U N I V E R S I T Y OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF N U R S I N G M A G A Z I N E + SUMMER 2003 PITT Nurs e

THIS ISS U E N u r s i ng Research ALSO INSIDE A LUMNI DAY 2003 | CAMEOS OF CARING PREVIEW ABOUT THE COVER: NAT I O N A L LY RECOGNIZED AS A LEADER IN NURSING RESEARCH, LESLIE HOFFMAN, PHD, RN, FAAN, IS STUDYING FACTORS THAT PROMOTE WEANING P R O G R E SSION AND WEANING SUCCESS FOR PATIENTS DEPENDENT ON MECHANICAL VENTILATION FOR LONG PERIODS OF TIME.

I n s i d e P I T T N U R S E

DE A N’S ME S S AG E 1

NU R S E BE AT 2

FI R S T PE R S O N 6

CU T T I NG ED G E 18

AL U M N I SNA P S H OT 20

ST U D E N T SNA P S H OT 22

PAGE 8 PAGE 14 RE S E A R C H ST U D I E S 24

DEV E L O P M E N T NE W S 30

F E AT U R E S AL U M N I NE W S + NOT E S 31

CA M E O S O F CA R I NG PR EV I E W 35 PIONEERS OF SCIENCE 8 By Mark Soroka AN NUA L GI V I NG FUN D DO NO R S 36

An explosion of nursing knowledge has driven many RE M E M B E R WH E N 40 innovative advances in patient care, and some of the WH AT’S HA P PE N I NG? 41 most exciting nursing research is taking place at the University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing.

RESEARCH UNDERSTUDIES 1 4 By Stephanie Wentworth A growing number of the nation’s most prestigious nursing re s e a rchers pre p a red for their careers by studying at Pitt, where doctoral and master’s students can find diverse programs on the cutting edge of nurs- ing science. D E A N ’ S M E S S AG E

TO DAY, SCHOOLS OF NURSING h a ve multiple objec- t i ves, particularly those situated in academic health centers, such as the Un i versity of Pittsburgh. Ou r goals include the preparation of nurses for direct care d e l i ve ry and for academic positions in a rapidly changing environment. In c re a s i n g l y, this enviro n- ment is demanding that practice should be based upon evidence. T h e re f o re, we also have the goal of d e veloping and disseminating the advancement of environment. Our graduate students have an active the science that underlies our practice. In re g a rd involvement in research programs. And our under- to this latter goal, we have an obligation and a graduate students are the recipients of the knowledge mandate to conduct re s e a rch that will keep practice generated by this research. c u r rent and based upon sound knowledge. Our In this issue of Pitt Nurse, we are pleased to pres- practice is directed to a breadth of populations in a ent a glimpse into the research portfolio of the School wide variety of settings, covering a broad range of of Nursing. The faculty and graduate students you i l l n e s s / wellness scenarios. will meet as you peruse this issue are on the leading The re s e a rch at the School of Nursing re fle c t s edge of the science that supports practice innovation. that dive r s i t y. Our studies address adults, childre n , These individuals are also active teachers of our stu- and elders, and encompass chronic illness, acute care , dents, bringing science into the classroom. We look and health promotion. Fu rt h e r m o re, our studies are forward to continuing to play an active role in excit- conducted in hospitals and in community settings. ing innovations taking place in nursing research. And just as we practice in multidisciplinary teams, the re s e a rch conducted at the School of Nursing mir- Si n c e re l y, rors the interd i s c i p l i n a ry approach seen in practice. Our collaborations are extensive and serve to enrich what we do. But the work doesn’t stop with the conduct of research itself.We have an obligation to transmit that JACQUELINE DUNBAR-JAC O B , PHD, RN, FA A N new knowledge to our students, as we prepare them DEAN, UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH for practice or education in the future health care SCHOOL OF NURSING

P I T T N U R S E SUMMER 2003 1 * NURSEBEAT RETIRING FAC U LTY HONORED WE WANT TO HEAR FROM YO U ! Two popular members of the School of Nursing’s faculty were If you would like to comment about an article that honored at a retirement ceremony on May 19 and presented appeared in Pitt Nurse or have a suggestion for a future with rocking chairs for their outstanding service. Patricia story, send your letters to our new “Reader’s Mailbag.” Bohachick, PhD, RN, a faculty member at the School of We will publish letters from our readers in each issue. Nursing since 1970, recently served as interim associate dean Please send letters to: Pitt Nurse, Reader’s Mailbag, for clinical education and as an associate professor. Before University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Room 218, retiring, Bohachick was conferred with associate professor 3500 Victoria Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261. You can also emeritus status. Barbara Spier, PhD, RN, taught at the School e-mail Mark Soroka, Pitt Nurse e d i tor, at from 1970 through 1971, then returned again in 1973. Her most [email protected]. Letters are subject to editing for style recent position was assistant professor in the Department of and space limitations. Health and Community Systems. Well known in the field of gerontology, Spier received a Chancellor’s Distinguished Public Service Award, which recognized her work to improve the qual- ity of life for the elderly. The School of Nursing wishes Pat and Barb a long, healthy, and happy retirement.

PATRICIA BOHAC H I C K (LEFT) TAUGHT AT THE SCHOOL OF NURSING FO R 33 YEARS AND BARBARA SPIER (RIGHT) SERVED ON THE SCHOOL’S FAC U LT Y FOR 31 YEARS.

HELEN BURNS APPOINTED A SS O C I ATE DEAN The School of Nursing expanded its leadership team by appointing Helen Burns as associate dean for clinical education. Burns (PhD ’93, MN ’81) previously worked as a clinician, nurse educator, and administrator, before becoming deputy secretary for health planning and assessment at the Pennsylvania Department of Health in April 2000. In that role, Burns coordinated health planning, epidemiology, laboratories, community health s y stems, and emergency medical services for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Burns will oversee the undergraduate and master’s programs, and will focus on the development of new initiatives for nursing educa- tion for the School of Nursing.

GATHERING TO HOST THE FIRST ANNUAL BLACK HISTORY LUNCHEON IN FEBRUARY AT THE HOLIDAY INN SELECT – UNIVERSITY CENTER WERE MEMBERS OF THE SCHOOL OF NURSING’S KAPPA BETA CHAPTER OF CHI ETA PHI SORORITY, INC. SEATED IN FRONT ROW (L TO R): G LORIA BROCK, CHAVONNE NEWMAN, TANNEIL DAVIS, MONIQUE MCCLINTON; S TANDING IN BACK ROW (L TO R): JEWEL MCKINNON, JEANINE ANDREWS, LOREN PULLIAM ’92 ( S P O N S O R ), N I E ATRA MORANT, ALISHA GORDON.

2 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH BETHANY FRANCIS INDUCTED INTO B LUE AND GOLD SOCIETY Bethany Francis, a junior at the School of Nursing, was recently invited to become a member of the Blue and Gold Society, an honorary organization that recruits stu- dent leaders to serve as liaisons to the University’s alumni association. The recruiting process for the Blue and Gold Society is extremely selective. Candidates are chosen on the basis of motivation, leadership, scholar- ship, and Panther pride. Francis also represents the School of Nursing as a student recruiter.

UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH CHANCELLOR MARK NORDENBERG W E LCOMED BETHANY FRANCIS TO THE BLUE AND GOLD SOCIETY DURING AN INDUCTION CEREMONY ON APRIL 4, 2003

SCHOOL OF NURSING ADDS NEW PROGRAMS The School of Nursing is now offering post- master’s certificates for the Adult Health, Adult Acute Care, Adult Psychiatric Mental Health, Pediatric, and Women’s Health Care Certified Registe red Nurse Pra c t i t i o n e r (CRNP) programs and is adding a minor in Genetics for master’s students. These cer- t i f i ca te pro g rams will enable pra c t i c i n g nurses with graduate degrees to add anoth- er specialty to their original maste r ’s degree, while the new minor will give MSN students an opportunity to broaden the focus of their degree programs. In addition, the School of Nursing is now offering post- b a cca l a u re a te pro g rams in Healthca re Administration and Genetics. All of these programs are an efficient way to meet the needs of nursing graduates. For more infor - mation about any of these prog r ams, plea s e call Student Services at 1 (888) 747-0794.

U.S. NEWS & WORLD REPORT RANKS SCHOOL OF NURSING IN TOP 10 The Unive rsity of Pittsburgh School of Nursing joined elite company when it was ra n ked in the top tier in seve r- al ca tegories of U.S. News & World Report ’s 2004 “A m e r i ca ’s Best Gra d u a te Schools.” Ove rall, the School of N u rsing was tied for tenth among the nation’s top schools of nursing. In various nursing specialties, Pitt was tied for sixth in Nursing — Anesthesia, tied for ninth in Ps yc h i a t r i c / M e n tal Health (Nursing), and tenth in Nurs e P ractitioner — Adult. “The dedication and hard work of our faculty, staff, and students have enabled the School of Nursing to grow into a world-class institution, continually achieving new heights,” said Dean Jacqueline Dunbar-Jacob. “We are honored that our peers have recognized our School through the U.S. News & World Report rankings.”

P I T T N U R S E SUMMER 2003 3 * NURSEBEAT Ann Mitchell, PhD, RN, ass i s tant profe s sor, Department of Health FAC U LTY NEWS and Community Systems, was selec t ed as one of 18 worldwide par- Susan A. Albrecht, PhD, RN, FAA N , ass o c i a t e dean, Student and ticipants to attend the First Psy chosocial Suicide Research Trai n i n g Alumni Services and Devel opment, rece i v ed the Leadersh i p Workshop, sponsored by the American Foundation for Suicide Ac h i e vement Award from Sigma Theta Tau International, Eta. Pr evention (AFSP) and the National Insti t u t e of Mental Health (NIMH), held in New York, NY in November 2002. She also partici- Denise Charron-Prochownik, PhD, RN, assistant professor, pa t ed in a Survivor s of Suicide Research Workshop, sponsored by Department of Health Promotion and Devel opment, rece i ve d NIMH and AFSP, held in Was h i n g t on, D.C. in May 2003. ten u r e with promotion to asso c i a t e profe ss o r . Donna G. Nativio, PhD, RN, ass o c i a t e profe s sor, Department of Susan Cohen, DSN, APRN, ass o c i a t e profe s sor, Department of Health Promotion and Devel opment, was named a recipient of the Health Promotion and Devel opment, was elec t ed secret ary of the ECELS (Early Childhood Education Linkage System) Achievem e n t National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Fac u l t i e s . Aw a r d from the Pen n s y l vania Chapter of the American Academy of Yve t t e Conley, PhD, ass i s tant profe s sor, Department of Health Ped i a t r i c s . Pr omotion and Devel opment, rece i v ed an award from the Advisory John O’Donnell, MSN, RN, CRNA, di re c t or of the Nurse Anesth e s i a Council on Instructional Excel le n c e for her study, “Pilot and Pro g r am, was fea t u r ed as an “Outstanding Nurse” in the May 2003 Feasibility Study to Devel op and Implement Clinical Applicat i o n is sue of Nursing Spectrum. He also rece i v ed an award from the Le c t u r es to Enhance Introd u c t ory Genetics Course Using Teg r i t y Health Resources & Services Administr ation for his study, “Nurse and Out of Classr oom on Demand Viewi n g . ” An e st h e t i s t Trai n e e s h i p . ” Rose Constantino, PhD, JD, RN, FAA N , ass o c i a t e profe ss o r , El l en Olshansky, DNSc, RNC, pro fe s sor and chair, Department of Department of Health and Community Systems, rece i v ed an award Health and Community Systems, will be inducted as a fel l ow in the fr om the Advisory Council on Instructional Excel le n c e for her stu d y , Am e r i c an Academy of Nursing in San Diego in November 2003. “Reducing Health Care Disparities by Teaching Culturally Co m p e t ent Nursing Care Through Web-Based Video Tuto r i a l s . ” Thelma Patrick, PhD, RN, ass i s tant profe s sor, Department of Health Promotion and Devel opment, served as co-chair of an NINR Mary Cothran, PhD, CRNP, ass i s tant profe s sor, Department of workshop entitled, “Optimizing Pregnancy Outcomes in Minority Health Promotion and Devel opment, was named a co- r ecipient of Populations,” in March 2003. the 2003 Dean’s Distinguished Teaching Award. Ter esa Sakraida, DNS, RN, ass i s tant profe s sor, Department of Bettina Dixon, MSN, CRNA, in st r u c t or, Nurse Anesthesia Prog ra m , Health and Community Systems, was a recipient of the “2003 was named a co- r ecipient of the 2003 Dean’s Disti n g u i s h e d Nu rs i n g ’ s Excel le n c e in Planning and Teaching with the Univers i t y Teaching Award. Ne t w ork Environment (NEPTUNE) Award” from the School of Willa Doswell, PhD, RN, ass i s tant profe s sor, Department of Health Nu r sing. She was also selec t ed to participate in the Provost ’ s Pr omotion and Devel opment, rece i v ed ten u r e with promotion to Faculty Diver sity Seminar, held in May 2003. ass o c i a t e profe ss o r . Ca r ol Stilley, PhD, RN, res e a r ch assi s tant profe s sor, Department Pet er Draus, EdD, ass i s tant profe s sor, Department of Health and of Health and Community Systems, rece i v ed the Disti n g u i s h e d Community Systems, was a recipient of the “2003 Nursi n g ’ s Alumni Award for Excel le n c e in Nursing Research from the Ex cel le n c e in Planning and Teaching with the Univer sity Networ k Columbia Univers i t y - P re s b y t erian Hospital School of Nursi n g En v i r onment (NEPTUNE) Award” from the School of Nursi n g . Alumni Asso c i a t i o n .

Mary Beth Happ, PhD, RN, ass i s tant profe s sor, Department of Ac u t e and Tertiary Care, rece i v ed the Sigma Theta Tau Eta Chapter Re s e a r ch Award.

Jacqueline Dunbar-Jacob, PhD, RN, FAAN, dean, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, was a ccepted as a fellow into the Robert Wood Johnson Executive Nurse Fellows program.

Lyn e t t e Jack, PhD, RN, ass o c i a t e profe s sor, Department of Health IN A RECENT RANKING OF and Community Systems, took office in April 2003, as president of the International Society of Psyc h i a t r i c / M e n t al Health Nursi n g . THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES

Yookyung Kim, PhD, ass i s tant profe s sor, Department of Health OF HEALTH (NIH) RESEARCH and Community Systems, rece i v ed an award from The Central SUPPORT TO THE NAT I O N ’ S Re s e a r ch Devel opment Fund for her study, “Modeling of Health- Re l a t ed Quality of Life after SAH.” SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES OF

Jacqueline Lever, MSN, RN, in st r u c t or, Department of Acute and N U R S I N G , THE UNIVERSITY Tertiary Care, rece i v ed an award from the Health Resources and Se r v i c es Administr ation for her proposal, “Profe s sional Nurse OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF Trai n e e s h i p . ” NURSING WAS RANKED SIXTH.

4 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH THREE FAC U LTY FROM THE SCHOOL OF NURSING WERE RECENTLY E L E CTED TO PROMINENT POSITIONS IN NATIONAL ORGA N I Z AT I O N S . (FROM LEFT TO RIGHT) K ATHRYN PUSKAR, DRPH, RN, A SS O C I ATE P R O F E SSOR, IS PRESIDENT OF THE AMERICAN PSYC H I ATRIC NURSES A SS O C I ATION; ELLEN OLSHANSKY, DNSC, RNC, PROFESSOR AND CHAIR, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND COMMUNITY SYSTEMS, IS TREASURER OF THE AMERICAN ORTHOPSYC H I ATRIC ASS O C I ATION; AND LYNETTE JACK, PHD, RN, ASS O C I ATE PROFESSOR, IS PRESIDENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF PSYC H I ATRIC NURSES.

STUDENT NEWS NEW FAC U LTY

All 27 graduates from the School of Nursing’s Nurse Anesthesia The University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing is pleased to welcome the P ro g ram Class of 2002 passed the National Certifica t i o n following new faculty: Examination on their first attempt. The certification examina- tion is a nationally-administered, computer-adaptive examina- F U L L - T I M E tion available to all graduates who have met the required clini- Annette DeVito Dabbs, PhD (‘03, University of Pittsburgh), RN, assistant cal and didactic requirements of the American Association on professor, Department of Acute and Tertiary Care Nurse Anesthetists Council on Certification. Congratulations to the Class of ’02! Heidi S. Donovan, PhD (‘03 University of Wisconsin, Madison), RN, assistant professor, Department of Acute and Tertiary Care Bashira Charles, a student in the Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Program, was selected as a fellow for the 2003 JHF/Coro Linda Garand, PhD (‘00, Unive rsity of Iow a ), RN, a ss i stant pro fe ss o r , Pittsburgh Health Sciences Fellowship. Department of Health and Community Systems

Heather Hall, a junior, received a $1,500 AACN Scholarship, Tasha Hall, MS (‘96 Rush Unive rs i t y ), RN, OCN, c l i n i cal inst r u c to r , sponsored by the American Association of Critical Care Nurses. Department of Health and Community Systems

Valerie Hess, a senior, was named a 2003 recipient of the J.W. Donna Levitt, PhD (’01, Berne Univers i t y ) , CRNP, a ss i stant pro fe ss o r , Saxe Memorial Prize for Public Service. Saxe Prize winners Department of Acute and Tertiary Care receive $1,500 awards to assist them in taking a no-pay or low- Janet L. Stewart, PhD (‘03, University of North Carolina), RN, assistant pro- pay job during the summer or another term. Hess used her fessor, Department of Health Promotion and Development award to be part of a medical team involved in HIV/AIDS work at the Nyakahanga Hospital in Karagwe, Tanzania. Louise Waszak, PhD (’87, University of Pittsburgh), CRNP, assistant profes- sor, Department of Health Promotion and Development Mary Kay Mortimer-Stephens, a doctoral student, had her abstract selected as a Meritorious Student Paper for the 2003 S cott Weber, EdD (’86, Boston Unive rs i t y ), RN, a ss i stant pro fe ss o r , Society for Behavioral Medicine’s (SBM) Annual Meeting & Department of Health and Community Systems Scientific Sessions. Her abst ract was entitled, “The Relationship of Memory and Medication Adhere n ce in PA R T - T I M E Community Dwelling Elderly.” Josephine Dungan, MSN (’95, Cre i g h ton Unive rs i t y ) R N , i n st r u c to r , G e roge Rodway, a docto ral student, re ce i ved a National Department of Acute and Tertiary Care Research Service Award from the National Institutes of Health Patricia Gordon, MSN (’93, LaRoche College), RN, instructor, Department of for his diss e r tation, “Inte r m i t tent Hypoxia: CV Impact and Acute and Tertiary Care Biologic Markers” and American Lung Association funding for his grant, “Intermittent Hypoxia: Impact on Cardiovascular Yolanda Lang, DrPH (’92, University of Pittsburgh), RN, assistant professor, Parameters and Oxidative Stress.” Department of Acute and Tertiary Care

Beth Windsor, a student in the Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Susan Miller, BSN (’84, University of Pittsburgh), RN, assistant instructor, Program, was named a recipient of the Corinne Barnes Award Department of Acute and Tertiary Care from Sigma Theta Tau. Karen Morahan, MS (’98, University of Maryland at Baltimore), RN, instruc- tor, Department of Acute and Tertiary Care

P I T T N U R S E SUMMER 2003 5 FIRST PERSON BY T H E L M A P A T R I C K

AS A RESEARCHER, THELMA PATRICK IS HELPING WOMEN WHO D E V E LOP PREGNANCY-SPECIFIC DISORDERS. “Practice and education benefit from research.“

RESEARCH PROV I D E S an opportunity to satisfy scientists from many fields and gained an appreciation of how laboratory science questions I asked myself while working in clinical (especially using cellular and animal model studies) could advance our understand- practice. I can explore how an intervention helps to ing of health and disease. My belief that nursing could make a contribution to the improve health, and at the same time, I can learn unraveling of this disorder was verified and expanded. Learning about biochemical something about the process of a disease or condition. processes and measurement complemented my clinical experiences and skills. My clinical practice was in the specialty of high- Through my research, I can provide care for women on a completely different level. risk perinatal nursing. I also spent time working in In addition to expanding the interventions that can be utilized in health pro- critical care. In both settings, I helped provide care for motion and disease prevention, nurses provide a unique focus to the community of women who developed preeclampsia, a pregnancy- scientists who study health problems. The insights we have gained in our practice, specific disorder that is evidenced by high blood particularly those addressing the human response to health and illness, are mean- pressure, proteinuria, and generalized edema. In criti- ingful contributions to biobehavioral research endeavors, especially as work in the cal care, we often treated women who had developed laboratory is translated into clinical practice. seizures or multi-system failure. There was no doubt Without question, practice and education benefit from research. Nurse about the unexpected and seemingly unpredictable researchers remind us of important questions we should ask about our practice: onset, severity, and long-term implications of this “What pre-operative interventions are most effective in preventing post-operative disorder. When considering advanced research train- complications? How can we improve the patient’s compliance with treatments and ing after completing my doctorate, I approached medications? How can we improve common procedures to achieve the maximal Dr. James M. Roberts, an internationally-renowned effect? What interventions alleviate symptoms or prevent disease?” By asking these scientist in the study of preeclampsia. Having an types of questions, we help to improve practice. And as we improve our ability to opportunity to work at the Magee-Women’s Research answer questions, such as “Why or how does this work?,” we build a basis for Institute with Dr. Roberts (and his colleagues, who advancing the next generation of practice. represented diverse disciplines) helped me to better understand pathogenesis, biomarkers, risk factors, and THELMA PATRICK, RN, RECEIVED A PHD DEGREE FROM THE SCHOOL OF NURSING IN testable interventions. 1991. SHE SERVES AS AN ASS I S TANT PROFESSOR IN THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALT H This post-doctoral training was the beginning of P R O M OTION AND DEVELOPMENT AND IS CONDUCTING A STUDY TO DETERMINE IF AN a new world for me. I learned to communicate with EXERCISE INTERVENTION MAY HELP TO REDUCE RECURRENT PREECLAMPSIA.

6 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH H OW PITT HAS EMERGED INTO A NAT I O N A L LY RENOWNED CENTER FOR NURSING RESEARCH NURSING R E S E A R C H

It was on the battlefields of Crimea that nursing became a science. While tending to wounded British troops in the crowded and dirty medical tents, Florence Nightingale began to speculate how unnecessary suffering and mortali- ty might be averted. Her meticulous records proved that unsanitary conditions contributed to high death rates among wounded soldiers. Nightingale introduced improvements in sanitation and her research led to groundbreak- ing health care reforms, which ultimately helped save numerous lives. She has been recognized as the first person in an English-speaking country to apply statistics to public health and originated the use of the pie chart to present this data. Since Nightingale’s pioneering efforts in the 19th century, nursing research has driven many additional advances in patient care.

Nursing research fits a unique niche in biomedical and behavioral science. Whereas medical researchers are look- ing for cures, nurse researchers are intent on improving the quality of life for patients and their families and reduc- ing the burdens of illness and disability. Nurse researchers focus on managing symptoms for patients who have chronic or terminal illnesses. In addition, nurse researchers conduct studies to discover better ways of preventing health problems from occurring, as well as managing treatment regimens to improve health outcomes. And researchers are looking for ways to further improve the quality of nursing practice.

Exciting nursing research is taking place at the University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing. In recent years, the School of Nursing has consistently ranked in NIH’s top 10 list of research support to the nation’s schools and col- leges of nursing. And in the years ahead, the School is poised to make an even greater impact in nursing research. This special report of Pitt Nurse features the many research innovations of the School’s faculty, staff, and students.

P I T T N U R S E SUMMER 2003 7 PIONEERS

YVETTE CONLEY IS OVERSEEING A GROWING GENETICS RESEARCH PROGRAM AT THE SCHOOL OF NURSING.

8 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH OF SCIENCE SCHOOL OF NURSING RESEARCHERS BUILDING A BASE FOR BETTER HEALTH CA R E

BY MARK SOROKA FOR A RESEARCHER who worked with some ver y sick patients, there couldn’t have been a more uplift- ing sight than this one. Joan McD owell, PhD, RN, associate professor emeritus and an investigator in the field of incontinence, recalls working with a par- ticular patient who, as she put it, ‘would have given the Ene r g i z er bunny a run for his money.’ “That woman was over 90 years old and had been pr eviously in and out of the hospital with heart failure, a fractured hip, and numerous other problems,” says Mc Dowell. “Yet she was still going strong and responded wonderfully to our training program. It was ex citing and gratifying to see how our intervention for

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P I T T N U R S E SUMMER 2003 9 ur i n a r y incontinence was making a difference in that wo m a n ’s life.” Whether they are helping patients manage uri- na r y incontinence, handle complex medication reg i - mens, stop smoking, or deal with a variety of other health care problems, res e a r chers at the School of Nursing are advancing the breadth of scientific knowl - edge. And ultimately, these res e a r chers are helping to im p r ove the quality of life for patients and members of their families. That ver y spirit of scientific inquisitive- ness has been the driving force behind the emergence of the School of Nursing as one of the nation’s top nursing res e a r ch centers. Ranked sixth in the amount of funding rec e i v ed from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and a National Institute of Nur s i n g Res e a r ch (NINR)-designated res e a rc h - i n t e n s i v e envi- ronment, the School of Nursing is ver y much on the cutting-edge of 21st century science. “S c i e n t i fi c study is a core component of our mis- sion as an academic health science center,” says Jacqueline Dun b a r - Ja c o b , PhD, RN, FAAN, dean of the School of Nursing and a key member of its res e a rc h team since the mid ’80s. “Nursing needs to be a full contributor to the advancement of health care practices as well as to the cutting-edge education of future prac- ticing nurses. We can only do this if the School itself is ad v ancing the science underlying that practice.” Like many other schools of nursing, Pitt starte d out with a modest res e a r ch program. Over half a cen- tu r y ago, most nursing res e a r chers wer e focusing on nursing education, nursing practice, hospital environ -

A NINR-DESIGNATED RESEARCH-INTENSIVE ENVIRONMENT, THE SCHOOL OF ments, and nursing shortages. Res e a r ch at the School NURSING IS ON THE CUTTING-EDGE OF 21ST CENTURY SCIENCE. of Nursing was launched in the 1950s, when the Sar a h Mellon Foundation funded three separate studies that sought answers about how to provide adequate nursing

1 0 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SINCE ITS INCEPTION, THE CENTER FOR RESEARCH IN CHRONIC DISORDERS HAS SUPPORTED AND DEVELOPED A CENTER OF E XCELLENCE IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY OUTCOMES-BASED RESEARCH IN CHRONIC DISORDERS.

