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Fiscal Federalism and Decentralization in Mongolia
Universität Potsdam Ariunaa Lkhagvadorj Fiscal federalism and decentralization in Mongolia Universitätsverlag Potsdam Ariunaa Lkhagvadorj Fiscal federalism and decentralization in Mongolia Ariunaa Lkhagvadorj Fiscal federalism and decentralization in Mongolia Universitätsverlag Potsdam Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2010 http://info.ub.uni-potsdam.de/verlag.htm Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam Tel.: +49 (0)331 977 4623 / Fax: 3474 E-Mail: [email protected] Das Manuskript ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Zugl.: Potsdam, Univ., Diss., 2010 Online veröffentlicht auf dem Publikationsserver der Universität Potsdam URL http://pub.ub.uni-potsdam.de/volltexte/2010/4176/ URN urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41768 http://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41768 Zugleich gedruckt erschienen im Universitätsverlag Potsdam ISBN 978-3-86956-053-3 Abstract Fiscal federalism has been an important topic among public finance theorists in the last four decades. There is a series of arguments that decentralization of governments enhances growth by improving allocation efficiency. However, the empirical studies have shown mixed results for industrialized and developing countries and some of them have demonstrated that there might be a threshold level of economic development below which decentralization is not effective. Developing and transition countries have developed a variety of forms of fiscal decentralization as a possible strategy to achieve effective and efficient governmental structures. A generalized principle of decentralization due to the country specific circumstances does not exist. Therefore, decentra- lization has taken place in different forms in various countries at different times, and even exactly the same extent of decentralization may have had different impacts under different conditions. -
Climate Change
This “Mongolia Second Assessment Report on Climate Change 2014” (MARCC 2014) has been developed and published by the Ministry of Environment and Green Development of Mongolia with financial support from the GIZ programme “Biodiversity and adaptation of key forest ecosystems to climate change”, which is being implemented in Mongolia on behalf of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development. Copyright © 2014, Ministry of Environment and Green Development of Mongolia Editors-in-chief: Damdin Dagvadorj Zamba Batjargal Luvsan Natsagdorj Disclaimers This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part in any form for educational or non-profit services without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. The Ministry of Environment and Green Development of Mongolia would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the Ministry of Environment and Green Development of Mongolia. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures . 3 List of Tables . .. 12 Abbreviations . 14 Units . 17 Foreword . 19 Preface . 22 1. Introduction. Batjargal Z. 27 1.1 Background information about the country . 33 1.2 Introductory information on the second assessment report-MARCC 2014 . 31 2. Climate change: observed changes and future projection . 37 2.1 Global climate change and its regional and local implications. Batjargal Z. 39 2.1.1 Observed global climate change as estimated within IPCC AR5 . 40 2.1.2 Temporary slowing down of the warming . 43 2.1.3 Driving factors of the global climate change . -
(Additional Financing): Project Administration Manual
Additional Financing for the Southeast Gobi Urban and Border Town Development Project (RRP MON 42184-027) Project Administration Manual Project Number: 42184-027 Loan Number: 3388-MON September 2018 Mongolia: Additional Financing for Southeast Gobi Urban and Border Town Development Project ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank ADF – Asian Development Fund DMF – design and monitoring framework EIA – environmental impact assessment EMP – environmental management plan IEE – initial environmental examination MCUD – Ministry of Construction and Urban Development MOF – Ministry of Finance NCB – national competitive bidding PAM – project administration manual PMU – project management unit PPMS – project performance management system PUSO – public utility service organization QCBS – quality- and cost-based selection RRP – report and recommendation of the President SGAP – social and gender action plan SOE – statement of expenditure TOR – terms of reference TSA – Treasury single account WSRC – Water Services Regulatory Commission WWTP – wastewater treatment plant CONTENTS Page I. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1 A. Rationale 1 B. Impact and Outcome 4 C. Outputs 5 II. IMPLEMENTATION PLANS 6 A. Project Readiness Activities 6 B. Overall Project Implementation Plan 6 III. PROJECT MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTS 7 A. Project Implementation Organizations: Roles and Responsibilities 8 B. Key Persons Involved in Implementation 10 C. Project Organization Structure 11 IV. COSTS AND FINANCING 12 A. Cost Estimates 12 B. Key Assumptions 12 C. Revised Project and Financing Plan 13 D. Detailed Cost Estimates by Expenditure Category 15 E. Allocation and Withdrawal of Loan Proceeds 16 F. Detailed Cost Estimates by Financier ($ million) 17 G. Detailed Cost Estimates by Output ($ million) 18 H. Detailed Cost Estimates by Year ($ million) 19 I. Contract and Disbursement S-Curve 20 J. -
