President’s Page

Here I am, flying back to Oklahoma City after at- tending the 1-day Summer Executive Committee (ExComm) Meeting at AsMA Headquarters in Alexandria, VA. I just heard the announcement from the flight deck that due to security regulations, for the next 30 minutes of flight all passengers cannot leave our seats. I will remember it this time, because during my previous flight departing Washington, DC, I forgot the warning and left my seat in a hurry to go to the lavatory 28 minutes after take off. Next thing that I re- member is attempting to sit down on the toilet and hearing loud banging on the door and somebody yelling at me to open the door and get back to my seat immediately. I pulled up my pants in record time, Melchor J. Antuñano, M.D., M.S. opened the door, and while apologizing to the flight at- tendant for my transgression I noticed the many pas- sengers who were looking at me in disbelief (at least it a. AsMA Vice-Presidents' Roles and was not a Federal Air Marshall waiting for me outside Responsibilities: David Schroeder, Ph.D. (AsMA Past- the lavatory). Two minutes later the flight attendant President) submitted a proposal defining the specific came back to my seat to tell me that I could now use roles and responsibilities for the Vice-Presidents and the lavatory. However, I did not feel the need to go to identifying guidelines for their selection. This proposal the lavatory for remaining duration of the flight. This will be revised by the ExComm and the final draft will experience makes me wonder what triggers a Federal be presented to AsMA Council. Air Marshall's involvement in an in-flight incident con- b. AsMA Membership Initiatives: Gen. George sidering the broad spectrum of possible passenger be- Peach Taylor (Vice-President for Member Services) and haviors that range from well behaved passengers Andy Bellenkes, Ph.D. (Vice-President for International distracted passengers who accidentally break the rules Activities) presented several initiatives developed in disruptive passengers terrorists. By the way, conjunction with the Membership Committee and the did you know that U.S. Senator Kennedy has been International Activities Committee to promote the stopped several times by airport security personnel be- growth of our membership. The proposed initiatives cause his name was placed in the TSA list of potential target the retention of active members, the re-activation terrorism suspects? If this happens to a well known of former members, and the recruitment of new mem- person like him, what can be expected to happen to or- bers. The ExComm approved a proposal to continue dinary citizens like me who have a foreign name? I do providing a free copy of the "Clinical Aviation not know the answer, but this is a sign of the times we Medicine" book as an incentive to become a new AsMA live in today; the threat of terrorism has led to the im- member. plementation of very conservative and inflexible secu- c. AsMA Formal Mentorship Program: Richard rity rules that must be obeyed by all! Jennings, M.D. (Vice-President for Education and Research) is leading the development and implementa- I am very pleased to inform you that our Summer tion of a formal mentorship program in conjunction ExComm meeting was very productive. The leadership with the AsMA Fellows Group, the Aerospace of our Association continues to be highly energetic, mo- Medicine Student Resident Organization (AMSRO), tivated, and dedicated to improving the quality of all and the Education and Training Committee. A revised programs and services that fulfill the needs of our draft of the proposed program was discussed and with membership and that support the advocacy and ad- some modifications will be presented to AsMA vancement of our professional disciplines. Some of the Council. most significant issues addressed during this meeting d. AsMA Student/Resident Scholarship: Dr. involved: Jennings is leading an ExComm initiative in conjunc- 1. Implementation of the AsMA Strategic Plan: tion with AMSRO to develop the nomination and eval- Performance targets have been identified under each uation criteria for AsMA/AMSRO Scholarship appli- strategic goal and objective to enable the implementa- cants. This includes standardizing the nomination tion of the plan. Our intention is to complete the revi- forms. sion of these performance targets and present the final e. AsMA Sponsorship and Co-Sponsorship of implementation plan to AsMA Council in November External Scientific Events: Dr. Jennings is leading an- 2004. Some of the highlights of the plan discussed dur- other ExComm initiative to develop guidelines for fu ing our ExComm meeting include: See PRESIDENT’S PAGE, p. 922.

Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine • Vol. 75, No. 10 • October 2004 921 PRESIDENT’S PAGE, from p. 921. approved a proposal to post in the AsMA website all ture sponsorship and co-sponsorship of scientific annual reports submitted by AsMA committees as well events in aerospace medicine and related disciplines as constituent and affiliate organizations. This action conducted by non-AsMA organizations. will allow all AsMA members to have easy access to f. AsMA Website: User-Centered Design, Inc. the information contained in these documents. provided an update on the current status of the re-de- 5. Associate Fellows Nominees: ExComm reviewed sign of the AsMA Website. ExComm emphasized the and approved the list of 40 candidates for AsMA importance of having a fully functional prototype of Associate Fellowship Status. our new website ready for demonstration during the 6. Implementation of the Marie Marvingt Award: AsMA Council meeting in November, 2004. ExComm approved a revised description of the nomi- g. AsMA Financial Policies and Procedures nation criteria for the Marie Marvingt Award. Guidelines: President-Elect Mike Bagshaw, M.D., and AsMA Executive Director Russell Rayman, M.D., are I take this opportunity to share with you the great leading an ExComm initiative with the support of the news that our colleague and AsMA Fellow William E. Finance Committee to improve/optimize AsMA's fi- Collins, Ph.D., has been selected for induction into the nancial management through the development and Oklahoma Aviation Hall of Fame at their annual din- implementation of financial policies and procedures ner and awards ceremony on September 25, 2004. I am guidelines. Our Association needs these guidelines to extremely happy that such a prestigious recognition assist ExComm and Council in making decisions about will be granted to a highly deserving and humble indi- AsMA investments and expenditures. These guidelines vidual such as Dr. Collins. I consider myself very lucky will help us develop an investment plan with clear and for having had the opportunity to work for him. I am objective financial goals (near-term, mid-term and particularly grateful for his personal interest in men- long-term) that support the current and future needs toring me to become a better professional, team mem- of our non-profit organization. ber, colleague, and a leader. His personal style and 2. 2009 AsMA Meeting Site Selection: Individual teachings never cease to surprise me; this time he has membership fees and the annual scientific meetings decided that I should be the official presenter at his in- represent the most important sources of income for our duction ceremony. This is a very distinct honor for me, Association, and they have a significant impact on our considering that he could have selected anybody that present and future financial health. Therefore, in order he wished to be the presenter from a long list of VIPs. to promote the highest attendance at our annual meet- Actions such as this tell you the type of person that he ings it is very important to select meeting sites that are is, and I hope that I will be able to continue learning easily accessible (via air transportation) by all atten- from him for many years to come. dees (national and international), offer reasonably priced hotel accommodations for our members and In other news, following the record-setting subor- their families, and offer attractive and convenient op- bital flight by civilian astronaut Mike Melvill onboard portunities for extra-curricular activities and tourism. SpaceShipOne (the first private reusable launch vehi- Based on all of these considerations, several potential cle), Burt Rutan announced their plans to launch again sites were discussed during the ExComm meeting and in September in an attempt to win the 10 million dollar a decision was made to select the City of Los Angeles, Anzari X Price. Meanwhile, another contender for the California, for our 2009 scientific meeting. However, X Prize experienced a catastrophic failure during the we must not forget that it is equally important to put flight testing of their prototype vehicle. Armadillo together a high quality scientific program that offers Aerospace's unpiloted vehicle ran out of fuel at an alti- original presentations covering a broad scope of topics, tude of 600 ft and crashed. The U.S. Senate is expected which reflect the professional diversity and interests of to vote this month (September) on the Commercial our membership. Space Launch Amendments Act of 2004 (H.R. 3752) 3. AsMA Re-certification by the Accreditation that lays out the definition of a suborbital space pas- Council for Continuing Medical Education senger vehicle, solidifies the process for licensing such (ACCME): Russell Rayman, M.D. (AsMA Executive vehicles, and allows paying passengers to fly into Director) and a member of the Education and Training space at their own risk. The intent of this Act is to pro- Committee will meet with an ACCME team to discuss mote the implementation of a viable commercial space AsMA's application for re-certification to continue pro- tourism industry in the U.S. For those of us who have viding continuing medical education credits. Our cur- had the fortune to be involved (directly or indirectly) rent ACCME certification expires this year unless it is in the early development of this industry, the chal- renewed. lenges and opportunities have been very rewarding. 4. Annual reports by AsMA Committees, We will continue to follow with great interest the Constituent and Affiliate Organizations: ExComm achievements of these commercial space pioneers.