“ Scientific study is a core component of our mission as an academic health center.” — Dean Jacqueline Dunbar-Jacob

se r vices. When the W.W . Kellogg Foundation provided $6,500 for a follow-up fiel d other centers), CRCD has supported and developed a st u d y , the School of Nursing saw an opportunity to improve the quality of nursing center of excellence in multidisciplinary outcomes- ca r e given to patients in hospitals in the area served by the School. During the next based res e a r ch in chronic disorders. Acc o r ding to se v eral years, a Hospital Scientific Management Project evol v ed and developed into Du n b a r - Ja c o b, numerous factors, including less se v eral additional studies. A time-and-motion study helped to introduce new proc e - healthy lifestyles, advances in medical care, and the du r es for operating rooms, while another study suggested better ways of perfo r m i n g aging population, have led to an increase in the prev a- nursing proc e d u r es in medical center hospitals. lence of chronic disorders. Tod a y , six of the 10 leading For the next two decades, no significant faculty res e a r ch was conducted at the causes of death in the United States are chronic in School of Nursing, with the exception of theses and dissertations written by gradu- na t u r e. In addition, patients with chronic disorde r s ate students. In 1981, res e a r ch was rej u v enated, when the School of Nur s i n g often experience a burden of disease that negativel y appointed Dr. June Abbey as director of nursing res e a r ch. Abbey assisted faculty in impacts their functional ability, independence, and de v eloping pilot studies and was instrumental in obtaining a multi-faceted res e a rc h overall quality of life. grant from the Dep a r tment of Health and Human Se rv i c e s’ Division of Nur s i n g . “As nurses, our primary focus is on the long-term Administration from the School of Nursing soon developed three methods of sup- management of chronic disorders,” says Dun b a r - po r t for faculty res e a r ch, including reimbursement for library searches, financial sup- Jac o b . “As a result, much of the res e a r ch within the po r t for faculty presentations at national res e a r ch meetings, and seed money for CR CD focuses on maintaining function, enhancing ex p l o r a t o r y or pilot studies. These efforts soon paid off when Dr. Leslie Hof f m a n quality of life, and assisting patients with the manage- was funded for her “Nasal Cannula and Transtracheal Del i ve r y of Oxygen” study – ment of their trea t m e n t . ” the first R01 to be awarded to a School of Nursing res e a rc h e r . CR CD res e a r chers focus on a wide range of 1987 turned out to be a pivotal year for nursing res e a r ch at Pitt. To facilitate its ch r onic disorders, such as AIDS, cancer, depres s i o n , commitment for res e a r ch, the School established a Center for Nursing Res e a rc h incontinence, cardi o vascular risk factors, rheumato- (CNR) and hired Dr. Jacqueline Dun b a r - J acob as the Center’s firs t di re c t o r . In 1989, logic disorders, and diabetes, to name a few. Although the School of Nursing rec e i v ed one of the first two Exp l o r a t o r y Center Grants (P20) each of these diseases is unique in terms of its cause, fr om the National Institute of Nursing Res e a r ch to build res e a r ch infrastruc t u r es in t reatment, and outcome, re s e a rchers within the the School. Nine pilot studies wer e supported, which preceded the expansion of the CR CD have tailored their investigations to contribute number of R01grants in the School. Staffed with statisticians, grants administrators, to a broader canvas of chronic disease res e a r ch. CRCD and clerical personnel, the CNR has a full complement of bio-medical and data lab- in v estigators have incorporated a “gl o b a l ” inves t i g a t i v e oratories stocked with state-of-the-art equipment. ap p r oach that leads not only to disease-specific inter- “Th r ough the Center for Nursing Res e a r ch, our res e a r chers are inves t i g a t i n g ventions, but also to a growing body of knowl e d g e some of the most challenging issues facing today’s health care practitioners,” says about underlying mechanisms and outcomes acros s Dun b a r - Ja c o b . “Inv estigators are focusing their res e a r ch on adolescent health, criti- ch r onic disorders. cal care, chronic disorders, and health care outcomes.” “These efforts not only encourage collaborative In 1994, the School of Nursing created a Center for Res e a r ch in Chron i c and interdisciplinary research, but also provide a Dis o r ders (CRCD). Established with a five - ye a r, $1.3 million grant from the comprehensive chronic disease data base that cuts National Institute for Nursing Res e a r ch (which also provided core grants to four a c ross disease categories,” Du n b a r - Jacob explains.

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P I T T N U R S E SUMMER 2003 1 1 AS PART OF HER RESEARCH, LESLIE HOFFMAN IS DEVELOPING AND E VA LU ATING TECHNOLO G I CAL APPROACHES TO SUPPORT LIFE.

“Common objectives, such as improving medication of Nursing and the directors of nursing res e a r ch at UPMC Health System facilities a d h e rence, may ultimately lead to bro a d - b a s e d pr ovide nurse investigators access to a variety of clinical problems and patient advances in helping patients with a variety of chronic populations. “One of the measures of this success is that we are not always asking disorders cope with their illnesses and enhance the others to participate in our res e a r ch; investigators from other disciplines are also quality of their lives.” coming to us,” Dun b a r - J acob points out. “Because nurses bring a holistic approa c h Res e a r chers at the School of Nursing are also to patient care, we help round out the scope of many studies.” de v eloping interventions that minimize complications Th e r e is growing national interest in several of these interdi s c i p l i n a r y collabo- and hasten rec o ver y in patients who are often at the rations. Res e a r chers from the School of Nursing are partnering with human servi c - gr eatest risk for significant morbidity or prem a t u r e es and technology experts from Carnegie Mellon Uni v ersity to develop technology death. The School’s critical care res e a r ch group main- that helps elderly adults with impaired mobility and reduced cognitive function to tains a strong interest in developing and eval u a t i n g remain independent longer. Res e a r chers are developing a personal robotic assistant technological approaches to support life. Leslie that will provide elderly persons with reminders for daily activities, such as meals, Hoffman, PhD, RN, has been studying innovat i v e appointments, and medication schedules. Pitt/CMU res e a r chers are also devel o p i n g ap p r oaches to oxygen deliver y, such as transtracheal a robotic walker that will help cognitively impaired older adults to reduce falls and oxygenation and tracheal gas insufflation in patients av oid environmental hazards as they walk through their residences. In addition, with pulmonary conditions. School of Nursing res e a r chers are collaborating with res e a r chers from the Uni ve r s i t y “N ursing res e a r ch optimally invol v es worki n g of Pittsburgh School of Medicine on a study searching for the genes invol v ed in age- with a multidisciplinary team,” says Hoffman, whose related macular degeneration. Wh a t ’s more, partnerships have been established with co - i n v estigators include specialists in pulmonary and the Center for Biomedical Informatics and numerous other centers within the critical care medicine, and surgery. “Nursing brings a Uni v ersity of Pit t s b u r g h . unique perspective to res e a r ch because of our focus on As the health care industry searches for ways to cut costs without comprom i s i n g patient and family issues and interest in optimizing qu a l i t y , avai l a b i l i t y , or accessibility of care, nursing res e a r chers will play a prom i n e n t functional ability. I remember one patient who was role in shaping the way nursing is practiced. Nursing res e a r chers will continue to tr uly rem a r kable. With a transtracheal oxygen deliver y ex p l o r e strategies addressing the needs of patients across the life span that rec e i v e device, he added years and quality to his life. He even - ca r e in traditional health care sites, as well as in community and home settings. tually felt good enough to get a motorized wheelchair Nursing res e a r chers will also look for ways to reduce the risk of disease and disabil- and go groc e r y shopping.” it y , promote healthy lifestyles, and provide support for family careg i v ers. Dun b a r - J acob agrees that School of Nur s i n g “As we look to the future, res e a r ch will continue to play an increasingly signif- res e a r chers have been extremely successful in increa s - icant role in the advancement of health care and education of students,” says ing collaborations with other disciplines. In t e r - Dun b a r - Ja c o b . “We have an opportunity to play a key role in improving the quali- di s c i p l i n a r y collaborators and mentors are rea d i l y ty of nursing care, patient outcomes, and the health care system. This is an exci t i n g av ailable through active res e a r ch relations with other time to be a scientist at the School of Nur s i n g . ” schools at the Uni v ersity of Pittsburgh and with var i - ous centers and hospitals in the Pittsburgh area. In par- ti c u l a r , close working relationships between the School

1 2 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH NURSING RESEARCHERS PLAY A PROMINENT ROLE IN SHAPING THE WAY NURSING IS PRACT I C E D .

RESEARCH FUNDING SOURCES RESEARCH COLLABORATO R S Re s e a rc h e r s at the School of Nursing rece i v e spon- Researchers from the School of Nursing are collaborat- so r ed funding from a wide array of sources. This ing with a growing number of schools, centers, and di ve r sity not only con t r i b u t es to a more stab l e funding other organizations on several important studies. These pool, but also ref l ects the broad-based significan c e of collaborations not only enrich the depth of the science, the work within the School. but also facilitate the broader dissemination of findings.

NON-FEDERAL EXTERNAL SUPPORT UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH COLLABORATO R S Alzheimer’s Association Alzheimer’s Research Center American Association of Critical Care Nurses Benedum Geriatric Center American Cancer Society Center for Bioethics American Diabetes Association Center for Biomedical Informatics American Nurses Foundation Center for Healthy Aging Emergency Nursing Association Center for Late Life Depression Hartford Foundation Center for Neuroscience Oncology Nursing Society Center for Research in Social and Racial Problems Organon (School of Social Work) Nursing Foundation of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Public Health Pennsylvania Department of Health Obesity Nutrition and Research Center Schering-Plough School of Dentistry Sigma Theta Tau School of Education Staunton Farm Foundation School of Medicine University Center for Social and Urban Research FEDERAL SUPPORT University of Pittsburgh Institute to Enhance Department of Defense Palliative Care Health Resources & Service Administration

National Cancer Institute OUTSIDE COLLABORATO R S National Institute of Child Health & Brown University Human Development Carnegie-Mellon University National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive Howard University & Kidney Diseases Penn State University National Institute of Mental Health Persad Center National Institute of Nursing Research Pittsburgh Public Schools National Science Foundation University of Akron University of Arizona S U B C O N T R ACT S University of Georgia Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh University of Michigan Magee-Women’s Hospital Research Corporation University of Texas at San Antonio Penn State University UPMC Health System University of Kentucky Research Foundation VA: Geriatric Research and Education Center Visiting Nurses Association – Allegheny County UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH West Virginia University SPONSORED AWA R D S Central Medical Research Fund Central Research Development Fund High Performance Network Innovation in Education YOU CAN HELP

YOU CAN DONATE TO THE UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF NURSING RESEARCH PROGRAM THROUGH THE UNITED WAY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. THE CONTRIBUTOR CHOICE NUMBER IS 1249592

P I T T N U R S E SUMMER 2003 1 3 RESEARCH U N D E R S T U D I E S :

NURTURING THE INVESTIGATORS OF TO M O R R OW

BY STEPHANIE WENTWO R T H

“WE’RE TRYING TO MAKE CLO N E S , ” says Jud i t h health care providers. Erlen says it isn’t difficult to pinpoint why so many exce p t i o n a l Erlen, PhD, RN, FAAN, professor and coordinator nursing res e a r chers come from Pit t . of the Uni v ersity of Pittsburgh School of Nur s i n g ’s “We have designed flexible programs that keep pace with the changing doctoral program. She pauses for a moment, then a demands of health care systems and which meet the unique needs of each student,” Erlen explains. “Under the careful mentorship of a faculty res e a rc h e r , our doctoral playful smile spreads across her face. “No, we aren ’t and master’s students are developing critical thinking and independent decision- making duplicates of sheep or human beings. We’re making skills that are applicable in virtually any setting. Once they graduate from tr ying to shape the res e a r ch skills of our students Pitt, our students are prep a r ed to make an important contribution to the advan c e - to refl ect the competencies of our faculty. We want ment of nursing science.” our students to become stellar res e a r chers in their The School of Nur s i n g ’s master’s program provides a good entry point for stu- own right.” dents who want a career in nursing res e a r ch. Mar y Ann Sevick, ScD, RN, associate A lofty goal indeed, but the School of Nursing is pr ofessor and program coordinator for the master’s specialty in nursing res e a r ch, says making good on that promise. A “Wh o ’s Wh o ” list of the School of Nursing strives to prep a r e nurses who conduct and coordinate clinical the nation’s most prestigious nursing re s e a rc h e r s res e a r ch. “Th e r e is a dire need for master’s- p re p a r ed nurses with training in clinical includes investigators who prep a r ed for their careers by res e a r ch who will serve as study coordinators, data collectors, res e a r ch compliance studying at Pitt. These res e a r chers are providing answer s auditors, and human subjects rev i e w staff,” Sevick says. “Pitt is among only a few to some of the most perplexing questions facing today’s schools of nursing in the United States that offers a master’s concentration in res e a rc h . ”

1 4 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH D O CTORAL STUDENT GEORGE RODWAY IS FOCUSING HIS RESEARCH ON THE EFFECTS OF SHORT-TERM INTERMITTENT EXPOSURE TO HYPOX I A .

Students entering the master’s specialty in nursing res e a r ch take a 40-cred i t Lisa Carozza, BSN, BS, RN, a second-year MSN pr ogram comprised of the core courses for all master’s students, along with res e a rc h student, finds it invaluable to learn from experts in their cognates and electives. The core serves as the basis for increasing students’ knowl - res p e c t i v e fields. “Wh a t ’s most appealing about this edge of nursing theory, use of technology, and health care outcomes. Res e a r ch pr ogram is that classes are taught by instructors who are cognates include coursewo r k in statistics, res e a r ch computing, coordinating clinical ac t i v ely invol v ed in res e a r ch,” says Carozza, who trials, and professional communication. Ele c t i v es are chosen to enhance students’ ev entually wants to become a principal investigator for sc i e n t i fi c base in their area of res e a r ch interest. Students also have res e a r ch practicum studies that invol v e clinical interventions for patients experiences in which they are paired with established res e a r chers to learn the th r oughout the lifespan. “The faculty offers rea l - l i f e pr ocesses and skills for conducting clinical res e a r ch. Curriculum req u i r ements can applications of the principles being taught.” be met through a variety of courses offered through the Uni v ersity of Pit t s b u r g h Some master’s students become so enthralled with School of Nursing, the School of Medicine, the Graduate School of Public Hea l t h , nursing res e a r ch that they decide to take their studies or other schools of the Health Sciences. to an even higher level. “Once master’s students get Sevick points out that master’s students are exposed to the entire res e a rc h a taste of res e a r ch, they often aspire to conduct their pr ocess. “Students are invol v ed in literature rev i e ws, data collection, instrum e n t own studies,” says Sevick. “They soon rec o g n i z e that de v elopment, data entry and analysis, development of presentations, the IRB the best way to further their res e a r ch career is to get a pr ocess, and res e a r ch audits,” she says. “Some students even implement res e a rc h doctoral degree . ” ideas of their own, conducting their own independent res e a r ch project under the For doctoral students, the School of Nursing stands guidance of an experienced res e a rc h e r. ” out as one of the nation’s most intensive res e a r ch

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P I T T N U R S E SUMMER 2003 1 5 JUDITH ERLEN, COORDINATOR OF THE PHD PROGRAM (LEFT), MENTO R I N G JULIE (EUNSEOK) CHA, A SECOND-YEAR DOCTORAL STUDENT (RIGHT).

en v i r onments – an ideal setting in which to develop a kn o wledge about their selected field. That will also strengthen their res e a r ch solid foundation in empirical res e a r ch and theory. “Th e competence by developing an understanding of essential knowledge from related fiel d s School of Nursing offers a nurturing environment for applicable to a focused area of study in nursing.” the pursuit of res e a r ch excellence, whether you are col- Early in the program, doctoral students select an area of res e a r ch interest that laborating with other academic units or preparing you r matches the res e a r ch emphasis of a particular member of the faculty. Students can wo r k primarily within the School of Nursing,” says choose from adolescent health, chronic disorders, and critical care areas of emphasis. George Rod w a y , MSN, CRNP, who is slated to gradu- “Me n t o r ed opportunities are built into the PhD curriculum to help students learn ate with a PhD degree in 2004. “I decided to come to res e a r ch from funded, experienced res e a r chers,” Erlen says. “Finding a match for a Pitt because it is on the cutting edge of a new generation student and faculty member is crucial, because it guides the type of res e a r ch and of knowl e d g e . ” co u r s ew o r k a student undertakes. This provides opportunities for the doctoral student Doctoral students take intensive coursewo r k that to work alongside a faculty mentor. As a result, students can apply their understand- di r ectly relates to their res e a r ch interests and select a ing of the knowledge they have gained in the classroom to real-life res e a r ch focal field of cognates outside the School of Nur s i n g . experiences. Students also gain res e a r ch skills that will be beneficial to them when they “We encourage students to take advantage of all the st a r t their own res e a r ch proj e c t s . ” pr ograms offered by the School of Nursing and other Rodway was attracted to the Uni v ersity of Pittsburgh because it offered him the schools and departments at the Un i versity of op p o r tunity to engage in physiologically-oriented res e a r ch in an interdi s c i p l i n a r y Pittsburgh,” says Erlen. “Taking coursewo r k from acros s en v i r onment. “I have had an opportunity to make invaluable connections with other various disciplines will help students to increase their academic units throughout the Uni ve r s i t y ,” he says. “As a PhD student, I’m quite

1 6 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH “ The School encourages and mentors young researchers to build their own topic, project, and program of research.” — Sandra Engberg

ce r tain I could not accomplish this type of res e a r ch po s t - t r eatment continence for the homebound elderly. “The School encourages and at most of the other schools or colleges of nursing in mentors young res e a r chers to build, in increasing specifici t y , their own topic, proj e c t , this country.” and program of res e a r ch.” Graduates of both the doctoral and master’s pro- Faculty of the School of Nursing often discover that mentoring a student res e a rc h e r grams have used their education as a springboard for can be a mutually rewa r ding experience. Gayle Whitman (BSN ’74), associate prof e s s o r di v erse res e a r ch careers in a variety of specialties. San d r a and a res e a r cher who is studying how nurse staffing levels can influence patient compli- Eng b e r g ’s diverse experiences as a student helped launch cations, says even seasoned res e a r chers can learn from their students. “Students, both a multi-faceted caree r . Engberg (PhD ’93, MSN ’87), undergraduate and graduate, bring a unique perspective and energy to the res e a rc h who conducted her dissertation res e a r ch on self-man- team,” says Whitman, PhD, RN, FAAN. “From our res e a r ch, students learn how the agement and treatment seeking behavior among rur a l wo r k of a nurse can be measured and then related to patient complications. In turn, we older women with urinary incontinence, is curren t l y ha v e gained insight from our students about how novices as well as expert staff view and chair of the Dep a r tment of Health Promotion and identify patient complications in their practice.” Dev elopment and an assistant professor at the School Wh a t e v er they decide to do with their careers, master’s and doctoral students are of Nursing. eager to put their own imprint in the chronicles of nursing res e a r ch. “Our students are “The strengths of the School of Nur s i n g ’s res e a rc h wo n d e r ful, extremely dedicated, and eager to learn,” says Erlen. “We provide students ar e mentoring, support, sensitivity, and acceptance of with the skills and tools to do their life’s work. We’re proud that so many of our students di v ersity among faculty and students,” says Eng b e r g , ha v e made, and are continuing to make, important contributions to nursing res e a rc h . ” who is focusing her present res e a r ch on managing

P I T T N U R S E SUMMER 2003 1 7 CUTTING EDGE I M P R OVING VENTILATOR WEANING PROCES S E S

HELPING TO RESTORE SPONTANEOUS BREATHING

BY MARK SOROKA For all its life-saving benefits, however, long-term mechanical ventilation has serious drawbacks. Happ says LTMV is invasive, expensive, and associated with a high risk of serious complications. “Patients may experience inflammation and infection of the airways, lung collapse and injury to the lungs, decreases in blood pres s u r e and cardiac function, and atrophy of muscles because of inactivity,” she explains. “More o ver , those who are dependent on long-term mechanical ventilation have restricted mobility and socialization. MR. “K,” A 75-YEAR-OLD PATIENT with emphysema, was becoming agitated. They may also suffer from psychological consequences, Lying in a bed in a corner of the intensive care unit, he began to tug at an oral such as anxiety, depression, or post-traumatic stres s , endotracheal tube that coiled from his nose and mouth to a humming ven t i l a t o r . due to their incapacitation. It is important to quickly Growing alarmed, Mr. “K’s” daughter leaned over his bedside. “What’s wrong, facilitate weaning to prev ent these complications and dad?” she asked. harmful side effects from occurring.” Mr. “K” tried to whisper a few words but was rendered speechless by the hard Happ points out that a superior weaning tech- plastic breathing tube in his mouth. Unable to verbalize, Mr. “K” gestured towards nique or ventilator mode for LTMV patients has not his throat. been identified. In fact, many clinicians believe the “He wants me to remove the breathing tube,” said Bill, a respiratory therapist manner or process in which a particular mode of who was adjusting the dials on the ventilator. Bill gently pulled Mr. “K’s” hand weaning is applied may have a greater impact on from the tube. “I know this is causing you a lot of discomfort, but you aren’t quite weaning success than the mode itself. For instance, ready to breathe on your own yet. Just let the ventilator do its job.” various mechanical adjustments can be made within a For most of us, breathing seems so natural we often aren’t aware we are even single mode. inhaling and exhaling. But for Mr. “K” and other patients with pulmonary prob- “We still aren’t sure whether one technique is lems, the simple act of breathing can be excruciatingly difficult. As a result, people superior to another,” says Happ. “However, we are experiencing serious respiratory difficulties are dependent upon a ventilator to stay encouraged by improvements in ventilator technolo- alive. For some patients, it can be weeks or even months until they can breathe gy. Low volume ventilations and micro adjustments to without the assistance of a ven t i l a t o r . Mar y Beth Hap p , PhD, RN, assistant prof e s - simulate the patient’s individual breathing pattern, sor at the School of Nursing, is using a $575,000, three - y ear grant from the Nat i o n a l volume, rate, and effort show great promise in helping Institute of Nursing Res e a r ch to study how the processes of care and communica- patients to wean.” tion help patients who are being weaned from long-term mechanical ven t i l a t i o n . Happ is observing weaning interventions in a Long-term mechanical ventilation (LTMV) occurs in up to 20% of patients “natural laboratory” – the intensive care unit where who receive mechanical ventilation for post-operative complications, chronic pul- the patient is actually receiving treatment. “Quite monary diseases, neuromuscular disease, spinal cord injuries, respiratory traumas, often, qualitative research consists of reflective inter- and diagnoses of acute respiratory failure. Mechanical ventilation helps with respi- views with clinicians,” Happ says. “You can get some ratory function until patients can breathe by themselves. While some patients good data but that is usually after the fact. It isn’t return to spontaneous breathing without serious complications, others must be unusual for re s e a rch participants to forget some weaned more gradually from ventilator support. And there are other patients who details. We are observing the weaning event close to are unable to be weaned from mechanical ventilation and who become dependent upon this technology as a chronic form of life support.

1 8 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH THE MANNER OR PROCESS IN WHICH A PARTICULAR MODE OF WEANING IS APPLIED MAY HAVE A G R E ATER IMPACT ON WEANING SUCCESS THAN THE MODE ITSELF.

the patient’s bedside, as inconspicuously as possible. In addition, we are debriefing patients in the intensive care unit and patients recu- caregivers for their perspective of the weaning event.” perating from head-and-neck cancer surgeries. During the course of her study, Happ will examine various factors that influ- “Most patients who were able to complete simple ence how patients successfully wean from long-term mechanical ventilation, memory, attention, and motor tasks were able to use including interpersonal interactions, therapeutic strategies, and social and environ- these devices as a communication strategy while they mental factors. Happ is seeking answers for several puzzling questions: ‘What goes were unable to speak,” says Happ, who recently on during the process of weaning? What clinician behaviors are associated with suc- received a $1,175,000, five-year research grant from cessful weaning from LTMV? Are there differences in behaviors, such as distraction the National Institute of Child Health and Human or clinician presence during weaning trials? Do the clinicians, technicians, or fam- De velopment for a clinical intervention study: ily members who are present elicit greater patient involvement?’ “Improving Communication Among Non-Speaking Once her study is completed, Happ hopes to offer weaning strategies to a ICU Patients.” The project will use the acronym, multi-disciplinary team, including the physician, acute care nurse practitioner, res- SPEACS (Study of Patient-Nurse Effectiveness with piratory therapist, physical therapists, and rehabilitation nurse. “This will help fill Assisted Communication Strategies). important gaps in our understanding of advanced specialty clinician practice so Happ feels her various research programs are tied that interventions can be standardized and tested for application in both advanced together because of the similar plight shared by practice nurse and physician models of care,” Happ explains. patients who have respiratory tract intubation during Happ says these strategies will apply to different types of clinicians because hospitalization. “Respiratory tract intubation limits weaning from LTMV is a process that involves several disciplines working to- these patients from fully representing their feelings, gether, including family caregivers. “Families can offer support, encouragement, thoughts, physical symptoms, and desire for treat- distraction, and a sense of normalization of the environment or conversation,” she ments to clinicians, caregivers, and family members,” says. “Many patients become anxious during weaning and family members can she says. “I want to help patients breathe easier and either ease or worsen that apprehension.” become independent of mechanical ventilation as Happ, who has a clinical and research background in acute and critical care, soon as possible, so they can resume and regain full previously conducted a pilot study that explored the feasibility of a computerized, human interaction and communication.” augmentative communication (AC) device for use with temporarily non-vocal

P I T T N U R S E SUMMER 2003 1 9 A LUMNI SNAPSHOT M ar y Ke r r

SEARCHING FOR CLUES TO FORECAST VASOSPASMS

BY MARK SOROKA vasospastic episode. According to Kerr, SAH is a clinical emergency that can strike healthy individuals anytime (although it typically affects people from their late forties to late sixties and slightly more women than men). A subtype of stroke, SAH causes a sudden rupture of a cerebral vessel and hemorrhages into the space between the brain and the skull. “In an occlusive stroke, a clot forms or plaque builds up in the ves- sels and stops the flow of blood to a region of the brain,” Kerr explains. “By contrast, SAH is a structural abnormality in which blood vessels expand like a balloon, until they rupture and leak blood in the spaces sur- IT STARTED OUT as a splitting headache. The 48- rounding the brain.” year-old woman felt as if a gigantic vise was squeezing Kerr adds that SAH patients require immediate hospitalization; her skull. A few minutes later she began vomiting vio- otherwise, without adequate oxygenated blood flow, brain tissue will die. lently and slumped to the floor. The woman was If the patient survives the initial SAH injury, chances of recovery are good immediately rushed to a nearby hospital. The diagno- with a rigorous rehabilitation regimen. However, up to 50 percent of these sis? One of her major blood vessels had ruptured and patients may have such a severe vasospasm that they develop symptoms of was spilling blood under her skull. This woman had cerebral ischemia up to 14 days following the initial hemorrhage. just suffered a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) – a “Because the brain tissue is in such a compromised state, vessels may l i f e - t h reatening condition that can unexpectedly constrict so much that blood can’t flow through to the brain,” says Kerr. strike healthy persons over the age of 21. “That causes a vasospasm with symptoms similar to a stroke. This sec- Prompt surgery saved the woman’s life and her ondary insult to the brain can create as much damage, if not more, than prognosis looked excellent until the unthinkable hap- the first insult.” pened. While resting comfortably in the intensive care Typically, a nurse is assigned to monitor patients recovering from unit, her cerebral blood vessels began to spasm and SAH. But the only way nurses can detect the occurrence of a secondary constrict, causing a dangerous relapse. The woman vasospasm is through observation of clinical symptoms. “Generally, these eventually recovered but she was subjected to the nurses closely observe the patient for changes in their level of conscious- stress of a secondary insult to her brain. Mary Kerr, ness,” Kerr says. “Nurses also check for motor deficits, such as droopy eye PhD, RN, FAAN, a professor at the School of or weakness in an arm or leg. That’s usually an indicator that something Nursing, says that scenario might have been avoided is going wrong. But, in some cases, that might be too late to stop or with a better forecasting mechanism. reverse the vasospasm.” “Early identification and intervention might pre- While there is evidence suggesting that decreased cerebral oxygena- vent serious complications such as secondary stroke if tion or brain activity from a cerebral vasospasm may be detected by clinicians could better predict to whom and when different types of neurophysiological monitoring, no systematic study has cerebral vasospasms will occur,” says Kerr (MNEd been undertaken to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the individ- ’81). “That could also result in shorter hospital stays ual monitoring techniques against periodic clinical nursing neurologic and improve functional outcomes.” assessment, the traditional standard of care. Kerr has been using a $1.7 million, four-year grant Kerr’s study could help revolutionize care for patients recovering fr om the National Institute of Nursing Res e a r ch to from SAH. Using noninvasive technology, Kerr’s team is monitoring SAH conduct a monitoring study that may help pred i c t patients during the critical 1-14 day period following the initial sub- when patients with SAH may be at risk for a secondary arachnoid hemorrhage.

