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Home , Earl of Rosebery, Earl Russell, Henry Addington, Spencer Perceval

Appendix – Prime Ministers of the Nineteenth Century

Total Age at first Dates of time as Name Party appointment Ministries Premier

1. William Pitt, born Tory 24 years, 19 Dec. 1783–14 18 years, 28 May 1759, died 205 days March 1801, 343 days 23 Jan. 1806, 10 May 1804–23 unmarried. Jan. 1806 2. , Tory 43 years, 17 March 3 years, 1st , 291 days 1801–10 54 days born 30 May 1757, May 1804 died 15 Feb. 1844, married (1) Ursula Hammond, 17 Sep. 1781 (2) Mary Anne Townsend, 1823, 4 sons, 4 daughters 3. William Grenville, 1st Whig 46 years, 11 Feb. 1806–25 1 year, Baron Grenville, born 110 days March 1807 42 days 24 Oct. 1759, died 12 Jan. 1834, married Anne Pitt, 18 Jun. 1792, no children 4. William Cavendish- Whig, 44 years, 2 April 1783–18 3 years, Bentinck, 3rd Duke of then Tory 353 days Dec. 1783, 82 days Portland, born 14 April 31 March 1807–4 1738, died 30 Oct; 1809, Oct. 1809 married Lady Dorothy Cavendish, 8 Nov. 1766, 4 sons, 2 daughters 5. , born Tory 46 years, 4 Oct. 1809–11 2 years, 1 Nov. 1762, died 11 May 338 days May 1812 221 days 1812, married Jane Spencer-Wilson, 10 Aug. 1790, 6 sons, 6 daughters

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Appendix: Continued

Total Age at first Dates of time as Name Party appointment Ministries Premier

6. Robert Banks Tory 42 years, 8 Jun. 1812–9 14 years, Jenkinson, 2nd Earl 1 day April 1827 305 days of Liverpool, born 7 Jun. 1770, died 4 Dec. 1828, married (1) Lady Louisa Hervey, 25 Mar; 1795, (2) Mary Chester, 24 Sep; 1822, no children 7. , born Tory 57 years, 12 April 1827–8 119 days 11 April 1770, died 1 day August 1827 8 Aug. 1827, married Joan Scott, 8 Jul. 1800, 3 sons, 1 daughter 8. Frederick John Tory 44 Years, 31 Aug. 1827–8 130 days Robinson, 1st Viscount 305 days Jan. 1828 Goderich, 1st Earl of Ripon, born 30 Oct. 1782, died 28 Jan. 1859, married Lady Sarah Hobart, 1 Sep. 1814, 2 sons, 1 daughter 9. Arthur Wesley Tory 58 years, 22 Jan. 1828–16 2 years, (Wellesley), 1st Duke 266 days Nov. 1830, 320 days of Wellington, boirn 17 Nov. 1834–9 1 May 1769, died Dec. 1834 14 Sep; 1852, married Lady Kitty Pakenham, 10 April 1806, 2 sons 10. Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Whig 66 years, 22 Nov. 1830–9 3 years, Grey, born 13 March 254 days Jul. 1834 229 days 1764, died 17 Jul. 1845, married Mary Ponsonby, 18 Nov. 1794, 10 sons, 7 daughters (one illegitimate) 11. William Lamb, 2nd Whig 55 years, 16 July 1834–14 6 years, Viscount Melbourne, 123 days Nov. 1834, 255 days born 15 Mar 1779, 18 April 1835–30 died 24 Nov. 1848, Aug. 1841 married Lady Caroline Ponsonby, 3 Jun. 1805, 1 son

Continued Appendix 341

Appendix: Continued

Total Age at first Dates of time as Name Party appointment Ministries Premier 12. Sir , Conservative 46 years, 10 Dec. 1834–8 5 years, born 5 Feb. 308 days April 1835, 57 days 1788, died 30 Aug. 1841–29 2 July 1850, June 1846 married Julia Floyd, 8 Jun. 1820, 5 sons, 2 daughters 13. Lord John Whig, Liberal 53 years, 30 Jun. 1846–21 6 years, Russell, 1st Earl 316 days Feb. 1852, 29 111 days Russell, born Oct. 1865–26 18 Aug. 1792, Jun. 1866 died 28 May 1878, married (1) Lady Adelaide Ribblesdale, 11 April 1835, (2) Lady Frances Elliot, 20 July 1841, 3 sons, 3 daughters 14. Edward George Conservative 52 years, 23 Feb. 1852–17 3 years, Stanley, 14th 331 days Dec. 1852, 20 280 days , Feb. 1858–11 born 29 Mar. June 1859, 28 1799, died Jun. 1866–25 23 Oct. 1869, Feb. 1868 married Emma Bootle- Wilbraham, 31 May 1825, 2 sons, 1 daughter 15. George Gordon, Peelite 68 years, 19 Dec. 1852–30 2 years, 4th Earl of 326 days Jan. 1855 42 days Aberdeen, born 28 Jan. 1784, died 14 Dec. 1860, married (1) Catherine Hamilton, 28 July 1805, (2) Harriet Hamilton, née Douglas, 4 sons, 4 daughters

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Appendix: Continued

Total Age at first Dates of time as Name Party appointment Ministries Premier

16. Henry John Temple, Liberal 71 years, 6 Feb. 1855–19 9 years, Viscount Palmerston, 109 days Feb. 1858, 12 141 days born 20 Oct. 1784, Jun. 1859–18 died 18 Oct. 1865, Oct. 1865 married Emily, Lady Cowper, 16 Dec. 1839, no legitimate children 17. , Conservative 63 years, 27 Feb. 1868–1 6 years, Viscount 68 days Dec. 1868, 339 days Beaconsfield, born 20 Feb. 1874–21 21 Dec. 1804, died April 1880 19 April 1881, married Mary Anne Wyndham Lewis, 28 Aug. 1839, no legitimate children 18. William Ewart Liberal 58 years, 3 Dec. 1868–17 12 years, Gladstone, born 340 days Feb. 1874, 126 days 29 Dec. 1809, died 23 April 19 May 1898, 1880–9 married Catherine Jun. 1885, Glynne, 25 Jul. 1839, 1 Feb. 1886–20 4 sons, 4 daughters July 1886, 15 Aug. 1892–2 March 1894 19. Robert Arthur Cecil, Conservative 55 years, 23 Jun. 13 years, 3rd Marquess of 140 days 1885–28 252 days Salisbury, born Jan. 1886, 3 Feb. 1830, died 25 July 1886–11 22 Aug. 1903, Aug. 1892, 25 married Georgina Jun. 1895–11 Alderson, 11 Jul. July 1902 1857, 5 sons, 3 daughters 20. Archibald Primrose, Liberal 46 years, 5 Mar. 1 year, 5th , 302 days 1894–22 109 days born 7 May 1847, Jun. 1895 died 21 May 1929, married Hannah de Rothschild, 20 Mar. 1878, 2 sons, 2 daughters Index