922 Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine • Vol.75, No. 10 • October 2004 Medical News

Arthur is First Flight Surgeon to Become Executive Surgeon General of the Navy Director’s by Pamela Day search in mixed gas saturation diving and cold Column I was privileged and honored to be present weather medicine. He served 2 years in the at the Change of Officer ceremony August 3, Philippines as both a Flight Surgeon and 2004, where RADM (now Vice Admiral) Diving Medical Officer, followed by duty as Donald C. Arthur assumed the office of Senior Medical officer on the USS Kitty Hawk. Surgeon General of the Navy. Arthur, an He completed his residency in emergency AsMA Past President, is the first flight sur- medicine and served as Head of Emergency geon/aerospace medicine specialist to achieve Medicine at Naval Hospital San Diego. At the Rayman this honored post. Naval Aerospace Medical Institute, he was As the Guest Speaker, Admiral Vern Clark, Head of the Special Products Division. KANSAS CITY 2005 USN, Chief of Naval Operations, quoted, Following deployment to Southwest Asia with The AsMA team has just returned from "Ceremony reminds us of who we are as a the Marine Corps Second Medical Battalion our site visit to Kansas City in order to begin people." This ceremony reminded me of how during Desert Shield/Storm, he served as the planning for our 76th Annual Scientific proud I am to be an American and part of the Director of Medical Programs for the U.S. Meeting scheduled for May 8 - 12, 2005. We aerospace community. Marine Corps at Marine Corps Headquarters, were extremely pleased and excited by what Washington, DC. we saw. The hotel personnel with whom we VADM Donald C. Arthur, MC, USN He then served as Deputy Commander met were extremely responsive and enthusias- (biography courtesy of Dept. of Navy) (Chief Operating Officer) of Naval Medical tic and very much look forward to our meet- Center, San Diego, and subsequently, as ing next May. VADM Donald C. Arthur, MC, USN, most Commanding Officer (Chief Executive Officer) The meeting will be co-headquartered in recently served as Commander (Chief of Naval Hospital Camp Lejeune, NC. In 1998, two hotels: The Westin and Hyatt, both of Executive Officer) of the National Naval VADM Arthur returned to Washington, DC, to which are approximately ¾ of a mile from the Medical Center in Bethesda, MD, and Chief of serve as Assistant Chief for Health Care downtown area. Both hotels are modern and the Navy Medical Corps. He was promoted to Operations, Navy Bureau of Medicine and spacious with very large open lobbies, mak- Vice Admiral on August 23, 2004. Surgery. Prior to assuming command of the ing it very easy to congregate. Their meeting VADM Arthur, a native of Northampton, National Naval Medical Center, he held the rooms and the exhibit area will easily accom- MA, entered naval service in 1974 and holds a positions of Deputy Surgeon General, Vice modate our requirements. The two hotels are Doctor of Medicine degree, a Ph.D. in Health Chief of the Navy's Bureau of Medicine and connected by a covered walkway called "the Care Management, and a degree in law (J.D.). Surgery, and Chief of the Navy Medical Corps. link." This link not only connects the two ho- After a surgical internship he completed Navy VADM Arthur is board certified in tels, but also a three-level shopping center and operational curricula in Flight Surgery and Emergency and Preventive Medicine Union Station. I was surprised to learn that Undersea Medicine. His additional operational (Aerospace) and is a Certified Healthcare this Station, which has been refurbished and qualifications include Surface Warfare Medical Executive. He is a Fellow in the American is open to tourists, is the second largest in the Department Officer, Saturation Diving Medical College of Healthcare Executives and received world, just behind New York City's Grand Officer, Hyperbaric (Recompression) Facility their 2002 Federal Excellence in Healthcare Central Station. Next door to the two hotels is Operator, Radiation Health Officer, Navy- Leadership Award; a Fellow and Past a very impressive monument and museum Marine Corps Parachutist and Jumpmaster, President of the AsMA; and member of the dedicated to World War I. It is my under- and he is qualified in submarines. Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society. standing that this is the only World War I VADM Arthur's naval service includes re- He also received the AMSUS Outstanding commemorative monument in the country. Federal Healthcare Executive Award in 2002. The tower that dominates the monument re- He has been awarded four Legions of minded me very much of the one at Verdun. Merit, three Meritorious Service Medals, three In the immediate area there is an abun- Navy Commendation Medals, and a Navy dance of shops as well as a number of excel- Achievement Medal, in addition to unit, ser- lent restaurants. A 5-minute cab ride will take vice, and campaign awards. you to another Kansas City attraction, the Plaza, which affords visitors more shops, There have been 18 U.S. Air Force Surgeons restaurants, and outdoor cafes. Kansas City is General since 1949. All were flight surgeons and well known