2 0 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH N E U R O - D I AGNOSTIC MONITORING COULD HELP IDENTIFY VA S O S PASM IN A MORE TIMELY WAY.

“We want to follow these patients during the they did not have a history of heart disease,” Kerr period when they are at greatest risk,” Kerr says. “We points out. “These findings begged the question: Are want to see if these non-invasive neuro-diagnostic these symptoms related to cerebral vasospasm? Are the tools show a decrease of oxygenated blood in the brain coronary vessels also in vasospasm? We are monitoring earlier than when a nurse’s exam show that the patient the cardiac status of these patients more closely to has a deficit occurring. That way, appropriate treat- answer these questions. We are also looking at bio- ment can be started much sooner.” chemical markers in the blood and cerebral spinal flui d Kerr’s team – which includes researchers from to determine if the same chemical may be res p o n s i b l e fields such as neurosurgery, neurophysiology, neuro- for vasospasm in both the brain and the heart. ra d i o l o g y , and critical care nursing – is using a combination Ne u ro-diagnostic monitoring won’t pre vent of diagnostic tools to monitor vasospastic episodes, a subarachnoid hemorrhage from occurring in the including near-infrared technology. Patches are first place, Kerr stresses, nor is it a treatment for applied to the patient’s head and data is fed back to a vasospasm. But it could help identify vasospasm in a computer.Team members trace a signal from the cor- more timely way. tex of the brain that shows the amount of oxygenated “ If we can prove that intense, non-inva s i ve, neu- blood being delivered through vessels to the brain, rophysiologic monitoring detects vasospasms earlier along with the speed that oxygen is being delivered to than clinical assessments, it could eventually become brain tissue. Nurses from the neuro-intensive care unit a standard monitoring technique,” says Ke r r, who is at UPMC Presbyterian are helping to collect and ver- also conducting a study to find a re l a t i o n s h i p ify patient data. By the time this study is completed, b e t ween a person’s genes and certain types of amino nearly 200 patients from Presbyterian’s intensive care acid levels following traumatic brain injury. unit will have been tracked. “Treatments can be initiated more quickly with less In the course of monitoring vasospasms, Kerr chance for neurological damage. And that could made an intriguing discovery. “While following our result in better patient outcomes.” subjects, we noticed that some patients began exhibit- ing cardiac and pulmonary symptoms, even though

P I T T N U R S E SUMMER 2003 2 1 STUDENT SNAPSHOT D o n na Caruthers

SNUFFING OUT A DANGEROUS ADDICT I O N

BY ALISON MCBEE

THE CASE FOR KICKING THE HABIT is over whelming. In the Caruthers is offering patients those behavioral tools that United States, cigarette smoking is the leading cause of heart disease, could help them to quit smoking for good. Fifty-one adult lung cancer, chronic obstruc t i v e pulmonary disease, and a multitude subjects from UPMC Presbyterian, who have conditions such as myocardial infarctions, chronic obstructive pulmonary dis- of other illnesses and conditions. More o ver , smoking interfe r es with ease, seizure disorders, and brain tumors, are participating in the healing of wounds and fractures, and also increases prem a t u r e C a ru t h e r s’ current study. During their hospitalization, facial wrinkling. patients are receiving baseline measurements and the initial But sometimes it takes a medical wake-up call to convince smokers intervention. All patients are informed about the benefits of how dangerous cigarettes and other tobacco products can be to their tobacco abstinence, consequences of continuing to smoke, health. It is often during hospitalization for a serious illness or condition and strategies useful for combating the urge to smoke. In when patients realize quitting smoking is no longer an option, but a addition, patients are provided with referrals to websites and necessity. organizations, including an enhancement program offered by “Health care professionals regard hospitalization as a ‘window of UPMC Health System in Pittsburgh. Patients are then ran- opportunity’ for patients who should stop smoking,” says Donna domly placed in either a usual care or special intervention Caruthers (MSN’82, BSN ’78), a doctoral student at the School of study group. Participants in the usual care group will not Nursing. “Hospitalized smokers realize they have to take better care of receive a follow-up intervention, whereas participants in the themselves. They may finally recognize that it’s time to quit smoking. special intervention group will receive a series of eight phone Hospitals are the ideal setting to begin a smoking cessation intervention calls during a three-month period following their discharge because they lack many of the environmental cues that can trigger a from the hospital. These follow-up phone calls are aimed at smoking response.” preventing relapse by promoting confidence in the patient’s The National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) awarded ability to quit smoking. Three and six months later, Caruthers Caruthers a pre-doctoral fellowship award to study the effectiveness of will also revisit these patients for follow-up of their effort in a hospital intervention for patients who smoke. Caruthers is assessing tobacco abstinence. the presence of nicotine withdrawal in hospitalized patients and is According to Caruthers, the most challenging phase helping them adopt smoking cessation behaviors before their release of her study occurs after patients are discharged from the from the hospital. hospital. She says many patients begin to make progress with In a prior study that was funded by the American Nu r s e s smoking cessation at the hospital, only to suffer a relapse Foundation, Caruthers analyzed consumption characteristics, chronic in their home environment, where smoking cues are well conditions, socioeconomic status, and other similarities that may com- established and often hard to resist. In addition, patients who monly occur among patients with smoking behaviors. The findings were are striving to quit smoking may or may not have social e ye opening. Caruthers discove red that approximately 25 percent of support from their loved ones. h o spitalized patients were smokers. Of those patients, 50 percent “It is very difficult for some of these patients to follow a remembered receiving cessation messages from their physicians, 30 per- behavioral intervention once they return home,” Caruthers cent received messages from their nurses, and only nine to 10 percent says. “Going back to a familiar home/work environment may were actually offered assistance. More than 60 percent of those patients trigger an urge to smoke. Even driving a car may be a trigger attempted to quit smoking after discharge. However, most of those for patients to smoke, since that’s often the first environment patients eventually relapsed. they enter following their hospital discharge.” “Many of those individuals were motivated to quit,” Caruthers Distraction techniques can be very effective for patients says, “but they lacked self-confidence in their ability to quit smoking when battling urges to smoke, Caruthers adds. “Distraction or and didn’t have the behavioral tools to be successful.” substitute activities work in part because smoking urges are

2 2 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH WITHOUT PROPER INTERVENTION, MANY PATIENTS RESUME SMOKING UPON DISCHARGE FROM THE HOSPITA L .

RESEARCH STUDIES OF D O CTORAL STUDENTS

Donna Caruthers, MSN, RN “Enhancing Smoking Cessation In The Hospital i z e d Patient” (National Insti t u t e of Nursing Research ) “C h a ra c te r i s tics of Hospitalized Smoker s” (American Nu r ses Fou n d a t i o n ) “Ps y chometric Examination of the Tob a c co Absti n e n c e Se l f - E f f i c acy Scal e” (Eta Chapter of Sigma Theta Tau ) “A Psy chometric Study of the Per cei v ed Trea t m e n t Ef f i c acy Scal e for Tob a c co Absti n e n c e” (Pau l i n e Thompson Award, Pen n s y l vania Nurses Fou n d a t i o n ) Ma rg a r et Fer ons, MSN, RN, CRNP “D i a b e t es Mellitus and Reprod u c t i v e Health Educat i o n for Teen Girls and Moms: A Pilot Study” (Sigma Theta Tau / A m e r i c an Diabetes Association) Je n n i f er Lingler Hagerty, MSN, RN, CRNP “Expanding the Boundaries of Dementia Care” (P re - d o c to r al fel l owship funded by the John A. Ha r t fo r d Fou n d a t i o n ) “Ps yc h o lo g i c al Outcomes and Vigilance among Ca re g i ve r s of Cholinester ase Inhibitor Recipients” (Sigma Theta Tau International, Eta Chapter / Pa u l i n e Thompson Award, Nursing Foundation of Pen n s y l van i a ) “Ps yc h o lo g i c al Symptoms and Vigilance among Wom e n Caring for Cholinester ase Inhibitor Recipients” (Wo m e n ’ s Studies Prog r am, Univer sity of Pittsburgh ) intense, but short in duration. Some patients can resist the urge to smoke by Ge o r ge Rodway, MSN, CRNP chewing gum instead or engaging in an activity as simple as getting a glass of “I n te r m i t t ent Hypoxia: Impact on Cardi o vas c u l a r water. For patients who habitually reach for a cigarette following a meal, a Para m e te r s and Oxidative Stres s” (Leslie A. Hoffman change in routine may be helpful. Those individuals are encouraged to leave Ac u t e Care Research Award, Univer sity of Pittsburgh the table after a meal and participate in a substitute activity.” School of Nursi n g ) “Ruth Perkins Kuehn Award” (Eta Chapter of Sigma Caruthers became interested in researching smoking cessation with hospi- Th e t a Tau ) talized patients while teaching nursing students in a peripheral vascular unit at “I n te r m i t t ent Hypoxia: Impact on Cardi o vas c u l a r a Pittsburgh hospital. One of her patients, a diabetic, had a deep foot wound Para m e te r s and Oxidative Stres s” (National Insti t u t e of that wasn’t healing. Amputation appeared to be inevitable for that man. Health, Pre- d o c to r al Fel l owship from NIH) “I n te r m i t t ent Hypoxia: Impact on Cardi o vas c u l a r “While working with this patient, we discovered he was using chewing Para m e te r s and Oxidative Stres s” (Sigma Theta Tau tobacco to curb his craving for nicotine,” Caruthers recalls. “I told this man In t ernational, Eta Chapter / A m e r i c an Lung Asso c i a t i o n ) that continued usage of tobacco could prevent his wound from healing. I asked Mary Kay Mortimer-Stephens, MSN, MS, RN the patient if he would consider complete tobacco abstinence. The patient “The Relationship of Memory and Medication Adheren c e thought quitting was a long shot, but he decided to give tobacco abstinence a in Community-Dwelling Elderly with Type 2 Diabetes ” try with assistance. Fortunately, this patient did quit using tobacco and was dis- (A m e r i c an Association of Diabetes Educato rs ) “The Relationship of Memory to Medication Adheren c e charged with his leg intact. That experience provided my students and me with in Elderly Per sons with OA or RA Living in the a great learning experience. Not only did we discover how much tobacco Community” (Arthritis Fou n d a t i o n ) impairs wound healing, but we also learned that nursing intervention at the “Memory and Medication Adheren c e in Diabetic Elderly” bedside can be very effective for promoting smoking cessation.” (Sigma Theta Tau / G l a xo We l l com e ) Caruthers hopes to build on this study by eventually developing an inter- E. Sue Lehman-Trzynka, MSN, RN vention to enhance hospitalized patients’ adherence to smoking cessation inter- “P re d i c to r s of Medication Adheren c e in Women with HIV” (National Insti t u t es of Health/ National Research ventions. “Most of the patients I encounter are desperate to quit smoking,” Se r v i c e Award) says Caruthers. “When you have the opportunity to work with these patients “Ps y chosocial Pred i c to r s of Adheren c e to Antiret r ovi ra l and observe their success in quitting smoking, it is an eye-opening observation Me d i c ations in Women with HIV Infection” (Sigma Theta of the effects of motivation, determination, self-confidence, and strategy pro- Tau International, Beta Omega Chapter, Northern Illinois Univers i t y ) cessing. It is truly rewarding when these patients are successful and you have witnessed their valiant effort.”

P I T T N U R S E SUMMER 2003 2 3 SCHOOL OF NURSING RESEARCH STUDIES

Susan Albrecht, PhD, RN, FAA N be a significant challenge, because the majority of individuals who los e “Pregnant Teen FreshStart Nursing Intervention” weight regain approxi m a te l y one-third of that weight within one yea r . The smoking prevale n c e rat e among teenage, pregnant women has been Bu r k e is intere s ted in lon g - t erm adheren c e to weight management pro- est i m a t ed at 28-42%, with nearly three - q u a r te r s of these women con t i n - gr ams that are specifical l y geared to prevent card i o vascular disease. She uing to smoke throughout their pregnancies. The damaging effect of cig- is focusing her res e a r ch on adheren c e to card i o vascular risk red u c t i o n are t t e smoking on the fetus, mother, and other fam i l y members is wel l tr eatment stra t egies. In particular, her res e a r ch tes ts the efficacy of do c u m e n t ed. Albrec h t ’ s res e a r ch focuses on smoking ces sation during be h a v i o r al inter v entions to improve adheren c e to treatment modalities pr egnancy, relapse prevention, and prevention of initiation of smoking in using diet and exer cise (e.g., adheren c e to a choles tero l - l owering eating pre - t eens. The over all pred i c t i v e succes s of Albrec h t ’ s model has been plan), and more rece n t l y, adheren c e to a lacto- o vo- ve g e t arian eating plan 87%, primarily ref l ecting the prediction of current smoking, which sug- plus exer cise for weight los s. Her res e a r ch intere s ts also include self- ge s ted alcohol use and les s compatibility of peer vs. parent views wer e ef f i c acy theory and its use as a theoret i c al basis for inter v entions, as wel l ass o c i a t ed with relapse to smoking. In conclusion, the group cess a t i o n as measurement of the con s truct. Burke has learned that individuals who in te r v ention, cou p l ed with peer buddy support, was an effec t i v e prog ra m want to achieve lon g - t erm succes s in managing their weight should adopt for short-term inter v ention. permanent healthy eating and exer cise habits, rather than merel y fol l ow- ing a tem p o r ary “prog r am” or “diet.” Catherine Bender, PhD, RN “A Pilot Study of Fatigue and Quality of Life in Patients with Denise Charron - P ro c h o wnik, PhD, RN, CPNP He p a to c ellular Carcinoma Receiving Intrahepatic Arter i a l “R e p ro d u c t i v e Health Awaren e s s for Teens with Diabetes” Ch e m o t h e r apy” (Ortho Biotech, Inc.) (A m e r i c an Diabetes Asso c i a t i o n ) “C o g n i t i v e Function and Reprod u c t i v e Hormones in Prem e n o p a u s a l Di a b e t es can affect all aspects of human sexu a l i t y . This includes rep r o- Bre a s t Cancer” (American Cancer Society) du c t i v e function (e.g., menstrual irregularities), sexual dysfunction (e.g., “A Pilot Study of the Efficacy of an Inter v ention to Compensate for h y p o g lycemia during sexual activity, increased vaginal infe c t i o n s , Learning, Memory, and Attention Deficits fol l owing Chemotherapy de c r eased vaginal lubrication), and perinatal com p l i c ations (e.g., con g e n - for Brea s t Cancer” it al abnormalities, spontaneous abortion). Yet, most adoles c ent wom e n (Department of Defense/U.S. Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity) with diabetes are unaware or have miscon c eptions about the effects of “C o g n i t i v e Function, Mood, and Antidepres sant with Inter fe r on” di a b e t es on rep ro d u c t i v e health and their risks for com p l i ca t i o n s . (ONS Fou n d a t i o n ) Fur t h e r m o r e, most teenage women are not informed that many of these On co l ogy treatment is more effec t i v e than ever, but it can tak e its toll on pro b l ems may be preven ta b l e by maintaining tight metabolic con t ro l , the patient. One of Bender’s studies is examining the prob l em of ext re m e pr acticing proa c t i v e rep ro d u c t i v e health behaviors, and rec eiving pre- fatigue and deter i o r ation of quality of life in patients with hepatoce l l u l a r co n ception counseling (PC). Charro n - P ro c h ownik is deve loping an car cinoma who are rec eiving intrahepatic chemotherap y . In another in te r v ention utilizing stat e-of-the-art, individualized, intera c t i v e CD-ROM study, Bender will provide a com p re h e n s i v e description of cog n i t i v e tec h n o l ogy to increase rep ro d u c t i v e health awaren e s s and to stre s s the impairment and its underlying mechanisms re l a ted to adjuva n t im p o r ta n c e of preco n c eption counseling for young diabetic women early ch e m o t h e r apy in women with brea s t can ce r . Based on the findings of that in their child-bearing yea r s, prior to the onset of sexual activity. Early study, she is conducting a pilot study of a behavioral inter v ention to results indicat e that multimedia tec h n o l ogy may fac i l i ta t e learning help women with brea s t can c er learn to com p e n s a t e for the atten t i o n , in f ormation more rap i d l y and with grea t er ease, and result in better user learning, and memory deficits they ex p e r i e n ce fo l lowing adjuva n t sa t i s f action than through con v entional methods. ch e m o t h e r apy for brea s t can ce r . Bender is also conducting a ran d o m - ized, double-blind, placeb o - co n t ro l l ed, clinical trial of the prop h y l a c t i c Susan Cohen, DSN, APRN use of an antidepres sant for the prevention of depres sion and cog n i t i v e “Menopausal Symptom Relief for Women with Brea s t Cancer” impairment in patients with melanoma rec eiving high-dose inter fe ro n (National Insti t u t es of Health/National Cancer Insti t u t e) th e ra p y . Bender has learned that cog n i t i v e impairment asso c i a t ed with For many yea r s, Wes tern nations have used hormone rep l a c ement thera- ch e m o t h e r apy for can c er most com m o n l y includes deficits in atten t i o n , py (HRT) as the primary form of treatment for menopausal symptom s learning, memory, psych o m o t or efficiency, and exec u t i v e function. such as hot flashes, headaches, insomnia, and anxiety. However, stu d i e s sh o w that estr ogen increases the risk of uterine can c er, and that estro g e n Lo r a Burke, PhD, MPH, RN combined with prog e s tin increases the risk of brea s t can c er without “T reatment Prefe re n c e and Adheren c e in Weight Loss Prog ra m s ” im p r oving the quality of life. There is a heightened risk for women who are (C e n t r al Research Devel opment Fun d ) bre a s t can c er survivor s. Cohen is conducting a randomized, placeb o - co n - “W eight Loss Motivations and Long-Term Weight Loss” tro l l ed clinical study to determine the effec t i ve n e s s of acupuncture in (National Insti t u t es of Health/National Insti t u t e of Diabetes and rel i e ving menopausal symptoms. She devel oped one of the first studies in Di g e st i v e and Kidney Diseases) the United Stat es to exp lo r e acupuncture’ s effec t i ve n e s s in alleviating hot “T reatment Prefe re n c e and Veg e t arian Diet in Weight Loss” flashes, insomnia, and nervou s n e s s. Cohen also con d u c t ed a study trac k - (National Insti t u t es of Health/National Insti t u t e of Diabetes and ing the effec t i ve n e s s of the herb Cimicifuga rac emosa (Black cohosh) for Di g e st i v e and Kidney Diseases) menopausal symptom relief and launched a study to exp lo r e adjustm e n t In the United Stat es, obesity is curren t l y described as the most com m o n af t er hystere c to m y . In the future, Cohen will exp lo r e other mind-body thera- nutritional prob l em, a significant con t r i b u t or to increased health cost , pies for menopausal symptom rel i e f . Cohen is finding that acupuncture and the second leading cause of preven ta b l e death. Treating obesity can

2 4 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH holds great promise for relief of hot flashes and sleep disruptions rel a t ed to im p o r t ant that inter v entions be established that increase the viability of menopause for women who are brea s t can c er survivors . tra n s p l a n t ed organs and ultimatel y improve the quality of survival for lung recipients. Previous studies con d u c t ed by De Vito Dabbs provide evi d e n c e Yve t t e Conley, PhD that like other health-rel a t ed transitions, lung transplant can d i d a t es fac e “I n ve s tigation of Mitochondrial Variation and Heter oplasmy in ne w challenges during their transition to becoming a lung tran s p l a n t Functional Outcome Fol l owing Neurot r auma” recipient. Therefo r e making a healthy transition is crucial if lung rec i p i - (C o m p e t i t i v e Medical Research Fun d ) ents are to attain maximal benefit from tran s p l a n t ation. Because each “Genetics of Age-Related Maculopathy” (National Insti t u t es of Health) health transition is unique, De Vito Dabbs is curren t l y conducting a stu d y “The Calcium-Sensing Recep t or and Alzheimer’s Disease” to identify ways to prom o t e the adjustment after lung tran s p l a n t ation from (A l z h e i m e r ’ s Asso c i a t i o n ) the persp e c t i v e of recipients, their families, and transplant clinicians. Sc i e n t i s ts are learning that many diseases and ailments are triggered by Ea r l y results indicat e that inter v entions to prom o t e the adjustment should variation in our DNA. Genetics could help doctor s and nurses identify be initiated pre- t r ansplant and targ e t ed towa r d enhancing com m u n i c a- patients who are at risk for devel oping cer t ain diseases and con d i t i o n s , tion and an active partnership between lung recipients and transplant and classify patients who would benefit from a particular type of inter - clinicians. It is hoped that tar geting inter v entions to the transition period vention. Fur t h e r m o r e, genetics could help explain the biology of diseases will not only prom o t e lung rec i p i e n t s ’ early adjustment, but also con t r i b u t e we curren t l y do not understand. Conley is invol ved in sever al res e a rc h to the achievement of positive outcomes over the cou r se of their survival . pr ojects examining the rol e molecular genetics plays in identifying and/or tr eating cer t ain medical conditions. In one study, Conley is invest i g a t i n g Heidi Scharf Donovan, PhD, RN ho w mitochondrial genetics is invol ved in the level of rec overy fol l owi n g “The Role of Cognitive and Emotional Repres e n t ations in Cancer br ain injury. In another study, Conley is looking for a cor r elation betwee n Sy m p t om Management” Al z h e i m e r ’ s disease and genetics. By identifying the genes that cou l d (National Insti t u t es of Health/National Insti t u t e of Nursing Research ; ma k e a person suscep t i b l e to Alzheimer’s disease, Conley hopes to iden- On co l ogy Nursing Society) tify at-risk individuals and tar get an approp r i a t e inter v ention. Conley is “WRITE Symptoms: A Cancer Symptom Management Study” also working on a study searching for the genes invol ved in age-rel a te d (In revi e w at National Insti t u t e of Nursing Research ) macular degeneration, one of the major causes of blindness in Wes ter n Individuals with can c er often exp e r i e n c e multiple, co- o c curring symp- populations. This study could lead to new forms of treatment for an oth- toms that drast i ca l l y impair functioning and quality of life. Women with erwise untrea ta b l e disord e r. These last two studies have further ovarian can c er, who exp e r i e n c e an aver age of 10-13 con c u r r ent symp- st rengthened hypotheses that individual genetic variation plays a toms, are at particular risk for negative quality of life outcomes. The su b s tantial rol e in the etiology of Alzheimer’s disease and age-rel a te d pro ce s s of trying to manage multiple symptoms can be overwhelming and macular degenerat i o n . the fac to r s that influence wom e n s ’ efforts and succes s at managing mul- ti p l e symptoms are not well understood. Working with the National Rose Constantino, PhD, JD, RN, FAA N Ov arian Cancer Coalition (NOCC), Donovan has been conducting res e a rc h “S t re s s, Social Support, and Health Outcomes in Abuse” to better understand the relationships among personality, symptom, and (C e n t r al Research Devel opment Fun d ) il l n e ss - re l a t ed cognitions and emotions (refe r r ed to as rep re s e n ta t i o n s ) , “D e l i v ery of Digital Media in Teaching and Research” coping efforts (e.g. com m u n i c ation with health car e provi d e r s, adheren c e (O f f i c e of the Provos t/High Per fo r m a n c e Network Applications Initiative) to treatment rec ommendations, and use of active coping stra t egies), and Do m e s tic abuse is the leading cause of injury for American adult fem a le s . quality of life in women with ovarian can ce r . Early results suggest that It also con t r i b u t es to a host of psych o lo g i c al and physiolog i c al disorde rs . optimism and trait anxiety have str ong influences on symptom and illness Without prompt help, some abused women even fac e the risk of death at rep re s e n t ations as well as on the quality of life. the hand of their abusers. Constantino is evaluating the effects of stre s s on the health of abused women. This study will also asse s s the effec t i ve n e s s Willa Doswell, PhD, RN of social support group inter v ention in reducing stre s s and improvi n g “A Randomized Control l ed Trial of the NIA Inter v ention” health in abused women. In addition, Constantino is conducting a stu d y (National Insti t u t es of Health/National Insti t u t e of Child Health and exp l oring the usage of digital media in teaching and res e a r ch. As part of Human Develo p m e n t ) this study, she will web ca s t a legal and for ensic nursing cou r se, develo p “I n f l u e n c es of the Conceptualization and Proce s sing of Racial a cer t i f i ca t e prog r am in legal nurse consulting and for ensic nursing, and Ste r eotypes on the Sexual Behavior of African - A m e r i c an Early exp lo r e the devel opment of a com p u te r - p r ovided res e a r ch-based inter - Ad o le s c ents: A Pilot Study Using the Theory of Mediated Action” vention prog r am for women experiencing abuse and sexual assa u l t . (C e n t er for Research in Social and Racial Prob l ems, Univer sity of Pi t t s b u rg h ) An n e t t e De Vito Dabbs, PhD, RN Ap p r oxi m a te l y 12% of this cou n t r y ’ s 34 million African - A m e r i c an adoles - “P r omoting a Healthy Transition after Lung Tran s p l a n ta t i o n ” cents are facing earlier challenges to participate in sexual activity. That (I n t ernational Society of Heart and Lung Tran s p l a n t ation, Nursing and can lead to earlier potential for pregnancy and con t r action of sexu a l l y Social Sciences Research Award) tra n s m i t t ed diseases. Doswel l ’s study is looking for ways to delay the Lung tran s p l a n t ation is among the most difficult forms of solid orga n ea r l y sexual behavior for African - A m e r i c an girls between the ages of 11 tra n s p l a n t ation performed tod a y . Over all survival after a lung tran s p l a n t and 13, using the NIA girls self-devel opment group. This group seeks to is poorer than with other organs and com p l i c ations are more freq u e n t . pro m o t e self-esteem, healthy lifest y l es, and good decision-making. In Ad d i t i o n a l l y, because of the limited availability of donor organs, it is addition, Doswell is devel oping an inter v ention to help African - A m e r i ca n

