Connecting economies and empowering people

Regional Connectivity Agenda: Strategies for Single Information Space

Tiziana Bonapace Chief ICT and Development Section Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division (IDD) United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)

ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division Connecting economies and empowering people Where we stand: the imperative of regional connectivity • More region-centric processes of trade, investment, financial, energy, transport flows, including data and voice • Increasingly Asia-Pacific will rely on itself for economic growth • ICTs are accelerators of this process • Growing digital divide in knowledge- networked broadband internet

ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division Connecting economies and empowering people Infrastructure gaps in Asia-Pacific • Development of regional digital infrastructure: USD 800 billion financing gap. Underestimation

• ICT as a metainfrastructure

• Broadband gaps in access speed, reliability, affordabiltiy

• Access: 5.09% of population in region’s developing countries

• Speed: high growth in volume of data traffic and direction (intra- Asian) leading to slowdown in transmission speeds

• Reliability: disruption to services due to submarine cable cuts, increased frequency and scale of disasters

• High costs: 5 times costs in US/EU,, key challenge is how to reduce international backhaul costs for all operators, not just incumbents

ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division Connecting economies and empowering people International Submarine Cable Network

Indian Ocean has fewer cables than the Atlantic & the Pacific Source: Global Marine Systems Ltd

ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division Connecting economies and empowering people

Asia has less cables on land, compared to Europe & N America

Biggest barrier to broadband

Poor competition Mostly submarine

Fierce competition Good competition •Coast-coast terrestrial ESCAP, Information and Communications•Terrestrial Technology & submarine and Disaster Risk Reduction Division Connecting economies and empowering people Terrestrial fibre optic initiatives: regional situation • Information is incomplete, scattered, kept by private sector investors, or available at high fees • A number of Information Superhighways aimed at providing transnational land-based connectivity underway • TASIM (Trans Eurasian Information Superhighway) led by Azerbaijan Government, with multistakeholder Connectivity Alliance • ADB funded SASEC and GMS intiatives • ASEAN Broadand Corridor under ASEAN Masterplan on Connectivity

ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division Connecting economies and empowering people Terrestrial fibre optic initiatives: regional situation • Private-Public sector initiatives: - India-China direct terrestial cable link with investment by Reliance Communication and China Telecom - PHI, JPN, HK, Taiwan PoC, SIN, MAL, with investment by Digitel Crossing BI Group - Pakistan-China, under consideration, with deployment of fibreoptic cable along the routes of the ESCAP Transasian Railway Agreement linking Karakorum Pass to Gwadar • No regional map showing cross border connectivity

ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division Connecting economies and empowering people

Terrestrial fibre optic cables: Armenia

ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division Connecting economies and empowering people Terrestrial Optic fiber network:

Sagil

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Oyutolgoi Dalanzadgad105 Growth of Optical Fiber 70 45 Khanbogd Bayan-Ovoo Nomgon 100 Network in Mongolia

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Existing STM-1 optic network (Ulaanbaatar Railway ) In this y ear, STM-16 optic network will be built by Mobicom 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 In MCC’s ICT project scope, optic network will be built by ICTA

Existing STM-1, STM-4 optic network (ICTA)

ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division Connecting economies and empowering people National initiative: Australia National Broadband Network Based on strong Government leadership which set world example

Government created in 2009 the National Broadband Network Company (NBN Co) to establish a wholesale-only broadband available to all Australians, regardless of location, using fibre-optic cable, fixed wireless and satellite.

ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division Connecting economies and empowering people National initiative: Australia National Broadband Network

Image: National Broadband Network Company (NBN ESCAP, Information and Communications TechnologyCo) and Disaster Risk Reduction Division Connecting economies and empowering people Way Forward: Trans-sectoral synergies • ICT as a metainfrastrucuture: governments can create economic and social benefits across virtually all other infrastructures

• Can justify costs of broadband rollout by efficiencies and savings in many services such as transport, electricity, gas, sanitation, also health and education that all use ICTs independently of each other

• Benefits cannot be attained only by market forces

• Important role for Goverments in developing infrastructure and trans-sectoral policies

• Government leadership and vision is common element in success stories of Australia, Japan, Republic of Korea, Singapore

• Key element for success: open access principles to networks that provides users with innovation capacities (rather than incumbent suppliers with their vertically integrated barriers)

ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division The case of Rep of Korea:Connecting roll out economies of conduits along backbone highway network and empowering people

Kinds Depth

synthetic resin > 1.0m Car conduit road Other conduit > 0.9m

Sidewalk and > 0.6m Crosswalk Track, Cross of > 1.5m highway

Can be changed due to the situation such as disaster prone area

ICT and Development Section, IDD, ESCAP

ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division Connecting economies The case of Rep of Korea:and warning empowering tape people

 polyethylene film - 30~40cm above conduits - 20~30cm underneath from the surface (Sidewalk) - 10~20cm underneath from the surface (Pave way)

Caution : Telecommunication Cable Telecom. cables are under this warning tape Emergency contact : ****-*****

ICT and Development Section, IDD, ESCAP

ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division Connecting economies Burying Conduits: the caseand empowering of RoK people

G.L

600 ~ 1000 150 150 997 ~ 100 모래 1397 sand 118 스페이샤 118 spacer

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spacer  Space among conduits * 100mm / 80mm : left to right * >7mm : up to down (using spacer) * 2 M : between spacer ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division Connecting economies Highway Optical Network:and empoweringthe case people of RoK

- Inter-city Communication Network easily installable by simply synchronizing inter-city road construction - But need some regulatory arrangement while encouraging competition - USA: presidential decree signed in June 2012

Main Usage Regulation

- Traffic management - Spare capacity can be provided to telecom system service provider to raise usage rate - Toll fee gathering System - by bilateral contract between Korea - Intranet (LAN, WAN), Highway Corporation and Telecom Service - Emergency call, company. internal communication, etc

ICT and Development Section, IDD, ESCAP

ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division Connecting economies and empowering people Way Forward: Pan-Asian possibilities

• Cross border connectivity unresolved

• No intergovernmental coordination at the regional level

• Consider the need for an intergovernmental cooperation agreement

• Ride on interconnectivity agreed to under ESCAP’s intergovernmental agreements on Asian Highway or Trans-Asian Railways: systematic and indepth feasibility stud

ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division Natural CandidateConnecting #1: economiesAsian Highway and empowering people

ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division Natural CandidateConnecting #2: Trans- economiesAsian Railway Networkand empowering people

ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division Connecting economies and empowering people

Regional initiatives: conclusion

• Policies that provide legal predictability which enables investors (public and/or private) to risk investing hundreds of millions of dollars to be recuperated over a long period.

•Regional policies important for economies of scale, efficiencies and competition (Operators, operating in various national markets can increase competition).

•Individuals, businesses and Governments will benefit from having reliable telecommunications – including during emergencies - in remote areas.

Source: http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/policy/ecomm/current/pan_european/index_en.htm

ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division