for its steaks and barbeque, all have been members of AsMA, but not necessar- claiming to have the number 1 best quality in ily while they were Surgeon General. Now we can the U.S. And, of course, Kansas City is the proudly claim to have two forces represented at home of American jazz so, if that is your kind once. Lt. Gen. Peach Taylor is currently Air Force of music, you will have no problem finding it Surgeon General and an AsMA Vice President. in various entertainment establishments. There are also many theaters with an excellent selection of shows onstage. And don't forget those Kansas City Royals baseball team. Remember! There are a number of extremely interest- Council Meetings are open to all ing museums in Kansas City including the Airline History Museum, Arabia Steamboat members of the AsMA. Your Museum (this received accolades on the input and attendance are always History Channel), Negro Leagues Baseball NAVY SURGON GENERAL---VADM Donald welcome. Our next meeting will Museum, art museums, and museums regard- C. Arthur accepts the post as Surgeon General be on November 17, 2004 in ing the American West. Also nearby is the fa- of the Navy. The “muddy boots” in the fore- mous Truman Museum and Library. ground are a symbol of the Navy commitment Alexandria, VA. to Force Health Protection. See KANSAS CITY, p. 924.

Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine • Vol. 75, No.10 • October 2004 923 KANSAS CITY, from p. 923. observations and considerations the author the 3-bar VASI, PAPI, and 2-bar VASI, in that For most of us on the team, this was our concludes that radio noise causes occupational order; but differences between the T-VASIS, 3- first trip to Kansas City and we were pleas- deafness, and also that the noise of the air- bar VASI, and PAPI were not statistically sig- antly surprised by how much there is to do plane is an important factor, which may in- nificant. Approaches flown without the and see there. This, in combination with out- crease the deafness of flight radio operators" ground-based glidepath indicators tended to standing hotel facilities, ensures another very (6). be low and extremely variable. Observing be- successful meeting. Man and the flight environment (U. S. Naval havior was compared in approaches with the As is our custom, information regarding School of Aviation Medicine, Naval Air Station, T-VASIS and 2-bar VASI. Observing response the Scientific Program, including more tourist Pensacola, FL): "Factors which either limit flight frequency increased as distance from runway information, is available on our web site today or are likely to limit it tomorrow should threshold decreased and was significantly (www.asma.org) and you will receive a be given the highest priority in our research higher with the T-VASIS. Differences in perfor- brochure and letter from me in January with program. Man has relatively little margin for mance with different indicators were attributed further particulars. I look forward to seeing physiological adaptation to certain stresses en- to the rate of information change provided by a everyone next year in Middle America-- countered in flight. Hope lies in man's ingenu- given system and to the rate of observing the Kansas City, Missouri. ity and in his ability to master highly complex indicator during approaches" (1). tasks… The question must now be asked, who Comparison of aircrew exposure garments will monitor a program centering on this re- (Aeronautical Research Laboratories, Fishermens Sport Pilot Rule ciprocal fitness between pilot and environ- Bend and Institute of Aviation Medicine, Royal ment? The requirement here is severe and ne- Australian Air Force): "Laboratory and sea trials On July 21, 2004, the FAA posted a final cessitates constant evaluation in terms of the were used to compare the effectiveness of three Rule on Certification of Aircraft and Airmen ultimate goal - 'success in flight.' Anything less aircrew exposure garments - the British Mark for the Operation of Light Sport Aircraft. inclusive will fail to embrace all those persons 10, the United States CWU 21/P, and the The new Rule states that "persons may not with different disciplinary backgrounds so Canadian U.VIC. Thermofloat jacket. The first use a current and valid U.S. Driver's License necessary for the accomplishment of the work two are waterproof coveralls, whereas the third as evidence of medical qualification if to be done. Is the integrative force back [sic] of is a neoprene-lined jacket designed on the basis his/her most recent application for an air- our concept of aviation in keeping with this re- of the 'wet suit' concept. Rectal and skin tem- man medical certification has been denied sponsibility? Success in a task is not a goal peratures, electrocardiograms and other vari- based on being found not eligible for the is- which is in line with the loftiest medical tradi- ables were measured while subjects, wearing suance of at least a 3rd Class Airman tion. The flight surgeon's responsibility for the the suits, were immersed in water at tempera- Certificate, his or her most recently issued health of the individual is taken for granted, tures of 70ºC and 10.5ºC. The three garments airman medical