Parliament, the" Long," called, i. 508 II., ib.; settles the succession on et sq.; its temper, 512; its reforms, Henry IV., ib.; latitude allowed to, 613; passes a triennial bill (16 Car. by Henry IV., 249, 200; its consent I. c.1), 615; forbids its own dissolu­ is necessary to laws, 255, 256; the tion (16 Car. I. c. 7), ib.; attaints powers it had acqnired (temp. Rich­ Strafford, 521;' its ecclesiastical re­ ard III.), 276; howacquired,ib.; its forms, 523; demands the r.ommand condition in the Wal"S of the Roses, of the militia, 52!!; its l'upture with 275,276,277,278; annnal, ordained the king, ib. et sq.; makes war on by Edward 11.,278; its influence par­ the king, 533; raises an army, 639; amount over that of the city, 291; accepts the solemn league and cove­ no tax levied withont its consent nant, 543; its severe measures when (temp. Henry VII. et 8q.), 296; no under Presbyterian domination, 545; fixed time for election or dissolntion remodels the army, 550, 551; pub­ (temp. Tndors), 298; its weakness lishes "The King's Cabinet Opeued," its strength (temp. Tudors), ib.; 551, 552; corruption of, 554; opens only seven called by Henry VII., fresh negotiations with Charles 299; an engine of the government after his snrrender by the Scotch, (temp. Henry vm.), 304; its snb­ 558; attempts to disband the army, serviency to Henry VIII., ib.; legis­ 563; fortifies London, ib. ; gives way lative authority of, restored, 356; to the army, ib.; submits a com­ its independence (temp. Elizabeth), promise to the king, 565; sends com­ 397 et 8q.; Todor compared with missioners to treat with the king at Laucastrian, 39get 8q.; annual, pre­ Newport, 567; ceases to be repre­ scribed by statnte (6 Edw. II. c. 29; sentative of the people, 674; sur­ 36 Edw. Ill. c. 10), 615; growth of named the" Rnmp" (q. II. infra), the power of (temp. Restoration), 694; perpetnates itself, 596. ii. 10; right of, to deal with the suc­ Parliament, the" Mad," i. 158. cession to the crown, 43; end of the Parliament, the" Merciless," i. 242. struggle between king and, 85; char­ Parliament, the "Rump,"" called, i. acter of (temp. William Ill.), 112 647. et sq. Parliament of Scotland, the, i. 406 et Parliament, the Addled (1614), signifi­ sq.; remodelled by James I., 407. cance of the elections to, i. 4liO; its Parliamentary government (temp. constitution, ib.; its dlssolntion, Edward I.), needs of, i. 165; not a ib. solitary birth in England, i. 171. Parliament, the "Barebones," or Parliamentary reform, Pitt's attempt " Little," i. 602 et 8q. at, ii. 242, 320 et sq., 341 et sq. Parliament, Charles lI.'s, ii. 7, 10; 'its Parma, Hercules Farnese, Duke of, opposition to the Declaration of i. 377, 388, 425. Indulgence, 30; strikes at the Duke Parr, Catherine, wife of Henry VIII., of York, 31; its corruptibility, 35; i.33!!. its protests and demands, 36; is dis­ Parricide, common in Norman annals, solved,39; his second, ib.; his Oxford i.104. parliament, 46. Parties, formation of (temp. Ed ward 470 INDEX

II.), i. 204; (temp. Henry VIII.), Penruddock, John, royalists rise 342. under, i. 612, 613. Party government, origin of, ii. 106 Penry, John, i. 3!Jl;. at sq. Perambulation of the forests, i. 187. Party system, the, ii. 171. Perceval, Spencer, ii. 306, 314. Paschal, Pope, i. 62. Percy, Henry, second Earl of North­ Paston letters, i. 262. umberland, son and heir of Sir Paterson, William; projects the Da.­ Henry Percy, called .. Hotspur," i. rien Company, ii. 136. 256. Pattinson, ii. 4:l1. Percy, Sir Henry (" Harry Hotspur "), Paul IlL, Pope, his attitude in the i. 246. question of the divorce of Anne Percys, the (see also Northumberland, Boleyn, i. 320, 321; excommunicates EarlB of), Richard II. estranges, i. Henry VIII., 322. 242, 243; aUy against Henry IV., Paul IV., Pope, his treatment of Car­ 246, 269. dinal Pole, i. 365. Perrers, Alice, i. 228, 229. Paulet, Sir Amyas, i. 388. Persecutions, the Marian, i. 363 et sq. ; Paulin us, carries Christianity to number of those who suffered, 304; Northumbria, i. 6. few gentry and no nobles among the Pauperism, growth of (temp. Edward martyrs, ib.; its initiation ascribed VI.), i. 352; (temp. Elizabeth), 379. to Gardiner, ib.; its cruelty to Peace, the king's, i. 10. Bonner, ib.; parliament, qneen, and Peacham, Edmond, i. 436, 455. council responsible, ib.; not Spain, Peasant, the (temp. William I.), i. 31; ib., 365; burnings confined to south not freed by the Great Charter, 138; and east, 365; by the long parlia­ (temp. Edward I.), 175. men t, 545 et sq. Peasants' war (England). See Serfs, Perth, North Inch of, clan fight at, i. Revolt of. 411. Peasants' war (Germany), i. 233. Peruzzi, the, i. 222. Peckham, John, Archbishop of Can­ Peter the Hermit, i. 127. terbury, i. 178, 179. Peter's pence irregularly paid in Saxon Pecock, Reginald, Bishop of St. Asaph times, i. 18; paid after the Conquest, and of Chichester, i. 314. 32, 315. Pedro the Cruel, king of Castile, i. Peterloo, massacre of, ii. 327, 328. 227. Petition of Right, i. 133, 479. Peel, Sir Robert, ii. 314; his ability Petre, Edward, Father, ii. 61, 63. and politics, 331 et sq.; as leader, Philip II., Augustus, king of France, 328,356 et sq. i. 104, 111; prepares to invade Eng­ Peers, i. 173; assembly of, called by land, 127; attacks Flanders, 129; Charles I., 508. fears the pope, 142. Pelham, Henry, ii. 187. Philip III. (the Bold), king of France,