Note: Page numbers in bold refer to chapter titles

Abdul Hamid II, Turkish Sultan, 318 Amiens, Peace of, 24, 33, 34, 49, 72, 86–7, Abdul Mecid I, Turkish Sultan, 254 121, 234 Abercorn, Marquess of, 234–5, 238, 239 Anglesey, Marquess of (Lord Uxbridge), Aberdeen, 3rd Earl of, 233–4 139, 160–1, 171, 220 Aberdeen, 4th Earl of, 1, 2, 143, 194, Anglo-Belgian Treaty, 334 213–14, 222, 225, 227, 232–44, 256, Anglo-French Trade Treaty (1860), 297 259–60, 277–9, 293–6, 297, 304 Anne, Queen, 11, 158 Aboab, Isaac, 267 Anson, George, 194 Abyssinia (Ethiopia), 281 Anti-Corn Law league, 195–6 Act of Union (Ireland) (1800), 24, 63, 152, Arabi Pasha, 305 160, 184, 231 Arbuthnot, Charles, 144, 145 Addington, Dr Anthony, 6, 16, 29 Arbuthnot, Harriett, 136, 144, 145 Addington, Henry, Jr., 34 Arden, Charles, Lord, 68, 69, 70 Addington, Henry, 1st Viscount Argyll, Duke of, 244 Sidmouth, 16–17, 24–5, 28–37, 39, Aristides, the Just, 244 49, 50, 52, 64, 72, 76, 78, 86, 87, 90, Armenian massacres, 336 92, 95, 107–8, 109, 114, 115, 121, 152, Armistead, Elizabeth, 13 184, 186 Army reforms, 300 Addington, Hiley, 33, 35 Arnold, Matthew, 281 Adullamites, 215, 229, 280, 298, 299 Ashburton, Lord, 240 Afghanistan, 194, 240, 254, 261, 284 Asquith, H.H., 216, 307, 308, 336 Ahmud II, Turkish Sultan, 254 assassination of Perceval, 79, 82, 89, 123, Alabama, 263, 301 183, 250 Albert, Prince Consort, 178–9, 194, Assaye, Battle of, 136 212, 226, 240, 257–8, 263, 280, Attwood, Thomas, 160 285, 301 Auckland, Lord, 22–3 Alderson, Georgina, 313–14, 322 Augustenburg, Duke of, 263 Alexander, the Great, 138 Austerlitz, Battle of, 25, 50, 108 Alexander I, Tsar, 90, 92, 110, 236 Alexander II, Tsar, 261 Baillie-Cochrane, Alexander, 275 Alexandra, Princess, later Queen, 263 Balfour, Arthur, 306, 320 Alexandria, bombardment of, 305 Balfour, Lady Frances, 244 Alfred Club, 123 Ballot Act (1872), 300 All the Talents, Government of, 2, 49–52, Baring, Sir Evelyn, 332 64, 72, 88, 94, 109, 152–3, 202, Basevi, Maria, 267 235, 248 Bath, Marquess of, 181 Alsace-Lorraine, 301 Bathurst, Earl, 250 Althorp, Lord, 3rd , 129–30, Beaconsfield, Viscount, see Disraeli, 155, 161, 173, 206–7, 248 Benjamin American War of Independence, 8, 14, 44, Beaconsfield, Viscountess, see Lewis, 60, 61, 249 Mary Anne

343 344 Index

Bedchamber affair, 193–4 Burdett, Sir Frances, 77, 91, 97, 188 Bedford, 5th Duke of, 201 Burdett-Coutts, Angela, 147 Bedford, 6th Duke of, 169, 201, 202, 207, Burghley, Lord, 311 209, 235 Burke, Edmund, 9, 18, 19, 62, 82, 101, Bedford, 7th Duke of, 201–2 102, 151, 288 Bedford, 13th Duke of, 209 Burke, T.H., 305 Belgian independence, 156, 252–3 Burrard, Sir Henry, 110–11 Belgian neutrality, 301 Bute, Lady, 59 Bellingham, John, 79 Bute, 3rd Earl of, 8, 58 Benn, Tony, 143n, 331 Butler, Bishop, 315 Bentham, Jeremy, 315 Byng, George, 59 Bentinck, Lord Edward, 57, 59 Byng, Georgiana Elizabeth, 201 Bentinck, Lord George, 197–8, 223–4, Byron, Lord, 117, 168, 170, 182, 204, 234, 276–7 241, 248, 267, 269, 272 Berlin, Congress of, 284–5, 318–19 Bessborough, Earl and Countess of, 121, Cambridge, Duke of, 260 167, 168 Camden, Earl, 41, 65, 71, 111–12 Bill of Pains and Penalties, 94 Camelford, 1st Lord, 46 Bill of Rights (1689), 58 Camelford, 2nd Lord, 47, 50 Bismarck, Otto von, 263, 284, 317–19, 321 Campbell, Lord, 219 Blücher, Marshal Gebhard Leberecht von, Campbell-Bannerman, Sir Henry, 216, 90–1, 139 307, 336–7 Boer War, 322, 336 Canada, 209, 293 Bonaparte, Joseph, 110 Canada Act (1791), 45 Bootle-Wilbraham, Emma, 218–19, 223 Canning, George, 1, 2, 23, 24, 25, 29, 33, Borrowes, William, 101 35, 49, 50, 61, 64–6, 72, 73, 75, 78, Bradford, Lady, 281–2 83–8, 89, 90, 95–9, 100–19, 123, Bragge, Charles, 33, 90 125, 127, 219, 239, 251, 252, 278, 287, Brand, Charlotte, 233 288, 308 Brand, Mrs, 257 Canning, George, the Elder, 101 Branden, Lord, 175 Canning, George Charles, 107, 114, 115 Bright, John, 178, 215, 258, 279, Canning, Stratford, 101 299, 305 Captain Swing riots, 146, 156, 172 Bristol, 4th Marquess of, 85 Cardwell, Edward, 299 Bromley, Dr, 247 Carlyle, Thomas, 138, 195 Brougham, Henry, 113, 156, 160, Carmarthen, Marquess of, see Leeds, 171, 174 Duke of Buccleuch, Duke of, 196, 223, 303 Carnarvon, Earl of, 230 Buckingham, 1st Duke of, 53, 54, 96, 172 Carnot, 21 Buckingham, 2nd Duke of, 194, 196 Caroline, Queen, 53, 72–3, 94–5, 106, Buckingham, 1st Marquess of, see Temple, 115, 154 Lord Cartwright, Dr Edmund, 202 , 4th Earl of, 114, 124 Castlereagh, Lord, 4, 23, 34, 50, 63–6, 71, budget, Disraeli’s (1852), 294 72, 73, 75, 78, 86, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, budgets, Gladstone’s, 295 95, 108, 109, 111–16, 123–5, 127, Bulgarian massacres, 283, 303, 317, 138, 139–40, 186, 236, 237–8, 328 252, 313 Bulwer-Lytton, Sir Edward, 169, 206, Cathcart, Lord, 236 225, 271 Catherine the Great, 17, 48 Index 345