certificate has been sus- but, important as it is, it leaves out some of the were found to be similar in the degree of ther- pended or revoked, or his or her recent au- most important relations between man and mal protection provided, but the Thermofloat thorization has been withdrawn. Further, aviation" (2). jacket appeared superior in other ways and has that person must not know or have reason to Importance of clinical aviation medicine (Office the greater potential for development. A previ- know of any medical condition that would of the Surgeon General, USAF): "The initial, or ously unreported observation was a marked make him or her unable to operate a light critical, indication of the presence of disease reduction in core cooling rate after the expected sport aircraft in a safe manner." The Rule may be a failure of performance of aeronauti- linear fall in core temperature. This has possi- does allow a recreational pilot who does not cal duty. Such a patient may not have pre- ble implications in the conduct of research in have an Airman Medical Certificate to exer- sented himself to the Flight Surgeon at all, and this field" (3) cise sport pilot privileges with a valid indeed may have no symptoms or may be un- Ear and sinus pathology and the chamber (Naval driver's license. aware of them. Aerospace Medical Institute and University of As a reminder, sport flying includes the fol- It is not the intention of this paper to deal Texas School of Public Health): "Forty aviators lowing categories: a) airplane, single engine with the neurotic and psychosomatic patients with otorhinolaryngologic pathology, previ- only; b) glider; c) lighter than air balloon and whose inadequacies are usually manifested by ously considered physically disqualified for airship; d) rotor craft; e) power parachute; f) poor performance. These men are complainers, flight status, were tested in the hypobaric weight-shift control (trikes). but are rarely aircrew personnel. It is the un- chamber to evaluate tolerance to rapid baro- When the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking complaining sick aviator who compromises metric pressure changes. Testing consisted of (NPRM) was published in 2002, AsMA re- flying safety. The clue to this man's illness is three sequential trials in the low-pressure sponded with a recommendation that sport pi- often to be found on the flightline or in the chamber (LPC) at rates of 1,524 m/min ascent lots in single engine aircraft hold a valid FAA air… Such experiences as those demonstrate and descent. The first trial was to 1,524 m, the Medical Class 3 Certificate and that a valid clearly that aviation medicine cannot be prac- second to 3,048 m, and the third to 5,486 m. driver's license be accepted for the other cate- ticed in an office. Of recent years, in the mili- Failure consisted of any symptoms (pain) or gories for sport flying. We supported this by tary services, so much routine examination had physical findings of barotraumas (aerosinusitis reminding the FAA that general aviation been imposed on the practitioners of aviation or aero-otitis media). Results revealed a 22.5% claims the vast majority of aircraft accidents medicine that the proper practice of the spe- failure rate. The findings indicate this type of and incidents. Nevertheless, the new Rule was cialty has been impaired… Now that we have 'Medical Barofunction Test' is a practical ad- published as above based upon comments re- all been stimulated by the establishment of a junct to the clinical evaluation of the aviator. ceived from a multitude of organizations and Board of Aviation Medicine, we must make an The profile is safe and free from serious dys- groups in response to the NPRM. effort to close the gap between research and baric episodes experienced above 7,620 m. patient. Our journals and conventions have Follow-up studies revealed the incidence of been replete with reports of research and new false negatives to be only 8% by the LPC test. understanding but deficient in clinical reports The findings are not significantly different This Month in Aerospace of the Flight Surgeon's experience with his pa- from the medical disqualification rate of a nor- Medicine History-- tients… [T]he practice of aviation medicine mal student aviator comparison group" (5). October 2004 cannot be conducted entirely in an office but it must be conducted in operations, in the train- REFERENCES By Walter Dalitsch III, M.D., M.P.H. ing facilities, on the flightline and in the air" (4). 1. Emery JC, Furry DE, Sack EJ, Kapadia AS, Smolensky MH. Medical barofunction Fifty Years Ago Twenty-five Years Ago testing of aviators with otorhinolaryngologic Hearing loss in radio pilots (Brazilian Air Force Comparison of glidepath indicator systems (Civil disease. Aviat Space Environ Med 1979; Medical Corps): "The author presents a work Aeromedical Institute, Oklahoma City, OK): "Two 50(10):1062--6. concerning audiometric observations made of simulator experiments were conducted to 2. Graybiel A. The concept of aviation a group of radio operators with more than five quantify the effectiveness, in terms of pilot per- medicine. J Aviat Med 1954; 25(5):504--14. years of service and more than 5,000 hours of formance, of four different visual glidepath in- 3. Lewis MF, Mertens HW. Pilot perfor- flight time, and another group with less than dicator systems (the 2-bar VASI, 3-bar VASI, T- mance during simulated approaches and land- five years of service and less than 5,000 hours VASIS, and PAPI) in the severely reduced ings made with various computer-generated of flight time… [He also compares] another nighttime visual environment often referred to visual glidepath indicators. Aviat Space group of candidates for radio operators and a as the 'black hole.' Performance in Experiment I Environ Med 1979; 50(10):991--1002. group of commercial pilots… As a result of his was best with the T-VASIS and decreased with See HISTORY, p. 925.