Pembroke, William and Richard Mar­ < instigates the Scotch to attack Eng­ shall, Earls of. See Marshall, land, i. 213. William and Richard. Philip II., o.f Spain, i. 172; marries Pembrokeshire, Flemings posted in, lIIary, queen of England, 362, 365, i.189. 388. Penal laws, 1. 440. Philip IV. (" the Fair"), of France, i. Penda, King, 1. 7. 326. Penitentials, Roman, i. 318. Philip Mary, Duke of Milan, i. 325. Pennenden H,'ath, great snit decided Philip (Duke of Swabia), the Hohen­ on, i. 30, 91. stauffen, i. 123. Penny post, the, ii. 376. Philil'haugh, battle of, i. 552. INDEX 471

Philippa, Queeu, wife of Edward III., Platonists, Cambridge, precursors of 1.227. the, i. 499. Philosophy, scholastic, the era of, i. Plessis les Tours, i. 284. 147; is displaced, 279. Plunket, Oliver, Archbishop of Picard, Sir Heury, i. 224. Armagh, executed, ii. 41. . If Piera Ploughman," i. 233. Plunket, William Conyngbam, first Pilate's Stairs, i. 334. Baron, ii. 281, 2!J6, 329, 330, 333. Pilgrimage of grace, i. 330, 333, 335. Plymouth (town), i. 536. Pilgrimages, discarded, I. 346. Poems, pOlitical, I. 147, 148. Pilnitz, conference at, ii. 265. Poi tiers, battle of, i. 213; its influence, Pindarees, the, ii. 421. 214, 220, 238, 346. Pinkie Cleugh, hattie of, i. 343, 411. Poitou, conquered by King John, i. Piracy.. common (temp. Henry VII.), 129. i.292. Pole, John !ie la, Earl of Lincoln. See Pitt, William, Earl of Chatham, ii. Lincoln. ... 182, 185; comes to the front, 190; Pole, Micbael de la, i. 240. his qualifications, ib.; head of the Pole, Reginald, Cardinal, I. 313, 314, government, 191 at aq.; his policy, 330, 359; made papal legate, 361; 192; his character, ib., et 8q., his his liberality of creed, 365. foreign wars, 194 at aq.; his fall,198; Pole, William de la, fourth Earl, and upholds the revolt of the colonies, first Duke of Suffolk. See Suffolk, 'JIYT, 208; forms a ministry, 210, 211 ; Duke of. raised to the peerage, 211; resigns, Poles, the de la, i. 291. 214; dies, 218. Police, in Saxon times, I. 10. Pitt, William, ii. 231; accepts the Polity, old English, i. 1-15; Norman, premiership, 235 at sq.; his early as compared with English, 30; its training, ib.; his financial policy, 239 central idea, ih. et sq., 241,278 et sq.; his treatment Poll tax, I. 235. of Unitarians and Latitudinarians, Pomfret Castle, Richard m. conSigned 346; his East India bill, 248 et 8q.; to, i. 244. his foreign policy, 256 et sq.; on Pompadour, Jeanne Antoinette Pois- the French Revolution, 261, 262, 265, son, Marchioness of, ii. 193. 21i6; his war with France, 266 et 8q.; Pontefract, Robert de, i. 60. a8 war minister, -200; his invasions Pontigny, Abbot of, I. 95. of liberty, 275; his oratory, 281, 282; Poor law, i. 352 (temp. Elizabeth), and the union with Ireland, 295 et (35 Eliz. c. 4), 326; (temp. Will­ Bq.; resigns, 298 et Bq.; again takes iam IV.) (4 and 5 Gul. IV. c. 76), ii. office, 302 et 8q. 367,379. Pius V., Pope, deposes Elizabeth, I. Poor, relief of, enjoined by statute 377. (1 Edw. VI. c. 3), I. 353. Place bill proposed, ii. 110. Pope. the, his claims (temp. John), i. Place, Francis, ii. 352, 373. 122; rival popes (temp. Henry III.), Plague, the great, of London (see also 155; how regarded in England, 314, Black Deat.h), il. 18. 315. Plantagenet line, founder of the, i. 76. Popish plot, the (temp. Charles II.), ii. Plantagenet, Richard, Dulte of York, 41. assumes the name of, i. 2Ii6. Portland, William Henry. Cavendish, Plantations, in Ireland, 422, 423. third Duke of, Prime Mini:;ter, ii. Plaisey, battle of, ii. 414, 421. 231,286,306. Platform,~the birth of the, ii. 227; in- Portohello taken, ii. 184. fluence of (temp. George IV.), 323. Port-reeve, i. :ll!. Plato. I. 279. Ports, English, safe from attack, i. 2 ; 472 INDEX

liberties of, secured by the Great of law, repealed, i. 352, 356; Coke Cbarter, 134, 135. protests against, 457. Portsmouth, Duchess of, as Mme. Proctors, clerical, i. 174. Louise de Keroualle, sent by Property, statutes limiting free con­ Louis XIV. to Charles II., ii. 32. veyance of (temp. Henry VIII.), i. Pottinger, Eldred, ii. 421. 303. Poundage. See Tonnage aud Pound­ Protector, the, functions of, i. 608. age. Protectorate, the, interferes with pri­ Poynings, Sir Edward, i. 312. vate tastes and habits, i. 635; an­ Prmmunire, statnte of (16 Rich. IL archical state of, after Richard c. 5), i. 220, 313, 315, 326, 361, 373. Cromwell's resignation, 646 et sq. Prayer Book. See Common Prayer, Protestantism (see also Reformation), Book of. Henry VIII.'s attitude towards, i. Prayers for the dead discarded, i. 346. 