P I T T N U R S E SUMMER 2003 2 5 ad o le s c ents sort out confusing media messages and make res p o n s i b l e pro b l em and a leading cause of nursing home admissions. Even more ch o i c es when it comes to sex. She is examining the type of media that tro u b l esome, older persons may be rel u c t ant to lea v e their homes ea r l y African - A m e r i c an teens watch, inter p r eting how they watch the be c ause of the social stigma asso c i a t ed with urinary incon t i n e n ce . media, and determining how the media influences them to start sexu a l En g b e r g is curren t l y examining the effec t i ve n e s s of a relapse inter ve n t i o n behavior at an earlier age. Doswell is finding that teenage girls are not in maintaining urinary con t i n e n c e after older adults rece i v e pelvic floo r on l y adopting the dres s and hair sty l es of popular fem a l e reco rd i n g mu s c l e training. She is also looking at the cost - e f fe c t i ve n e s s of provi d i n g ar t i s ts, but also possi b l y fol l owing the exa m p l es they set in videos about this inter v ention to an elderly population. ho w to rel a t e to young men. Judith A. Erlen, PhD, RN, FAAN Jacqueline Dunbar-Jacob, PhD, RN, FAA N “Ad h e re n c e to Prot ease Inhibitor s” (National Insti t u t es of Health/ “C e n t er for Research in Chronic Disorde r s” National Insti t u t e of Nursing Research) (National Insti t u t es of Health/National Insti t u t e of Nursing Research ) Hi g h l y active antiret r ovi r al therapy (HAART) has brought an increa s e d “Ad h e re n c e in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Inter v ention Strat egies” sense of hope and optimism to persons with HIV infection. Yet, near (National Insti t u t es of Health/National Insti t u t e of Nursing Research ) pe r f ect adheren c e to the drug regimen may be neces sary to prevent HIV “I m p r oving Medication Adheren c e in Comorbid Conditions” disease prog re s sion, cross - re s i s tan c e to other drugs, and devel opment of (National Insti t u t es of Health/National Insti t u t e of Diabetes & Digesti v e vi r al mutations. Despite these rem a r k a b l e advan c es in treating HIV infec - and Kidney Diseases) tion, many people with HIV are not fully adhering to a treatment prog ra m “I m p r oving Primary Care Services: Per sonal Illness Model”* that can keep them alive, healthy, and independent. Erlen is tes ting the (National Insti t u t es of Health/National Insti t u t e of Mental Health) ef fe c t i ve n e s s of a tel ephone inter v ention based on social cog n i t i v e and “D e p re s sion and Anxiety in Lung Tran s p l a n ta t i o n ” * se l f - e f f i c acy theories to improve adheren c e in persons with HIV infec t i o n (National Insti t u t es of Health/National Insti t u t e of Mental Health) who are prescribed combination antiret r ovi r al therap y . Through this inter - “Pe r sonality and Medication Adheren c e in Tran s p l a n ta t i o n ” * vention, Erlen hopes to change the mindset of patients with HIV who do (National Insti t u t es of Health/National Insti t u t e of Mental Health) not fully adhere to taking their medications. Adheren c e to HAART has the “C e n t er for Healthy Aging” * (C e n t er for Disease Control ) po t ential to prol ong and improve the quality of life for persons with HIV “Pe r sonal Robotic Assi s tants for the Elderly” in f ection. Based on patient feedback from this study, Erlen has lea r n e d (National Science Fou n d a t i o n ) that res e a r ch tes ting the effec t i ve n e s s of an individualized adheren c e Mo r e than 50% of patients in health car e have difficulty carrying out their in te r v ention may be warran te d . tr eatment regimens. Nonadheren c e poten t i a l l y decreases the quality of li f e and often results in disease prog re s sion. Much of Dunbar-Jacob ’ s Linda Garand, PhD, APRN, BC res e a r ch has focused on patient adheren c e to treatment for a variety of “M e n t al Health Outcomes of Living with a Spouse with Mild Cognitive ch r onic illnesses and/or risk fac to r s. Dunbar-Jacob established the Impairment: A Feasibility Study” Ce n t er for Research in Chronic Disorde r s (CRCD) at the Univer sity of (WPIC Mental Health Inter v ention Research Center ) Pi t t s b u r gh School of Nursing, which provides infrast r u c t u r e support De s p i t e the pragmatic, lon g - t erm health car e policy issues that serve as for res e a r ch in chronic disorde r s focusing upon adheren c e, functional the impetus for dementia car egiving res e a r ch, psychosocial inter ve n t i o n s status, quality of life, cog n i t i v e function, co-morbidity, and socio-demo- eval u a t ed to date have only been moderate l y effec t i v e at improving health gr aphic fac to r s as they impact and are impacted by inter v ention. One ou t comes asso c i a t ed with the dementia car egiving rol e. Such con s e - particular study is determining whether differe n c es exi s t betwee n qu e n c es have negative implications for the health of our nation, given that Af r i ca n - A m e r i c ans and Caucasians in the beliefs about illness, which de m o g r aphic trends suggest a future epidemic of persons afflicted with could impact adheren c e to treatment. Studies to date suggest that as dementia requiring car e. Fur t h e r m o r e, persons with a consensus diagno- many as 50% of patients rec eiving car e for chronic conditions continue to sis of mild cog n i t i v e impairment (MCI) have a 12% annual probability of be poorly adherent to treatment regimens, with adheren c e declining over pro g re s sing to a dementing disorde r . Garand hopes to learn if preven t i v e time and treatment. Inten s i v e behavioral inter v entions make modest stra t egies can be implem e n t ed with fam i l y members of persons with MCI gains in levels of adheren c e. Dunbar-Jacob and other School of Nursi n g to prevent negative health outcomes in those fam i l y members that later res e a rc h e r s have also col l a b o ra t ed with the Carnegie Mellon Univers i t y be c ome dementia care g i ve rs . Robotics Insti t u t e in devel oping personal mobile robots that assi s t elder- ly and disabled people in their homes. Mary Beth Happ, PhD, RN “Ve n t i l a t or Weaning: Proce s ses of Care and Communication” Sa n d r a Engberg, PhD, RN, CRNP (National Insti t u t es of Health/National Insti t u t e of Nursing Research ) “Homebound Elderly: Maintaining Post - T reatment Continence” “S P E A CS: Study of Pat i e n t - N u r se Effec t i ve n e s s with Assi s ted (National Insti t u t es of Health/National Insti t u t e of Nursing Research ) Co m m u n i c ation Strat egies” “Morris Center Quality Improvement Project” (National Insti t u t es of Health/National Insti t u t e of Child Health and (C o m m o n w ealth of Pen n s y l van i a ) Human Develo p m e n t ) One of the most preval ent prob l ems in the elderly population is urinary The inability to com m u n i ca t e during critical illness can be a traumatic life in co n t i n e n c e. It is esti m a t ed that this condition affects 15% to 30% of event that is frightening, red u c es patient participation in car e and deci- com m u n i t y - d w elling older adults and 50% of institutionalized elderly sion-making, and impairs pain and symptom asse s sment. The distre s s pe r sons. Urinary incon t i n e n c e increases the risk of skin irritation and exp e r i e n c ed during this period of voi ce le ss n e s s can persi s t for months bre a kd o wn, urinary tract infections, and falls. Incon t i n e n c e is a cost l y and yea r s fol l owing inten s i v e car e unit (ICU) survival. Happ’s prog r am of

* C O - I N V E S T I GATO R 2 6 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH res e a r ch focuses on understanding and improving com m u n i c ation with po t ential to decrease the prevale n c e of atrial fibrillation and other post- non-speaking patients in acute and critical car e settings. She has partic- op e ra t i v e com p l i c ations such as bleeding and stro k e. However, becau s e ip a t ed in and con d u c t ed res e a r ch with non-speaking patients who req u i r e the baseline charac te r i s tics of patients undergoing CABG and OPCAB G lon g - t erm mechanical ventilation for 15 yea r s. Happ’s current stu d y ar e freq u e n t l y differ ent, it has been difficult to make meaningful com p a r - em p l oys ethnographic and event analysis techniques to describe the isons in com p l i c ation rat es in prior res e a r ch studies. Hravnak is con d u c t - pro ce s ses of car e and com m u n i c ation in weaning patients from lon g - ing a study to determine if there is a differe n c e in the prevale n c e of atrial term mechanical ventilation. Pilot studies exp l oring the feasibility of the fibrillation between patients undergoing stan d a r d CABG with heart-lung use of elec t r onic voi c e output com m u n i c ation aids with non-speaking ICU by p a s s and a group of patients undergoing OPCABG who are matched on and post- o p e ra t i v e head-and-neck can c er patients led Happ to develo p age, gender, the number of ves sels being bypassed, and baseline card i a c the SPEACS project. This is a clinical inter v ention study to tes t the impact function. Findings from this study will enable clinicians to deter m i n e of basic com m u n i c ation skills training for nurses and augmentat i v e and whether this newer proce d u r e is superior in decreasing the prevale n c e of al te r n a t i v e com m u n i c ation techniques and education for nurses with po st - o p e ra t i v e com p l i c ations in similar patients. individualized speech language patholog i s t con s u l t ation on the ease, quality, frequency, and succes s of com m u n i c ations between nurses and Mi l d r ed Jones, PhD, RN, CS non-speaking ICU patients. “Ethnic Differe n c es in Adheren c e to Antihyperten s i v e Medications: A Pros p e c t i v e Study” Leslie A. Hoffman, PhD, RN, FAA N (National Insti t u t es of Health/ National Insti t u t e of Nursing Research, CRCD) “I m p r oving Outcomes in Mechanical l y Ven t i l a t ed Patients” (National Studies examining the health outcomes of people with hypertension have In st i t u t es of Health/National Insti t u t e of Nursing Research ) rep o r t ed over all poorer outcomes for minorities. About 35% of African - Patients who remain dependent on mechanical ventilation for long peri- Am e r i c ans have hypertension, which con t r i b u t es to heart disease, stro ke , ods of time exp e r i e n c e high mortality and, if they are unable to wean from and kidney fai l u r e. Also, 20% of the card i o vas c u l a r - re l a t ed deaths among me c h a n i c al ventilation, they are likel y to remain in lon g - t erm car e fac i l i - Af r i ca n - A m e r i c ans are attributed to hypertension – about twice the ties for the remainder of their lives. Hoffman and her col l eagues are tes t- pe r cen t age for Caucasians. Ethnic differe n c es in adheren c e to pharmacolo g - ing ability of car e managed by an acute car e nurse practitioner (ACNP) to ic al treatment regimens and beliefs about hypertension could account for im p r ove outcomes in these patients during their admission to an inten - the differe n c es in health outcomes. Jones’ res e a r ch examines the rat es of si v e car e unit (ICU) and in the post- d i s c h a r ge period. The secondary aim ad h e re n c e to antihyperten s i v e medications between African - A m e r i ca n s is to identify fac to r s that prom o t e weaning prog re s sion and weaning and Caucasians using an elec t r onic event monitor . In addition, this stu d y su c ces s in this population. Preliminary findings indicat e that ACN P - examines ethnic differe n c es in beliefs about hyperten s i o n - re l a t ed subjec- managed car e prod u c es outcomes equival ent to those during car e ti v e norms (i.e., fam i l y, friends, church), illness perceptions, spirituality, managed by physicians-in-training (residents, fel l ows) in terms of ICU and rel i g i o s i t y . These beliefs could impact the intention to adhere to length of stay and weaning success . tr eatment. Early results of this study show that ethnicity explains signifi- cant var i a n c e in adheren c e. Differe n c es in beliefs about hyperten s i o n Rosemary Hoffmann, MSN, RN ha v e also been identified. This study will serve as a foundation for future “Enhancing Profe s sional Competen c e through High Fidelity Human studies of cultural ly - s e n s i t i v e inter v entions to improve adheren ce . Si m u l a to r s” (Innovation in Education Award) High fidelity human simulator s (HFHS) utilize a stat e-of-the-art tea c h i n g Mary Kerr, PhD, RN, FAA N stra t egy that mimics rea l - w orld medical situations. Simulation in the lab- “Genetics and Brain Ischemia in the Critical l y Ill” ora t ory permits students to prac t i c e clinical decision making without (National Insti t u t es of Health/National Insti t u t e of Nursing Research ) je o p a r dizing patient safety and increases profe s sional com p e te n c e “The Effect of APOE on Outcomes in Traumatic Brain Injured Adults ” th r ough hands-on application, repetition, and immediate feedback. Easily (National Insti t u t es of Health/National Insti t u t e of Nursing Research ) in te g ra t ed into curricula, HFHS can be expanded to provide con t i n u i n g “Methods of Predicting Delayed Cereb r al Ischemia in SAH” ed u c ation and could be utilized as a recruitment tool to expose poten t i a l (National Insti t u t es of Health/National Insti t u t e of Nursing Research ) ap p l i c ants to nursing. As part of her study, Hoffmann is incor p o ra t i n g Kerr is conducting a series of studies to identify fac to r s that will maximize HFHS into an established nursing curriculum and is tes ting its ability cere b r al perfusion in the critical l y ill patient with a brain injury. These stu d - to improve clinical com p e te n c e for senior-level undergra d u a t e nursi n g ies focus on genetic variation in association with biolog i c al marker s after students. Additional col l a b o r ation with other students and faculty incor - in j u r y . Her lon g - t erm objective is to identify prof i l es of patients based on po ra t es HFHS in continuing education with certified reg i s ter ed nurse genetic variation that will allow clinicians to design individualized inter ve n - pra c t i t i o n e r s (CRNPs) and conscious sedation. tions to maximize cere b r al perfusion. For instan c e, Kerr is exa m i n i n g li p o p ro t ein (APOE) genotype and its relationship to the cere b r ovas c u l a r , Ma r i l yn Hravnak, PhD, RN me t abolic, and neurot ra n s m i t t er responses and functional outcomes “P r evale n c e and Impact of Atrial Fibrillation Fol l owing Stan d a r d and fol l owing a traumatic brain injury. Results from this study could lead to Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting” ge n e t i ca l l y-specific nursing, medical, and pharmacol ogic therapies that (U n i ve r sity of Pittsburgh Central Research Devel opment Fun d ) ass i s t in the rec overy from traumatic brain injury. In yet another study, Kerr Atrial fibrillation is the most common com p l i c ation that adults exp e r i - is comparing bedside multimodal monitoring and biolog i c al marker s in en c e fol l owing cor onary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Off Pump CAB G combination with the routine neurol ogic examination in the detection of (O P C ABG), a newer proce d u r e for CABG, is performed without the heart- de l a y ed cere b r al ischemia (DCI), a clinical emergency for patients with lung bypass machine. There is some evi d e n c e that OPCABG has shown se ver e subarachnoid hemorrhage. If succes sful, identification of the most

P I T T N U R S E SUMMER 2003 2 7 se n s i t i v e and specific marker of delayed cere b r al ischemia would help of depres sion. Relational Cultural Theory, devel oped by Jean Baker to initiate treatments more quickly and with minimal risk for neuro- Mi l l er, MD and her col l eagues, purports that healthy inter p e r sonal rel a - log i c al damage. tionships are nece ssary for healthy psyc h o lo g i cal deve lo p m e n t . In te r p e r sonal psych o t h e r apy (IPT), devel oped by Gerald Klerman, MD, and Deborah Lewis, EdD, MPH, RN Myrna Wei s sman, PhD, which also emphasizes positive relationships as “Consumer Health Informatics” key fac to r s in psych o lo g i c al health, is one way to assi s t these women in Children with special health care needs require a wide spectrum of im p r oving their inter p e r sonal relationships with the goal towa r d decrea s - h e a l t h - re l a ted services and re s o u rces. The challenges fa ced by ing their depres sion. Olshansky was selec t ed to participate in the patients and families in accessing needed services in a coordinated “NIMH/NINR Building the Capacity of Psy chiatric Nursing Research fashion can be quite overwhelming. Consequently, many children and Pro g r am,” in which she wor k ed clos e l y with a mentor, Dr. Ellen Fran k , families suffer because the health care delivery they receive is not com- PhD, to write a res e a r ch grant that seeks to devel op an adaptation of IPT, prehensive and efficient, and does not meet their unique set of needs. using a group con t ext and integ r ating con c epts of Relational Cultural Interventions that include effective communication between parents Th e o r y . This novel IPT approach will provide a way for the women to lea r n and care providers, positive social support networks, and the availabil- stra t egies for coping with infertility and mitigating their depres sion ity of comprehensive information resources are related to improved within a relational con t ext where there are other women with similar health decision-making, more effective coordination of complex care, exp e r i e n c es. and improved health outcomes for these families. Access to the Internet has introduced a vast world of new possibilities for information sharing Thelma Patrick, PhD, RN and communication. The Internet shows promise as a communication “E xe r cise Inter v ention to Reduce Recurrent Preclampsia” strategy to facilitate care coordination for children with complex med- (National Insti t u t es of Health/ National Insti t u t e of Nursing Research ) ical needs. Lewis is examining patient-focused Internet strategies to Exe r cise has positive effects on the card i o vascular, metabolic, endocrine, facilitate health care decision-making and to improve patient-provider and immune systems. Preeclampsia, a hyperten s i v e disorder of preg n a n c y , communication for families of children with special health needs. has many common risk fac to r s, and invol ves a common pathway (namely endothelial activation) with card i o vascular disease. Patrick is conducting a Judith Matthews, PhD, RN randomized clinical trial to examine the effec t i ve n e s s of moderate - i n te n - “Use of Tec h n o l ogy with Careg i ve r s of Strok e Survivor s” sity exer cise for women who are at risk of experiencing a rec u r re n c e of (National Insti t u t es of Health/National Insti t u t e of Nursing Research ) pr eeclampsia. By maintaining an exer cise prog r am, women who exp e r i - “ITR: Per sonal Robotic Assi s tants for the Elderly” en c e preeclampsia in more than one pregnancy may be able to red u c e (National Science Fou n d a t i o n ) their risk of devel oping card i o vascular disease later in life. Fam i l y car egiving that prec i p i to u s l y arises when stro k e occu r s in anoth- er fam i l y member presents an enormous challenge for nursing prac t i ce . Kathryn Puskar, PhD, RN, CS, FAA N Th r u s t abruptly into what amounts to an unexp e c t ed car eer change, indi- “T eaching Kids to Cope with Anger” (Stau n t on Farms Fou n d a t i o n ) viduals who assume the rol e of a fam i l y care g i v er must rap i d l y assi m i l a t e Gr owing up in a com p l ex world can be bewildering for many adoles ce n t s . a tremendous amount of new information and acquire new skills. They For some tee n a g e r s, anger is their way of res o l ving conflicts, especially need to master dual com p e t encies that req u i r e meeting the stro k e sur- when they don’t feel in con t r ol of events in their lives. Puskar is develo p - vi vo r ’ s needs (car egiving com p e te n c e) while adhering to health habits ing a school-based, psych o - e d u c ational group prog r am that is helping that pres e r v e their own health and well-being (self-pres e r va t i o n ) . students learn about and prac t i c e coping methods to manage anger. This Ma t t h e ws is conducting a study to crea t e an inter v ention that uses pi l ot project is unique because it provides inter v ention at the stage befor e tec h n o l ogy to help fam i l y members prep a r e to become care g i ve r s of stro k e vi o le n c e is manifes ted. Students learn to rec ognize anger as a poten t i a l su r v i vo r s. This study will examine the effec t i ve n e s s of in-home acces s to cause or signal that may lead to violen c e or other prob l em behaviors. the Internet and e-mail, so fam i l y care g i ve r s can rece i v e more exte n s i v e Pu s k a r ’ s inter v ention provides youth with ways to con t r ol their anger and in f ormation about car egiving and stro k e. In addition, Matthews is con d u c t - su g g e s ts stra t egies for con st r u c t i ve l y diffusing anger, thereby positivel y ing a study to determine the effec t i ve n e s s of a robotic walker for elderly impacting their inter p e r sonal and community inter actions, self-estee m , pe r sons who are experiencing some effects of physical deter i o ra t i o n . behavior, and coping skills.

El l en Olshansky, DNSc, RNC Ma rg a r et Quinn Rosenzweig, PhD, CRNP-CS, AOC N “G r oup Psyc h o t h e r apy for Depres sed Infer t i l e Women” (In revi e w at “B a r r i e r s to Symptom Management in Metas tatic Brea s t Cancer ” National Insti t u t es of Health/National Insti t u t e of Mental Health) (National Insti t u t es of Health/National Cancer Insti t u te ) Ap p r oxi m a te l y 15% of childbearing-age women are infer t i l e, and many Mo s t of the litera t u r e con c erning patient fac to r s in health disparity and in fe r t i l e women exp e r i e n c e depres sion either as a result of or coi n c i d e n t ba r r i e r s to can c er car e focuses on early detection of can c er, rather than with infertility and its treatment. Social isolation and difficulty in sy m p t om management for advan c ed can ce r . Inter v i e ws of women with in te r p e r sonal relationships are cor re l a t ed with the devel opment of bre a s t can c er seeking car e support the assertion that screening and diag- de p re s sion. In a series of qualitat i v e studies, Olshansky found that no s tic behaviors among African - A m e r i c ans are heavily influenced by in fe r t i l e wom e n ’ s inter p e r sonal relationships are freq u e n t l y advers e l y social support, spirituality or religion, and whether or not health car e af fe c t ed as a con s e q u e n c e of infertility, with res u l t ant feelings of p rov i d e rs (HCP) pro m o te screening and diagnostic behaviors . di s c onnection from others and social isolation. These difficulties in inter - Psy chosocial var i a b l es of utility (usefulness of outcome) and norm (what pe r sonal relationships could be possi b l e con t r i b u to r s to the develo p m e n t ot h e r s in the community would do in the same situation) wer e pred i c t i v e

2 8 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH of intention to seek car e in African - A m e r i c an women. The current knowl - Janet Stewart, PhD, RN edge gap in the litera t u r e includes: basic information reg a r ding symptom “C o n c eptual Model of Uncer t ainty in Children with Cancer” (Oncolo g y se verity rel a t ed to metas tatic can c er treatments; the rol e of rac e and Nu r sing Society/Amgen, Inc.) in c ome status on symptom severity among low income and African - De s p i t e improvements in treatment outcomes for childhood can c er, the Am e r i c an patients with metas tatic can c er; and patient-based barriers to il l n e s s traj e c t ory and ultimate survival of each individual child rem a i n s good symptom management among all populations. This newl y initiated un ce r t ain. Such illness- re l a t ed uncer t ainty has been stro n g l y linked pr oject tar gets this information gap by examining symptom occu r re n ce , with psych o lo g i c al outcomes in adults facing their own life- th re a te n i n g se verity, quality of life, and symptom-management barriers accor ding to il l n e s s or that of their child, but has never been system a t i ca l l y studied in rac e and income in order to provide the basis for meaningful inter ve n t i o n s ch i l d r en themselves. Based on preliminary qualitat i v e res e a r ch and on in patients with metas tatic brea s t can ce r . Mi s h e l ’s Uncer t ainty in Illness theory, Stewart has tes ted a con ce p t u a l model of the antec edents and con s e q u e n c es of uncer t ainty in children Elizabeth Schlenk, PhD, RN un d e r going can c er treatment. Illness, fam i l y, and develo p m e n t al fac to r s “I m p r oving Aerobic Activity and Fitness in Osteoarthritis: A Feasibility Study” wer e asso c i a t ed with children ’ s level of uncer t ainty, which in turn (C e n t r al Research Devel opment Fun d ) stro n g l y pred i c t ed their level of emotional distre s s. Planned fol l ow- u p “I m p r oving Physical Activity and Fitness in Comorbidity” studies will examinine more clos e l y the transition from late childhood to (National Insti t u t es of Health/National Insti t u t e of Nursing Research ) ea r l y adoles ce n c e and the implications for uncer t ainty in how children Regular physical activity offer s numerous health benefits, especially for come to tak e responsibility for the management of their illness and their patients who live with chronic health prob l ems. Schlenk is devel oping sev- ad h e re n c e to treatment reg i m e n s . er al exer cise inter v entions to help cer t ain at-risk patient populations stay fit and healthy. In two of her studies, Schlenk is tes ting an inter v ention that Ca r ol Stilley, PhD, RN could help people with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee to become stro n g e r , “Pe r sonality and Medication Adheren c e in Tran s p l a n t ation” remain physical l y active, and enjoy a grea t er quality of life. She has fou n d (National Insti t u t es of Health/National Insti t u t e of Mental Health) that knee exer cise therapy is a particularly important component of trea t - Im m u n o s u p p re s sant medication fol l owing card i o t h o r acic tran s p l a n t a- ment for OA of the knee and can enable persons with OA of the knee tion is critical to lon g - t erm survival, but is prob l ematic for a significan t to begin to engage in regular physical activity. This inter v ention may be pe r cen t age of recipients of transplants. Poor adheren c e after heart pa r t i c u l a r l y important for persons who are at risk for the devel opment of and/or lung tran s p l a n t ation accounts for a significant proportion of card i o vascular disease. mo r t ality from graft fai l u r e. Re-tran s p l a n t ation, from a limited donor pool, is often the only option, and is not highly succes sful. While some Mary Ann Sevick, ScD, RN pro g re s s has been made in identifying psychosocial pred i c to r s of “D i a b e t es Adheren c e Inter v ention in Older Adults: A Pilot” no n - a d h e re n c e, findings acros s studies have been incon s i s tent. Stilley’ s (National Insti t u t es of Health/National Insti t u t e on Aging) study is designed to eval u a t e relationships among personality, medica- “D i e t ary Adheren c e Enhancement Inter v ention in Patients Recei v i n g tion adheren c e, and other putat i v e risk fac to r s for card i o t h o r acic Ma i n te n a n c e Hemodialysis” tr ansplant patients. This study may provide keys for understan d i n g (Obesity and Nutrition Research Center, Univer sity of Pittsburgh and pro b l ems with adheren c e and propose more effec t i v e inter v entions to the Center for Research in Chronic Disorde r s, Univer sity of Pittsburgh maximize adheren ce . School of Nursi n g ) Individuals with com p l ex chronic diseases must often make numerou s Ga y l e R. Whitman, PhD, RN, FAAN li fe st y l e changes. They must remember to tak e one or more medicat i o n s , “Impact of Structure and Proce s s on Patient Outcomes” fol l ow dietary res trictions, keep physical l y active, rece i v e special trea t m e n t s , (C e n t r al Research Devel opment Fund) mo n i t or their health status, and prom p t l y notify health car e profe ss i o n a l s “Impact of Structure and Proce s s Var i a b l es on Outcomes” when prob l ems arise. Given the com p l i ca t ed nature of some disease man- (National Insti t u t es of Health/National Insti t u t e of Nursing Research) agement regimens, it is not surprising that many patients fail to fol l ow the Patient safety has always been of paramount importan c e to health car e ad v i c e of their health car e provi d e r s. Sevick is curren t l y engaged in two pr ovi d e r s. Recent gover n m e n t al and lay pres s reports provide evi d e n c e studies, based on Social Cognitve Theory (SCT), to assi s t patients in adher- that despite the goal for patient safety, adver se event outcomes can and ing to com p l i ca t ed disease management regimens. In one study, she is do occur with alarming frequency in health car e settings, especially in tes ting a SCT inter v ention for those with uncom p l i ca t ed type 2 diabetes. The h o s p i tals. With a growing nursing shortage, it is unclear how in te r v ention invol ves group and individualized counseling reg a r ding dietar y nu r se/patient staffing ratios affect patient safet y . Whitman is con d u c t - management, medications, exer cise, and glucose self-monitoring. Sevick is ing a study to determine if the number and types of nurses provi d i n g also conducting a study to assi s t hemodialysis patients in adhering to their car e to patients have an impact on whether they devel op common com - di e t ary regimen. The SCT inter v ention invol ves individualized cou n s e l i n g pl i c ations that occur during hospital stays. The findings from this stu d y with car eful dietary self-monitoring using a personal digital assi s tant (PDA) . will build on exi s ting information and provide further direction for hos- In addition to tes ting the inter v ention with hemodialysis patients, Sevick is pi t al and nursing administra to r s as they try to determine which levels of examining the impact of cog n i t i v e function on dietary adheren c e and its staffing are req u i r ed to safel y meet the needs of patients. impact on the effec t i ve n e s s of the inter ve n t i o n .