924 Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine • Vol. 75, No. 10 • October 2004 HISTORY, from p. 924. than how they were spelled; and it was known mation about threats and commands because 4. Monteiro AR. Occupational deafness of as sonography. In the early 1800s, Louis Braille miscommunication can leave them vulnerable flight radio operators. J Aviat Med 1954; further developed the method of touch read- to attack and a wrong response can be deadly. 25(5):476--84. ing and writing based upon normal spelling For example, in covert or urban operations 5. Webb H. Failure of aeronautical perfor- into the Braille system as we know it today. warfare, soldiers may inadvertently reveal mance as the presenting symptom of disease. J The general concept and specific benefits of their positions if communication based on Aviat Med 1954; 25(5):541--2, 560. the Braille system remain relatively unchanged hand signals becomes ambiguous in reduced 6. White GR, Roth NJ. Cold water survival. and unchallenged, but have been comple- light or environments with high visual clutter. Aviat Space Environ Med 1979; 50(10):1040--5. mented by the increase of speed and automa- Other proposed applications have been ex- tion through available electronics and comput- tended to maintaining orientation for vestibu- ing power. For example, a tactile lar patients or the elderly, for astronauts dur- vision-substitution system (1) was designed to ing extravehicular activities, or for divers present optical patterns to the skin of the back. during undersea explorations. It can be also of An optical to tactile converter called Optacon benefit during critical phases in acquiring was developed to present patterns obtained flight information with future UAV (un- Science & from text registered by a camera directly to the manned aerial vehicle) systems. fingertip (2). It serves as a reading machine Most of the previous tactile-actuator re- Technology that provides vibrotactile spatial temporal pat- search employed simple pager motors consist- terns of alphabet letter shapes. ing of an eccentric weight attached to a small Watch Similarly, numerous forms of prosthetic de- electric motor. There remains much to explore vices using the skin as an alternative sensing in terms of other suitable tactor schemes. A system have also been developed for the deaf. number of emerging technologies in the field In 1927, Gault (9) developed a teletactor, a de- of functional materials have spurred the devel- vice that presented patterns to the fingers of opment of miniaturized high output actuators the deaf. Single and multipoint tactile aids de- for aerospace applications. These actuators fea- signed to present analogues of the acoustic ture low weight, small volume, and large force waveform in a one-dimensional array to the or displacement output with digital control The Resurgence of Tactile volar forearm were developed (4, 8). Both the characteristics. While the concept of using Display Technologies linear electrocutaneous belt (16) and the two- functional materials in a tactile micro-actuator dimensional multipoint electrotactile speech appears straightforward, research is required Bob Cheung, Ph.D., DRDC Toronto, Canada aid (18) displayed similar electrocutaneous to develop the design tools that will optimize patterns to the abdomen. Craig and Sherrick the relationship between the actuator material Based on the electrophysiological, histolog- (7) developed dynamic arrays for tactile pat- and the deformed surface to obtain a micro- ical, and behavioral evidence available from tern presentation. Deaf students also learned tactor that can effectively stimulate the human birds, opossums, rats, deer mice, rabbits, cats, to feel the vibrations of the pulsations of a bal- sensory system. In addition, the types of tactile and humans, Gottlieb (10) concluded that the loon or face and throat which led to the devel- stimuli studied have been generally limited to ontogenetic sequence in which sensory sys- opment of vibrotactile aids (tactaid 7) that em- brief pressure pulses or "touches" perpendicu- tems develop is tactile-vestibular-auditory-vi- ploy a linear array of tactors presenting lar to the skin surface. Research on the effec- sual. Available behavioral evidence has sug- vibration on the chest and the nape of the neck tiveness of longitudinal touches parallel to the gested that human fetus tactile sensitivity is (14,19). skin surface that can provide intensity and di- evident