Catholic emancipation, 24, 25, 30, 37, 49, Codringon, Admiral Sir Edward, 128–9 51–2, 54, 58, 63–4, 70, 73–4, 79, 86, Coleridge, John, 315 89, 97, 107, 109, 116, 123, 128, 140, Compton, Catherine, 68 141, 143–5, 148, 152–3, 160, 171, 174, Compton, Charles, 71 175, 182, 184–5, 187–90, 192, 196, Concert of Europe, 17, 18, 91–2, 321 204, 220, 250 Conroy, Sir John, 176–7 Cato Street conspiracy, 93 Conservative Party, effective creation of, Cavendish, Anne, 238 174, 192, 221 Cavendish, Harriet, 235 Conspiracy to Murder Bill, 228, 261 Cavendish, Lady Dorothy (I), 57 Continental System, 110 Cavendish, Lady Dorothy (II), 58 Conyngham, Lady, 116 Cavendish, Lord Frederick, 305 Conyngham, Lord Francis, 116 Cavendish-Bentinck, Elizabeth, 56 Cook, Edward, 112 Cavendish-Holles-Harley, Margaret, 56, 59 Cope, Catherine, 82 Cavour, Count, 297 Cope, Charles Cecil, 82 Cecil, Lord Robert, 322–3 Cope, Charlotte, 82 Cecil, Robert, 1st Earl of Salisbury, 311 Cope, Sir Charles, 82 Chamberlain, Joseph, 304, 306, 320, Copenhagen, bombardment of, 110, 137 321–3, 329 Corn laws, 53, 119, 124, 127, 131, 146, Charleville, Earl of, 122 147, 178, 195, 209–11, 222–4, 226–7, Charlie, Bonnie Prince, 8, 234 240–1, 256, 276–7, 292–3 Charlotte, Princess, 156 Cornwall, Amarantha, 82 Charlotte, Queen, 78, 101 Cornwall, Charles Wolfram, 82 Chartists, 147, 195, 196 Cornwall, Elizabeth, 82 Chatham, 1st Earl of, see Pitt, William, Cornwallis, Marquess of, 63 the Elder Corporation Act, 15, 142, 146, 204 Chatham, 2nd Earl of, 7, 16, 35, 75, 77, Costello, Mary Ann, 101–2, 107 109, 112 Cowper, Lady Emily, see Palmerston, Lady Chesher, Mr, 114 Cowper, Lady ‘Minnie’, 205, 259 Chester, Mary, 96 Cowper, Lord, 171, 249, 253 Chesterfield, Lady, 282 Cranborne, Lord, 311–12, 314 Chichester, Earl of, 247 Creevey, Thomas, 113 Childers, Hugh, 304 Crewe, Lord, 334 Christian IX, King of Denmark, 263 Crimean War, 186, 213–14, 227, 242–3, Churchill, Lord Randolph, 307, 320–1, 259–61, 264, 295–6, 305, 318 326, 337 Croker, John Wilson, 126, 155 Churchill, Winston, 308, 327 Cross, R.A., 283 Cintra, Convention of, 110, 137 Cumberland, Duke of (Ernest Augustus), Clancarty, Earl of, 125 144 Clanricarde, Lady, 226 Cumberland, Duke of (William Clare, Lord, 202 Augustus), 57 Clarendon, Earl of, 241, 299 Curwen, J.C., 74 Clarke, Mary Anne, 75 Curzon, Lord, 323 classical studies, by Gladstone, 296, 303 Cyprus, 318–19 Clifford, Rear Admiral Augustus, 247 Clive, Robert, 82 Dalkeith, Earl of, 303 Cobbett, William, 160 Dalmeny, Lord, 326 Cobden, Richard, 96, 178, 258, 264, 297 Dalrymple, Sir Hew, 110–11 codification of Criminal Law, 187 death penalty, 187, 208 346 Index