317, 318; what bound the nobility Preambles of statutes, i. mJ5. to,334; its true birthday in England, Prerogative, tbe king's (temp. Will- 339; zeal of the continental, trans­ iam 1.), i. 25 sq.: stretches of, by planted to England, 3M; diversions Edward Ill., 221, by James I., 457. in, 426; and political freedom, 427; Presbyterian party (temp. Charles I.), outburst of (temp. James I.), 461. aims of, i. 555; the Scotch, their Provisions of Oxford, objects of, i. attachment to monarchy (temp. 158, 159; annulled by Louis, 160,205. Commonwealth),5801. Provisors, statute of (25 Edw. m. c. 6), Presentment of Englishry. See Eng­ i. 220, 313, 315. lishry. Pi'ynne, William, indicted, i. 503; is Presentment of jury, primitive form set free, 514; his vengefulness, ii. 6. of, i. SO. Public opinion (temp. George I.), ii. Press, the, government censorship of 157 et sq. (temp. Charles I.), i. 503; freedom Puiset, Hugh de, Bishop of Durham, of the, fettered by the Common­ i.lll. wealth,577 ; laws restraining (temp. Pulpit, the, a channel for opinion, i. 297. Charles II.), (14 Car. 11. c. 33), ii.12; Pulteney, William, Earl of Bath, ii. censorship of, 114, 115; influence of 182,186. (temp. George IV.), 323; a cheap Punjaub, the, ii. 425; annexed, ib. political, 375. Purgatory discarded, i. 346. Preston, battle of, i. 566, 584; ii.187 .. Puritan, a, described, i. 496, 497. Pretender, Charles Edward Stuart, the Puritanism, an antidote to arbitrary young, lands in Scotland, ii. 164, government, i. 381; advent of, 393; 187,188. compared with Catholicism, ib.; its Pride, Thomas, Colonel, " purges" spirit, ib.; its morality, ib.; its atti­ parliament, I. 567. tude towards culture and education, Priests, marriage of, i. 338. ib. " its preachers, 396; the germs of Primogeniture in the choice of king in its conflict with Anglo-Catholicism, Suon times, i. 9, 26. 428 et sq.; compared with anglican­ Prince Edward Island, ii. 399, 402. ism,495 et .• q., 500; the end of, in Princes, the, murdered iu the Tower. England, 64!!; the reaction from, ii. See Edward V. and YOl'k, Richard, 1; death of, 17. Duke of. Puritans, middle class, described, i. Printing is"iJorn, i. 279; spread of, 297, 542. 317; ousts copying. 332. Purveyance, .i. 25, 26; restrained by Prisons, inspection of. ii. 369. the Great Charter, 136, 137; Com­ PrivyConncii. SeeConncil, the Privy. mons attack the abuse of (Iemp. Proclamations, royal, given the force James I.), 415 et sq. INDEX 473

Pym, John, defends the penal laws, Recognitions, sworn, in place of wager, i. 464, 479, 480; frames a remon­ i.82. strance,1lO8,1lOiI, 510 ; ad vises strong Recovery, common, i. 288. measures, 512, 513; carries the im­ Recruiters, i. 556. peachment of Stratford, ib.; attempt Recusancy, laws against, made se­ on his life, 525; his object in the verer (3 Jac. I. cc. 4, 5), i. 440. civil war, 532, 533; his death and Recusants, the, ii. 89. burial, MI. Reform bill, the (2 GuI. IV. c. 45), i. Pyxes discarded, i. 346. 173, 002; ii. 342 et .q. Reformation, the, dawn of, i. 156; influences tending towards, 312 et Q .q.; its leaders in Europe, 313, 314; Quakers, the (temp. Restoration), ii. (temp; Henry VIII.), 326 et sq., 337 et 19; penal law against (14 Car. II. sq., 341 et .q.; (temp. Edward VI.), c. I), ib. 343 et .q.; (temp. Mary), 380 et sq.; Qualification of electors, i. 276; of (temp. Elizabeth), 371 et.q.; in Scot­ member of parliament settled (temp. land,411 etsq.; in Ireland,417 etsq.; Aune) (9 Ann. c. 5), ii. 152. in Europe, 423 et .q., 427 et sq., 502, Quarterly, the, quoted, ii. 396. 503. Qnebec, i. 402; ii. 386, 3!!7, 388, 392, Regency, first regularly created, i. 393,402. 150; of Richard II., 241, 342; of Quebec Act, the (14 Geo. III. c. 83), ii. George Ill., ii. 209, 252. 386. Regicides, execution of (temp. Charles Quia Emptore., statute of (18 Edw. I. II.), ii. 5 et sq. c. 1), i. 177. Reginald, sub-prior of Canterbury, i. Quinn, James, quoted, ii. 6. 121. Quo Warranto, commission of, i. 177. Registration of births, etc., ii. 385. Re,qium donu"" the, stopped, ii. 151. Regraters, i. 224. R Regulating Act (India), ii. 415. Racial distinctions, i. 28, 119. Relief (feudal), i. 45. Radicali.m, ii. 318. Remonstrants, i. 589. Hagmau's roll, the, i. 196. Renaissance, dawn of, in England, i. Rainshorougb. Thomas, Colonel, i. 556; 230,238. ruurdered, 568. Representation, principle of, often l'e­ Raleigh, Sir Walter,i. 3fi8; his loyalty, sorted to by kings, i. 162; parlia­ i. 381, 382; his plot on behalf of mentary, anomalies of, ii. 320 et sq., Arabella Stuart, 453 et .q.; his trial 342 et sq. and imprisonment, 451; his Guiana Republicanism of Greece and Rome, expedition, ib.; his execution, ib.; influence of, i. 477, 478. his last poem, ib., 455. Republicans (tem). Charles I.), i. 555. Ramillies, battle of, ii. 143. Republics, comparison of, i. 573. Randolph, Sir Thomas, i. 383. Rescissory, the act, ii. 23. Ranjit Singh, ii. 425. Restoration, the, i. 648; transition to, Ranters, i. 515. ii. 1,9,20, Ranulph Flambard, or the Firebrand. Revolution, the French, ii. 258 et sq. See Flambard. Revolutions, character of, ii. 53; of Reading, judicial combat at, i. 82. 1688, character of, 53, 54; bloodless Reading, the Abbot of. See Feringdon, and peaceful, !IO et sq. Hugh. Rhe, Isle of, i. 472. Reciprocity treaty, Lord Elgin's, ii. Rhode Island,liberty of conscience in, 401. i.548. 474 INDEX