P I T T N U R S E SUMMER 2003 2 9 D E V E LOPMENT NEWS

Making a Gift to the School of Nursing is Easier Than Ever

VISITING WITH SCHOOL OF NURSING alumni is an Charitable Gift Annuities (CGAs) provide a guaranteed, fixed rate of income for life. honor. It is exciting to hear about their experiences at CGAs may be a good alternative for retired nurses who are less than happy with the Pitt and how the education they received changed their return they are receiving from their CDs or stock dividends. lives. Many alumni express the desire to make a gift to the School of Nursing but are unsure how to accomplish Example: Cathy E., RN, age 70, transfers $20,000.00 from a CD into a CGA with Pitt. it with their existing assets. She will receive a charitable contribution income tax deduction of $7596.40. Her annu- There are many options an alumnus can use to al income will be $1,240.00 (6.2%), the tax-free portion will be $779.96, and the ordi- make a gift to the School of Nursing. Alumni must learn nary income will be $460.40. After 15.9 years, the entire annuity becomes ordinary about these options and decide which one is more income. advantageous for their unique situation. I have consulted with the executive director of • The older the donor, the higher the rate of income for which they qualify. Planned Giving, Walter (Terry) Brown. He has offered • CGAs can be funded with cash, securities, and mutual funds. the following information related to the use of retire- ment assets in making a gift to the School of Nursing. The Deferred Gift Annuity (DGA) is another, often over lo o k ed, planning tool. Contribute Qualified Retirement Plans (QRPs) and Individual $20,000.00 or more in cash or appreciated securities, earn a tax deduction now, and Retirement Accounts (IRAs) hold a tremendous amount start receiving an annual income at the future date (e.g. after age 65). of the wealth that is expected to pass from one genera- tion to the next in the coming decades. Nurses with A Charitable Lead Trust (CLT) allows the donor to make a substantial gift while ensur- modest incomes have, in many cases, accumulated sub- ing that they or their heirs will resume control of the principal at a future date. stantial funds in their retirement accounts, often over one million dollars. Example: Kathleen M., RN, transfers $200,000.00 in cash to Pitt to establish a 7% CLT. A concern for many retired nurses is the estate tax For a term of 20 years, Pitt will receive 7% of the trust’s initial value, after which the and the effect it will have on their heirs. Under the cur- principal will revert to Kathleen or her heirs. CLTs are often used as a very effective rent tax plan, the estate tax is gradually being phased method to reduce estate taxes. out through an increase in the exemption. In 2010 it will be repealed, but will return in 2011 at 50% on anything For a specific example of how a life income gift can benefit you or a loved one, go to over one million dollars. Under the current structure of www.pitt.edu, then click Giving to Pitt, then Planned Giving, then Gift Calcs. To receive the estate tax and income tax, more wealth can some- a free brochure regarding the effects of TAX RELIEF 2001 or to personally discuss how times be passed to heirs by placing IRA assets into a one of these giving methods may benefit you, please contact: Walter Brown, director Charitable Remainder Trust (CRTs) than by leaving it to of Unive rsity Planned Gifts, by te lephone at 412-624-7723, by email at them outright. CRTs provide an annual income for one Wal te r. B r own @ i a . p i t t . e d u , or by mail at 514 Craig Hall, 200 South Craig Stree t , or more beneficiaries as well as a substantial income Pi t t s b u r gh, PA 15260. All inquiries are kept str i c t l y confidential and there is no obligation. tax deduction. If funded with appreciated securities, the donor avoids all capital gains taxes. Please be mindful, — MARY RODGERS SCHUBERT that each individual case is different. Before making any major decisions concerning your retirement assets you should consult with a legal and/or financial advisor. Another consideration when making gifting deci- sions is the reduction of the income tax rates through 2006. Most people expect to be in a lower bracket fol- lowing re t i rement. This gradual reduction of ra te s encourages donors to utilize timing to their best advan- tage when making financial moves. Donors need to remember that as the income tax rate drops, deductions are worth more and income worth less than they will be in succeeding years.

Income Tax Rates 2002 - 2003 27% 30% 35% 38.6% 2004 - 2005 26% 29% 34% 37% 2006 - after 25% 28% 33% 35%

GIVING TO THE SCHOOL OF NURSING HELPS ENSURE QUALITY EDUCATION AT AN A F FO R DABLE COST FOR NURSING STUDENTS.

3 0 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH ALUMNI NEWS + NOTES

UPCOMING EVENTS

C O N VO CATION 2003 Se p t ember 8, 2003 Vi c t oria Building – 1:00 p.m.

CAMEOS OF CARING AWARDS GA L A Oc t ober 4, 2003 Nursing Alumni Gr and Ballroo m Society President’s Pi t t s b u r gh Hilton Hotel – 6:00 p.m. H O M E C O M I N G Oc t ober 24-25, 2003 Message Pitt vs. Syrac u s e (St op by the Alumni Hospitality Tent at Heinz Field) AS I BEGIN MY TWO-YEAR TERM as president of the Nursing Alumni Society, NURSING ALUMNI SOCIETY POINSETTIA SALE I do so with a sincere commitment to enhancing the alumni mission at the School of No vember 3-24, 2003 Nursing. I have served on the Nursing Alumni Society Executive Board for six years and (Poinsettia pick-up will tak e place on December 2) intend to build on the momentum this dedicated team has initiated. Strengthening alumni ties to the School, instilling alumni allegiance among stu- NURSING HORIZONS CONFERENCE dents, and funding educational opportunities will be our focus as we head into the Ma r ch 12, 2004 2003-2004 academic year. As a representative of the School’s 8000+ alumni, the Board Vi c t oria Building will strive to engage the support of fellow alumni through example and maintain an P I N N I N G alumni presence that attracts and encourages current students. April 25, 2004 I am proud to be a School of Nursing alumna and strongly believe that we, alum- ni, must consider the significance of giving back to our alma mater. By serving as men- G R A D U ATE STUDENT BRUNCH tors, officers on the Executive Board, or Nursing Alumni Society project volunteers, we April 25, 2004 can ensure accomplishments already achieved are only the beginning of a wonderful G R A D U AT I O N future for the School of Nursing, its alumni, and students. April 25, 2004 Feel free to contact me through the office of the associate director of alumni rela- Pete r sen Events Center tions, Joan Nock, at 412-624-2404 or via e-mail at [email protected]. And make it a point to visit the Alumni & Friends website at www.nursing.pitt.edu to learn the latest ANNIVERSARY CELEBRAT I O N on what’s happening. I welcome all comments and suggestions as, together, we face the May 14-15, 2004 dawn of a new academic year. TO RSVP FOR AN EVENT OR FOR MORE INFORMATION, CONTACT JENNIFER WHITEHURST AT (412) 624-5328 G LORIA GOTASKIE, BSN ’77, MSN ’94 OR VIA E-MAIL AT [email protected]. PRESIDENT

NURSING ALUMNI SOCIETY STEPHANIE MOTTER HUGHES FUND UPDAT E EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE With the help of friend and classmate, Gloria Gotaskie ’77, ’94, members of the Class W E LCOMES NEW MEMBER of 1977 have raised over $1000 in memory of Stephanie Motter Hughes who passed Frances Eskra, MSN’86, has joined the Alumni away in May 2002. Donations will be directed to the School’s mentorship program Society Exe c u t i ve Committee as secre ta r y. currently being coordinated by Kathe Niznik, director of undergraduate student Currently working at Highmark as a consultant, services. For information about the mentorship program, please contact Ms. Niznik she looks forward to actively participating in the at 412-624-8643 or via e-mail at [email protected]. Volunteers willing to work as men- School’s alumni effort. tors are welcome. Donations (checks made payable to: University of Pittsburgh with “In Memory of Stephanie Motter Hughes” written on the memo line) can be m a i led to: Unive rsity of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, 218 Victoria Building, 3500 Victoria Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261.

P I T T N U R S E SUMMER 2003 3 1 A LU M N I N E W S + N O T E S

Elaine Miller, DNS, MN ‘75, RN, FAHA, was appointed as 1 9 5 0 ’ s e d i tor of the Association of Rehabilitation Nurs e s’ Marie L. Baloga Pete r s, MPH, MN, BSNEd’50, is now ret i re d , Re h a b i l i t a tion Nursing Journal. She is profe s sor of nursing in but her nursing car eer took a most uncon v entional path. She the College of Nursing at the Univer sity of Cincinnati. pra c t i c ed among the Indians in Wyoming and Arizona, spent five yea r s in Alaska, wor k ed for the Pan American Health Orga n i z a t i o n Si s ter Mary Consolata Pampackal, MNEd ’77, is principal of in the Caribbean and Central America, and was direc t or of the Ho l y Cros s College of Nursing in Kerala, India. The col le g e Tru s t Ter r i t ory School of Nursing on the island of Saipan. was rece n t l y sanctioned by the Stat e Government and Nu r sing Council and, in March 2003, admitted its first class 1 9 7 0 ’ s of students in the two- y ear post basic BSc nursing cou r se. Col. Patricia Wehrheim Affe, BSN ’70, has become the hos- L a u ren Saul, BSN ’73, M S N, of UPMC Pre s b y te r i a n p i tal commander of the 4220th U.S. Army Hospital in Shadyside, has co- a u t h o r ed the article, “B-Type Natriuret i c Sh o r eham, New York. She has been a member of the Army Peptide Te sting for Detection of Heart Fa i l u re,” that R e s e r ve for 28 ye a rs and was re ce n t ly awarded the ap p e a r ed in the January-March 2003 edition of Cr i t i c al Care Me r i t orious Service Award. Nursing Quarter l y.

Kathryn R. Puskar, DrPh, RN, CS, MN ’71, coo rd i n a t or of the An d r ea J. Sloan, BSN ’76, is an attor n e y in privat e prac t i c e Psy chiatric CNS Prog r am at the Univer sity of Pittsburgh in McLean, Virgi n i a . School of Nursing, was inducted as president of the Col. Mary C. Smolenski, BSN ’72, an Air For ce flight nurse Am e r i c an Psy chiatric Nurses Association in October, 2002 at for 30 yea r s, is curren t l y working with ANCC cred e n t i a l i n g the Dallas con fe re n c e. She will assume a one-year pres i - and cer t i f i c ation. She was a guest pres e n t er at the School of dency fol l owed by a one-year rol e as past pres i d e n t . Nu r sing in March. Nancy D. Rubino, EdD, RNC, MN ’79, BSN, ’73, is profe ss o r of nursing and BSN prog r am direc t or at Wes l ey College in 1 9 8 0 ’ s Do ver, Delaware. Nancy was rece n t l y elec t ed president of Dr . Joan Byer s, MSN ’87, was rece n t l y inducted into Mercer the Delaware Nurses Asso c i a t i o n . High School’s Hall of Fame. She is the ret i r ed direc t or of nurs- Nancy Alexander Brom, BSN ’74, rece n t l y relo ca t ed back ing education at Jameson Health System Inc. in New Castle , home to Pittsburgh from Southern California. Now a part- Pen n s y l vania and serves as post- b a c cal a u re a t e rep re s e n t a- time clinical instr u c t or at Duquesne Univer sity, Nancy says it ti v e on the Nursing Alumni Society Exec u t i v e Committee . is great to be back! Be r n a d e t t e Melnyk, PhD, MSN ’83, CPNP, PMHNP, FAA N , Ki r sti Mary Hetager Stark, MSN ’85, BSN ’74, a nursi n g was the recipient of Sigma Theta Tau Inter n a t i o n a l ’s Audrey Hepburn in st r u c t or for the Asso c i a t e Degree Nursing Prog r am (clinical Aw a r d for Service to Children. Dr. Melnyk is asso c i a t e dean for focus Psyc h i a t r i c / M e n t al Health Nursing), is cele b r ating 10 res e a r ch at the Univer sity of Rochester ’ s School of Nursi n g . yea r s of teaching at the Penn Stat e Univer sity Faye t t e Campus.

Maria Ann St. John, BSN ’75, be c ame a CRNA in 1984 after 1 9 9 0 ’ s re ceiving her degree from Unive rsity Health Center of Joan Such Lockhart, PhD ’92, MNEd ’79, BSN ’76, FAA N , Pi t t s b u r gh, School of Anesthesia for Nurses. She curren t l y is was awarded Duquesne Univers i t y ’ s 2003 Eugene P. Beard a CRNA for Queen City Anesth e s i o lo g i s ts in Cincinnati, Ohio. Aw a r d of Leadership in Ethics. Dr. Lockhart is profe s sor and a ss o c i a te dean for academic affa i rs at the Duquesne Ka t h l een Bollen Gaberson, PhD, MNEd ’76, is profe s sor and Un i ve r sity School of Nursi n g . chair of the Department of Nursing Education at Shepherd Co l l ege in Shepherds town, Wes t Virginia. Sc ott Rhoades, BSN ’95, society secret ary and charter mem- ber of the Space Nursing Society, pres e n t ed at the May 2003 René Pieja-Grim, BSN ’77, rece i v ed a Master of Science in National Association of Orthopedic Nurses Confere n c e. He is N u rsing in Clinical Case Management from Villanova cu r re n t l y a nursing coo rd i n a t or and EMS/pre- h o s p i t al coo rd i n a - Un i ve r sity, achieved cer t i f i c ation in Case Management from tor at Indiana Regional Medical Center, Indiana, Pen n s y l vania. the ANCC, and com p le t ed a post- m a s ter ’ s cer t i f i ca t e in Nu r sing Administr ation from Villanova Univer sity, March Melanie Shatzer, MSN ’97, BSN ’91, of UPMC Pres b y te r i a n 2003. She is curren t l y employed at the Reading Hospital and Shadyside, has co- a u t h o r ed the article, “B-Type Natriuret i c Me d i c al Center in Wes t Reading, Pen n s y l vania. Peptide Te sting for Detection of Heart Fa i l u re,” that Jeanne Dettis Hopple, BSN ’77, is curren t l y a nursing instr u c to r ap p e a r ed in the January-March 2003 edition of Cr i t i c al Care in the master ’ s nurse practitioner and anesthesia prog r ams at Nursing Quarter l y. Fl orida Gulf Coast Univer sity in Ft. Myer s, Florida. A vol u n t eer nurse pr actitioner in the Student Health Services Clinic, she works part time in the emergency department of a loc al hospital and is enrol le d in a post- m a s ter s fam i l y nurse practitioner prog r am at the Univers i t y of South Florida, Tampa. Jeanne also plans to pursue a DNS degree .

3 2 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH A L U M N I N E W S + N O T E S

2 0 0 0 ’ s NURSING ALUMNI SOCIETY MAINTAINS PAA BANNER STAT U S Tina Carilli Paul, BSN ’02, a registered nurse at UPMC At its annual Spring Meeting/Luncheon in mid-May, the Pitt Alumni Association (PAA) P re s b y te r i a n ’s Liver Transplant Unit, was named recognized the School of Nursing Alumni Society for earning “Banner Status” for a “Rookie Nurse of the Year.” fourth consecutive year. Successfully meeting requirements in all eight banner initia- Rebecca Mitchell-Perry, MSN ’02, BSN ’99, is currently tives, including communications, membership, fundraising, the alumni legislative net- unit director of the neuroscience intensive care unit at work PART, parnerships, programs, and scholarships, the Nursing Alumni Society UPMC Presbyterian Shadyside. was represented at the luncheon by president, Joan Godich, immediate past president, Kris Keefer Wolff, and associate director of alumni relations, Joan Nock.

CALL FOR NOMINATIONS The School of Nursing Alumni Society is accepting nominations for its 2004 D i stinguished Alumni and Honorary Alumni Awards. Our alumni re p resent the University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing locally, nationally, and internationally through their work as nursing professionals. The School takes pride in the numerous accomplishments of its alumni but needs assistance in identifying those individuals who meet the following award criteria:

2004 DISTINGUISHED ALUMNI AWA R D Nominees for the 2004 Distinguished Alumni award/s must be a Univer sity of Pittsburgh School of Nursing prog r am grad u a t e and will be con s i d e r ed on the basis of lea d e rs h i p , ac h i e vement, and contribution in areas similar to the fol l owing: academia, administr a- tion, clinical prac t i c e, res e a r ch and service (profe s sional and com m u n i t y .) A F R I CAN AMERICAN NURSING When submitting 2004 Distinguished Alumni Award nominations, please indicate A LUMNI SCHOLARSHIP COMMITTEE in which area nominees should be considered. PRESIDENT’S MESS AG E Looking ahead to the fall term, I am committed to 2004 HONORARY ALUMNI AWA R D ensuring the ongoing success of the committee’s efforts This award recognizes an individual who is not a graduate of the University of on behalf of minority students at the School of Nursing. Pittsburgh School of Nursing, but who has demonstrated extraordinary service and Since our inception in 1989, we have focused on provid- support to and for the School’s mission. ing scholarship opportunities for this student population When submitting nominations for Distinguished and Honorary Alumni, please and have lightened the financial burden for 18 students. include any materials (such as curriculum vitae or resume) and information that sup- I confidently put forth the following committee ports that nomination (i.e. letters of support, pertinent materials). goals for the 2003-04 academic year: encourage contin- All 2004 Distinguished and Honorary Alumni nominations should be submitted no ued support for the African American Nursing Alumni later than December 1, 2003 to the University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing Alumni Scholarship effort; encourage alumni to experience the Office; 218 Victoria Building; 3500 Victoria Street; Pittsburgh, PA 15261. rewards of mentorship; and encourage alumni scholar- ship awardees to ‘give back’ through service on behalf of For more information, please contact the Nursing Alumni Office at 412-624-2404. the committee. Through collaborative relationships, I believe the committee will enjoy increased visibility SCHOOL OF NURSING SET TO MARK MILESTO N E within the School and beyond. ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATIONS IN 2004 Your involvement is always welcome. Dedicated teamwork will make our goals attainable and guarantee Planning has begun for three significant School of Nursing anniversary celebrations in the brightest of futures for minority nursing students. 2004: the 65th anniversary of the School’s founding; the 60th anniversary of its mas- You may contact me through Joan Nock, the School’s ter’s program; and the 50th anniversary of the School’s PhD program. associate director of alumni relations, at 412-624-2404 Convocation on Monday, September 8, will kick off the anniversary celebrations. or via e-mail at [email protected]. I look forward to a pro- A full slate of activities will span the academic year and offer student- and alumni- ductive academic year! focused educational, research, and cultural programs. The anniversary celebrations will culminate with a weekend-long event May 14-15, 2004 that will include the annu- DR. LUEVONUE LINCOLN, MN ’78, PHD ’82 al Alumni Day event. 65 60 50 CHAIR, AFRICAN AMERICAN NURSING ALUMNI Please watch the School of Nursing’s website at www.nursing.pitt.edu and the SCHOLARSHIP COMMITTEE next issue of Pitt Nurse for more details. Make plans to celebrate Pitt Nursing during this special moment in time!

P I T T N U R S E SUMMER 2003 3 3 A L U M N I N E W S + N OT E S

A LUMNI DAY 2003 A SUCCESS AT THE PETERSEN EVENTS CENTER! Ob i t u a r i e s In Memoriam The Nursing Alumni Society Exec u t i v e Committee was Dr. Ann M. Yurick L. Kathryn Patterson Bryant, ’40, ’48 pr esenting host, along with Dean Dunbar-Jacob, as nine Dr. Ann M. Yurick, PhD ’79, March 24, 2003 mi le s tone reunion classes gathered from far and wide on MA ’59, BSN ’58, associate May 3 to cele b ra t e Alumni Day 2003. The state - o f - t h e - a r t Mabel McJunkin Blanck, ’43 pr ofessor emeritus and former Pete r sen Events Center ‘belonged’ to the School of January 18, 2002 de p a r tment chair of the Nu r sing for the day, providing a unique and exciting venue. Sc h o o l ’s Dep a r tment of Jeanne Anne Lithgow ’45 Kicking off the day’s fes tivities was a con t i n e n ta l Health and Community February 20, 2003 bre a k fa s t fol l owed by class photog r aphs and infor m a t i v e Systems, passed away on pre s e n t ations offer ed by faculty, Dr. Judy Matthews Dorothy Pennington Parker, ’48, ’51 Feb ru a r y 24. A three - t i m e (“ N u r sebot—a Pearl of a Nurse”) and Kathy Magdic January 20, 2003 graduate of the Uni v ersity of (“ D i s tinguished Clinical Scholar”). A noon luncheon in the Pittsburgh, she focused her Mary Ann Pituch Wilkosz, ’48 Club Lounge prec eded the formal Alumni Day prog ra m nearly 40-year career at the March 13, 2002 that rec ognized scholarship donors, Mr. & Mrs. Step h e n School of Nursing on geron - Miner; three 2003 Distinguished Alumni – Helen Burns, Betty Lillian Johnston, ’50 tological nursing as a teacher, PhD ’93, MN ’81, who rece n t l y joined the School of January 1, 2003 res e a rc h e r , and spokesperson N u rsing as ass o c i a te dean for clinical educa t i o n , for the aged. She was primary Anna D. Krivonak, ’57 Ma rg a r et Shandor Miles, PhD, MN’65, FAAN, a profe ss o r author of an award- w i n n i n g at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and Dr. Ann M. Yurick ’58, ’59, ’79 textbook, The Aging Per s o n Madeline Turkeltaub, PhD, MN ’70, CRNP, FAAN, acting (retired School of Nursing faculty) and the Nursing Process (t h re e deputy branch chief, nursing education and practice, February 24, 2003 editions), and her expertise as division of nursing, BHPr, HRSA; the 2003 Honorary an administrator, mentor, and Kathryn Virginia Walsh, ’60 Alumna – Joan Nock, the School’s associate director of ad v ocate for faculty and staff March 13, 2003 alumni relations; and student scholars – Felisha Cobb en d e a r ed her to colleagues. ’04; Keirsten Montgomery ’03; and Candace Grubb ’03. Susan Stewart Schmid, ’63 Dr. Yurick was 67. A memo- A popular Theme Basket Raffle and a well-received rial service was celebrated at Carey Thomas Boyle, ’73 Class Gift Program raised funds for scholarship and Heinz Chapel on June 9 and December 5, 2002 scholarly projects. The day concluded with a guided tour a scholarship has been estab- of the Events Center. Loreen Mildred Uselman, ’78 lished in her memory. The fol l owing Alumni Day 2003 pictorial cap t u re s January 19, 2003 Donations may be sent to the event highlights. Uni v ersity of Pit t s b u r g h If you would like to express condolences, the Alumni School of Nursing; 218 Office will be pleased to forward your card. Send to the Victoria Building; 3500 University of Pittsburgh, School of Nursing, 218 Victoria Victoria Str eet; Pit t s b u r g h , Building, Pittsburgh, PA 15261. PA 15261.

2003 HONORARY ALUMNA NAMED Joan Nock, the School’s associate director of alumni relations, was recognized during the Alumni Day program as the 2003 Honorary Alumna. Through her com- mitment and dedication to advancing the alumni effort at the School of Nursing, she has worked to successfully build and strengthen alumni ties. The Nursing Alumni Society was pleased to support her nomination. Joan’s family was on hand to offer congratulations.