Reference Manual for Initial Emergency Care Course
12/07/2018 Dear Committee, Updated report for Mongolian IEC manual Since the provision of funds, 285 copies of the interpreted IEC (Initial Emergency Care) manual have been distributed. The Copies have predominantly been utilized in the annual IEC course which is run by our Australian/New Zealand Emergency team, led by Dr Simon Smith. So far 8 provinces have received the 3 day IEC course using the manual. Dr Simon Smith reports that the introduction of the manual has allowed the attendees “to reference and consolidate their knowledge” and have been a “great success”. The Manuals have also been distributed to the MNUMS (Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences) Emergency Medicine Department, which has in recent years started teaching Emergency medicine to the undergraduates. They have also distributed copies to the Ambulance training room. Currently, only 15 copies remain, and our local contacts will need to consider future funding opportunities for printing of the manual. Please find attached the breakdown of the distribution form our local contact, Ganbold Lundeg. He has also provided photos of the manual been used within the University. Kind regards Dr Loren Sher The utilities of Initial Emergency Care Manual and Beneficiaries No The names of destinations of Date Number of books distributions distributed 1 Dundgobi Province Soum’s docotrs 2016 22 2 Khovd Province Soum’s docotrs 2016 24 3 Umnugobi Province Soum’s docotrs 2016 26 4 Uvurkhangai Province Soum’s docotrs 2016 28 5 Uvs Province Soum’s docotrs 2017 25 6 Dornogobi Province Soum’s docotrs 2017 24 7 MUNMS Library 2016 20 8 Distribution for EM lecturers 2016 10 9 EM Resident room 2016 20 10 EM student classroom 2016 20 11 “Ach” Medical University 2016 10 12 UB town Ambulance training room 2016 10 13 Khanbogd InterSoum hospital 2018 20 (in June 2018) 14 Bayankhongor Province 2018 26(in June 2018) Total 285 Remained 15 Report written by Dr. -
1-1-Ms-Tiziana-Bonapace.Pdf
Connecting economies and empowering people Regional Connectivity Agenda: Strategies for Single Information Space Tiziana Bonapace Chief ICT and Development Section Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division (IDD) United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division Connecting economies and empowering people Where we stand: the imperative of regional connectivity • More region-centric processes of trade, investment, financial, energy, transport flows, including data and voice • Increasingly Asia-Pacific will rely on itself for economic growth • ICTs are accelerators of this process • Growing digital divide in knowledge- networked broadband internet ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division Connecting economies and empowering people Infrastructure gaps in Asia-Pacific • Development of regional digital infrastructure: USD 800 billion financing gap. Underestimation • ICT as a metainfrastructure • Broadband gaps in access speed, reliability, affordabiltiy • Access: 5.09% of population in region’s developing countries • Speed: high growth in volume of data traffic and direction (intra- Asian) leading to slowdown in transmission speeds • Reliability: disruption to services due to submarine cable cuts, increased frequency and scale of disasters • High costs: 5 times costs in US/EU,, key challenge is how to reduce international backhaul costs for all operators, -
The Annual Report 2016Of Mongolia
MINERAL RESOURCES AND PETROLEUM AUTHORITY OF MONGOLIA MINERAL RESOURCES AND PETROLEUM AUTHORITY THE ANNUAL REPORT 2016OF MONGOLIA GEOLOGY MINING PETROLEUM HEAVY INDUSTRY 1 MINERAL RESOURCES AND PETROLEUM AUTHORITY MINERALOF MONGOLIA RESOURCES AND PETROLEUM AUTHORITY OF MONGOLIA Builders square-3, Government building XII Chingeltei district, Ulaanbaatar-15171, Mongolia. Tel: +(976-51) 263701 Fax: +(976-51) 263701 web: www.mrpam.gov.mn email: [email protected] Published in 2017 ABBREVIATIONS MRPAM Mineral Resources and Petroleum Authority of Mongolia AMEP Australia Mongolia Extractives Programme LOM Law on Minerals GIP Gross Industiral Products PSAs Production Sharing Agreements LP Law on Petroleum GMGPW Geological mapping and general prospecting work FDI Foreign Direct Investment GDP Gross Domestic Products GOM Government of Mongolia GAP Government Action Programme IMF International Monetary Fund SGP State Geological map PM Parliament of Mongolia MMHI Ministry of Mining and Heavy Industry OSH Occupational Safety and Health LI Law on Investment MRITC Mineral Resources Information and Technological Center Designed by The Mongolian Mining Journal NGM-200 National geology mapping GMGSW Geological map and general survey work 2 MINERAL RESOURCES AND PETROLEUM AUTHORITY OF MONGOLIA FOREWORD The Government Resolution No.4 of July 27, 2016 issued following the Resolution No.12 of 2016 of the Parliament of Mongolia has established The Mineral Resources and Petroleum Authority of Mongolia (MRPAM), Government Implementing Agency, with a new structure by merging the B.BAATARTSOGT, DIRECTOR OF former Mineral Resources Authority and The Petroleum MINERAL RESOURCES AND PETROLEUM Authority. AUTHORITY OF MONGOLIA The MRPAM provides support to development of state policy on geology, mining and petroleum, to deliver effective and efficient services to investors and increase competitiveness of the sector and its contribution to overall economic development of Mongolia by implementing state policies. -
