1 APPENDICE II Decreti Capitolari

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1 APPENDICE II Decreti Capitolari APPENDICE II Decreti capitolari 1 Introduzione In questa seconda Appendice figurano, trascritti in forma diplomatica (per i secoli XVI–XVIII) e semidiplomatica (per il periodo successivo) le delibere e i decreti del Capitolo della Basilica di San Pietro riguardanti la Cappella Giulia, a partire dal 1512 fino al 1979. Il Capitolo vaticano1, composto da membri appartenenti alla gerarchia ecclesiastica, operava nella Sede di Pietro fin dall’XI secolo sovrintendendo alla vita liturgica della Basilica. Durante periodiche adunanze che si tenevano in apposita aula capitolare i prelati membri del Capitolo (monsignori, vescovi, arcivescovi e patriarchi, nonché nunzi apostolici) decidevano della vita liturgica, istituzionale ed amministrativa della Basilica nonché della Comunità che serviva il Tempio, della Sacrestia e della Cappella musicale. Le decisioni, le delibere e i »decreti« che scaturivano dalle adunanze venivano puntualmente registrati cronologicamente in un apposito quaderno da uno dei membri del Capitolo con funzioni di segretario. La serie di questi quaderni o Libri decretorum (antesignani degli odierni ‘libri verbali’) rappresentano oggi la fonte più diretta e autorevole per seguire, mese per mese, la vita di tutti gli Istituti operanti all’interno di San Pietro, fra cui – nel nostro caso – l’attività istituzionale e musicale della Cappella Giulia, la presenza della musica sacra e dei relativi operatori, e – infine – la relativa legislazione. Ed è proprio attraverso lo spoglio analitico di tali Libri che sono stati selezionati i documenti (delibere e decreti) che hanno come oggetto la vita della musicale della Cappella Giulia e della Basilica, scritture che qui vengono pubblicate cronologicamente in forma integrale o in regesto, contrassegnate da un numero progressivo. Tale documentazione, conservatasi integralmente (poche le lacune) fino al 1940 circa nell’apposito Archivio Capitolare (palazzo della Canonica di San Pietro), fu in seguito parzialmente trasferita nella Biblioteca Vaticana, insieme a gran parte del materiale archivistico e codicologico di proprietà del Capitolo Vaticano. Pertanto i registri che anticamente si conservavano nell’Armadio XV e che partono dal 1460, per comprendere tutti gli atti successivi fino al 1856, sono stati consultati e ‘spogliati’ nella Sala Manoscritti della Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana. Mentre i registri capitolari del periodo successivo, conservati nella sede capitolare, sono stati consultati nell’omonimo Archivio. In sintesi, le delibere e i decreti riguardano: a) conferme, modifiche e rinnovi delle Costituzioni della Cappella; b) elezioni e nomine del prefetto della Cappella musicale2 e di altri funzionari operanti per la Cappella (sindaci, esattori, procuratori, puntatori, etc.); assunzioni, dimissioni e licenziamenti di cantori (solo nei primi decenni); assunzioni, dimissioni e licenziamenti di maestri di cappella, organisti, maestri di grammatica, cappellani etc.; nomine di maestri, organisti, cantori e cappellani coadiutori ovvero sostituti; provvedimenti disciplinari (multe, licenziamenti) riguardanti il personale musicale; provvedimenti amministrativi per il personale musicale (aumenti di salario, regalie, distribuzioni in denaro e natura, multe etc.); c) delibere amministrative per sovvenire a momenti di crisi monetaria e a difficoltà economiche della Cappella; aumenti di salario al personale musicale; concessioni di sussidi e donativi al personale musicale (per viaggi, infermità, malattie etc.); donativi per servizio ben servito a cantori, maestri e cappellani; permessi di assenze al personale musicale; questioni diverse relative alle cappellanie corali; d) restauri e manutenzioni organari; 1 Il Corpo dei canonici Vaticani fu istituito nel 1053 ca. Si trattava di una Congregazione di religiosi del tutto autonoma, preposta sia al canto della Salmodia durante i divini Uffici, sia a provvedere all’organizzazione del culto in Basilica; cfr. DARIO REZZA - MIRKO STOCCHI, Il Capitolo di San Pietro in Vaticano dalle origini al XX secolo, Volume I, La storia e le persone, Città del Vaticano, Edizioni Capitolo Vaticano, 2008, passim. 2 Eletto ogni due anni per sovrintenderne istituzionalmente e amministrativamente alla vita e anche per controllarne i repertori e l’efficienza. Questa figura, denominata inizialmente »procuratore«, poi »amministratore«, quindi addirittura »magister capellae«, infine stabilmente »praefectus musices«, veniva eletta per votazione segreta (come ogni altro funzionario capitolare). 