Delane, John, 260 Dundas, Lady Jane, 106 Delicate Investigation, The, 72–3 Dundas, Robert, 76, 79 Denmark, 313 Dungannon, 1st Viscount, 133 Derby, 12th Earl, 218 Durazzo, Louise, 205 Derby, 13th Earl of, 218, 226 Durham, 1st Earl of, 155, 157–60, 171, Derby, 14th Earl of, 156, 160, 161, 174, 173, 174, 206, 209 191, 194, 195–6, 206–7, 213, 215–16, 217–31, 241, 243, 258–9, 261, 274, Eastern Question, 214, 234 276–80, 292, 294, 297–9, 302, 311, East India Company, 11, 41, 62, 105, 160, 312, 314–15 194, 228, 279 Derby, 15th Earl of, 219, 228–9, 280, 282, Ecclesiastical Titles Act (1850), 284, 304, 306, 317–18 212, 241 Despard, Colonel Edward, 72 Eden, Lady Eleanor, 22–3, 30 Devonshire, 4th Duke of, 57, 58 education, 208, 211–12, 241, 300 Devonshire, 5th Duke of, 57, 59 Education Act (1891), 320 Devonshire, 6th Duke of, 119 Edward, Duke of Kent, 176 Devonshire, 9th Duke of, 58 Egmont, 2nd Earl of, 68 Diana, Princess, 150 Egmont, 3rd Earl of, 68 Dickens, Charles, 204 Egremont, 3rd Earl of, 164–5 Dilke, Sir Charles, 329 Egypt, 304, 332–3 disestablishment of Church in Wales, 334 Eldon, Lord, 53, 76, 90, 92, 115, 118, 142, disestablishment of Church of 187, 189 Ireland, 300 electoral reform, see parliamentary Disraeli, Benjamin, Viscount reform Beaconsfield, 1, 2, 13, 98, 197–8, 216, Eliot, Edward, 22 218, 220, 223–31, 241, 246, 258–9, Ellenborough, Lord, 194, 223, 227 261, 266–85, 287, 288, 294, 297–8, Elliot, Lady Frances, 208 300, 301–2, 304–5, 309, 314–19, 323, Empress of India, 194, 283 328, 330 Engagement group, The, 291–2 D’Israeli, Isaac, 267, 269–70, 272, 277 Enniskillen, 124 Disraeli, Sarah, 270, 279 entente cordial, 240 Don Pacifico affair, 198, 212, 257–8 Ewart, Joseph, 17 Douglas, Lady Francis, 291 Exeter, Marquess of, 312 Douglas, Lord Alfred, 335 Drumlanrig, Viscount, 335 Factory Act (1833), 160 Drummond, Edward, 196 Fane, Lady Georgiana, 250 Drummond, William, 234 Farouk, King of Egypt, 255 Drury, Joseph, 68 Farquhar, Caroline, 291, 299 Drury, Mark, 182 Farren, Elizabeth, 218 Dudley, Earl of, 141, 143, 239 Fashoda incident, 321 duel (Canning-Castlereagh), 65–6, February revolution, 257 112–13, 127 Ferdinand VII, King of Spain, 117 duel (Pitt-Tierney), 23, 30, 72 Fitzgerald, William Vesey, 143, 189 duel (Wellington-Winchilsea), 145 Fitzpatrick, 203 Duncannon, Viscount, 173 Fitzwilliam, Earl, 63, 92 Dundas, General Sir David, 75, 89 Floyd, General Sir John, 186 Dundas, Henry, Lord Melville, 12, 15, 19, Floyd, Julia, 186 21, 22, 24, 25, 30, 33, 43, 45, 46, 48, Forster, W.E., 300 76, 79, 85, 86, 104, 105, 233, 235 Foster, Lady Elizabeth, 151 Index 347

Fox, Charles James, 6–17, 18, 19, 20, 21, Glenelg, Lord 178 24, 26, 34, 39, 40, 41, 42, 49–52, 54, Glorious Revolution (1688–9), 159 58, 60–2, 71, 72, 73, 81, 101, 102, 109, Gloucester, Duke of, 57 128, 150–1, 154, 165–6, 167, 176, 182, Glynne, Catherine, 291–3, 305 201, 218, 246 Glynne, Rev. Henry, 293 Fox, Henry, 205, 210, 242 Glynne, Sir Stephen, 291, 293 Fox, Henry, 1st Lord Holland, 11 Goderich, Viscount, 96, 99, 120–31, 140, Fox, Mary, 205 146, 154, 156, 161, 170, 187, 188, 194, France, disputes with, 195, 240, 254 204, 221–2, 233, 251, 291 Francis I, Austrian Emperor, 236 Godiva, Lady, 246 Franco-Prussian War, 301 gold standard, 185 Frederick, Duke of York, 21, 65, 75, 89, 97, Gordon, Alexander, 238, 240 118, 135, 140, 249, 251 Gordon, Alice, 239 Frederick VII, King of Denmark, 263 Gordon, Arthur, Lord Stanmore, 243–4 Frederick the Great, 21, 138 Gordon, Charles, 239–40 Frederick William III, King of , 236 Gordon, Duke of, 201 free trade, 14, 96, 124, 126, 195, 211, 224, Gordon, Frances, 239 227, 247, 295 Gordon, General Charles, 305 French Revolution, 17, 18, 59, 62, 83–4, Gordon, Lady Georgiana, 201, 235 103, 246 Gordon riots, 77 Goschen, George, 306 George I, 15, 39, 56, 58 Goulburn, Henry, 141, 194, 195 George II, 15, 26, 39, 58 Grafton, 3rd Duke of, 11, 57 George III, 2, 6, 9–16, 21, 23–4, 26, 30, Graham, Sir James, 161, 191, 194–6, 32–6, 39, 41–2, 45–6, 49–50, 57–66, 221–3, 241, 244, 297 73, 75–8, 80, 81, 86, 88, 90, 93, 94, Granby, Marquis of, 224 96, 97, 101, 105, 107, 109, 111–12, Grant, Charles, 141, 143, 189 152–3, 166, 167, 176, 202 Grantham, 2nd Baron, 121 George IV, 15, 45, 53–4, 61–2, 72–3, 75, Grantham, 3rd Baron, 121, 124 77, 89–90, 93, 94, 95, 97, 106, 115–19, Granville, Lord, 261–2, 299, 303, 304, 127–30, 140–5, 147, 151, 154, 156, 306, 330 164, 166, 167, 176, 186, 188, 189, 251 Grattan, Henry, 1 Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire, Grenville, George, 6, 39, 41, 47, 52, 60, 68 150–1, 155, 164, 167, 234 Grenville, Hester, 639 Gibbon, Edward, 246 Grenville, Tom, 40, 41, 47 Gladstone, Anne, 287 Grenville, William, Lord Grenville, 2, 12, Gladstone, Catherine, see Glynne, 18, 19, 21, 24, 25, 29, 30, 32–3, 34, 37, Catherine 38–54, 64, 72–4, 75–6, 79, 85, 86, 88, Gladstone, Gladstones, John, 113, 287, 89, 93, 94, 95, 104–5, 109, 122, 137, 290, 293–4 152–4, 167, 202 Gladstone, Helen, 294 Greville, Charles, 61, 146, 173, 177, 273 Gladstone, Herbert, 292, 306 Grey, 1st Earl, 109, 150, 152 Gladstone, Mary, 293 Grey, 3rd Earl, 155, 161, 178, 210, 256 Gladstone, Rev. Stephen, 292 Grey, Charles, 2nd Earl, 18, 50, 52, 53, 73, Gladstone, William Ewart, 1, 2, 13, 96, 75–7, 80, 81, 89, 102, 109, 118, 127, 131, 194, 197, 216, 222, 225–8, 231, 130, 141, 146, 147, 149–62, 170, 171, 241, 244, 258, 260, 262, 265, 267, 173, 174, 190–1, 203, 205–7, 210–11, 277–9, 281–4, 286–309, 311, 316–17, 216, 219, 221, 251, 253, 311 319, 323, 327–34, 336 Grey, Elizabeth, 150 348 Index