Rich, Richard, first Baron Rich, i.329. Rockingham, Cbarles Watson-Wellt­ Richard (Fitzneale or Fitznigel), worth, second Marquis of, head of Bishop of Ely, Bishop of London, the government, il. 209, 210,231. his iJia/ogu8 de Scaccario, i. 83, Rocroy, battle of, i. 4W. 99. Roderick, the Irish chieftain, i. 102. Richard I., i. 104; is crowned, 106; his Rodney, George Brydges, first Baron mode of raising money, 107, lOS; his Rodney, Admiral, his victories, ii. crusade, 112 et sq.; his death, 114; 2:!1. his absences from England, 120. Roe, Sir Thomas, ii. 414. Richard II., i. 2'~; his ascension, 233, Roger, Bishop of Salisbury, and his 236, 237; his character, 238 et sq.; son Roger, I. 69, 72. resumes power, 241 et sq.; is im­ Rolph, Dr. John, ii. 399. prisoned, 244, 309. Roman Catholicism, how regarded by Richard III., i. 272 et sq ..' his murder people and parliament (temp. Charles of the princes, 274, 2X1. I.), I. 549. Richelieu, Cardinal, i. 201; his policy Roman Catholics, disabilities of (temp. purely political, 4~, 435, 481. George III.), ii. 229; some of these Richmoud, Charles Leunox, third Duke abolished, 230. of Richmond and Lennox, ii. 226. Roman inti ueuce on the English race, Richmond (palace), i. 2&1. i.4. Ridley, Nicholas, Bisbop of London, Roman law, i. 83. his character, i. 34l, 364. Rome, the natural centre of the Latin Rigbts of Man, the French declaration church, i. 34; sack of, 307. of, i. 134. Romilly, Sir Samuel, ii. 274, 321, 329, Rinuccini, Giovanui Batista, papal 330. nuncio, i. 580, 582. Rooke, Sir George, ii. 145. Riot Act, the (1 Geo. I. stat. 2, c. 5), ii. Root and branch bill, causes a split in 11,7. the party, i. 523. Ritualism, I. 502. Roses, Wars of the, I. 204, 261 et sq. Rivers, Anthony Woodville, Earl, i. Rosslyn Chapel, i. 409. 273. Rota Club, the, i. 1H6. Rizzio, David, i. 387; murdered,417. Round table, i. 192, 220. Roads, the Roman, i. 6; improved Round towers of Ireland, i. 101. (temp. Henry VII.), 293. Ro\rndheads, origin of the name, i. Robert, Earl of IIIellent, i. 52. 497, 528, 536; their morality, 539. Robert III., of Scotland, I. 411. Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, i. 230, 458. Robert, of Gloucester (bastard half- Roxburgh, castle of, i. lOS. brother of Matilda), i. 73, 74. Royal Marriage Act (12 Geo. m. c. Robert, of Normandy (son of William 11), ii. 19.~. I.), mort.gages his duchy to William Royal Society, formation of, ii. 20. Rufus, i. 54; returns from the cru­ Royalists (of the civil war), their sades, 59; invades England, ,b. armament and forces, i. 537, 538; Robert, of Jumicges, i. 14, 18. rise in the north and west (1655), i. Robert the Devil, I. 16. 612. Robinson, Sir Thomas, ii.. 18!1, 190. Runnymede, King John meets the Robsart, Amy, i. 368,384. barons at, i. 133. Robsart, Sir John, I. 3M. Rupert, Prince. i. 538,539; his conduct Rochelle, i. 472, 481. at. Edgehill, 540; surrenders Bristol. Roches, Peter des, Bishop of Winches­ 5,,2; raises the siege of York, IHH; ter,-i. 151, 152. his conduct at Marston Moor, 1H7; Rochester Castle, i. 140. defeats the Dutch, ii. 32. Rockingham Castle, i. 52. Rnpert's drops, ii. 20. INDEX 476

Rusaell, Edward, Earl of Oxford, ii. San Domingo, ii. 408. 71; hiB character, 109. Sanctuary, privilege of, i. 316. Rusaell, Lord John, first Earl Russell, Sandwich, Edward Montague, Earl of, ii. 332, 359, 391. his victories over the Dutch, ii. 32. Russell, Sir John, i. 302, 304. Sandwich (town), i. 143. Russell, William, Lord Russell, ii. Saragossa, ii. 309. 36,411. Sarsfield, Patrick, ii. 97. Russells, tbe origin and politics of, i. Savage, Sir Arnold, i. 249. 334. Savile, Sir George, ii. 230. Rutland, Edmund, Earl of, i. 269. Savoy, Protestants of, massacred,. i. Ruyter, Michael Adrian8-zoou van, 583. sweeps the channel, ii. 32. Sawtre, William, i. 253. Rye house plot, the, ii. 48 et sq. Saxons, migration of, i. 3; and Nor­ Ryswick, treaty of, ii. 120. mans. compared, 22. Saye and Sele, William Fiennes, first Viscount, i. 479. 8 Scandinavia, i. 293; Protestantism in, Sabbath, the Calvinistic, instituted, i. 425. 346. Scepticism, spread of (temp. Restora­ Sacheverell, Henry, impeached, ii. 146. tion), ii. 20. Sacraments, the seven, reduced to two, Schism Act, the (13 Ann. c. 7), ii. 151; i.346. repealed (5 Geo. I. c. 4), 1(j6. Sadler, Sir Ralph, i. 383. Scholasticism, retreat of, i. 230. Sailor, the B.itish, treatment of (temp. Schomberg, Frederic Armand de, George III.), ii. 269 et 8q. Marshal, goes over to Ireland with St. Albans. i. 271; battle of, i. 266. an army, ii. 00, 97. St. Augustine. See Augustine. Schools, founded by Edward VI., i. St. Bartholomew, massacre of, i. 35, 349. 377, 415, 442. Schwartz, Martin, i. 282. St. Catherine Cree, church of, i. 501, Sciences, the natural, progress of 546. (temp. Restoration), ii. 20. St. Drausius, I. 95. Scotland, its union with England at­ St. Edmundsbury, i. 109, 130. tempted (temp. Edward I.), i. 189; a St. George's Channel, its influence on disunited nation, 193, 199, 202, 404; English political history, i. 2. attacks England (temp. Henry St. Giles's Kirk, riot iu, i. 505. VIII.), 308; its constant wars with St. Hugh, Bishop of Lincoln, 114. England, 407; (temp. Charles 1.).505 St. John, Oliver, i. 510. et sq.; (temp. CbarlesII.), 585et8q.; St. Pierre, Eustace de, i. 212, 291. ii. 21 et sq.; i. 590; (temp. Cromwell), St. Ruth, General, is defeated by 625; (temp. Revolution of 1688), ii. 91 Eiukell, ii. 97. et sq.; nnited to England (6 Anll. c. Salisbury, Margaret, Countess of, exe­ 11),134 et sq.; effects of the union, cuted, i. 3.31. 140 et sq. Salisbury, Robert Cecil, Earl of, i. Scott, Thomas, i. 620. 434,~. • Scroggs, Sir William, ii. 41, 42, 47. Salmasius, Claudius, his contl'oversy Scrope, of Masbam, Lord, i. 256. with Miltou, i. 576. Scrope, Richard, Archbishop of York, Salzburg, Protestauts Of, expelled, i. rebels, i. 246; executed, ib., 247, 583. 252. Samson, Abbot, i. 109. Scutage, instituted, i. 79, 84, 226. Sancroft, William, Archbishop, ii. 79, Seal, the great, a new one made (1643). 89. i. 533, 534. 476 INDEX