Strengthening Representative Bodies in Mongolia
Project “Strengthening Representative Bodies in Mongolia” MID-TERM REVIEW Final Report December 2018 1 Project information Project Title “Strengthening Representative Bodies in Mongolia” project Country Mongolia Implementing Partner: Parliament Secretariat, Parliament of Mongolia, jointly with the UNDP and with support from the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) Project Start date January 2017 Project End date December 2020 Total resources UNDP TRAC: $ 500,000 Donor SDC: $3,300,000 Total $3,800,000 Reporting Period January 2017 to November 2018 Contributing Outcome By 2021, governing institutions are more responsive and (UNDAF/CPD): accountable to citizens, while ensuring effective participation of young people and realisation of the rights of the poor and marginalised. Brief Description The promulgation of the new constitution in 1992 marks the beginning of the emergence of local self-governing bodies in Mongolia. Citizens Representatives Hurals (CRHs) have become a stable institution and played an important role in the consolidation of democracy. However, challenges remain in making them truly representative of local people, as a responsive and accountable institution. The legal framework established in the early transition period has not kept pace with the country’s social, economic and political transformations. Laws are approved without sufficient consultations with local authorities, thus making their implementation difficult at the local level. The organizational capacities of CRHs are constrained by limited resources available at their disposal, unclear mandates and lack of overall guidance. With significant turnover of the CRHs’ members, there is a continuous need to update the knowledge of their duties and responsibilities as elected representatives. At the same time, citizens’ ability to demand accountability from elected representatives is limited due to their low awareness about the functioning of local self-governing bodies, which make important decisions affecting their lives. -
SEMI ANNUAL REPORT (Oct 1, 2017 - Mar 31, 2018)
Mercy Corps LTS2 Semi-annual Report (October 1, 2017 to March 31, 2018) Leveraging Tradition and Science in Disaster Risk Reduction in Mongolia-2 (LTS2 - Mongolia) SEMI ANNUAL REPORT (Oct 1, 2017 - Mar 31, 2018) Agreement # AID-OFDA-G-15-00101 Submitted to: USAID Submitted by: Mercy Corps April 2018 COUNTRY CONTACT HEADQUARTERS CONTACT Ramesh Singh Denise Ledgerwood Country Director Senior Program Officer Mercy Corps Mercy Corps PO Box 761 45 SW Ankeny Street Ulaanbaatar 79, Mongolia Portland, OR 97204 Phone: +976 9911 4204 Phone: +1.503.896.5000 [email protected] [email protected] Mercy Corps LTS2 Semi-annual Report (Oct 1, 2017 – March 31, 2018) ACRONYMS AND TRANSLATIONS Aimag An administrative unit similar to a province or state APF Aimag Partnership Facilitator AWI Advanced Weather Information Service Bagh An administrative unit similar to a sub-county (sub-soum) CITA Communication Information and Technology Authority Dzud An environmental hazard that unfolds over several seasons and includes drought conditions in the summer leading to poor forage availability and low temperatures, heavy snows and/or ice in winter, which combine to exhaust animals, leading to death from starvation or exposure. ECHO European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations ES engageSPARK EMA Emergency Management Agency FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Hural An elected decision-making body at the district, province and national level ICT Information and Communication Technology KEIO Keio University of Japan LEWS -
CBD Fifth National Report
CONVENTION ON CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY THE 5TH NATIONAL REPORT OF MONGOLIA biolohJA JJa folea YeehcO beiide& oa KnWWn}A. T HE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGI 5 T H N A T IO N AL R EPO RT C AL DIVERSITY OF M O N GOLIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND GREEN DEVELOPMENT STEPPE FORWARD PROGRAMME, Government building II, BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT, United Nation’s street 5/2, NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MONGOLIA TH Chingeltei District, Ulaanbaatar 15160, NUM, Building-2, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia THE 5 NATIONAL REPORT OF Mongolia P.O.Box 537, Ulaanbaatar 210646A, Tel: 976-51-266197 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 976-99180148; 976-88305909; 976-88083058 MONGOLIA E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Designed by Mongolica Publishing 2014 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. 2014 CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY FINANCED BY: MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND GREEN DEVELOPMENT CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY-MONGOLIA GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAM CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY THE 5TH NATIONAL REPORT OF MONGOLIA REPORT COMPILERS: COMPILED BY: S. GOMBOBAATAR STEPPE FORWARD PROGRAMME, NUM S. MYAGMARSUREN N. CONABOY М. Мunkhjargal TAXON COMPILERS: PLANT: B. OYUNTSETSEG, M. URGAMAL INVERTEBRATE: S. GANTIGMAA Fish, aMphibian, reptile: kh. Тerbish BIRD: S. GOMBOBAATAR MAMMAL: S. SHAR CONTRIBUTIONS FROM: EDITORS: NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MONGOLIA INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGY, MONGOLIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES D. BATBOLD MONGOLIAN ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY -
Mongolia Master Plan Study for Coal Development and Utilization
Ministry of Mining Mongolia Mongolia Master Plan Study for Coal Development and Utilization November 2013 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Japan Coal Energy Center IL JR 13-164 Table of contents Chapter 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background of the study ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Outline of Mongolia ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 Present condition of industry and economic growth of Mongolia ................................................. 2 1.2 Purpose of study .................................................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Flow of study ........................................................................................................................................ 4 1.4 Study system ......................................................................................................................................... 4 1.4.1 Counterpart mechanism ................................................................................................................. 4 1.4.2 Old and New Government organizations ....................................................................................... 6 1.4.3 Structure and allotment -
48030-001: Strategy for Northeast Asia Power System Interconnection
Technical Assistance Consultant’s R eport Project Number: 48030-001 February 2020 Mongolia: S trategy for Northeast Asia Power S ystem Interconnection (Cofinanced by the Climate Change Fund, the People’s R epublic of China R egional Cooperation and Poverty R eduction Fund, and the R epublic of Korea e-Asia and Knowledge Partnership Fund) Prepared by E lectricite de France Paris, France For the Ministry of E nergy, Mongolia This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. TA 9001-MON: Strategy for Northeast Asia Power S ystem Interconnections EDF References: CIST – DCO – PhL – 18 - 208 This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. Module 4 report on Mongolia Energy Sector Profile and Projections FOREWORD The project Team would like to thank: - The Ministry of Energy of Mongolia for easing direct discussions with the National Dispatching Center, TRANSCO and Public Entities in Mongolia - The ADB’s Country Coordinators of Mongolia, People’s Republic of China, Republic of Korea, Japan for their support: Mongolia: Mr. Byambasaikhan PRC: Ms. Geng Dan (Danna) ROK: Mr. Jung-Hwan Kim Japan: Mr. Omatsu Ryo and Mr. Shota Ichimura Here is a reminder of the place of the Module 4 in the Project organization: 1 EDF ELECTRICITE DE FRANCE – with a capital of 1 006 625 696.50 euros – TA-9001 MON: Strategy for Northeast Asia Power System Interconnection 552 081 371 R.C.S. -
Regional Road Development Project
SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REGIONAL ROAD DEVELOPMENT PROJECT IN MONGOLIA March 2004 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 31 January 2004) Currency Unit – Togrog (MNT) MNT1.170 = $1.00 CNY8.26 = $1.00 CNY1 = MNT130 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank DOR – Department of Roads EIA – environmental impact assessment EMP – environmental management plan MNE – Ministry of Nature and the Environment NGO – nongovernment organization WEIGHTS AND MEASURES °C – Centigrade dB(A) – decibel acoustic g – gram km – kilometer km2 – square kilometer l – liter m – meter m2 – square meter mm – millimeter NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars CONTENTS Page MAP I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 1 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 1 A. Physical Environment 1 B. Ecological Environment 3 C. Sociocultural Environment 4 IV. ALTERNATIVES 5 V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 6 A. Physical Environment 9 B. Ecological Environment 12 C. Sociocultural Environment 13 VI. ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT 13 VII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 15 A. Institutional Requirements 15 B. Environment Monitoring and Permits 16 VIII. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE 17 IX. CONCLUSIONS 18 APPENDIXES 1. Red Book and CITES Species in the Project Area 19 2. Summary of Project Related Stakeholder Participation and Consultations 20 I. INTRODUCTION 1. This document summarizes potential environmental impacts and appropriate mitigation and enhancement measures for the proposed Regional Road Development Project (the Project) in Mongolia. The summary environmental impact assessment is based on the environmental assessment of the Project commissioned by the Department of Roads (DOR) of Mongolia, and has been prepared in accordance with the “Environmental Assessment Requirements and Environmental Guidelines for Selected Infrastructure Development Projects” of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the requirements of the Government of Mongolia.