Grey, General Charles, 299 Holy Alliance, the, 92, 116, 140, 187, 252–3 Grey, Henry, 150 homosexuality, 23, 95, 106, 335–6 Grey, Sir Edward, 332, 336 Hong Kong, 222, 240, 255 Grey, Sir George, 210, 241 Hornby, Charlotte, 218 Grey, Sir Henry, 150, 152 Hugo, Victor, 274 Guerdon, Bertrand de, 233 Hume, David, 165 Guizot, François, 178, 240, 255, 274 Hungarian revolution (1848), 242, 257 Hunn, Richard, 101, 107 Habeus Corpus, 20, 48, 92, 152 Hunt, George Ward, 281 Haddo, Lord, 233 Hunt, Henry ‘Orator’, 160, 219 Haldane, R.B., 336 Huntingford, Rev. George, 29–30 Hallam, Arthur, 288 Huskisson, William, 23, 96, 124, 126, Hamilton, Lady Catherine, 235, 236 128, 129, 141–3, 145, 171, 187 Hamilton, Lady Emma, 246 Hamilton, Lady Harriet, 238–9 Ibrahim Pasha, 128, 254 Hamilton, Lady Maria, 236–8 Ignatiev, General, 317–18 Hamilton, Lord James, 238 , 22, 34, 36, 93, 128, 195, 295, Hamilton, Sir William, 246 302 Hammond, Ursula Mary, 30 India Act, 228, 279 Hampden, Dr R.D., 212 Indian mutiny, 214, 279 Harcourt, Lewis ‘Loulou’, 333 Ionian Islands, 296–7 Harcourt, Sir William, 304, 307–8, 329, Irish Church Bill, 300 332–6 Irish Coercion Bill, 210, 223 Hardinge, Sir Henry, 143, 195 Irish famine, 196, 198, 209, 211, 222 Hardwicke, 2nd Earl of, 121 Irish grievances, 160, 184–5, 204, 206–7, Hardwicke, 3rd Earl of, 121–3 220, 300, 305 Hardy, Sir Thomas, 205 Irish Home Rule, 299, 305–9, 320, 323, Hardy, Thomas, 18 329, 331, 333–5 Harley, Robert, Earl of Oxford, 56 Irish Land Act, 300, 305 Harrowby, Lord, see Ryder, Dudley Irish Nationalists, 331 Hartington, Marquess of, 299, 303, 304, Irish peerages, 4, 133, 164, 170, 246 306, 320, 329 Irish Universities Bill, 302 Hastings, Lady Flora, 177 Irwin, Viscountess, 248 Hastings, Lord, 115, 177 Isabella, Regent of Portugal, 118 Hastings, Warren, 70 Isabella II, Queen of Spain, 195, 253 Health and Morals of Apprentices Act Ismail, Khedive of Egypt, 283 (1802), 183 Italian unification, 262, 297 Heath, Edward, 162 Heligoland, 321 Jackson, Dr Cyril, 102, 182 Herbert, Sidney, 297 Jacobinism, 20, 155 Herries, John Charles, 128–30, 224, 226 Jacobitism, 8 Hervey, Lady Louisa, 85, 96 Jay, John, 47–8 Hicks-Beach, Sir Michael, 320 Jay Treaty, 47–8 Hill, Anne, 133 Jenkinson, Anthony, 82 Hill, Lord, 129 Jenkinson, Charles, see Liverpool, Hobart, Lady Sarah, 124–7, 129 1st Earl of Holland, 3rd Lord, 128–9, 151, 153, 169, Jenkinson, Robert Banks, see Liverpool, 173, 174, 175, 178, 182, 202, 203 2nd Earl of Holland, Lady, 164, 168, 175, 202, 205, 234 Jersey, Lady, 249–50 Index 349