Sects, religious growth of (temp. Sharp, John, Archbishop of York, Charles I.), i. 544, M5j (temp. Com­ murdered, ii.. 24. monwealth), 575. Shanon, Nicholas, Bishop of Salis­ Sec.urity,· act of, ii. 136. • bury, drrven from his see, i. 338. SeditiouS Meetings Act, the (36 Geo. Sheep farms, increase and profits of, m. c. 8), ii.273. i.350. Sedley, Catherine, ii. 63. Shelburne, William Petty, Earl of, and Seekers, i. 545. first Marq nis of Lansdowne, his Selden, John, his book on tithe, i. 458 j character, ii. 231. retracts, ib., 483, 510, 535 j supports Sheldou, Gilbert, Archbishop of Can- the independents, 556. terbury, a leader ii. 20. Self-denying ordinance, the, i. 550. Shelley, Percy Bysshe, ii. 318. Self-government, Teutonic tendency Sheriff, the, in Saxon times, i. 10, 30; towards, i. 3. Sheriffmnir, battle of, ii. 164. Senlac, the battle of, i. 19, 20. Shilling, value of (temp. Henry vm.), Septennial Act, the (Geo. I. c. 38), ii. i.336. 110,167. Ship-money, origin of, i. 492; re-im­ Septs, the Irish, i. 310, 418. posed by Charles I., ib.; abolished Serfdom, i. 38, 39. by the long parliament, 514. Serfs, ordination of, i. 91; condition Shire, the, i. 30. of (temp. Edward I.), 175; revolt of, Shire-reeve. See Sheriff. 233 et sq.; emancipation of, 237; Shires, division of the country into, drift into cities, 291 et sq. i.9. Serlo, mayor of London, i. 147. Shrewsbury, Anna Maria, Countess of, Servetus, Michael, burnt, i. 348. seduced by the Duke of Buckingham, Settlement, act of (Ireland) (temp. ii.29. Charles II.) (14 and 15 Car. II. c. 12), Shrewsbury. Francis Talbot, eleventh ii.22. . Earl of, killed in a dnel, ii. 29. Settlement, act of (securing the Hano­ Shrewsbury, Charles Talbot, twelfth verian succession) (8 Ann. c. 15), Earl, and Duke of, ii. 71. 1709. Shrievalties, the, i. 82. Settlement, act of (12 and 13 Gu!. m. Sibthorp, Robert, i. 475. c. 2), the, ii. 123 j provisions of, 123, Sitlmouth, Lord. See Addington. 124. Sidney, Algernon, i. 556, 612; ii. 36, 48. Seven bishops, the petition of, ii. 68 ; Sidney, Henry, ii. 70. trial of, ib. Sidney, Sir Philip, i. 368, 381. Seymour, Jane (wife of Heury VIll.), Sidneys, the origin and politics of, i. i. 323, 325; death of, 338: 334. Seymour, Thomas, Baron Seymour of Siets Partidas, i. 181. Sudeley. i. 302, 354, 355. Signories, the French, in Canada, ii. Seymours. the, origin and politics of, 390,399. i. 334; influence of, SW. Sikhs, tbe, ii. 413, 425. Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, Simeon trustees, the, i. 501. first Earl of, a member of the Cabal, Simnel, Lambert, i. 248, 282. ii. 27, 28, 36, 42, 47. Sinking fund, efficacy of, ii. 240. Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, Six Acts, the, ii. 328. seventh Earl of, ii. 373. Six Articles, statute of (35 Hen. VIII. Shakespeare, William, i. 209, 238, 245 c. 5), i. 337 ; repealed (1 Edw. VI. c. ~,257, 2,1;9, 264, 368, 377, 380,381, 12),341. 383, 394, 461. Skippon, Philip, i. 541. Shales, Henry, Commissary-General, Slave trade, in Saxon times, i. 15; Pitt his roguery, ii. 102. and the, ii. 246 et sq. INDEX 477

Slavery, abolition of (3 and 4 Gul. IV. Spenser, Edmund, i. 368, 382. c. 73), Ii. 370, 371; in Jamaica, 407 Sprat, Bishop, ii. 65, 69. et .q. Squire, the. i. 379; (temp. George I.), Slawata, William von, i. 461. ii. 160, 161. Slingsby, Sir Henry, his plot, i. 612. Stafford, William Howard, .:viscoimt, Sluys, battle of, i. 212, 217. executed, ii. 41. Smeaton, Mark, i. 324, 325. Stamford Bridge, battle of, i. 19, 140. Smerwick, battle of, i. 418. Stamp duty, imposed on pamphlets and Smith, Sir Thomas, i. 286. newspapers (10 Ann. c. 19), ii. 152. Society, demoralized by the French Stamp tax, Grenville's, ii. 207; re­ wars, i. 231; character of (!emp. pealed, 209, 210. Henry V.I.), 262, 263, 270. Stanhope, James, first Earl Stanhope, Soldier, the British (!emp. George llL), leader of the government, ii. 168 Ii. 270 et sq. et sq. Solemn league and covenant, the, i. Stanley, Sir William, i. 283. 505 .t sq. Stapleton, Sir Philip, i. 510, 556, 563. Somers, John, Lord, his character, ii. Star Chamber, court of, instituted 109, 121, 130. (3 Hen. VIII. c. I), i. 285 et sq., 296, Somerset, Countess of. See Howard, 401; enlarges its jurisdiction, 491; Frances. abolished (16 Car. I. c. 10), 515. Somerset, Edmund Beaufort, second States General, the, i. 172. Duke of, I. 265. Statesmen (temp. Elizabeth), i. 369 Somerset, Edward Seymour, first Earl et sq. of Hertford, and Duke of (the Pro­ Steele, Richard, expelled from the tector), i. 343 et .q.; sympathizes House of Commons, ii. 152. with the Commons, 353; his fall and Steinkirk, battle of, ii. 119. rise, 3.';5; his execution, ib.; results Stephen, takes the throne, i. 71; his of his death, 357, 411. character, 71, 72; his reign divided Somerset house, i. 344. into three periods, 72; defeated and Somerset, Robert Carr, Earl of, i. 434, taken prisoner, 74; gets free, ib. 4.51 et sq. Stigand, Archbishop, i. 14, 18, 31. Soul.fileepers, i. 545. . Stirling, i. 197. South Africa, ii. 406. Stoke, battle of, 1. 