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Latin Literature Final 1.10.2004 3:19Am Page Iii Harrison / Companion to Latin Literature Final 1.10.2004 3:19am page iii A COMPANION TO LATIN LITERATURE Edited by Stephen Harrison Harrison / Companion to Latin Literature Final 1.10.2004 4:05am page 14 Harrison / Companion to Latin Literature Final 1.10.2004 3:19am page i A COMPANION TO LATIN LITERATURE Harrison / Companion to Latin Literature Final 1.10.2004 3:19am page ii BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO THE ANCIENT WORLD This series provides sophisticated and authoritative overviews of periods of ancient history, genres of classical literature, and the most important themes in ancient culture. Each volume comprises between twenty-five and forty concise essays written by individual scholars within their area of specialization. The essays are written in a clear, provocative and lively manner, designed for an international audience of scholars, students and general readers. ANCIENT HISTORY LITERATURE AND CULTURE Published Published A Companion to the Ancient Near East A Companion to Latin Literature Edited by Daniel C. Snell Edited by Stephen Harrison A Companion to the Hellenistic World In preparation Edited by Andrew Erskine A Companion to Ancient Epic In preparation Edited by John Miles Foley A Companion to the Archaic Greek World A Companion to Greek Tragedy Edited by Kurt A. Raaflaub and Edited by Justina Gregory Hans van Wees A Companion to Classical Mythology A Companion to the Classical Greek World Edited by Ken Dowden Edited by Konrad Kinzl A Companion to Greek and Roman A Companion to the Roman Republic Historiography Edited by Nathan Rosenstein and Edited by John Marincola Robert Morstein-Marx A Companion to Greek Religion A Companion to the Roman Empire Edited by Daniel Ogden Edited by David Potter A Companion to Greek Rhetoric A Companion to the Roman Army Edited by Ian Worthington Edited by Paul Erdkamp A Companion to Roman Rhetoric A Companion to Late Antiquity Edited by William J. Dominik and Edited by Philip Rousseau Jonathan Hall A Companion to Byzantium A Companion to Classical Tradition Edited by Elizabeth James Edited by Craig Kallendorf A Companion to Roman Religion Edited by Jo¨rg Ru¨pke Harrison / Companion to Latin Literature Final 1.10.2004 3:19am page iii A COMPANION TO LATIN LITERATURE Edited by Stephen Harrison Harrison / Companion to Latin Literature Final 1.10.2004 3:19am page iv # 2005 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd BLACKWELL PUBLISHING 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK 550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia The right of Stephen Harrison to be identified as the Author of the Editorial Material in this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. First published 2005 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A companion to Latin literature / edited by Stephen Harrison. p. cm. — (Blackwell companions to the ancient world. Ancient history) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-631-23529-9 (alk. paper) 1. Latin literature—History and criticism—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Latin literature—Themes, motives—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 3. Authors, Latin—Biography—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 4. Rome—Intellectual life—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 5. Rome—In literature—Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Harrison, S. J. II. Series. PA6004.C66 2004 870.9’001—dc22 2004005855 A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library. Set in 10.5/13 Galliard by Kolam Information Services Pvt. Ltd, Pondicherry, India Printed and bound in the United Kingdom by TJ International, Padstow, Cornwall The publisher’s policy is to use permanent paper from mills that operate a sustainable forestry policy, and which has been manufactured from pulp processed using acid-free and elementary chlorine-free practices. Furthermore, the publisher ensures that the text paper and cover board used have met acceptable environmental accreditation standards. For further information on Blackwell Publishing, visit our website: www.blackwellpublishing.com Harrison / Companion to Latin Literature Final 1.10.2004 3:19am page v Contents List of Figures viii Chronological Table ix Notes on Contributors xii Preface xvi Reference Works: Abbreviations xvii Introduction: Constructing Latin Literature 1 Stephen Harrison PART IPERIODS 13 1 The Early Republic: the Beginnings to 90 BC 15 Sander M. Goldberg 2 The Late Republican/Triumviral Period: 90–40 BC 31 D. S. Levene 3 The Augustan Period: 40 BC–AD 14 44 Joseph Farrell 4 The Early Empire: AD 14–68 58 Roland Mayer 5 The High Empire: AD 69–200 69 Bruce Gibson Harrison / Companion to Latin Literature Final 1.10.2004 3:19am page vi vi Contents PART II GENRES 81 6 Narrative Epic 83 Philip Hardie 7 Didactic Epic 101 Monica Gale 8 Roman Tragedy 116 Elaine Fantham 9 Comedy, Atellane Farce and Mime 130 Costas Panayotakis 10 Pastoral 148 