Jews, admission to Parliament, 212, 228, Lincoln, Abraham, 288 241, 268, 278 Lincoln, Earl of (5th Duke of Newcastle), John IV, King of Portugal, 110, 114, 117 224, 227, 260, 276, 288, 290, 296, 297 Johnson, Sir Harry, 322 Lindsay, Lady Charlotte, 126 Johnson, William, 326 Liverpool, 1st Earl of, 82, 85–7, 102 Jones, George, 148 Liverpool, 2nd Earl of, 2, 23, 33, 37, 45, , 138 50, 53, 64, 68, 72, 73, 75, 76, 79, July Revolution, 190 81–99, 102, 103, 108, 109, 113–18, Junot, Marshal, 110, 137 123–7, 139, 140, 141, 142, 154, 156, 170, 176, 182, 183, 186–8, 238, 239, Keble, John, 289 249, 250–1 Kimberley, Earl of, 306, 330, 334 Lloyd George, David, 216, 295, 337 Kinnaird, Lord, 166 , Treaty of (1839), 253 Knatchbull, Sir Edward, 194 London Correspondence Society, 18, 20 Knighton, Sir William, 130 London County Council, 331 Londonderry, 3rd Marquess of, 127 Labouchere, Henry, 272, 300 Longford, 2nd Earl of, 134 Lamb, Augustus, 175 Longford, 3rd Earl of, 134–5 Lamb, Emily, see Palmerston, Lady Lopez, Sir Manasseh, 190 Lamb, Frederick, 164–5, 179 Loughborough, Lord, 19, 24, 30, 33, 62 Lamb, George, 164, 179 Louis XVI, 18, 246 Lamb, Lady Caroline, 166–70, 179 Louise-Marie, Queen of Belgium, Lamb, Peniston, 164–6 156, 253 Lansdowne, 3rd Marquess of, 50, 118, Louis-Philippe, 156, 195, 240, 252, 255, 129, 154, 155, 174, 210, 211, 213, 274–5 248–9, 251 Lowe, Robert, 299 Lansdowne, 5th Marquess of, 322 Lowther, Sir James, 8, 59, 83 Latin America, 117, 140, 187 Lucia, Spanish Princess, 195, 240 Law, Andrew Bonar, 121 Luddite movement, 92 Lawrence, Elizabeth Sophia, 122–3 Lyndhurst, Lord, 119, 271–2 Leeds, Duke of, 17, 18, 46 Leigh, Elizabeth, 101, 106 Macaulay, Thomas Babington, 178, 290 Leigh, Rev. William, 101 MacDonald, James Ramsay, 164, 321 Leipzig, Battle of, 237 Macmillan, Harold, 58 Lennox, Lord Henry, 225, 268–9 Mahdi, The, 305 Leopold, Prince of Coburg, 240 Malmesbury, 1st Earl of, 105, 121–3, Leopold I, King of the Belgians, 156, 176, 247–9 253 Malmesbury, 2nd Earl of, 226, 230 Leopold II, King of the Belgians, 334 Manners, Lord John, 275 Leveson-Gower, Lord Granville, 79, 86, Manning, Henry, 289, 301 102, 113 Maratha confederacy, 136 Lewis, George Cornewall, 297 Maria Gloria, Queen of Portugal, 117–18, Lewis, Mary Anne, 273–4, 277, 281–2 251, 253 Lewis, Wyndham, 273 Marie Antoinette, 246 Liberal Party, formation of, 229, 261, 297 Matrimonial Causes Act (1857), 262 Licensing Bill, 303 Maurice, F.D., 289 Liddell, Anne, 57–8 Maynooth College, 292 Lieven, Princess, 116, 141, 151, 155, Mehemet Ali, 178, 254–5 249, 251 Melbourne, 1st Viscount, 164, 171 350 Index

Melbourne, 2nd Viscount, 1, 2, 80, 143, Neville, Richard Aldworth, 40 147, 155–6, 158, 161, 163–79, 191, Newcastle, 4th Duke of, 57, 58, 172, 224, 192, 193, 194, 207–9, 211, 212, 220–1, 290, 293 249, 253–7, 260, 274, 311 Newman, John Henry, 289 Melbourne, Lady, 164, 166, 168, 170 New Zealand, 293 Menshikov, Prince Alexander, 214 Nicholas I, Tsar, 214, 242, 261 Mereduth, William, 270 Nightingale, Florence, 260 Metropolitan Police Force, 146, 185, 187 Nootka Sound dispute, 17 Metternich, Prince Clemens Norfolk, Duke of, 248 Lothar, 116 Normanby, Lord, 209 Midlothian campaign, 328–9 North, Lord, 4, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 40, 41, Miguel, Usurper of Portugal, 118 42, 59, 60–2, 82, 126 Militia Bill, 213, 258 , Earl of, 69 Mill, John Stuart, 291 Northcote, Sir Stafford, 282, 319 Millar, Professor John, 165 Northcote-Trevelyan Report, 296 Milner, Lord, 322 Northumberland, Duke of, 153 Minto, Earl of, 166, 208, 210 Norton, Caroline, 176 Moira, Lord, later Marquess of Hastings, Norton, George, 176 89–90, 114–15 Montpensier, Due de, 195 Ochakov (Odessa), 17, 46 Moore, Sir John, 111, 137 O’Connell, Daniel, 97, 143, 145, 160, 161, Moore, Thomas, 170, 204 170, 175, 184–5, 189, 191, 209, 220, Morley, John, 292, 307, 332–3 221, 272–3, 277 Mornington, 1st Earl of, 133 O’Connell, Morgan, 272 Mornington, 2nd Earl of, see Wellesley, O’Kane, Mr, 262 Marquess Omdurman, Battle of, 322 Morton, Earl, 291 Onslow, Arthur, 30 Moscow, retreat from, 90 Opium War, 1st, 222, 240, 254–5 Mulgrave, Lord, 87, 108, 140 Opium War, 2nd, 261 Municipal Corporations Act (1835), Orange, Prince of, 17–18, 44, 141 175, 193 Oregon Treaty, 195 Murray, Emma, 249 Orsini plot, 214, 228, 279 Murray, John, 267, 269–70 O’Shea, Captain W.H., 307 Murray, John Temple, 249 O’Shea, Kitty, 307 Murray, Sir George, 143 Ossory, Earl of, 58

Nanking, Treaty of, 255 Paine, Thomas, 18, 70 Naples, 293 Pains and Penalties, Bill of, 154 I, 21, 24, 25, 33, 49, 51, 65, 72, Pakenham, Lady Kitty, 134–6, 138, 147 74, 90, 91, 109, 110, 121, 123, 133, Pakington, Sir John, 226 135, 137, 138, 139, 154, 167, 203, 234, Palmerston, 2nd Viscount, 246–7 236–7, 337 Palmerston, 3rd Viscount, 1, 2, 4, 76, 106, Napoleon III, 213, 228, 257–8, 261–2, 118, 123, 141–3, 155–6, 158, 171, 172, 264, 279, 297 174, 178, 194, 196, 201, 210, 211, 212, National Gallery, 186 214, 225–8, 233, 235, 237, 240–3, naval disarmament, 334 245–65, 279–80, 283, 294, 296, Navarino, Battle of, 128–9, 239 297–8, 313 Nelson, Admiral Lord, 35, 36, 108, 246 Palmerston, Lady (Emily), 164, 171, 178, Nemours, Duc de, 156, 252 179, 240, 249–50, 253, 260, 262 Index 351