282. South Sea Bnbble, the, ii. 169, 170. Strachan, J., Bishop of Toronto, ii. Southampton (town), i. 536. 392. Southampton, Thomas Wriothesley, Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, Earl fourth Earl of, Clarendon's col­ of, i. 486; Lord Deputy of Ireland, league, his character, Ii. 4. 487 tot sq.; his "thorough" policy, Southampton, Thomas Wriothesley, 488 et sq., 494 ; recalled from Ireland, fifth Earl of, i. 570. 507; impeached, 513, 516 e! sq.; Southey, Robert, ii. 272. executed, 521. Spain, decrepitude of (temp. James I.), Stratford, Robert, Bishop of Chiches­ i. 426; quarrel_with (temp. George ter, i. 223. II.), ii. 183 et sq. Striguil, Richard de Clare. second Earl Spanish marriage (Prince Charles's of Pembroke and (" Strongbow "), projected), the, Commons protest i. 101, 102. against, i. 464 et 8q.; is relin­ Strode, William, i. 510. quished, 469. Strongbow. See Striguil. Spanish succession, the (temp. William Strype, John, i. 380. 395, 397. III.), i1.J25 et sq. Stuart, Lady Arabella, i. 403. Speaker, the, of the House of Com­ Stuarts, the, i. 302. mons, i. 225. Stubbe, John, i. 397. 478 INDEX

Suarez, Francisco, i. 425. (temp. John), 125; change in mode Subinfeudation, i. 177. of, 226 et sq ... (temp. Charles [I.), ii. Subsidies, i. 227. 9; (temp. George I.), 151!, 159. Succession to the throne, parliamen­ Taylor, Jeremy, Bishop of Down and tary settlement of, i. 243; regulated Connor, i. 470. (temp. Henry VIII.) (26 Hen. VIII. Templars, the, i. 92; dissolution of, c. 2; 28 Hen. VIII. c. 7; 35 Hen. 203,332. vm. c. I), 317, 320, 327, 329; Temple, George Nugent-Temple-Gren­ (temp. Aune) (6 Ann. (l. 7 and 8 Ann. ville, second Earl (afterwards Mar­ c. IS), ii. 139; right of parliament quis of Buckingham), ii. 2::15. to deal with, 43. . Temple, Sir William, brings about the Sndbury, Simon of, Archbishop of Triple Alliance (temp. Charles n.), Canterbnry, i. 236. ii.33. Snffolk, Edmund de la Pole, Earl of, Tenants-in-chief, i. 29, 138, 173, 177. i. 284; beheaded, 302, 303. Tennyson, Alfred, i. 192. Suffolk, honse of, i. 403. Tenure, military, i. 30; abuses of, 134 i Suffolk, William de la Pole, fourth villain, 2115, 297. Earl, and first Duke of, i. 264, 280. Test Act (25 Car. n. c. 2), ii. 31; re- Summons, to attend the Council, forms pealed (9 Geo. IV. c. 17), 332. of, i. 136. Teutonic spirit, the, i. 41. Sunderland, Robert Spencer, second Tewkesbury, battle of, i. 268. Earl of, sncceeds Danby, ii. 39; sup­ Thane,i.9. ports the exclnsion bill, 43. Theobald, Archbishop of Canterbury, Superiorities, ii. 321, 342. i. 75, 87. Supplies, grauting of, far-reaching in­ Theodore, of Tarsus, organizes the fluence of, i. 175. church, i. 11. Supremacy, act of (1 Eliz. c. I), i. 329, Theresa, St., i. 424. 374. Thistle, Order of the, i. 211. Surajah Dowlah, ii. 414. Thomas Aquinas. See Aquinas. Surrey, Henry Howard, Earl of, i. Thomas a Becket. See Becket. 305,340. Thomson, Edward Charles' Poulett, Surrey, Thomas Howard, Earl of. Baron Sydeuham, governor of Can­ See Norfolk. aola, ii. 398. Sussex, weald of, i. 294. Thuggee, ii. 42.~. Suttee, ii. 424. Thurlow, Edward, first Baron, ii. 253. Sutton, Archbishop, ii. 363. Tie1"~ Etat, i. 172. Swinford, Catherine, i. 265. Tilbury, i. 391. Switzerlaud, renounces the papal Tilly, Count von, i. 271,462,472,4\)5. faith, i. 313; Protestantism and Times, the London, ii. 368. Catholicism in. 423,425; the cantons Tinchebrai, battle of, i. 70. of, a mere league, 573. Tippoo, ii. 420. Synods, i. 10. Tiptoft. See Worcester, John Tiptoft, Earl of. T Tithe, payment of, in Saxon times, i. Tallage,1. 25; renunciation of, 133,186, 11; embezzled (temp. Henry VIII.), 187. 3a5; commutation of (6 and 7 Gu!. Talleyrand-Perigord, ii. 28. IV. c. 71), ii. 31>1. Tantallon Castle, i. 405. Tithing. the, i. 30. Tasso, Torquato, i. 382. Toleration Act (telllp. William III.), Tax, poll. See Poll Tax. (1 Gu!. and Mar. c. 18), ii. 87. Taxation (temp. Henry II.), i. 84; Tlllllline, Sir George Pretyman, Bishop constitutional resistance to, 114,115; of Wincbester, ii. 363. INDEX 479

Tone, Wolfe, ii. 285. Trevor, Sir John, made speaker, ii. Tonnage and poundage, i. 478, 492. 113; 165. Tooke, John Horne, ii. 2i6, 319. Trial by battle, i. 28; by ordeal, ib. Torgau, battle of, ii. 194. Trial by jury, germ of, i. SO, 81. Torture, judicial, renunciation of, i. Trials, form of (temp. Henry II.), i. 137; introduced under Henry VI., 110 et sq ... by one's peers, 174. 296; sanctioned in Scotland, 407. 'l'ribalism, Irish, i. 101. Tory democracy, ii. 167, 1611. Tribunals, ecclesiastical and secular, Tory, first use and origin of the name, their respective spheres (temp. ii.45. Henry n.),.i. 85. 'l'ostig, i. 19. Tridentine faith, i. 425. Tournaments, forbidden by Edward Triennial Act, repealed (16 Car. II. c. 11., i .. 205. 1), ii. 10; (temp. William III.), (6 Tours, battle of the plain of, i. 107. and 7 Gu!. and Mar. c. 2), ii. 110. Towns (temp. William I.), i. 38; fre­ Triple Alliance, the (temp. Charles quent sacking of (temp. Stephen), II.), ii. 33. 