V I N TAGE UNIFORMS ON DISPLAY Current students have been given a glimpse back at nursing school fashion thanks to alumna, Marian Neustadt Hershman, ’58, ’70. Ms. Hershman has kindly donat- ed her student nursing uniform, cap, and the uniform she wore to graduation. All are currently on display in the School’s Student Services Department.

3 4 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF NURSING Cameos of Caring Awards Gala: D e f i n i ng Nursing’s Future S AT U R D AY, OCTOBER 4, 2003

PITTSBURGH HILTON HOTEL FEATURING: 6:00 p.m. Cocktails, Hors d’oeuvres and Chinese Auction 33 Awardees 7:00 p.m. Dinner and Awards Presentation 5 Advanced Practice Awardees Post-event reception with live entertainment 2 Donate Life Awardees

$100.00 per person Event proceeds benefit the Cameos of Caring Endowed Nursing Scholarship

Please detach the bottom reply form and mail to: Jennifer Whitehurst, Uni v ersity of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, 218 Victoria Building, Pittsburgh, PA 15261

RSVP BY SEPTEMBER 24, 2003 Nam e ______Add r ess ______City ______State _____ Zi p______Telephone Number: Home ( ) ______Business ( ) ______■ I/ W e wish to res e r ve ______tables of ten at $1,000 each. ■ I/ W e wish to make ______res e r vation(s) at $100 each. Enclosed is my check for $______. Please make checks payable to: Uni v ersity of Pit t s b u r g h .

P L E A S E L I S T T H E N A M E S O F T H O S E I N Y O U R P A RTY: ______

A copy of the official registra- ______tion and financial information of the School of Nursing, ______University of Pittsburgh may be obtained from the Pennsylvania ______Department of State by calling toll free, 1.800.732.0999. ■ I/ W e cannot attend, but wish to make a contribution. Enclosed in my check for $______Registration does not imply endorsement. Please be advised ■ I/ W e wish to be seated with ______that IRS regulations require a donation to be limited to the ■ I/ W e have no seating pref e r ence. Please have the Gala Committee select seating. e xcess of the total amount paid over the value of the benefit ■ I/ W e have special dietary needs. Please res e r ve ______vegetarian dinners for ______re c e i ved. $40 of the total cost per ticket is tax deductible. ■ I/ W e have accessibility needs. Please call met at ( ) ______to discuss

FOR MORE INFO R M ATION, CONTACT JENNIFER WHITEHURST AT 412.624.5328, JMW100@PITT. E D U

P I T T N U R S E SUMMER 2003 3 5 ANNUAL GIVING FUND DONORS 2002-2003

The School of Nursing is deeply grateful to the following individuals and organiza- Barbara Bunton Gri e n e r , ’69 Jason S. Lowe, ’94 Ca r olyn Wilson Gri f fi n, ’76, ’81 & Ter r y Mar g a r et Trani Lowell, ’78 tions that have provided their support and friendship. This list refl ects donations Lynn Gri f fi n, D.M.D., DEN ’85 + Dani Marie Mag i s t r o, ’78, ’82 + Mar y Bergan Grossett, ’59 Ann E. Maiolo, ’82 + fr om July 2002 through June 13, 2003. For further information on the Annual Christine Larson Grue n e r , ’67 & Charles George Majetich, ’80 Har r y Joseph Grue n e r , CAS ’66; LAW ’69 Jan Davis Man z etti, Ph.D., ’79, ’92 + Giving Fund or to provide any corrections or omissions to this list, please contact Anna Har tman Hall, ’49 Ka r en J. Mar esch, ’91, ’95 + Viola Gay dos Halpin, ’52 She r yl Ber tak Marq u e z, ’73 + Mar y Rodgers Schubert, director of development, at 412-624-0856, or e-mail Mar cia A. Ham m e r l e Donna S. Ma rt s o l f, Ph.D., ’91 Jean Harris Hanson, ’69 + Linda Jean Masone, ’75 ms c h u b e rt @ p i t t . e d u . Mar y Elizabeth Hap p Melissa Lynne Mas t o r ovich, ’88 + Jane Elizabeth Har tline, ’82 Doris Hatherill May a u s k y , ’78 & Gloria Dragan Haughton, ’52, ’63 & Dr. John Stanley May a u s k y , CAS ’77 + + De n o t es Alumni Association members Wilson Wea v er Haughton, Sr., CAS ’53; Ker r y James McC a rt y , ’93, ’95 + * De n o t es matching funds EDU ’67 + Geraldine McKinnon McEl r ee, ’55 + Barbara Asche Haynes, Ph.D., ’67; EDU ’85 Dor othy Ceyrolles McEl w ee, ’79 & Donald F. Hay n e s Mar y Ann Cook McF etridge, ’43 Teddy Von Haz a r d Joseph P. McGu i r e INDIVIDUALS $5,000 AND OV E R Rebecca Webster Hudson, ’63 & Lora E. Bur ke, Ph.D., ’97; GSPH ’98 Ca r ol Eidel Heames, ’64 * Kathleen Mar y McK ool, ’72 Flo yd E. Hud s o n Patricia Vernal Burk h a r t, Ph.D., ’72, ’96 Ada L. Hess, ’45 + Jean McLaughlin, ’56 & John N. Mar y Donnan Bak e r , ’58 & Renee T. Juhl, Pharm.D., PHA ’78 & & Ter r y Paul Burk h a r t, PIA ’78 Ch e r yl Dusicsko Hettman, Ph.D., ’96 + McLaughlin * Frank T. Bak e r Randy P. Juhl, Ph.D. * Ruth S. Butts, ’54 Kjerstine Kelly Hoffman, ’54; SOC WK ’60 + Ann McNe m a r , ’69 Le o n a r d Jacob Baxt, CAS ’69 & Mar y Beth Slemenda Klein, ’77 & James M. Byh a m Joann Louise Holt, ’67, ’68 Mar y Patricia Mellors, Ph.D., ’99 Joy H. Bax t Charles Klein John Hen r y Campbell, KGSB ’50 Judith Taylor Hore n s k y , ’65 Cydney Afriat Menihan, ’73 + Mar y Pur dy Cook, ’54 Joanne Malenock, Ph.D., EDU ’79 Virginia A. Campbell, EDU ’58 Marie Smith Houston, Ph.D., ’61; EDU ’86 Ramona Thieme Merc e r , Ph.D., ’73 Rita L. Doll, ’56, ’60 + Judith Tabolt Mat t h e ws, Ph.D., ’98; Judith Str ellec Charlson, ’66 & Murray T. & James Lee Houston, M.D., MED ’62 Ethel Joan Michael, ’68 + Lucie S. Young Kel l y , Ph.D., ’47, ’57; GS P H ’99 Charlson, M.D., MED ’61 Mar g a r et J. Howe, ’58 + Diane Louise Michalec, ’84, ’91 EDU ’66 John B. McC ue, LAW ’48 Denise Charron - P roc h ow n i k Marilyn T. Hravnak, Ph.D., ’83, ’00 & Jean Novotny Mikulla, ’72 & Joh n Ka r en Miner & Stephen J. Min e r Patricia Drogos O ’Donoghue, Michael Jay Chutz, Esq., LAW ’81 Paul F. Hravnak, ENG ’80; KGSB ’90 Michael Mikulla, M.D., CAS ’70; Jeanne Swindell Wolfe Orr , ’50, ’61 Ph.D., ’73, ’88 Mar y Colaianni, ’96 + Donna Schutz Humes, ’64, ’67 MED ’74 Hen r y Pos n e r , Jr., FAS ’48 Wesley C. Pic k a r d, ENG ’61 + Rhonda Comer, Esq., ’80; LAW ’84 Jean L. Hunt, ’61, ’66 Mar g a r et Shandor Miles, Ph.D., ’65 + Jeanne Ann Muegel Tait, ’67 Bev erly H. Port e r Ca r olyn Hocker Cooper, ’68 Ruthie Campbell Hunt, ’59 Co r delia Zambano Mil l e r , ’64 Sallie Zoe r b , ’47 + Mar y Rodgers Schubert + Catherine B. Crou c h Ruth E. Ink p e n Dr. Elaine Linda Mil l e r , ’75 Cynthia L. Roth, ’81 + Patricia Ann Cut h b e r t, ’68; EDU ’72, ’82 + Cynthia Ann Int i h a r - H ogue, ’94 Elise Nestel Mil l e r , ’67 & Charlotte Mae Spi c h e r , Ph.D., ’63, ’75 Mil d r ed L. Cza r , ’50, ’57 + INDIVIDUALS $1,000 - $4,999 Lynette Wrisley Jack, Ph.D., ’78; EDU ’85 Ernest George Mil l e r , CAS ’65 Rob e r ta Anne Str ohl, ’79 Bev erly Ann Davis, ’70 + & Paul Phillip Jack, ENG ’78 + Linda Naylor Mil l e r , ’84 + Nancy L. Stu e ve r , ’78 & Susan Sonnet Davis, ’79 Eileen Jamison, ’57 + Dor othy Gera Miz i k a r , ’63 Jennifer L. Aikin, ’91 & Rob e r t W. Aikin A. Lawrence Stu e v er * John H. Deane * Suzanne M. Jan i t o r Eugene Miz i k a r Susan Ann Albrecht, Ph.D., ’75, ’78; EDU Anthony J. Sut t o n Susan Penman Dec k e r , ’81 + Mar k E. Jen s e n Joseph A. Miz i k a r ’81 & John A. Albrecht + Susan Watters Wes m i l l e r , ’77, ’83 & Grace Allinger Devitt, Ph.D., ’58, ’61; Gw endolyn L. Johnson, ’73, ’79 William Edw a r d Miz i k a r , M.D., ENG ’88; Catherine Marie Ben d e r , Ph.D., ’79, ’94 Ste v en Edw a r d Wes m i l l e r , ENG ’78; EDU ’70 Janice Davis Johnston, ’74 & MED ’93 Patricia Ann Bohachick, LIS ’82 * + Bonnie Sh e re rtz Dickson, ’75 Dr. Dale E. Johnston, CAS ’72; FAS ’75 Gladys L. Moon, R.N., ’57 Ph.D., ’67, ’70, ’81 Eleanor Hol b r ook White, ’43 Irene Louise Dit t e m o r e, Ph.D., ’58, ’78 Christine Ravasio Jones, ’72 Lo r etta Kucan Moro b i t t o Dor othy Drake Brooks, ’64, ’67 + Ri c h a r d T. Yur i c k Susan Jaditz Dix on, ’70 + Kathleen Zovko Jones, ’73 Marian Agnes Mur r a y , Ph.D., ’52, ’57; Frederick Jaw a r do Caldwell, ’98 Barbara Louise Doring, HRP ’81 Mil d r ed Alston Jones, Ph.D., ’90, ’00 EDU ’69 + Rose Eva Bana Constantino, Lorah Denise Dor n Annette Marie Karahuta, ’80 + Elizabeth Louise Muse, ’78 Ph.D., ’71, ’79 + INDIVIDUALS $100 - $499 Darlene Ann Dub a y , EDU ’74, ’85, ’91 Sally Behler Karas, ’78 Denise Custer Myers, ’73 Ka t h r yn May Conway, ’49 & Mar g a r et S. Dubuque, ’64 John J. Kaufman, CAS ’48 Ronna Eisner Nagin, ’74 + John W. Conway Patricia Por ter Adams, ’83 La u r e Lestinsky Dud l e y , ’79 + Judith Ann Kaufmann, ’89 + Donna Grace Nativio, Ph.D., ’64; Jacqueline Dun b a r - Ja c o b , Ph.D. + Alice Heiple Ahlfeld, ’65 + Dr. Mar tha L. Dus h a w , ’54 + Jo Ann Clements Kauss, ’86 GS P H ’67; EDU ’86 + Mar yann F. Fralic, Dr.P .H., ’73; GSPH ’82 Linda Powell Altieri, ’84 Dr. Judith Mar y Dzyak, ’73 + Dr. Mar y Louise Kel l e r , ’75, ’79 & Dr. Mar y Virginia Neal, ’52 + Bev erly L. Free d - L a w r ence, ’58 + Dr. Diane Jean Angelini, ’73 Ter r y Tal l m a n - Ed d y , ’78, ’88 & Donald Har r y Kel l e r , EDU ’84 + Ramona Nelson, Ph.D., ’70; EDU ’78; J. Roger Glunt, KGSB ’60 & Lee Glunt + Bonnie Bantley Anton, ’68, ’70 & Richard John G. Edd y , HRP ’76 Fannie Olivito Kensic, ’54 LIS ’88 & Glenn Mar tin Nel s o n , Leslie A. Hoffman, Ph.D., EDU ’79 Paul Anton, Esq., LAW ’59 + Barbara McCormack Eis e n h a r t, ’68 Linda Susan Kenwood, ’72 Ph.D., EDU ’71 + Mar y Elizabeth Ker r , ’81 & Alexandra Czernecki Aramini, ’73 Flo r ence E. Ell i o t t Mar y Ann Kes t n e r , ’73 + Ka t h r yn Lucille Nes t o r , ’74 + Jack Edw a r d Ker r , Jr., CAS ’72 Frances Powell Bak e well, ’54 & Frank S. Sandra Joyce Engberg, Ph.D., ’87, ’93 Leslie Nilson Kiehl, ’84 & Alice Hopkins Newton, ’43 & Dr. Kazuo Kod e r a Bak e well, Jr., M.D. + Nadine Cozzo Eng l e r t, ’01 Mar k Allen Kiehl, ENG ’84 Rex H. Newton, Jr., M.D., CAS ’44; Miss Mar y Lou Lane, ’48 Suzanne Laughrey Bal l a r d, ’52 Kimberly Ann English, ’88, ’92 Yookyung Chin Kim, Ph.D., EDU ’90; MED ’45 + Lue v onue M. Lincoln, Ph.D., ’78, ’82 & Susan Elizabeth Bar e, ’94 Debra M. Evan s k y EDU ’93 & Hong Koo Kim Kathleen Dvorsak Niznik, ’83, ’90 Dr. Eugene A. Lincoln Judith Gross Bar tolotta, ’67 & Vin c e n t Mar g a r et Brackin Ewalt, ’56 + Judith Etz el King, ’62 & William R. King Joan F. Nock + Elizabeth Lloyd Nor oian, Ph.D., ’68, ’70; John Bar tolotta, Jr., Esq., CAS ’67; Betty E. Falk, ’48 & Edw a r d Charles Fal k , Ka r en Mohan Klein, ’76 & Ca r ol Jones Noonan, ’76 EDU ’80 LAW ’70 + M.D., CAS ’39; MED ’43 Rob e r t A. Klein, Jr. Ste v en Joseph Novak, M.D., MED ’88 Virginia Lee Olson, ’74 Ger ene Sue Bau l d o f f , Ph.D., ’93, ’01 + Mar tha Fay Fellers, ’64 & Albert C. Fel l e r s Mar cia Peterson Klepac, ’67 & Phyllis Bergent O ’Block, ’49 + Gar y Alexander Plu m m e r , EDU ’76 + Alice Rowe Beegan, ’47 Deborah Cur tiss Flanigan, ’77 & R Glenn Edw a r d Klepac, LAW ’70 * John M. O ’Donnell, ’91 + Evelyn Edith Ramming, ’59 + Diane E. Bel a c k ob e r t Earl Flanigan, M.D., CAS ’76; Leigh A. Kloss, ’76 Christie Graham Oblak, ’86, ’96 & Irene Isabell Riddle, Ph.D., ’70 Judith Crowley Bellin, ’64 MED ’80 Terri E. Koe h l e r , ’83 Mitchell D. Oblak, ’91, ’00 Yvonne M. Sil v erberg, ’64 + Ruth Smith Bendel, ’83, ’92 Mar g a r et Wiley Fol e y , ’76, ’82 & Ter r y Mil d r ed Huston Kovacik, ’67, ’74 & Marilyn Haag Oermann, Ph.D., ’75; EDU Phoebe Dauz Williams, R.N., Ph.D., Aimee Becker Benedict, ’79 John Fol e y , CAS ’76 Paul J. Kovacik * ’80 & David Hen r y Oermann, CAS ’71 ’70, ’72 + Diane Schleyer Berk o witz, ’99 Mar y Jane Ber n i e r , Ph.D., ’93 & Susan Edw a r ds Folk, ’68 & Dr. Jos e p h Camille Hucko Kur tanich, ’77 & Mar g a r et Lee O ’Leary, ’82, ’89 George M. Ber n i e r , Jr., M.D. Frederick Folk, ENG ’67 Paul Michael Kur tanich, ENG ’76; Dr. Ellen Frances Ols h a n s k y INDIVIDUALS $500 - $999 George S. Ber r y, CAS ’37 Andrae Tucker Frierson, CAS ’72 KGSB ’81 Mar y L. Pacoe, ’75, ’77 & Miss Madeline C. Ber tucci, ’74 + Michael D. Gab e r , KGSB ’00 Joan J. Kyes, ’66 + Dr. Larry V. Pacoe, CAS ’60 Cynthia Elizabeth Allshouse, KGSB ’99 Barbara Speel Bla i r , ’69 Dor othy Mae Gailani, ’49, ’55 Patricia Holleran Laszlo, Ph.D., EDU ’79 Kathleen Louise Pahel, ’00 Phyllis Fay Armstrong, ’53 & David J. Jean Lockhart Bla i r , ’56, ’76 Rob e r t L. Gar b e r , Esq. Pauline Marie Law, ’88 + Kathleen A. Par k Ar m s t r ong, CAS ’52 + Catherine Jones Bollinger, ’55 An d r ew J Ger a Lillie Mae Lesesne, ’53, ’58 + Dr. James D. Pee b l e s Anne Urban Bonner, ’80 + Mar y Virginia Bortas, ’57 + Dor othy Ament Gera, EDU ’72; EDU ’76 Nan Scolere Leslie, Ph.D., ’71, ’73, ’89 + Kathi J. Per ozzi, CAS ’72, ’85, ’94 + La r r y Richard Sad l e r , M.D., CAS ’80; Jacqueline Goldberg Breakstone, ’86 & John Ger a John Mar tin Lesser, ’83 Mau r een Kathryn Perrino, ’80, ’91 MED ’84 & Mar y Lynn Brown Nancy Bur khouse Brehm, ’77 & Geo r g e Eleanor Potter Gil r oy, ’51, ’60 + Mar y Joan Ley, ’71, ’77 Doris Sherman Pe t ro s k y, ’50 + Donna Dvorsky Caruthers, ’78, ’82 & Kenneth Brehm, CAS ’76 Bonnell Weigle Glass, ’67 E. Gay Lindsay, ’58 + Ch e r yl Tilley Petursson, ’75, ’80 & William Franklin Caruthers II, Esq., Mar y Louise D. Brown, Ph.D., ’90 + Marie Gnus, ’48, ’52, ’70 Jeanne Anne Lithgow, ’45 Sig u r dur R. Petursson, M.D. LAW ’80 Charlene A. Buchanan, ’01 Joseph S. Goode, Jr., ’97, ’00 & Richard Allen Lithgow, PHA ’50 + Regina Harriet Phillips, Ph.D., ’67; Lynda Jo Davidson + D. Naomi Buchholtz, ’48 + Amy Lynne Goodrich, ’89 + Mar y C. Quinn Loughran, ’77; GSPH ’87 EDU ’77 Julia Fae Don o van, ’81 Julie Marie Bud i n g e r , ’96 June Riffle Grace, ’55 & Lloyd F. Gra c e Darlene Aver ell Lovasik, ’82 & Virginia Anne Pidgeon, Ph.D., ’73 Rob e r t M. Hal l s t ro m Rebecca Sheffey Bumsted, ’64 Ca r olyn M. Yurick Greenberg, ’88 Vernon Andrew Lovasik, D.M.D., Ch e r yl Armstrong Pittman, ’85 David C. Hammers, KGSB ’59 + Constance Fulgenzi Buran, ’85 Sadie Gree n b e r g CAS ’76; DEN ’91 Michelle Pla g i a n o s