Palmerston, Lady (Mary), 246–7 198, 206, 233, 235, 239, 246, 247–8, paper duties, abolition of, 298 295, 313, 337 parliamentary reform, 14, 18, 20, 58, 60, Place, Francis, 160, 172 74, 92, 97, 113, 118, 141, 142, 145–8, Planta, Joseph, 142 151–2, 154, 156–60, 175, 203–4, 212, Playfair, Professor, 202 214–16, 228–31, 241–2, 244, 251–2, pocket boroughs, 2, 60, 113, 123, 151, 259, 279–80, 297–8 155, 166, 169, 170, 183, 190, 204, Parnell, Charles Stewart, 305, 206, 218, 219, 220, 248, 252, 290, 312 307, 331 Poland, 21, 91 Paul, Tsar of Russia, 48, 87 Ponsonby, Lady Caroline, see Lamb, Lady Pedro, Dom, Emperor of Brazil, 117 Caroline Peel, Edmund, 181 Ponsonby, Lord, 116 Peel, General Jonathan, 224, 228, 230, Ponsonby, Mary Elizabeth, 151 264 Poor Law Act (1834), 160 Peel, Robert ‘Parsley’, 181 Portland, 2nd Duke, 56 Peel, Sir Robert, 1, 2, 61, 80, 95, 97–8, Portland, 3rd Duke of, 2, 8, 10, 13, 15, 123, 131, 141–3, 145–7, 159, 161, 174, 18, 19, 20, 41, 42, 48, 49, 53, 55–66, 175, 177, 180–99, 207, 209–10, 221–4, 71–5, 79, 88, 109–12, 122–3, 137, 141, 240, 256, 258, 274, 276, 277, 290, 151, 153, 167, 235, 248–9 291–2, 295, 303 Portland, 4th Duke of, 66, 106–7 Peel, Sir Robert, the Elder, 72, 181–2, 190, Portland, 5th Duke of, 277 287 Powles, Mr, 269 Peel, William, 181, 182 Pretyman, Rev. George, 6, 7 Peking, Anglo-French attack on, 262 Prince Regent, see George IV Peltier, Jean, 72 prostitutes, 292, 302 Peninsular War, 65, 74, 88–9, 90, 110, 137, Pusey, Edward, 289 139, 183 Perceval, Spencer, 1, 23, 33, 37, 50, 53, Queensbery, 5th Marquess of, 335–6 64–6, 67–80, 82, 88, 90, 93, 109, 112, 122, 123, 154, 167, 168, 183, Railways Act, 291 249, 250 rank-order of Prime Ministers, 3 Percy, Lord, 153 Rawdon, Elizabeth, 205 Percy, Lord Algernon, 150 Reddish, Samuel, 101 , 37, 92 Reform Act (1832), 2, 15, 37, 147, 150, Petty, Lord Henry, see Lansdowne, 3rd 157–60, 171–2, 174, 190–1, 192, Marquess of 205–6, 212, 219, 220, 230, 251–2, Pignerolle, Marcel de, 134 271, 290, 314–15 Pitt, Anne, 46, 52 Reform Act (1867), 3, 216, 230–1, 280–2, Pitt, James, 22 285, 299, 304, 314–16 Pitt, John, see Chatham, 2nd Earl of Reform Act (1884), 3, 30, 314–16, 319 Pitt, Thomas, 6 Regency crisis, 16, 44, 62 Pitt, William, the Elder, 1st Earl of Registration of Births, Deaths and Chatham, 6–7, 9, 20–1, 26, 29, 39, 60, Marriages Bill, 175 61, 150, 288, 337 Rhodes, Cecil, 321 Pitt, William, the Younger, 1, 2, 5–27, Ribblesdale, Lady Adelaide, 207–8 29, 30, 33–7, 39, 40, 42, 44–5, 52, 54, Ricardo, David, 125 61–4, 70, 71, 72, 79, 80, 82, 84–8, 91, Richmond, 3rd Duke of, 60 92, 93, 96, 102–8, 113, 134, 137, 146, Richmond, 5th Duke of, 155, 161, 150, 151–2, 158, 176, 181, 182, 183, 171, 221 352 Index

Ripley, James, 124 Scottish peerages, 4, 235 Ripon, Earl of, see Goderich, Viscount Seaton, James, 30 Ritchie, C.T., 320 Sebastopol, Fall of, 260–1 Roberts, General Lord, 322 Secret Ballot, 178, 300 Roberts, William, 70 Seditious Meetings Act (1796), 20, 48 Robinson, Anne Mackenzie, 287, 294 Seven Years’ War, 6, 20 Robinson, Eleanor, 127 Shaftesbury, Earl of, 195, 205, 259–60 Robinson, Frederick John, see Goderich, Shea, R.L., 273 Viscount Shelburne, 2nd Earl of, 8, 9, 10, 40, 41, 61, Robinson, George Frederick Samuel, 127 102, 118 Rockingham, 2nd Marquess of, 8, 9, 40, Shelley, Lady, 139 57, 59, 68 Sheridan, Hecca, 151 Roebuck, John Arthur, 243 Sheridan, Richard, 16, 46, 101, 102, 104, Romilly, Sir Samuel, 69 151, 164, 170, 176 Roosevelt, Theodore, 313 Sidmouth, Viscount, see Addington, Rose, George, 33 Henry Rosebery, 4th Earl of, 327 sinking fund, 14 Rosebery, 5th Earl of, 2, 233, 303, 306–8, Skelmdersdale, 1st Lord, 218 318, 325–38 slavery, abolition of, 13, 15, 30, 52, 54, Rothschild, Hannah de, 328, 331 58, 70, 84, 117, 152, 160, 220, 235, rotten boroughs, 2, 14, 108, 113, 122, 256, 290 123, 151, 155, 203, 206, 290 Smiles, Samuel, 287 Rush, Richard, 125 Smith, Adam, 125, 165, 247 Russell, Bertrand, 216 Smith, Robert, 133 Russell, Lord John, 1st , 1, 2, Smith, Sydney, 207 4, 97, 142, 156–61, 173, 174, 178, 179, Smith, W.H., 320 196–8, 200–16, 219, 223–5, 226–8, Smythe, Sydney, 275 241, 243, 256–8, 259–62, 278–9, 290, Soult, Marshal, 139 294, 297–9, 313 Spanish marriages affair, 240 Russell, Lord William, 201–2, 205 Spencer, 1st Earl, 150 Russell, W.H., 243 Spencer, 2nd Earl, 33, 50, 86, 173, 207 Ryder, Dudley, 68, 72, 76, 87, 88, 93, 108, Spencer, 5th Earl, 307–8 130, 238 Spring-Rice, Thomas, 174 Ryder, Richard, 76, 88 Stafford, Marquess of, 102 Ryder, Susan, 238 Stanhope, Earl of, 135 Stanhope, Lady Hester, 23 Sadowa, Battle of, 263 Stanhope, Lady Wilhelmina, later St. Helena, 91 Duchess of Cleveland, 326 Salisbury, 2nd Marquess of, 311–14 Stanley, James, 218 Salisbury, 3rd Marquess of, 229–31, 278, Stanley, Lady Venetia, 302 280–5, 304, 306–8, 310–24, 329–31, Stewart, Dugald, 247 333, 336 Stewart, Sir Charles, 236 Salisbury, Lady (later Countess of Derby), Suez Canal, 283, 305 147, 192, 317 Sydenham, Lord, 209 San Stefano, Treatry of, 284, 318–19 Sydney, Lord, 56, 59 Schleswig-Holstein dispute, 262–3, 313 Sykes, Lady Henrietta, 271 Scott, General John, 106 Scott, Joan, 106–7, 114–15 Talleyrand, Charles Maurice, de, 86, 253–4 Scott, Sir Walter, 204, 267, 269 Tamworth manifesto, 192 Index 353