Stephen Heyworth 11 Love Elegy 159 Roy Gibson 12 Satire 174 Llewelyn Morgan 13 Lyric and Iambic 189 Stephen Harrison 14 Epigram 201 Lindsay C. Watson 15 The Novel 213 Stephen Harrison 16 Dialogues and Treatises 223 J. G. F. Powell 17 Historiography and Biography 241 Christina Shuttleworth Kraus 18 Oratory 257 D. H. Berry 19 Epistolography 270 Catharine Edwards PART III THEMES 285 20 Decline and Nostalgia 287 Stephen Harrison Harrison / Companion to Latin Literature Final 1.10.2004 3:19am page vii Contents vii 21 Art and Text 300 Jas´ Elsner 22 The Passions 319 Robert A. Kaster 23 Sex and Gender 331 A. M. Keith 24 Friendship and Patronage 345 David Konstan 25 Romans and Others 360 Yasmin Syed 26 Marriage and Family 372 Susan Treggiari 27 Slavery and Class 385 Thomas Habinek 28 Centre and Periphery 394 Alessandro Barchiesi Bibliography 406 Index 444 Harrison / Companion to Latin Literature Final 1.10.2004 3:19am page viii Figures 21.1 Funerary altar of Aulus Servilius Paulianus and Aulus Servilius Paulinus 301 21.2 Cinerary grave altar of T. Statilius Aper and Orchivia Anthis 304 21.3 The sarcophagus of Junius Bassus from Rome 306 21.4 Detail of the fragment of the poetic inscription from the lid of the Bassus sarcophagus 307 21.5 Illustrated fragment from a small-format or ‘pocket’ papyrus book-roll 308 21.6 The Roman Vergil 310 21.7 The Vatican Vergil 311 Harrison / Companion to Latin Literature Final 1.10.2004 3:19am page ix Chronological Table of Important Dates in Latin Literature and History to AD 200 Full descriptions of the works of authors referred to here only by name are to be found in the ‘General Resources and Author Bibliographies’ section in the introduction (pp. 3–12). Dates given are usually consistent with the information in the Oxford Classical Dictionary (1996). ‘Caesar’ is the term used for the future Augustus between his adoption in Julius Caesar’s will (44) and his assumption of the name ‘Augustus’ in 27, rather than ‘Octavian’, a name he never used. Full accounts of the historical periods covered here are to be found in volumes 8–11 of the Cambridge Ancient History (1989–2000). The Early Republican period (beginnings to 90 BC) Key literary events Key historical events c. 240–after Livius Andronicus active 264–41 First Punic War (Rome wins) 207 BC as poet/dramatist 218–201 Second Punic War (Rome wins) c. 235–204 Naevius active as poet/ 200–146 Rome conquers Greece; Greek dramatist cultural influence on Rome c. 205–184 Plautus active as dramatist 149–146 Third and final Punic War (Rome conquers Carthage) 204–169 Ennius active as poet/dramatist ?200 Fabius Pictor’s first history 122–106 War against Jugurtha in North of Rome (in Greek) Africa (Rome wins) c. 190–149 Literary career of Cato 91–88 Social War in Italy (over issue 166–159 Plays of Terence produced of full Roman citizenship for 125–100 Lucilius active as satirist Latin communities) Harrison / Companion to Latin Literature Final 1.10.2004 3:19am page x x Chronological Table of Important Dates in Latin Literature and History The late Republican/Triumviral period (90–40 BC) Key literary events Key historical events 81 BC Cicero’s first preserved speech 88–80 Civil wars between Sulla and (Pro Quinctio); literary career Marius; dictatorship of Sulla continues until death 73–1 Revolt of Spartacus in 43 BC 58–49 Julius Caesar’s Gallic campaigns 49–45 Civil War between Julius Caesar and Pompey 50s BC Poetry of Lucretius and Catullus; 44 Assassination of Julius Caesar Caesar’s Gallic Wars 43 Caesar becomes consul 40s BC Work of Sallust (dies c. 35); Gallus 43–40 Sporadic civil war in Italy begins poetical career 42 Defeat of Julius Caesar’s assassins at Philippi The Augustan period (40 BC–14 AD) Key literary events Key historical events ?38 BC Virgil’s Eclogues published 38–36 Renewed civil war against S. Pompey 35 BC Horace, Satires 1 published 32–30 Caesar fights and defeats Antony and 30 BC Horace, Satires 2 and Epodes Cleopatra at Actium and Alexandria published 29 Triple triumph of Caesar 30s–AD 17 Livy’s history published 27 ‘Restoration of republic’: Caesar 29 BC Virgil, Georgics published assumes title of ‘Augustus’ 20s BC Earliest elegies of Propertius, 18–17 Moral legislation of Augustus Tibullus and (later) Ovid 17 Augustus celebrates Saecular Games published 12 Augustus becomes pontifex ?23 BC Horace, Odes 1–3 published maximus (head of state religion) ?19 BC Deaths of Virgil and AD 4 Tiberius becomes final heir Tibullus of Augustus ?16 BC Propertius, Book 4 published AD14 Death of Augustus, succession of Tiberius 13 BC Horace, Odes 4 published 8 BC Death of Horace AD 8 Ovid banished to Romania Before and after AD 14 Manilius active Harrison / Companion to Latin Literature Final 1.10.2004 3:19am page xi Chronological Table of Important Dates in Latin Literature and History xi The early Empire (14–68 AD) Key literary events Key historical events AD 17 Deaths of Ovid and Livy AD 37 Death of Tiberius; accession of 20s/30s Phaedrus and Velleius active Gaius (Caligula) c.
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