3 6 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH Myrna Dible Port e r , ’48 + Filomena F. Var var o, Ph.D., ’66; EDU ’82; Susan E. Ben n Claudia C. Careccia, CGS ’74, ’86 Deborah Schloder De Mur o, ’79 Rob e r t Bar r y Powell, ’71 FAS ’01; FAS ’01 + Janet Mar y Holtz Berna, HRS ’78 + Virginia Ahman Caretto, Ph.D., ’79; EDU ’86 Ka r en Melcher Debes, ’72 Ka t h r yn McKavish Pus k a r , Dr.P .H., M.N., Alexander Simon Vujan, Jr., M.D., MED ’74 Lisa Marie Ber n a r do, GSPH ’00 Leah Mae S. Carlisle, ’66 Jason J. Dechant, CAS ’94; FAS ’96 ’71; GSPH ’78; GSPH ’81 Carl E. Walcott, EDU ’55 + Amelia M. Bernd, ’64 Valerie Ann Carth e w, ’99 + Roseann Sta n s b u r y DeG razia, ’75 Katherine Greco Pyr os, ’88, ’91 Jean Mar tin Wedel, ’48 & Paul G. Wed e l Mar y Ellen Grassman Bernstein, ’87 Mar y Beth M. Cartwright, ’81 Wilda Dietrich Deh a r t, ’46 Gladys Dix on Randolph, EDU ’74 & Thomas E. Wen d e l Mar g a r et Ann Steele Ber r y, ’50 Ter esa Karlo Caruso, ’77 Louise White Dek k e r , ’79 Norman Dennis Randolph, Ph. D . , Donna J. White, ’88 Victoria Lynne Betz, ’84 Elizabeth Ewing Case, ’59 Kathy Ann Delac, ’80, ’92 EDU ’74; EDU ’75; EDU ’83 Jennifer Wh i t e h u r s t Bar r y R. Beve r i d g e Gloria Casey Cassandra Kos a n o vich Delisio, ’68 + Cynthia Jean Rath, ’72 Nancy C. Wiand, ’63 Mar y Joan Bilcheck, ’54 Dale Marie Cattley, ’49 & Louis A. Frances Kasubick Dellantonio, ’65 David Allan Redding, D.M.D., DEN ’68 + Jean Pit z er Wiant, ’55 Mar y Elizabeth Bilitski, ’87 Ca t t l e y , CAS ’49; EDU ’55 Lori A. Dem e t e r , ’77 Sha r on S. Ree h e r Mar y Beth Williams, ’77 Charlotte Mae Bi rc h a rd, ’90 Alicia Swigunski Cessar, ’92 Nancy Zentner DeM ilta, ’81 Lynn F. Reinke, ’90 Fay C. Wil l i s Lisa Fischer Bix b y, ’86 & Roy Jos e p h Jean Chantz Ca r ol Jean Demoss, ’73 Oli v e Jeanette Rich, Ph.D., ’72 Miriam Gross Win i k o f f , ’67; EDU ’73; Bix b y, KGSB ’88 Mar g a r et A. Chaouk, ’80 Ellen Proeller Dennis, ’74 Eleanor Bash Richter, ’55 EDU ’86 Elizabeth Black, ’49 Marilyn D. Chapman, ’46 Kathleen Klug Depaul, ’86 Dr. Vera Lubinetzky Robinson, ’51 & Patricia Maloney Wol p e r t, ’76 Judith Sherman Black, M.D., CAS ’71; Kathy Jane Young Chasler, ’80 & Judith Lorraine Deutsch, ’76 Frank J. Robinson, Ph.D., SOC WK James L. Woo m e r , Jr., ’00 + MED ’74; GSPH ’87 & Milton Hen r y Nicholas J. Chasler, JHN ’79 Patricia Allen DiG eorge, ’67 & ’51; FAS ’65 John Greg o r y Wright, CAS ’87 Black, M.D., Kathleen Marie Chavez, ’79 John Donald DiG eorge, Jr., ENG ’67 Mar y Jo Domin Rodgers, ’74 & Judith A. Wri g h t CAS ’58; MED ’63; GSPH ’92 Candice C. Chin, ’75 Betsy Ann Kauffman DiNa r do, ’84 + Greg o r y George Rodgers, CAS ’72 + Debra Shiley Wujcik, ’77, ’82 Jeanette Reese Blackston, Ed.D., LIS ’76; Joann Chmielewski, ’97, ’99 Monica Mar ten Di Na rdo, ’78, ’84 Julie Rogan, ’02; UCIS ’02 + Joan M. Yod e r , ’78 + EDU ’96 & Leon J. Blackston, Jr. Rebecca T. Christian, EDU ’79 & Valerie Haynes Disanti, ’81 Elayne Judith Rosen, SOC WK ’69 + Mar y Th e r ese Zabielski, Ph.D., ’75, ’80, ’92 + Joan Mar g a r et Bla s i n s k y , ’96 + Francis Edw a r d Christian, ’79 Jill Brackbill Dix on, ’78 Ka t h r yn She a r er Zini, ’77 & Mar g a r et Quinn Ros e n z w eig, Ph.D., ’86, ’01 Betty Jane Fox Boggio, ’57 Cindy G. Ciocca, ’90 Ladonna Marie Kanfush Dmitsak, ’82 + Aldo Zini, ENG ’75 + Dor othy Rup e r t, ’47 Cindy Jones Boice, ’82 Marilyn Jan d o r f Citron, Ph.D., ’45, ’64; Kathleen Renee Dobbin, ’98 Nancy Rishel Rymut, ’74 Jennifer Hunter Bollman, ’86 EDU ’77 Kathleen A. Don a t e l l i Dr. Susan Bak e well Sachs, ’79 INDIVIDUALS $99 AND UNDER Sha r on K. Bonavog l i a Elaine Love Civic, ’72 & Thomas Joh n Anne Eulalia Don n e l l y , ’65 Ter esa J. Sak r a i d a Jeanne Radzwill Bonidy, ’77 Civic, ENG ’71; GSPH ’74 Nancy Harris Don o van, ’78 + Marilyn Mad d o x Salem, ’54 & Sara Barley Aalto, ’67 Gail Dille Booth, ’82 Dei d r e L. Cleary, ’98 Susan Dor fman, ’78 Alexander Nassar Salem, CAS ’50 Donna M. Abriola, ’88 Paul Rob e r t Borman, CAS ’65; FAS ’68 Catherine Anne Closs, ’73 Dana W. Doucette, ’93 Wanida Sanasuttipun, Ph.D., ’00 Bette Callahan Ack e r , ’46 James A. Borne Nancy E. Cobb Mar k K. Dover Marguerite Jackson Schaefer, D.S., Nancy Lynne Adams, ’86 Lenora Altvater Borucki, ’76 Carla Nickl Cocco, ’83 & Mar k V. Cocco Peter Joseph Draus, CGS ’86; LIS ’90 Sc . D . H yg, GSPH ’64, ’72 Lois Ann Ahlborn, ’70 Lynn Owens Boucek, ’79 & Charles D. Marianne Channas Cockroft, ’80 Constance G. Drenning, ’65 & Ch e r yl Klouzal Schmidt, Ph.D., ’99 + Ri c h a r d S. Albright Boucek, M.D., MED ’83 + Leslie Anne Coda, ’74 Ri c h a r d P. Dren n i n g She r yl A. Bower s Dr. Susan M. Cohen Ronald Dubos, ’97 + Susan Se re i k a Peggy Llewelyn Alderdice, ’67 Dr. Sandra Sulsberger Bowles, ’61, ’64 Ka t h r yn O. Coisman, ’97 Donna Smiley Duchene, ’87 Mar y Ann Sevick, Sc.D.Hyg., ’79; Sheila Alexander Bev erly Taylor Boyd, ’67, ’69 Constance K. Collins-Dav i s T. Audean Duespohl, Ph.D., EDU ’89 GS P H ’89 Stephanie Sal a n k i e wicz Altman, ’73 & Judith Kuhlman Boyko, ’67 Charlotte Spo r ck Collman, ’50, ’79 Mar cella Ann Duf f y , ’96 Janet Lea Shade, ’73 Har old Altman, M.D., MED ’83 June Lang Boyles, ’64 Pamela G. Colson, ’77 Paula J. Duf f y , CAS ’91, ’02 + Ethel Lawyer Sha w , ’42 + Rose Marie Alvin, Ph.D., ’86 Lois Gree n fi eld Boyles, ’79, ’79 Yvette Per r y Conley, Ph.D., GSPH ’93; Valeria C. Duk e l o w, ’60 Luda C. Shields, ’55 Julia Lee Anderson, ’92 Barbara Ann Bra c k e - G ebel, ’55 GS P H ’99 Mar yjo Seng Dunn, ’78, ’84 Natalie Diehl Shr i ve r , ’75 + Patricia Ohrin Anderson, ’74 Ka t h r yn Bra d l e y , ’77 Ann Fuller Connolly, ’87 & Mar k Joh n Sarah Wilson Dunning, ’74 Marlene Lucille Sienicki, ’96 Geraldine Mae Decarbo Angel, Ph.D., ’63; Barbara L. Braman, ’94 Co n n o l l y , CAS ’87 Stephanie Sue Dup l a g a An d r ea Jean Sloan, ’76 + EDU ’91 Dr. Vera Dubay Brancato, ’77, ’80 Helenea Hrebenak Connor, ’79 Anne McB ain Dye, ’61 Donna Jean Smith, EDU ’82 Angela Jacobi, R.N., MN IBCL, ’77 & Janice Braunegg Brandeburg, ’74, ’78 & Sha r yn Neiman Conrad, ’76 & Dav i d Louise R. Eck r oth, ’47 + Jennifer Abele Smith, ’72 Burleigh Paul Angle, EDU ’72 Stephen J. Brandeburg, Jr. Edw a r d Conrad, CGS ’67; KGSB ’71 + Barbara Speelman Edw a r ds, ’77 & Shirley Ann Powe Smith, ’59, ’79 & Mar y Jane Antonazzo, ’93 Bev erly Trub y Brandt, ’83, ’96 Paula Decoursey Conte, B.S.N., ’74; George L. Edw a r ds, KGSB ’66 Rob e r t Preston Smith, D.D.S., CAS Patricia Elaine App l e b y, ’85 Patricia Liebold Brandt, ’72 GS P H ’96 & Samuel David Conte, Meri Beth Pacek Eld e r , ’88 ’55; DEN ’60 Dor othy Anna Ardisson, ’48 + Ka r en Ann Bra y , ’74, ’74, ’77 Ph.D., CAS ’70; EDU ’82 Regina Celeste Ell e n b e r g e r , ’81 Mar y Catherine Smolenski, ’72 Barbara Mock Arena, ’75 Barbara Taylor Brennan, ’84 & Mar y Ellen Cook, ’97 T. Kunkle Emberg, ’68 Dr. Janet Rex r ode Sou t h b y, ’69 Mar y Sul l i v an Arenth, ’48 + Thomas Joseph Brennan, Jr., CGS ’83 Mar yjane Cooney, ’89 + Ruth Willkens Emerson, ’43 & Jacquelyn A. Spa n g l e r , ’86, ’91 Lois Ann Ashcroft, ’76 & David Ashcrof t Lillian Jossi Bren n e r , ’48 Constance Joan Cortese, ’86; HRS ’99 & Eugene Emerson, M.D., MED ’43 Barbara Elliott Spi e r , Ph.D., ’68; SOC Sandra Royer Ashoff, ’83 & Thomas Damien Ashoff, CAS ’82 Sha r on Callihan Brewer , ’61, ’78 Rob e r t Anthony Cortese, ENG ’86; Mar y Louise Ende, ’65 WK ’89 + Mar y C. Augustine, ’91 Ter r y J. Brewer , ’94 ENG ’91 Ri c h a r d Allen Eng b e r g Roseanna Spizzirri, ’72 Mar y Shields Aulisio, ’98 Mar tha Win g e r d Bri s t o r , ’57 Timothy Dar r en Costa, ’95 Barbara Hootman Ens o r , ’59 + Diane Dalton Sta j d u h a r , ’80 & Karl Louise Ann Aurilio, Ph.D., ’00 + Catherine Latu Brop h y , ’84 Mar tha Modrak Costello, ’57 Jeannette B. Ent w i s l e Conrad Sta j d u h a r , M.D., CAS ’79; Camille Brisini Bagnato, ’67, ’75 Mar g a r et Olander Brop h y , ’49 + Susan L. Costello, ’90 Patricia R. Ergas, ’63 MED ’83 Susan L. Bai l e y Mar cia R. Brown, ’77 + Mar y McCaa Cothran, Ph.D., ’96 Dor othy Eri c k s o n Amber Latta Stanko, ’73, ’80 Barbara Miller Bak e r , ’73 Nellie Hogan Brown, ’74 Wilma Betts Couper, ’52 Dr. E. R. Eri c k s o n Ca r ol Sta s i c h a Mar g a r et L. Balog, ’51; GSPH ’60 + Mar g a r et Bruce Brum g a r d, ’43 Kenneth Cover t Helen Weber Err era, ’62, ’69 Mer cedes Ann Staudt, ’63 & Jennifer Foster Balon, ’81, ’99 Joseph J. Brun, 94 ’98 Diane Deborah Cox, Ph.D., ’95 Melanie Mat t h e ws Erskine, ’78, ’85 Donald J. Staudt, Sr., KGSB ’59 * + Mar y Dolbear Banks, ’65 Anna B. Bryan, ’50 + Mil d r ed Jones Cox, ’46 & Mar y Bar tlett Espinosa, ’69 & Dr. Arlene Patterson Stein, ’58 + Elizabeth Southwood Baran, ’77 Peggy Jo Fanale Budnik, ’70 & Thomas H. Cox, D.M.D., DEN ’47 Ruben Jose Espinosa, Ph.D., CAS ’67; Bev erly Ann Stephenson, ’58 Mar k R. Bar b e r John Edw a r d Budnik, CAS ’68 Ka r en Susanne Cra m e r , ’97 FAS ’69; FAS ’74 Mae Cook Stew a r t, ’60 Anita Colasante Bar kin, ’85 Dei rd r e Ann Bulian, ’00 Patricia Koon Cra v en, ’70 Alice Robinson Evans, ’46 + Ca r ol S. Sti l l e y , Ph.D., EDU ’92; Marjorie A. Ger ke Bar n a r d, ’46 Eleanor Louise Burf o r d, ’50 Anne Lipps Cra w f o r d, ’78 + Ka r en Kunkle Evans, ’69 EDU ’97 Ca r ole D. Bar n e s Alice May Bur g e r Ruth Ralston Cra w f o r d, ’95 + Nettie Kooser Fai r g r i e v e, ’58 Mar y Gangemi Sti n e l y , ’45, ’49 Mar g a r et L. Bar n e wall, ’64 Lisa M. Bu rk e Jennifer J. Crisci, ’01 Donna Jean Falsetti, Dr.P .H., ’82, ’86; Doris M. Sti t e l y , ’68, ’71 + Tara Hlavsa Bar n h a r t, ’77 Ann Louise Burk h a r dt, ’46, ’64 Susan Crissman, ’69, ’76 GS P H ’01 Opal Wet z el Sto c k w ell, ’51 & Ele a n o r e Frances Bar ovitch, ’68 Kathleen Marie Burns, ’72, ’76 Helen Cronin, ’52 Zoe A. Fausold, ’96 Elbridge F. Sto c k w ell, Jr., ENG ’50 + Nora Cunningham Bart l e y , ’48 Susan Pehnec Burns, ’79 Randall C. Cron i n Mar y Dillie Feathers, ’46 Bruce St ro n g Beth Brilla Bauman, ’85 Mar y Gwynne Bur r ow, ’59 Dr. Sherill Nones Cronin, ’76 Dor othea L. Fee, ’61 Linda R. Stu m p f , Ph.D., ’95 + Ca r olyn Whitehill Bax t e r , ’61 & Jam e s Patricia Ann Buzi, ’93 Beauty Den b y Crummette, Ph.D., ’78 Eleanor Annis Feerst, ’60; EDU ’65 Judith A. Tate, ’91 Rob e r t Bax t e r , D.D.S., DEN ’61 Mar g a r et Jenkins Buzza, ’49 + Ca r ol Lee Cure y , ’79 + Constance Graff Fei l e r , ’88 & Esther Mae Tesh, ’71 Angela S. Bayless, ’78 Ca r ol Jean Byers, ’86 Nancy Ellen Cur r y, Ph.D., EDU ’56; Sidney I. Fei l e r , CAS ’64; EDU ’66 Catherine Hil a i r e Thompson, ’63 Kim Kom a r omy Beam, ’78 Dr. Joan Phyllis Byers, ’87 + EDU ’72 Mar yanne Fello, ’72; EDU ’76 Donna Shupe Thompson, ’62 & Ca r olyn Elaine Bechtold, ’82 Amelia Dol o r es Caddy, ’62 Mar y Jo Kelly Cwen a r , ’74 Elizabeth Rueckl Ferri, ’81 James S. Thompson, M.D., CAS ’53; Mar y Lou Beck, ’78 + Pamela Reder Caden, ’81 Sheila Renee Czarniecki, ’99, ’02 + Judith Orzec h o wski Fesz, ’69, ’77 MED ’59 + Alice Marshall Bec k e r , ’74 Mar y Ellen Caffrey , ’49 Joanne Pfaller Daniels, ’73 & Wil l i a m Janet Win g e r d Feucht, ’55 Anita Lacava Thorne, ’57, ’64 + Arlene Jusys Beckman, ’75 Christina Gledhill Calamaro, ’88 Walter Daniels, ENG ’72 Ileen Patricia Fin l e y , ’90 Denise Hirsch Tola, ’91 Nancy M. Bedell, ’91 & Dawn Marie Callanan, ’00 Judith C. Daum, ’73 Leota Fis h e r , ’45 Patricia Klinefelter Tuite, ’85, ’92 Alan Nichols Bedell, M.D., MED ’81 Ruth Sheriff Campbell, ’54 & Ka r en Louise Davidson, ’82 + Suzanne Bridget Fitzgerald, ’77 & Lois Close Turnbull, ’45 Tekla Wiehn Bee b y, ’64 James William Campbell, EDU ’52; Bonnie Kay Davis, ’69, ’76 Rob e r t C. Fit z g e r a l d Sha r on L. Uhl, ’68, ’71 Ka t h r yn Anna Bee h n e r , ’60 + EDU ’55 Cl a i r e Mat r o Davis, ’87 Sally Foster Fitzgerald, ’70 Joan Har enski Ulm e r , ’58, ’84 Barbara Ben z enhoefer Belski, ’76 & Diane S. Campbell, ’81 & Lois Chambers Davis, ’59 Mar cia Nelson Fix, ’58, ’61 + Judith Marie Vaglia, ’71, ’73, ’97 Ronald William Belski, CAS ’76 + Rob e r t C. Campbell, GSPH ’83 Ann Davisson, ’67 Sonya Ickes Fleming, ’72 Donna Kay Val l e r , ’60 Jer r y Mantooth Benedict, ’73 Lucille Anne Capo Rome, ’88 Ruth De Hav en, ’64 Miss Emma Kathryn Fli n n e r , ’49, ’56

P I T T N U R S E SUMMER 2003 3 7 Ka r en Krajewski Florian, ’78 & Darlene Ann Hostoffer Hal l e r , ’70 Deborah J. Jac k s o n E unice K. Jadlocki, ’70 Kimberly Cipra Leone, ’77 & Constance S. McCormick, GSPH ’85 Dr. Frederick M. Florian, CAS ’77 Joanne Brodala Hal s e y , ’72 & Lawrence J. Jad l o c k i Guy R. Leone, M.D., MED ’82 Diane R. McD ougal, ’77 Susan M. Fol e y Davin L. Ham p t o n Stella Kourakos Jaffurs, ’63, ’66 & Jacqueline Lever , ’93, ’95 Geraldine Blissell McG inn, ’52; EDU ’68 + Ca r ole J. For d, ’94 Jean Lydick Hanas, ’76 Alexander J. Jaf f u r s Allan M. Levine Judith Culler McG lothlin, ’69 Elaine Stamerra Fos t e r , ’82 Gw endolyn L. Har dt, ’57 Kay Soper Jam b o r , ’88 + Paul H. Levine Janet Eileen McI ndoe, ’51 Kathleen Leon Fowl e r , ’77 Elizabeth Fla h e r ty Har kins, ’80 Gayle Stirling Jameson, ’82, ’97 Ste v en M. Levine Arlene Altmyer McLean, ’67 Linda Mar g a r et Fowl e r , Dr.P .H., ’83; Lorri Ann Har s h b e r g e r , ’87 Brandi F. Jefferson, ’02 + Betty Levy, PHA ’45 + Elizabeth I. McNa l l y GS P H ’86; GSPH ’97 + Shirley K. Har t, ’58 Nancy Ann Johncola, ’90 C. Vanetta Lewis, ’71 Mar g a r et A. McNe i l Mar y Lou Fragale, ’78 + H. Ann Ha rt a ry, R.N., ’64 Clara R. Johnson, ’60 Deborah Ann Lewis, GSPH ’99 Christopher E. McPh e r s o n Mar y Leap Franceschini, ’65 William F. Har tnett, ’55 Sandra Joh n s o n Elaine Tyrie Lewis, ’44 Nancy Flanigan McS teen, ’55 & Virginia Powell Francis, ’45, ’48 Troy Philip Haupt, ’95 Susan Elisabeth Johnson, ’83 Nedra Wal f o r d Ligday, ’57 + J. David McS teen, ENG ’55 + Debra Lynn Frank, ’83 & Barbara Haus, ’62 Charlotte N. Jones, Ph.D., ’56, ’73; Ka r en Stegman Lilli, ’73 & Ka r en Ann Meadville, ’75, ’92 Debra Lynn Frank, ’89 Joyce F. Hawk, ’93 EDU ’79 Rob e r t Har r y Lilli, M.D., HRP ’73 Stephen J. Mee Susan Strauss Frank, ’90 & Ste p h e n Mar y E. Hawthorne, ’90 Felice Luka Jor dahl, ’83 Kathleen Oar e Lindell, ’82, ’87 + Lois Romaine Meek, ’69 Michael Frank, CAS ’88 Brenda Crush Hay , ’80 + Mar y E. Jubeck, ’69, ’91 Mar y Jo Lindsay, ’85 + Al b e r ta Men d i c i n o Patsy Fra n t z Mil f o r d L. Haz l e t Marguerite Ann Jud y , ’73 Kristina L. Linkes, ’01 Dor othy Lillian Mer r ow, ’57 Professor Pauline Freedberg, ’85 Judith Graham Hazlett, ’58 Oli v e Por ter Jumet, ’59, ’63 Ele a n o r e J. Lipp, ’48 Lois G. Michaels, GSPH ’63 & Mar y Shoup Freliga, ’59 + Nancy Rae Haz o, ’65 & Moses Jos e p h Laura Juran, ’72 Joanne Rostek Lithgow, ’84 & Milton Mey er Michaels, M.D., CAS Barbara Mae Ful l e r ton, ’83 Haz o, CAS ’64 + Hil l a r y M. Kahn Thomas Mar tin Lithgow, ENG ’84 ’50; MED ’54 + Beth Eileen Ful m e r , ’84 Lillian Catherine Hearn, ’49 Kirstyn Marie Kameg, ’98, ’00 Kimberly Woodcock Littell, ’83 Mar g a r et Virginia Michele, ’62, ’66 + Donald M. Gak e n h e i m e r Nancy Russell Hedges, ’62 Nancy Conners Kaminski, ’78 & Ka r en L. Little, ’81 & Dr. Jacqueline Mansour Mic k l e y , ’70 Stanley Ga l ez a Susan Shook Hel l e r , ’80 & Dean Sta n l e y Sargent Dean Raymond Kaminski, Leo A. Little, CGS ’84 Patricia Ruffo Mihalcin, Ph.D., ’75, ’78; Aileen Duke Gallatin, EDU ’89, ’97 + Hel l e r , HRP ’79 + CA S ’75 + Isador Livan t EDU ’89 Elizabeth Geisler Gallina, ’76 & Charlotte M. Hel l e r Paul J. Kapsar Olga Roman Lloyd, ’54 Patricia Ann Mihallo, ’82 William H. Gallina, KGSB ’78; Rob e r ta G. Hel l e r , ’67 + Susan Taylor Karaffa, ’78 & Sandra Davis Lloyd, ’78 Suellyn Kramer Mil c h o vich, ’72 KGSB ’78 + Ri c h a r d A. Hen k e r , ’02 Michael Alan Karaffa, CAS ’78 + Grace Lockard, ’78 Arlene Arrigoni Mil l e r , ’62 Mar y Ann Newell Gapinski, ’76 + Ri c h a r d K. Her b s t e r Kelli Sue Kashner, ’00 + Jeanette Titus Lockovich, ’86 Barbara Lynch Mil l e r , ’73 Dor othy Garland, ’80 Kelli Conway Herrington, ’88 Mar y Ann Kea r n e y , ’65 Arlene Sul l i v an Loeffler , Ph.D., EDU ’82; Beth E. Mil l e r , ’72 Heidi R. Garland, ’00 Ca r ol Hes s - Ha b e r , Ph.D., CGS ’67, ’80 Mar y Ellen Kee f e r , ’76 EDU ’93 Ros e m a r y Birmingham Mil l e r , ’47 Miss Cleo Marie Garrison, ’60 Joan E. Heyson, ’80 Mil d r ed Volz Kegel, ’53 & Mar g a r et Loh, ’57 Jean Min n o Rosanna M. Gart l e y Kelly Humensky Hic k e y , ’92 Reve r end Adam Kegel, ENG ’49 Christine Lokey, CAS ’80 Patricia Noe Minton, ’82 Joan Plassio Ga rz a relli, ’76, ’85 Rachel Hicks, ’01 Marilyn Louise Keil, ’57 Melissa Jill Lokovic, ’98 Bonnie Faith Mok o t o f f , EDU ’75 & Michelle Gaz ella, ’89 Dr. Kathy R. Higgins, ’75, ’78 Anastasia Dzurko Lombard, ’68, ’75 Michael Mok o t o f f , Ph. D . Relda Timmeney Kel l y , ’63 Sheila Giesler Gea l e y , ’94 Linda Westapal Higgins, Ph.D., ’87, ’97 Sharlene Leymarie Long, ’69 Anne Monahan, ’73 + Kathleen Ken n e d y Corinne Zimmerman Gea r y, ’83 Joanne Lipps Hig h b e r g e r , ’72 Kathleen Zugell Lore, ’90 & Elizabeth Sue Mon d o c k Joan Ken n e y Rebecca Ann Gediminskas, ’78, ’85 Suzanne F. Himebaugh, ’76 & John T. Ri c h a r d Allen Lore, CAS ’92 Nancy U. Mon r o, ’64 & Marjorie Patricia Kerlin, Ph.D., ’79; EDU ’92 Jane Howe Gentile, ’72 Himebaugh, ’76 Jill Funfar Love, ’81 John Carney Mon r o, ENG ’64; ENG ’66 & Wesley Eugene Kerlin, Jr., Nancy Whitley Gibellino, ’72 Marilyn Grey Hinchliffe, ’71; Ora Mae Lovr e, ’69 Amy Maria Montag, ’94 SOC WK ’71 Deborah Trent Giel, ’90 + SOC WK ’75 + Mar g a r et Kaylor Lucas, ’59 Judith Ann Mon t g o m e r y, ’61 Donna Clemens Ket t e re r , ’74 Eileen T. Gie r l Susan Louzil Hir th, ’76 Dev era Bloom Luc k e r , ’60 Jo Ann Moorhead, ’76 Sister Lorelda Kilchenstein Lillian Mae Gill, ’52 + Ronald G. His c o c k Mar yann Payne Luft, ’72 & Cynthia Herr Moran, ’90 Susan Mar y Kim, ’84 Erin Peters Glaws, ’79 Stacie F. Hitt, Ph.D., ’98 Carl Frank Luft, CAS ’72; PIA ’76 Deborah Lee Mor g a n Linda Evelyn King, ’63 + Amy I. Glu n t Jennifer Mar cia Hlad, ’94 Lucy Spinelli Lusk, ’79 Virginia Price Morgan, ’50 Raymond F. King, Jr. Kathleen Uebele God f re y , ’80, ’86, ’99 Ros e m a r y Gaenzle Hoak, ’51, ’53 Janine Sismour Lynch, ’84 Lynn Carlson Moyer , ’89 & Elizabeth Stein Kinley, ’87 Joan Godich, ’97 + Ca r ol Fitzpatrick Hod g k i s s Patricia Ann Lysko, ’77 + Rob e r t Donald Moyer , Jr., M.D., Barbara Smatsky Kisilevsky, ’67, ’69 Susan Franz Gold, ’75 Gail Pfeiffer Hoffman, ’57 Cynthia Mac D onald, ’99 + MED ’92 + Dr. Patricia Darlene Kissell, ’66, ’68 Judith Rieder Goldnetz, ’80 + Ros e m a r y L. Hof f m a n Lucia Modugno Mac D onald, ’79 Ros e m a r y B. Mue h l b a u e r , ’62 Mar y Beth Kissler, ’91 + Deborah Hruska Good, ’75 Ros e m a r y Labarbera Hoffmann, ’77, ’83 Holly Joy Myers Mac k e y , ’84 Sara E. Mus o l f , ’43 Lynn A. Klanchar, ’78 Elaine Wet z el Good, ’61 & Paul Charles Hoffmann, PHA ’79 Dr. Marlene C. Mac k e y , ’75 Joanne Myer s Ros e m a r y Kmetz, ’70 + An n e - M arie Cussel Gor don, ’45 Bev erly Benz Hogan, ’59 Kathy Sue Magdic, ’92, ’95 Mar y Sabol Myers, ’51, ’53 Jane E. Knox Pauline Barnes Gose, ’49 Dawn Thomas Hoge, ’81 Paula Ann Maggitti, ’96 + Rinda S. Ramos & Ste v en Nag e l Shirley Negley Kob e r t, ’60, ’66 Gloria Pelc Gotaskie, ’77, ’94 + Dor othy Grace Hol d e r , ’48; GSPH ’62 Janice Carol Mak e r , SOC WK ’85 Denise Mericli Nag y , ’84 David F. Gou l d Mar cia Har tman Holland, ’80 Glo r y Val e n t o vish Koerbel, ’78 Cathy Conrad Mall, ’83 Eileen Gallagher Nahigian, ’70 & Idamae F. Gower , GSPH ’91 & Sister Ruth Hollen, RSM, ’80 Antoinette M. Koh l e r , ’86 Lee Anne Man d i c h Gabriel H. Nah i g i a n Lionel D. Gower , ’91 Mar y Lee Hol l e r , ’78 Mabel Ruth Konopa, ’46 Lisa Fulena Mangino, ’84 Dor othy Pinette Nar della, ’76, ’80 & Joanne Har t Graffte, ’69 Mar tha Braun Holmes, ’52 & Judith A. Koo n t z Mar g a r et E. Manion, ’89 Guy M. Nar della, M.D., MED ’82 Kathleen Schultz Gra n g e r , ’72 & Rob e r t Bruce Holmes, M.D., CAS ’49; Sandra L. Korbakes, ’69, ’75 Judy Man j e r ovi c Rev a L. Neiman, ’90, ’93 + Peter Bourne Gra n g e r , CAS ’71 MED ’52 + Nancy Neiberg Kos a n o vich, ’65, ’67 & Adele F. Mannella, ’47, ’48, ’51 Jean M. Nelson, ’70 Del o r es Jean Graziani, ’85 Lori Wa rd rop Holt, ’99 James Michael Kos a n o vich, CGS ’72 Geraldine R. Man z i o n e Katherine Ann Jensen Nelson, ’69, ’73 Joanne Greedan, ’65 + Lyle W. Hovl a n d Sara Muse Kovacs, ’76 Natalie Margolis, ’51 Joel A. Nes s Jane F. Green, ’53 Valerie Michele Howa r d, ’95 Dr. Kevin Drew Kravitz, CAS ’81 Evelyn Hearn Mark e r , ’60 Brigette Mul a r key Niesen, ’81 Julia A. Gree n a w a l t Susan Nemcsik Hreha, ’78 Nancy B. Kravitz, ’81 Phyllis Anne Mark l e y , ’97 Norma Jack Noden, ’54 Felice Palley Greene, ’78 Yu- Y un Hsu Deborah Pet r o Kreahling, ’78, ’90 Sandra Nuss Mark l e y , ’60 Blanche Peterson Nor deen, ’60 Ka r en K. Gree n w a l d Dr. Mar y Halley Huch, ’74 Angela Lynn Kres s l y , ’01 + Ruth Ewing Marlin, ’49, ’55, ’70 Dr. Loretta Brush Normile, ’72, ’77 + Judith Mer edith Greg o r y, ’67 Barbara Foster Huf f , ’78 Janet R. Kreu e r , ’73 + R. Jeanne Mar m a r ose, ’46 & Agnes Rosenbaum Nossek, ’76 Joan M. Greg o r y, ’96 & Lee Anthony Debra L. Hug h e s Haz el Moran Kuc h i n s k y , ’66 + Frank A. Mar m a r ose, D.D.S., CAS ’46; Gen e v i e v e Mihelcic Novak, ’68 Greg o r y, ENG ’82; ENG ’95 M. Katherine Brown Hull, ’78 & Ca r oline Wright Kuhl, ’69 DEN ’47 Kristine Fairbanks Nowak, ’79 & Amy Marie Gresh, ’82 + Wil l a r d Hul l Annamma Kur uvilla, ’72 Hil a r y Stone Mar tin, ’78 & Daniel John Nowak, CAS ’77; CAS ’77; Sally Jean Gres t y , ’65 Olga R. Hul l e y , ’45 Rose Marie Kutlenios, Ph.D., ’79, ’85, ’99 Dennis Ste v ens Mar tin, CAS ’78 + KGSB ’78 Mar g a r et Jane Grey , ’70 Nancy Smith Hundstad, ’76 & Amy Lou Labant, Ph.D., ’99 + Nancy Simpson Mar ts, ’52 Marilyn Zrust, ’79, ’89 & Tim o t h y Mar y Louise Gri f fi n, ’80 Ri c h a r d William Hundstad, ENG ’77 Mar g a r et Mar y Lambrou, ’82 War r en Burr Mar vin, EDU ’72 Charles O ’Connor, CGS ’87 Deborah Ann Gri f fi th, ’75 & Joan Walls Hunt, ’56 Rene Bridge Lamp, ’83 Frank A. Mas c a r a Dol o r es M. O ’Don n e l l William Schuler Gri f fi th, Ph.D., Maria Hunt, ’80 Jacqueline Quiter Lanehart, ’82 Justine Yurk o vich Masi, ’48 Marion Le Vake O ’Donnell, ’48 + FAS ’73; FAS ’79 Elizabeth Lauder Hun t e r , ’54 Laurie Lapsley Leora R. Mas u r , ’51 + Dol o r es Liszka O ’Hara, ’73, ’77 Rene Pieja Grim, ’77 + Flo r ence M. Hun t e r - Um s t e a d Mar g a r et Ann Larson, ’76 Diane McD ermott Mat h e ws, ’72 + Dor othy A. O ’Har a Kathleen Hipkiss Grimm, ’70 Mar y T. Hur l e y , ’85, ’95 Deborah Rob e r ts Latsha, ’80 & Ka r en Rippin Mazza, ’76 & Naomi Zwicker O ’Kee f e Joan Lesniak Grocki, ’82 & Linda Lu Hutchinson, ’82 Kimber Lynn Latsha, Esq., LAW ’80 Francis Ger a r d Mazza, M.D., CAS ’74; Dor othy M. O ’Neill, ’47 Daniel Joseph Grocki, LIS ’84 Nancy Patricia Hutchinson, ’70 Susan Klinkner Lauffer, ’75 & MED ’78 Neil K. Obe r h o l t ze r Wilma D. Groethe, ’96 Jill Schrott Huw e, ’90 Russell Thomas Lauffer, PHA ’76 Harriet Berlin Mc Clish, ’61 James M. Obr i n g e r , 94 ’99 Sister Louise Grundish, ’76 Estella M. Hyde, ’81 Helen L. Laughran, ’56 Miriam A. McA l l i s t e r , ’49 Linda Mulach Obr yan, ’77 Frances Gua s t a f e r r o Brenda Gol b y Ivanac, ’73 Ca r ol Lindsay Lausch, ’63 Ca r ol Schwarz McA n u l t y , ’75 Heather Joan Off n e r Tanya T. Gurian, ’77 Melody Bell Ives, ’94 + Marian A. Leake, ’54 Maura K. McC a l l Mar y Pettus Ogden, ’58 Jane Gut t e n d o r f, ’87, ’94 Elizabeth Nicholson Ivey , ’59 & Katharine A. Lembright, R.N., ’46 Ruth Ann McC h e s n e y , ’61 Susan Cros b y Olson, ’79 Ch e r yl Scofield Gut t e r r es, ’63 William J. C. Ivey , D.D.S., CAS ’56; Aud r ey Marie Lentz, ’64 An d r ea Knolle McClellan, ’82 Gar y J. Oren i c h Michael Allen Haf f e y , ’95 DEN ’60 Sister Mar y Sal va t o r e Leo, ’67 Kathy Diane McClymonds, ’97 + Sophia Jer m a n o vich Orl o vich, ’76 +