Temple, Henry John, see Palmerston, 3rd Walcheren expedition, 65, 74–7, Viscount 111–12 Temple, Lord, 1st Marquess of Waldegrave, Earl of, 57 Buckingham, 11, 39–42, 46, 50, 52, Walewski, Count, 274 62, 134 Walpole, Horace, 57, 59, 60 Temple, William, 258 Walpole, Maria, 57 ten-hour day campaign, 195 Walpole, Sir Edward, 57 Tennyson, Alfred, Lord, 288 Walpole, Sir Robert, 6 Test Act, 15, 104, 142, 146, 204 , 125 Thanet, Lord, 153 Warren, Dr, 15 Thatcher, Margaret, 285 Waterloo, Battle of, 25, 91, 138, 144, Thiers, Adolphe, 178, 255 185, 240 Thistlethwayte, Laura, 302 Watts, Amelia, 82 Thistlewood, Arthur, 93 Webb, Sidney, 331 Thurlow, Lord, 11, 12, 16, 19, 62, 82 Weber, Max, 304 Tierney, George, 23, 30, 34, 72, 96 Webster, Daniel, 219 Tilsit, Treaty of, 110 Webster, Harry, 168 tithes, 161, 170, 193, 206–8, 221, 290 Webster, Sir Godfrey, 168 Tocqueville, Alexis de, 274 Webster-Ashburton Treaty, 222 Tolpuddle Martyrs, 173 Wellesley, Henry, 133, 136 Tone, Wolfe, 63 Wellesley, Marquess, 29, 47, 65, 76, 78, 85, Tooke, John Horne, 20, 70 88, 89, 129, 133, 134, 136, 142, 171, Torrington, 4th Viscount, 201 188, 220 trade unions, 172–3, 283 Wellesley, Rev. Gerald, 133, 136 Trafalgar, Battle of, 25, 50, 108 Wellesley, William, 147 Treasonable Practices Act (1796), Wellesley-Pole, William, 142 20, 48 Wellington, 1st Duke of, 1, 29, 54, 65, 76, Trent, 262–3 89, 90–1, 95, 110–11, 116, 118, 127, Trevelyan, Sir George, 306 129–30, 132–48, 154–5, 157, 159, 161, Triple Alliance, 17 170, 171, 172, 174, 175, 183, 186–92, two nations, 275, 285 193, 194, 196, 204, 222, 223, 226, Two Power Naval Standard, 321 237, 238, 239, 240, 243, 251, 268 Uganda, 332 Wesley (Wellesley), Arthur, see Ulm, Battle of, 25, 108 Wellington, 1st Duke of US Civil War, 229, 262, 301 Wesley, Charles, 136 Utrecht, Treaty of, 158 Wesley, John, 136 Weymouth, Viscount, 56, 59, 157 Vane, Lord Henry, Duke of Cleveland, Wilberforce, William, 7, 15, 21, 22, 52, 70, 182, 326 75, 84 Vansittart, Nicholas, 90, 126 Wilde, Oscar, 335–6 Vernon, Lady Elizabeth, 205 William I, Emperor of Germany, 317 Victoria, Duchess of Kent, 176 William III, 58, 59 Victoria, Queen, 26, 165, 176, 193–4, 196, William IV, 2, 145–7, 154, 157–9, 161, 164, 210, 212–13, 227, 240, 256, 257–61, 173–4, 176, 177, 190, 191, 192, 206–7, 263, 275, 279, 280–5, 301, 303, 306, 219, 221, 254, 272 308, 322, 330–1, 333, 335 Williams, Mrs Brydges, 277 Vienna, Congress of, 17, 90–2, 113, 138, Wilmington, 1st Earl of, 68 156, 238, 317 Wilson, Harriette, 138 354 Index

Wilson, Jane, 69 Wyndham, Elizabeth, 39 Wilson, Margaretta, 69 Wynn, Charles, 95 Wilson, Sir Thomas, 69 Winchilsea, Earl of, 145 Yates, Ellen, 181 Windham, William, 33, 50, 86 year of revolutions (1848), 147, 257 Wolfe, Charles, 111 Yorke, Charles, 123 Wood, Sir Charles, 210 Yorke, Lady Mary Jemina Grey, 121 Worsley, Sir Richard, 104 Young , 275 Wraxall, Sir Nathaniel, 22 Wright, Captain Peter, 292 Zululand, 284