73, 74; advance of (temp. Richard Tromp, Martin Harperszoon van, i. I.), 115; attain corporate existence, 593. 147; side with De Montfort, 160; Tucker, Josiah, Dean of Gloncester, (temp. Henry VII.), 290 et sq.; quoted, ii. 208. Scotch, growth of, retarded, 408, Tunstall, Cuthbert, Bishop of London, 409. . i. 3ti5, 366. Townshend, Charles, leader of the Turgot, A.-R.-J., ii. 259. government, ii. 1611 et sq.; taxes tea Twenge, Sir Robert, i. 156, 171. in the colonies, 211, 212. Twiss, William, i. 534. Towton, battle of, i. 267, 269, 271 .. Tyler, Wat, occupies London, i. 236, Tractarian movement, ii. 365, 366. 351. Trade, extension of, nnder Henry II., Tyrconnel, Richard Talbot, Earl of, i. 1. 84; secnred by the Great Charter, 420; ii. 62; calls a parliament at 135; its chief seat (temp. Henry Dublin,94; which passes an Act of VII.), 294; obstacles to (temp. Attainder, 95. Henry VIII.), 336; condition of Tyrone, Hugh O'Neil, Earl of, i. 420. (temp. Elizabeth), 379; (temp. Tyrrell, Walter, i. 56. Charles 11.), ii. 51. Trafalgar, battle of, i. 390; ii. 304. U Trailbaston, writ of, i. 184. Treason, defined (25 Edw. m. stat. 5, Ulster, lands in, forfeited, i. 422. c. 2), i. 225. Uniformity acts (2 and 3 Edw. VI. c. Treason laws (temp. Henry VIII.) (26 1; 5 and 6 Edw. VI. c.l), i. 343,346; Hen. VIII. c. 13), i. 202, 303; re­ • (1 Eliz. c. 2), 374; (14 Car. II. c. 4), pealed (1 Edw. VI. c.12), 352; new ii.I5,87. added (5 and 6 Edw. VI. c. 11), ib., United Empire Loyalists, the, ii. 387, 355 et sq... repealed (1 Mar. c. 1), 392. 3.';9; severity of, increased (13 Car. United Irishmen, the, ii. 284. II. stat. I, c. 1), 11; improved, 82, Universities, growth of, i. 147. 83; amended (7 Ann. c. 21), 130. Universities, Scotch, i. 409. Treasonable Practices Act, the (36 University of London, ii. 366. Geo. III. c. 7), ii. 273. Urban II., Pope, i. 47. Treaties, commercial (temp. Henry Usher, James, Archbishop of Armagh, VII.), i. 2113. i. 500; ii. 14. 'l'rent, council of, i. 425. Usury law (temp. Henry VIlI.), i. 336. Treves, holy coat of, i. 334. "Utopia," Sir Thomas More'S, i. 328. 480 INDEX

Utraquism, i. 425. Wakefield, Edward Gibbon, ii. 395. Utrecht, treaty of, ii. 150. Wakefield, E., ii. 291. Walcheren expedition, ii. 306. Waldenses, persecution of. See Savoy. v Wales, the Norman Conquest advances Vagabondage, i. 336, 352, 353. towards, i. 189 et sq.; its bards, Vagrancy, laws respecting, i. 237; 191, 192; though annexed, not in­ (temp. Henry VI.-Richard III.) , 278; corporated, 192; incorporated with necessity of, 336; (temp. Edward England (27 Hen. VIII. c. 26), 306, VI.), 349, 350; cruelty of, 353. 308. Valence, William de, i. 153. Walker,Obadiah, ii. 65. Van Dyck, Sir Anthony, i. 469. Wallace, William, defeats Cressing­ Vane, Sir Henry (the elder), his notes ham at Stirling, i. 197; invadQ& Eng­ at Strafford's impeachment, i. 517, land, ib.; is given up, i.I98; execnted, 518. ib.; his deserts, ib. Vane, Sir Henry (the younger), i.510; Wallenstein, i. 271, 472, 495. a member of the couucil of state, 574, Waller, Edmund, conspires for Charles, 575, 578; executiou of, ii. 8. i.541. Vaughan, Sir Thomas, i. 273. Waller, Sir,William, his army de­ Vellore, massacre at, ii. 427. stroyed, i. 541. Venner, Thomas, heads an insurrec­ Wallington, Nehemiah, a typical Puri­ tion, ii. 19. tan, i. 499. Vere, Robert de, Earl of Oxford, Mar­ Walloons, the Catholicism among, i. quis of Dublin, and Duke of Ireland, 425. i.239. Walpole, Robert, rising to power, ii. Verneuil, i. 261. 168et sq.; the first prime minister, Vestry, the, i. 11. 170, 171; his birth and character, Vizelay, i. 95. 172 et sq.; his policy, 173 et sq., 176 Victoria, Queen, ascends the throne, et sq.; financial legislation, 178 et ii. 881. sq.; declares war on Spain, 184; his Villain, the, his condition (temp. Will­ declining influence, 184, 185, 186. iam I.), i. 38, 39; what the Great Walsingham, Sir Francis, i. 368, 378, Charter did for him, 188. 383,391. . Villanage (temp. William I.), i.38, 39; Walter, Cardinal, Bishop of Albano, gradually disappears, 237. i.53. Villani, Giovanni, I. 217. Walter, Hubert, Archbishop of Can- Villeueuve, Admiral, ii. 305. terbury, i. 114. . Vinegar Hill, camp at, ii. 290. Waltel', John, ii. 368. Vineis, Peter de, i. 126, 181. Walters, Lucy, Ii. 44. Viscount, origin of the title, i. 30. • Waltheof, i. 28; put to death, 39. Viterbo, I. 164. War of the Roses, i. 268 et sq. Vowel, Peter, his plot, i. 612. Warbeck, Perkin, i. 275, 282, 284, Voyages of discovery, i. 294. 408. Wardship, i. 45, 445 et 'q. Warfare, changes in mode of, i. 217, W 218. Wager of battle lingered long (abol­ War-hawks, the, Ii. 308. ished, 59 Geo. m. c. 46), i. 348. War power, political element in, i. Wages, increased after the black 210,217. death, i. 233; regulated, 237,278. Warrenne, Earl, i. 177. Wagram, campaign of, ii. 309. Warwick, Edward, Earl of, executed, Wakefield, battle of, i. 267. i.284. INDEX 481