3 8 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH Ellen L. Owens, ’76 Michael Rog a n Dor othy Grimes Simmons, ’50 Janet I. Upl i n g e r , ’59 & O R GA N I Z AT I O N S / FO U N DAT I O N S / Joyce Urda Par eigis, ’61, ’63 & Miss June K. Rolison, ’56 Edw a r d F. Sim o n s Chalmers R. Upl i n g e r , ENG ’60 C O R P O R AT I O N S La w r ence H. Par eigis, PHA ’67 Dr. Helen L. Romano, ’78 + Susan Swi t z er Simpkins, ’64 Har r y D. Urb a n Helen Mackie Park e r , ’51 & Ca r olyn S. Rome, ’75, ’78 Mar g a r et Tur ocy Sinback, ’74 & Ellenor Williams Vajda, ’44, ’49 Abbott Laboratories Elton L. Park e r Mar y Nicholson Rom e r o, ’56 + Timothy H. Sin b a c k Susan Nickel Van Cleve, ’77 + Alcoa Fou n d a t i o n Eileen Cecilia Parsons, BRD ’95, ’96 Michael J. Rooths, CAS ’90 Mar y Lou Goodrich Sirianni, ’77 & Sarah Jane Van Ost e r om, ’51 Alle-Kiski Medical Center Catherine M. Patarlis, ’58 + Greg o r y J. Ros a t t i John Joseph Sirianni, HRP ’77; HRP ’83 Mar cia Nelson Vancini, ’67 Alzheimer ’s Association Amy Jo Patragas, ’94 Maria L. Rosporski, ’82, ’94 Linda May er Sis m o u r , ’73 Rob e r t Joseph Var ese, ’77 American Academy of Nur s i n g Rob e r ta Lash Patrizio, ’70, ’94 & Donna Smalski Rothman, ’79, ’98 + Eileen Ann Skalski, ’00 Elizabeth L. Var n e r , ’80 & American Diabetes Association Patsy Anthony Patrizio, CGS ’76 Dr. Nancy Lloyd Rothman, ’64 Regina Schneider Slide, ’73 Walter David Var n e r , D.M.D., DEN ’73 American Nurses Fou n d a t i o n Aur ora D. Patterson, ’00 Dr. Nancy Duffy Rubino, ’73, ’79 & Patricia Vollmer Slingwine, ’72 Eileen Boyle Vernon, ’73, ’87 & Ar thritis Fou n d a t i o n Marguerite Ursula Patton, ’83 Dennis Lee Rubino, CAS ’72; CAS ’72; Gladys C. Dill Sloane, ’45 Glenn Edw a r d Vernon, ENG ’75 Ar thritis Foundation National Offic e Scott E. Pearson, ’98 SOC WK ’75; GSPH ’85 + Thomas Paul Sloane, Jr., ’80 + Norma Jean Vidale, ’62 + Associated Medical Consultants Adele Kor owicki Per deus, ’75 + Mar g a r et M. Rudolph, ’96, ’96 + Ros e m a r y Slobodnyak, ’87 Mar y Lee Vil l a n i Association of Specialty Physicians, Inc . Kathleen Puchtler Perich, ’85, ’91 Ellen B. Rud y , Ph. D . Angeline Clyre Smeal, ’67, ’69 Th e r ese Cartier Vogel, ’76 As t r a Z eneca LP James David Pesci, CGS ’82 Alice Mar y Ryan, ’58 Angel Marie Smith, SOC WK ’98 Mar k A. Von Ste i n Becton Dickinson Fou n d a t i o n Marilyn K. Pesci, ’86 Sha r on Lucas Rydbom, ’74 David H. Smi t h Dar cy Koerbel Wae c h t e r , ’94 Ch i l d r en ’s Hospital of Pit t s b u r g h Charlotte R. Pet r a r co, ’65 & Shirley Pri z ent Sacks, ’57 & Elizabeth Ger fy Smith, ’54 Pamela L. Wagaman, ’76 + CIGNA Fou n d a t i o n William Donald Pet r a r co, PHA ’66 + Aa r on Sacks, CAS ’43; SOC WK ’46 Lynne Lytle Smith, ’88, ’91 John A. Wag n e r Dep a r tment Of Veterans Affairs Phyllis Bolman Pfahl, ’59 & Sta n n a r d James V. Sad va r i Marie Mar tinelli Smith, ’72 + Robin Smith Wag n e r , ’82 Ea t ’n Par k Hospitality Grou p , Inc . Bai r d Pfahl, Jr., M.D., MED ’59 Diane Conte Salipante, ’71 Joan Smi t h - W alleck, ’68; GSPH ’78 Elizabeth Ann Wahl, ’77 Emerson Electric Company Raymond Pfeifer Ronnie C. Sampson, ’68 Mara Grace Snell, ’99 Susan Wheeler Wal t e r , ’79 Emp l o yees of Program for Health Care Katherine West Phillips, ’89 Joanne Gore n fl o Samuels, ’57; GSPH ’64 Mar tha Beatty Soles, ’55 Joanne Shirley Walton, ’57 + Federal Home Loan Bank of Pit t s b u r g h Frick Hospital & Community Mar y Carol Phillips, ’96 Debbie Adams Sanders, ’79 She r r y Wonsidler Sonneborn, ’74 & Samuel Earle War d Health Sys t e m Maria Eugenia Piantanida, Ph.D., CAS Eleny Miller Santanna, ’77 Michael George Sonneborn, CAS ’75 Charlene G. War n e r , ’74 & Health & Community Systems Faculty ’67; FAS ’70; EDU ’82 + Jacqueline A. Yochum Saracco, ’75 Sandra Gri f fi ths Sonnessa, ’78 Randolph Rob e r t War n e r , CAS ’85 & Sta f f Joan Altree Piemme, ’60, ’65 Mar cia Lebec Sat r yan, ’82, ’94 & Dr. Mar k Soro k a Ca r ol Matocha Watson, ’77 I. J. Van Huffel Fou n d a t i o n Marjorie Youngblood Placek, ’74, ’80 Michael Alan Sat r yan, CAS ’80 Joanne Mangione Spe r r y, ’72 Jane Karen Way , ’59 International Headache Soc i e t y Nancy Contakos Plu m b , ’62, ’67 La u r en Marie Saul, ’73 Maria St. Joh n Dr. Terri Elizabeth Wea ve r , ’73 + Jefferson Health Se rv i c e s Nadine Habura Plu m m e r , ’62 & Colonel Patricia Hunter Sau l s b e r y, ’75 & Charlene Wandel Stanich, ’69, ’78 & Ch e r yl Ann Web b , Ph.D., ’81, ’88 Johnson & Joh n s o n Rob e r t Lee Plu m m e r , ENG ’67 Thomas Ber n a r d Sau l s b e r y, CAS ’75; Gar y M. Sta n i c h Elizabeth R. Wei l Lo ysen & Associates Gale B. Podobinski, CGS ’87 CAS ’75 + Madalyn Pugh Stanton, ’55 Val r e Walter Welch, ’69 Nancy Dominic Poinsett, ’83 Ros e m a r y Elak Saunders, ’73, ’79 Medical Center Of Bea v er PA Myra Musulin Stas, CGS ’94; PIA ’02 + Joy Ann Bindbeutel Wel t y , ’66 + Patricia Anne Pol i c a s t r o Christine Lowther Say r e, ’92 Olympus America Inc o r p o r a t e d Kristine E. Ste b l e r , SOC WK ’95 Lucille Valasek Wer thman, ’76, ’79 Donna Linhart Pomaybo, ’65 Mar cia Kramer Schachner, Ph.D., ’78; Oncology Nursing Fou n d a t i o n Lois Helen Ste i b e r , ’49 Beth Garber West, ’79 Mar g a r et S. Pommersheim, ’57 EDU ’84 & Stephen Paul Schachner, Pen n s y l v ania State Nurses Association Jeanne Louise Stelmak, ’96 Charles F. Wes t c o t t Haz el L. Pontious, ’50 Ph.D., EDU ’75 + Pfi zer , Inc o r p o r a t e d Lucy Elwood Ste t t e r , ’51 Thomas P. Wh e t z el, M.D. John M. Pop e Phyllis A. Schad, ’72 & Pha r M erica Friends Co-Work e r s Sheila Hughes Stew a r t, ’67 Christine L. White, ’65 + Diana Ellis Por tillo, ’60 Randolph Francis Schad, PHA ’71 PPG Industries Fou n d a t i o n Dr. Charles S. Sto n e Kathleen Daley White, ’75 Heidi Preisendanz, ’75 Patricia Ann Schalk, ’70 Rob e r t Morris Uni ve r s i t y Gloria Adamson Strang, ’73 Allison L. White, ’93 & Mar y Bennett Price, ’76 Dr. Elizabeth A. Schlenk Roc k w ell Intnl Corp Trus t Patricia S. Str a ye r , ’45 Thomas Patrick White IV, CAS ’93 Sally Sciabica Purnell, ’78 Barbara Ann Schneider, ’76 Sara Lee Fou n d a t i o n Sue Ann Str ohm, ’81 + Susan Marie Wh i t fi eld, ’83 Ka t h r yn Jane Pusateri, ’61 + Ca r ol Sue Pell Schnitzler, ’75 & Sewickley Valley Hos p i t a l Janet Elaine Stys, ’95 + Dr. Gayle Ruth Whitman, ’74 Sally Reed Pyle, ’63 Michael Ste v en Schnitzler, CAS ’74; Sigma Theta Tau Int e r n a t i o n a l Linda A. Sul l i v an, ’83 Ca r olyn M. Whittock, ’01 Patricia C. Quatrini, ’82 CAS ’74 Sigma Theta Tau International, Inc . Nancy Sul l i v an, ’70 Mil d r ed Lee Wicks, ’78 Patricia Burnside Qui g l e y , ’75, ’79 Emily Anderson Schock, ’49 & St. Clair Hos p i t a l La w r ence J. Sum a n s k y , ’82 Elaine Pieffer Wiehagen, ’78 & Ca r olyn Hays Raham, ’63 Ar thur C. Schock, ENG ’50 St. Clair Memorial Hos p i t a l Arlene Jones Sum n e r , ’65 David T. Wie h a g e n Lisa Buc c i a r elli Rajakovich, Mar cia Dale Schoeffel, ’86 Stat Sta f fi ng Medical Serv i c e s Donald Suze n s k i Margie Panko Wik e r , ’55 SOC WK ’79, ’83 Barbara A. Scholle, ’77 Tenet Hea l t h c a r e Fou n d a t i o n Ruth Mau r er Switch, ’47 Al b e r ta Lang Wildman, ’43 Vito Michael Ranieri, ’95, ’97 Eleanor B. Schron The Mer cy Hospital of Pit t s b u r g h Ter esina Synborski, ’79 Jill Pit z er Wil e y , ’77 Sha r on Foster Raquet, ’65 Barbara Spak Schultz, ’73 The Pfizer Foundation, Inc . Frances Hamilton Szafran, ’73 & Dr. Mar y Elizabeth Peterson Wilkins, ’83 + Frank H. Rassmann Jane Bossert Schwab, ’60 + Tyco Ele c t r onics Fou n d a t i o n Nancy Clare Razorsek, ’87 Bernice Seigal Scott, ’67 James Joseph Szafran, LAW ’72 Tracy S. Williams, ’88 Uni o n t o wn Hos p i t a l Barbara Pavuk Rec k e r , ’79 & Per r y Dav i d Jane E. Scott Joann Myers Szymecki, ’73 & Rose Mar y Gar dner Willkens, ’43 & United Way of Allegheny County Rec k e r , LIS ’86 Julianne Scott, EDU ’88 & Ber n a r d Herman Szymecki, ENG ’69 William H. R. Willkens, Ph.D., CAS UPMC Pres b yterian Hos p i t a l Connie J. Red i n g e r , ’00 Timothy Paul Scott, Ed.D., EDU ’90; Lisa Kay Tam r es, CAS ’83 ’42; EDU ’54; EDU ’58 UPMC Health Sys t e m Mar cia Palka Rees, ’78 & EDU ’01 Phyllis Speck Tarno, ’55 & M. Lee Tar n o , Joseph Win g r ove UPMC Lee Reg i o n a l Paul Zac h a r y Rees, D.M.D., DEN ’81 Janet M. Scullion, ’77 + Jr ., D.M.D., DEN ’56 Mar yann Benyak Wirginis, ’79 UPMC McKe e s p o r t Lynne Ann Reichenbaugh, ’85 Joy Thomas Sed e r , ’81 + Lynda Moeller Tasota, ’78 & Barbara Vol l e n h o ver Wise, ’75, ’02 UPMC Pas s a va n t Linda K. Reid, ’79, ’84 Catherine Christ Sedlak, ’72 Frederick James Tasota, CAS ’75, ’78, ’85 Lana Gianakos Wolfe, ’88 & UPMC Shadyside Hos p i t a l Cynthia Krieder Rei g h a r d, ’74 & Katherine Lynn See p e - D aniels, ’80 Ann C. Tay l o r , ’93 Rodney A. Wolfe, ENG ’86 UPMC St. Mar g a re t Kim Lawren Rei g h a r d, PHA ’76 + Ri c h a r d Joseph Seidl, ’88 Jennifer Lee Tay l o r Kristine Keefer Wol f f , ’93, ’00 & Ver i z on Fou n d a t i o n Philip L. Rei n h a r d, Jr. Barbara Holmes Seiple, ’64 Melaine Meisel Tay l o r , ’71 Michael W. Wol f f , KGSB ’02 + WP AHS-Allegheny General Hos p i t a l Mar y Mar g a r et Rel i c h - D udas, ’95 Sandra Ann Sell, ’88 Susan R. Ter l i n g o - Sa x on, ’83 Marian Schmitt Wol f o r d, D.M.D., ’85; WP AHS-Canonsburg General Hos p i t a l WPA H S - F orbes Regional Hos p i t a l Patricia Ann Rettig, ’79 Bernadette Schmitt Semenick, ’82 & Barbara Gress Thomas, ’75 DEN ’89 + WPA H S - S uburban General Hos p i t a l Barbara Davidson Reuning, ’81, ’89 Ri c h a r d Charles Semenick, ENG ’82 Deborah Sor ce Thomas, ’75 Norma Lou Wood, ’49 WP AHS-The Western Pen n s y l va n i a Barbara Ann Rice, ’73 Diane Marie Sem p re v i v o, ’77 Marion R. Thomas, ’56 Joanne Patterson Woo d ru f f , ’86 Hos p i t a l Lois Gay Richards, ’58 Constance Ann Set t l e m ye r , Ph.D., ’66, Th e r esa Robles Thorpe, ’99 Molly Alexander Wulkan, ’52 Barbara Ryan Ride, ’48 & Frederick G. ’70; EDU ’73 + Mar g a r et S. Tie r n e y , ’80 Irene Mar g a r et Yakulis, Ph.D., ’69, ’70; Ride, D.D.S., DEN ’43; CAS ’43 Sandra L. Shanahan, ’68; PIA ’85 Susan Ryabik Tremont, ’77 & EDU ’82 Mar g a r et G. Rieck Joyce Falsetti Sha n t y , ’83 Timothy James Tremont, D.M.D., Candace Darlene Yanek, ’73 + Ka r en L. Riley, ’72 & Th e o d o r e J. Riley, Gail Bar efoot Sha u g h n e s s y , ’72 CAS ’75; DEN ’78 Amy Vehar Yarnot, ’00 + GS P H ’91 Joan Campbell Shawgo, ’62 & Jean Deg e n h a r dt Tres t e r , ’72 William John Yost, CAS ’89 Tracy Aileen Riley, Ph.D., ’99 John G. Sha w g o Joan A. Trou t Ca r oline Price Young, ’70 + Evelyn Rogus Rippin, ’71; EDU ’74 & Denyse Lina She a re r , ’90 Edn a - J ane Truax, ’60 Anne M. Zapletal, ’74 Donald R. Rippin, ENG ’50; ENG ’57 Melissa Zock Shene, BRD ’95, ’96, ’02 + Victoria Novak Trum b o r e, ’50 & Michelle Ann Zelinka, ’86, ’92 Mar g a r et Mihalik Robinson, ’47 Mar tha Jackson Shi l e y , ’64, ’74 + For r est A. Trum b o r e, Ph.D., FAS ’50 Phyllis Dunkle Ziants, ’47 Lisa H. Robinson, ’83 & Nick Sho f f Pamela Kepic Trun z o, ’77 Alice Gan t z er Zich, ’67 Thomas Richard Robinson, Jr., ENG ’82 Judith Ann Sho vel, ’80 Ronald L. Tuc h o l s k i Ri c h a r d G. Zie g l e r , ’93 Sha r on Hunter Roc k s t r oh, ’75 Susan Yarnick Sh re y, ’72 Ka r en Pasternak Tur n e r , ’80 Ronald C. Zim m e r Mar y Grace Feeney Rodgers, ’84; EDU ’85 Luann Smith Shutt, ’77, ’81 Madalyn Tur n e r - D ickerson, Ed.D., CAS Lynn Zinaich, ’79 Mar y Spr och Rod k e y , ’67 + Nancy McC l o y Sil a y , ’74 & Ken n e t h ’70; EDU ’75; PIA ’85; EDU ’97 + Kathleen M. Zol d o s Patricia J. Rod r i g u e z, ’62 + George Sil a y , ENG ’73; ENG ’81 Wendy Weyant Tus a y , ’88 Mar y Diehl Zook, ’59 Adelyn Materna Rogalla, ’65, ’84 & Georgiana Louise Simchick, BRD ’94, ’95 Sara Wor kman Tyl e r , ’72 Mar y Ellen Zurc h e r , ’47 Al b e r t H. Rogalla, ENG ’64 Lynn Marie Simko, GSPH ’82, ’90 Amy Adelmann Uhler, ’83 Joyce Yockobishen Zuzack, ’81

P I T T N U R S E SUMMER 2003 3 9 REMEMBER WHEN

Can you identify the year and the faces for this photo?

IF SO, CONTACT JOAN NOCK AT 412-624-2404 OR [email protected]. WE WILL PUBLISH YOUR ANSWER IN THE NEXT ISSUE OF PITT NURSE. Want to share your memories with fel l ow alums? Just send us your favo r i t e photo of yes ter y ear, and we’ll run it in an upcoming issue. Submit your pics to: Pitt Nurse, Univer sity of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, 218 Victoria Building, 3500 Victoria Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261. All pictures will be ret u r n e d .

REMEMBER WHEN PHOTO G R A P H Calls from Sandra Schafer ’76, ’82, and Dr. Luevonue Lincoln ’78, ’82, identified the photograph in the Winter 2003 issue as the 20th reunion gathering of the Class of 1976. Standing in the back row, Sandra is second from the right and Dr. Janice Holmes is sixth from the right. Could that be Joan Such Lockhart standing third from the right? Andrea Sloan is seated second from left in the first row. Thanks to everyone who recognized this group of student nurses.

4 0 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH NURSING ALUMNI SOCIETY EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE What’s Happening?

2002-2003 OFFICERS Please send us information about your career advancements, papers presented, honors P R E S I D E N T received, appointments, and further education. We’ll include your news in the Alumni Gloria Pelc Gotaskie ’77, ’94 Notes section as space allows. Indicate names, dates, and locations. Photos are welcome!

S E C R E TA R Y Please print clearly. Fran Eskra ’86

B AC CA L A U R E ATE REPRESENTAT I V E N A M E : Pam Cupec ’84 DEGREE AND YEAR OF GRADUAT I O N : Tricia Kenney Roesch ’99 HOME ADDRESS: IS THIS A NEW HOME ADDRESS? ● Y E S ● N O P O S T - B AC CA L A U R E ATE REPRESENTAT I V E S Joan P. Byers ’87 Evelyn Ramming ’59

E X - O F F I C I O Jacqueline Dunbar-Jacob

PA S T - P R E S I D E N T HOME TELEPHONE:

Joan Godich ’97 B U S I N E SS ADDRESS : IS THIS A NEW BUSINESS ADDRESS? ● Y E S ● N O

PITT NURSE

A SS O C I ATE DEAN, DEVELOPMENT, A LUMNI AFFAIRS, AND STUDENT SERVICES Susan A. Albrecht, ’75, ’78, ’81 B U S I N E SS TELEPHONE:

A SS O C I ATE DIRECTOR OF ALUMNI RELAT I O N S E-MAIL ADDRESS : Joan F. Nock P O S I T I O N ( S ) : D I R E CTOR OF DEVELO P M E N T N E W S : Mary Rodgers Schubert

D I R E CTOR OF PUBLIC RELAT I O N S Mark Soroka

SPECIAL EVENTS COORDINATO R Jennifer M. Whitehurst

I N T E R N S Emily Alison McBee Stephanie Wentworth

D E S I G N Wall-to-Wall Studios, Inc.

P R I N C I PAL PHOTO G R A P H Y Joe Kapelewski Mark Soroka

The University of Pittsburgh, as an educational institution and as an employer, values COMPLETE AND RETURN TO : equality of opportunity, human dignity, and racial/ethnic and cultural diversity. Pitt Nurse Accordingly, the University prohibits and will not engage in discrimination or haras s- ment on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, ancestry, sex, age, marital Joan F. Nock status, familial status, sexual orientation, disability, or status as a disabled veteran or Associate Director of Alumni Relations a veteran of the Vietnam era. Further, the University will continue to take affirmative University of Pittsburgh steps to support and advance these values consistent with the University’s mission. This policy applies to admissions, employment, acces s to, and treatment in Univers i t y School of Nursing pro g r ams and activities. This is a commitment made by the Univer sity and is in accor - 218 Victoria Building da n c e with fed e r al, stat e, and/or loc al laws and regulations. For information on Un i ve r sity equal opportunity and affirmative action prog r ams and com p l i a n t / g r i e van c e 3500 Victoria Street pro ce d u r es, please con t act: William A. Savage, Assi s tant to the Ch a n ce l l or and Pittsburgh, PA 15261 Di re c t or of Affirmative Action (and Title IX and 504, ADA Coordi n a t or), Office of E-mail: [email protected] Af f i r m a t i v e Action, 901 William Pitt Union, Univer sity of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, (412) 648-7860. AN IMPORTANT TOOL USED IN NURSING RESEARCH IS A 96-WELL SAMPLE P L ATE. EACH WELL CONTAINS A SEPA R ATE SAMPLE. IN THIS PICTURE, THE TIP OF THE PIPETTE IS DELIVERING A SAMPLE INTO ONE OF THE WELLS.

UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH NONPROFIT ORG. SCHOOL OF NURSING U.S. POSTAG E FPO    Victoria Str eet, Room   PA I D PITTSBURGH PA Pittsburgh, Pen n s y l v ania     PERMIT NO. 511

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