2 e) rendiconti amministrativi, bilanci di gestione e altre questioni relative all’amministrazione della Cappella musicale; f) concessione di abitazioni a maestri, cantori e cappellani; g) delibere riguardati censi e canoni; questioni giuridiche e cause relative ai beni patrimoniali; concessioni enfiteutiche di terreni e casali; nomine di notai e procuratori per questioni patrimoniali; restauri agli edifici di pertinenza della Cappella; locazioni e cessioni di case, casali e terreni della Cappella; provvedimenti amministrativi e concordie relative ai beni immobiliari; h) questioni patrimoniali riguardanti le chiese del Capitolo e della Cappella Giulia; i) disposizioni relative alla partecipazione della Cappella o di membri di essa a celebrazioni varie in Basilica, nelle chiese della Cappella Giulia e del Capitolo; celebrazioni di Messe di suffragio a benefattori collegati alla Cappella; disposizioni relative ai brani gregoriani e polifonici da eseguire in determinate circostanze liturgiche; j) decreti riguardanti nuove festività, feste di nuovi santi, beatificazioni, etc. k) doni al Capitolo e alla Cappella di oggetti sacri, libri, etc. l) decreti riguardanti altri personaggi importanti collegati alla vita della Basilica e della Cappella; m) decisioni riguardanti stampatori ed editori incaricati di imprimere libri liturgico- musicali; n) decisioni riguardanti la Biblioteca e l’Archivio musicali della Cappella Giulia; n) notizie relative a contagi ed epidemie che in qualche modo cointeressarono anche il personale della Cappella; o) notizie storico-artistiche collegate a chiese e case della Cappella; rinvenimento di reperti di interesse archeologico nei beni immobiliari pertinenti alla Cappella; p) questioni corporative e liti con la Cappella Sistina q) decreti che riguardano visite illustri alla Basilica e conseguenti preparativi, anche musicali. Abbreviazioni usate: BAV Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana ACSP Archivio Capitolare di San Pietro (presso la Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana) ACSP/II Archivio Capitolare di San Pietro (presso l’Archivio Capitolare – Città del Vaticano – palazzo della Canonica) 3 Parte prima (1512–1800) 0001. 1512, 11 agosto Il vescovo Bartolomeo Ferratino, nominato amministratore e procuratore della Cappella Giulia, da Giulio II compare per la prima volta fra i canonici riuniti in Capitolo. Negli anni a venire questo funzionario capitolare, eletto annualmente, sarà appellato »magister Capellæ« e quindi prefetto per distinguerlo dal ruolo spettante al magister musicæ. BAV, ACSP, Armadio XV, Decreti, 2, c. 22v 0002. 1513, 8 aprile »In die veneris 8 aprilis. [...] D. canonici infrascripti loco et tempore consueto ad Capitulum congregantur [...]. Fuit data potestas D. Bartholomeo Ferratino, qui est factus procurator Capelle felicis memorie pape Iulii; possit agere etiam nomine Capituli deferri eum et sua vi bona dictæ Capelle cum potestate sustiniendi [sic].« BAV, ACSP, Armadio XV, Decreti, 2, c. 46r 0003. 1513, 9 maggio »In domenica die 9 maii. [...] Domini canonici infrascripti loco et tenore consueto ad hoc Capitulum congregantur [...]. Fecerunt gratiam D. Bartholomeo Farratino de duobus mensibus.« BAV, ACSP, Decreti, 2, c. 50r 0004. 1514, 30 aprile »Die ultima aprilis 1514. Congregati R. P. domini canonici B[asilice] P[rincip]is Apostolorum [...] in qua congregatione interfuerunt [...]. Fuit concessa licentia organiste ad quattuor menses absentandi se ab Urbe relicto substituto idoneo. Et reservatur sibi locum cum redierit, etc. Ad presens R. P. D. abbatis Sancti Gregorii.« BAV, ACSP, Armadio XV, Decreti, 2, c. 77v 0005. 1515, 29 marzo »Die 29 martii 1515. Congregato Capitulo etc., in eodem etc. [...]. || Conclusum [fuit] ut domus quam ad presens tenet dominus Bonifatius in Porticu locetur ad vitam Vinantio organiste pro sexdecim duc[atis] auri de Cam[er]a anno singulo et manutenere dictam domum cum hoc quod nullus possit inferre impedimentum sive incommodum domui B. Farratini, cui liceat in claustro dicte domus effodere pro emissione aque pluvie in cloacam quandocunque voluerit, at quod ibi non possint fieri latrina vel locus immundus.« BAV, ACSP, Armadio XV, Decreti, 2, cc. 96v–97r 0006. 1516, 15 gennaio »Die mercurii 15, 1516. Congregatum est Capitulum, in quo intervenerunt infrascripti [...]. Fuit conclusum [...]. Item pro cantoribus commissum camerariis.« BAV, ACSP, Armadio XV, Decreti, 2, c. 115v 0007. 1516, 10 febbraio »Dominica prima in Quadragesima 1516. Fuit congregatum Capitulum, in quo intervenerunt infrascripti [...]. || Item fuit conclusa concordia cum domino Paulo de Pinis de domibus super Metam tantum et non de illis extra Metam. Item fuit conclusum quod detur domus sua in qua habitat fratri domini Bartholomei Ferratini pro viginti duc[atis] de carlenis annuatim, qui converterentur in anniversario cononicorum [sic] fiendo et, dum ipse vivet, solvat duas libra [sic] piperis annuatim Capitulo. Ita est. A. de Valle episcopus Militensis vicarius.« BAV, ACSP, Armadio XV, Decreti, 2, c. 117rv 0008. 1517, 9 febbraio »Die lune 9 februarii 1517.
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