Warwick, Richard Bea'uchamp, Earl Wharton, Thomas, Earl of, his char­ of, \. 263. acter, ii. lOS, 109, 130. Warwick, Richard Neville, Earl of, W~g, first use and origin of the name, and of Salisbury (the .. King­ 11.45 •. maker"), i. 267; his extravagance, Whigs, the, in power (temp. George I. 269; his influence, 270. and II.), ii. 165 et ,g.; split into sec­ Warwick, Sir Philip, i. 511. tions, 188 et ,g. Warwick, Thomas Beauchamp, Earl Whitby, synod of, i. 7. of,241. White Hart, badge of the, i. 246. Washiugton, George, Ii. 216 et ,g. Whitecoats, the, i. 547, Washington (town), taken by the Whitelock, Bulstrode, i. 510, 594;" his British, ii. 308. description of Cromwell's inaugura­ Watch and ward, i. 184. tion, 618; sent as ambassador to Waterloo, battle of, I. 390. Sweden, i. 632. Watt, James, ii. 255. Whitgift, John, Archbishop of Canter­ Wayneflete, William, Bishop of Win­ bury, i. 3117, 428. chester, i. 274. Whiting, Richard, Abbot of Glaston, Wedderburn, Alexander. See Longh­ i.333. borough, Lord. Whittingtons, the, i. 291. Wedgewood, ii. 255. Wicklow, rebellion at, ii. 290. Wellesley, Arthur. See "Wellington, Wilberforce, William, ii. 237; and the Duke of. slave trade, 247 et 'g" 268, 280, 370. Wellesley, Marquis, Governor-General Wildman, John, i. 556. of India, ii. 420 et ,g. Wilfrid tries to introduce high church Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, first principles, i. 10. Duke of, ii. 307; his political char­ Wilkes, John, his character, ii, 201; acter,315 et ,g.; former minister, assails Bute, ib.; expelled from the 331,421. House, 202,227. Welsh disestablishment, i. 5. William I. (the Conqueror), his birth, Welsh language, the, preserved, i. i. 16; his ambition, 18; defeats 308. Harold, 19, 20; is crowned, ib.; in­ Wentworth, Peter, i. 398. troduces the fendal system into Eng­ Wentworth, Thomas. See Strafford, land, 23; makes a survey of the Earl of. kingdom, 27, 28; his mode of dealing Were-gelt, i. 10. with local institutions, 30; declines Weshington, Walter de, i.I60. to do homage for his kingdom, 32 ; a Wesley, John, ii. 163, 232. strong and good ruler, 39; his end, -Wessex, the germ of the United King- 40. dom, 1.6. William n., I. 42 et sg.; abuses his West Indian colonies, ii. 406. prerogatives, 46; falls sick, 47; re­ Westminster Abbey, i. 152. covers, 50; sete out for Normandy, Westminster, a royal seat, I. 26. 51; recognizes Urban, 53; sends en­ Westminster Assembly of Divines, voys to Rome, ib.; is killed in the I. 534. New Forest, 56. Westmoreland, Charles Neville, sixth William III, (as Prince of Orange), Earl of, i. 376. i. 243, 266, 544; marries, ii. 35; in­ Weston, Richard, first Earl of Port­ vited to England, 70, 71 j his char­ land, his ministry, i. 484. acter, ib" 100 et sq.; ascends the Weston, Sir Francis, i. 324. throne, 82; (as king) wins the l Wetherell, Sir Charles, ii. 345. battle of the Boyne, !!7. Wexford, slaughter at, i. 581 j rebellion William IV" ascends the throne, ii. at, ii. 290. 340; dies, 381. VOL. 11-31 482 INDEX

William '(son of Henry I.), drowned, tbeir demelfnour (temp. Edward i.71. III.), ib. William, Bishop-Elect of Winchester, Woodville, Elizabeth, i. 267, 272. i.63. Wool, exported from England, i. 146, William, Earl Marshal. See Pem­ 218; imports laid on, 222. broke, William Marsball, Earl of. Wooton. See Wotton. William of Carileph, Bisbop of Dur­ Worcester, battle of, i. 589. bam, i. 44, 52. Worcester, John Tiptoft, Earl of, i. William of Longchamp, Bishop of 270. Ely, i. 111, 115. Wordsworth, William, Ii. 272. William of Nogaret. See Nogaret. Workhouses, Ii. 368. William of Warelwast, i. 53, 64. Wotton, Nicholas, i. 452. William of Wykebam, Bishop of Win- Wotton, Sir Henry, qnoted, i. 3f11. cbester, i. 228, 230. Wriothesly, Thomas. See Southamp-. William the Lion, king of Scotland, ton. invades England, i. 103; is taken Writs, legal, lasting form given to, i. prisoner, ib.; does homage for his 182. kingdom, 10~. Wyatt, Sir Thomas, rebellion of, i. Williams, John, Archbishop of York, 359,363. i. 486, 500. Wycliffe, John, i. 219, 225, 228, 231 et Williams, Roger, i. 548. sq., 251 et sq., 313 et sq. Wilmington, Spencer Compton, Lord. Wyndham, Sir William, Ii. 165, 168. See Compton. Wiltshire, William Ie Scrope, first Earl of, i. 239. Y Wincbelsey, Robert, Archbishop of Yelverton, Sir Christopher, i. 398. Canterbury, i. 180, 186, 188. Yeomanry, growth of, i. 294, 295, Wincbester, a royal seat, i. 26, 38. 392. Wincbester, John Paulet, fifth Mar- Yeomen of the guard, i. 297, 306. q uis of, i. 538. York (city), i. 38; outrage upon Jews, Winchester School, i. 228. in, 110, 274, 546. Winchester, statute of, i. 176. York, Edward, Duke of (afterwards Windebank, Sir Francis, i. 514. Edwl'rd IV.) (q. v.), his victories, i. Windham, William, ii. 275, 280, 286. 267 et sq., 271. Windsor Castle, i. 2".-8. York, James Stuart, Duke of (after­ Winwood, Sir Ralph, i. 452. wards James II.) (q. v.). Wisbart, Bishop of Glasgow, i. 200. York, Ricbard, Duke of, i. 266, 267, Wishart, George, i. 412. 274 et sq., 281. Witan, the, i. 8, 18, 30. York, the line of, i. 269. Witchcraft, in Scotland, i. 414. Ypres, taken by Philip II., i. 129. Witt, Jan de, Ii. 33. Wolseley, Sir Charles, i. 611. Wolsey, Thomas, Cardinal, i. 303 Z Bt sq., 316 et sq.; his fall, 321 at sq., Ziska, John, i. 425. 329, 332, 369. Zutphen, battle of, i. 381. Women, chivalric regard for, i. 211; Zwingli, Ulrich, i. 313, 394.