around the seventh week after fertil- There have also been many attempts to im- rection simultaneously is lacking. In conjunc- ization. The skin is the human body's largest prove navigational ability when vision is un- tion with tactor development, the type of organ; it covers an area of 1.8 m2 when spread available. The oldest and most successful de- coded message that can readily be perceived out in an average adult. There are several cuta- vice is the long cane used by the blind. In this through the sensation of touch and whose neous end organs in the skin that are responsi- case, tactile cueing can provide a natural corre- meanings are intuitive or at least intelligible ble for transducing tactile stimuli into neural lation between the distal environment event within their context need to be investigated. signals. Merkel's disc, Ruffini's endings, and and the proximal cue that is felt. In 1989, Although substantial advances have been Meissner's corpuscles (named after their re- Rupert et al. suggested that a tactile interface made in recent years, not enough is known spective discoverers) found in the upper re- could be used as a "more natural" approach to about the psychophysiological characteristics gions of the dermis have all been implicated in convey position and motion perception during of skin. In order to design an efficient device the senses of touch. Individual nerve fibers flight. Since the tactile orientation cues have a for tactile communication, quantitative esti- forming a single nerve trunk at each vertebral well-defined midbrain architecture, fast robust mates of information transfer such as the rate level before entering the spinal cord carry all responses, and minimal demand on cognition, of transfer available via the skin must be deter- the information from the skin. The skin has the touch sensation is an ideal candidate to mined. about 1.1 million axons terminating in the cen- provide continuous, intuitive veridical (truth- Compared with the volume of research on tral nervous system, providing continuous ful) orientation information. The tactile situa- the visual, auditory and vestibular systems, re- feedback to the brain. A systematic topo- tion awareness system (TSAS) has been used search on cutaneous mechanoreception has graphic projection from the skin of different re- successfully to present flight information in been relatively limited. The majority of the gions of the body has been mapped. The pat- fixed and rotary winged aircraft (12,13,15). The work done with touch found that localization tern of representation is commonly known as system reads data from current aircraft sys- of the sensory cue appeared to be better when the homunculus, a figure in which areas of the tems, processes them, and relays designated the stimulus touched the skin close to joints body that are highly innervated (lips, tongue, information using miniature tactile stimulators such as the wrist or elbow (6). However, oper- finger tips, feet, and genitals) are represented called tactors embedded in a vest. More recent ational communities require mobile limbs and by a larger cortical area; while body areas that studies also demonstrated that the TSAS can free hands for normal activities, making fin- are less sensitive have poorer innervation and, convey meaningful information within specific gers and arms poor candidate sites. Emphasis therefore, are poorly represented. It is not sur- situations such as maintaining high hover and was thus placed on the abdomen. This is an prising that the senses of touch have been simulated ship borne landing (5,11,17). It also important body site with regard to self-loca- used extensively in the training of visually- has the potential to provide non-cockpit tion; the trunk midline constitutes the physical and hearing-impaired persons in the last two crewmembers with aircraft position during anchor for calculation of the internal egocen- centuries to compensate for their respective land/water rescue, threat, and the tracking of tric coordinate frame for representing body sensory deficits. obstacles. Similarly, it has the potential to as- position with respect to external objects. Historically, Charles Barbier de la Serre, a sist special tactical forces during ground navi- However, mission requirements demand the French Army captain, invented the basic tech- gation, silent communication, and to keep flexibility of adopting different postures other nique of using raised dots for tactile reading track of comrades in the dark during combat than walking or standing upright. Alternate and writing (3). The original objective was to operations. Communications among soldiers sites for tactile application must be sought. allow soldiers to compose and read mes- on the ground presents many challenges, espe- The use of tactile cues is often miscon- sages/command orders at night without illu- cially when vision is unavailable, as antici- strued as a total replacement of vision, but the mination. The raised dots represented words pated by Barbier de la Serre over 200 years original objective is to supplement vision according to how they were sounded rather ago. Soldiers must clearly understand infor- See SCI TECH WATCH, p. 926.

Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine • Vol. 75, No.10 • October 2004 925 SCI TECH WATCH, from p. 925. eral body sites. Percept Psychophysics 1984; the NATO Advisory Group for Aerospace when vision is limited or unavailable. 35: 503-14. Research and Develpopment (AGARD), 1993; Nevertheless, the interactions of the touch sen- 7. Craig JC, Sherrick CE. Dynamic tactile Lisbon. sation with other sensory systems should be displays. In: Schiff W, Foulke E, eds. Tactual 16. Saunders FA. Electrocutaneous dis- investigated. In addition, the masking of one perception: a sourcebook. Cambridge, plays. In: FA Geldard, ed. Cutaneous commu- sensation when the two stimuli are presented England: Cambridge University Press; 1982: nication system and devices. Austin, TX: in close temporal or spatial proximity remains 209-23. Psychonomic Society; 1974:20-6. to be explored. Cognitive factors such as atten- 8. Engelmann S, Rosov RJ Tactual hearing 17. Schultz K, McGrath B, Jennings S, et al. tion, motivation, learning or task demands experiment with deaf and hearing subjects. J In-flight evaluation of TSAS in a high hover also have to be taken into account. In sum- Exceptional Children 1975; 41: 245-53. [Abstract]. Aviat Space Environ Med 2004; mary, it appears that the skin can provide a 9. Gault RH. Hearing through the sense or- 75(4, suppl.):B96. rich alternative input channel for those whose gans of touch and vibration. J Franklin 18. Sparks DW, Kuhl PK, Edmonds AE, visual and auditory sensory channels are un- Institute 1927; 204: 329-58. Gray GP. Investigating the MESA (Multipoint available, disabled, or overloaded in multi-en- 10. Gottlieb G. Ontogenesis of sensory Electrotactile Speech Aid): The transmission of vironment applications. function in birds and mammals. In: Tobach E, segmental feature of speech. J Acoust Soc Am Aronson LR, Shaw E, eds. The biopsychology 1978; 63:246-57. REFERENCES of development. New York: Academic Press; 19. Weisenberger JM, Percy ME. The trans- 1971. mission pf phoneme-level information by mul- 1. Bach-Y-Rita P. Neurophysiological basis 11. McGrath B, Schultz K, Cheung B, et al. tichannel tactile speech perception aid. Ear of a tactile visuo-substitution system. IEEE In-flight evaluation of TSAS during a simu- Hearing 1995; 16:392-406. Transaction on Man-Machine Systems. lated ship-borne landing [Abstract]. Aviat Piscataway, NJ: IEEE; 1970:108-9; MMS-11. Space Environ Med 2004; 75(4, suppl.):B96. The AsMA Science and Technology Committee 2. Bliss JC, ed. Tactile displays conference. 12. Mead AM, Rupert AH, Jarmul ES. A provides this Science and Technology Watch IEEE Transactions on Man-Machine Systems. tactile interface for virtual and dynamic envi- Column as a forum to introduce and discuss a vari- Piscataway, NJ: IEEE; 1970:1; MMS-117. ronments. Paper presented at the 1994 Image ety of topics involving all aspects of civil and mili- 3. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Louis VII Conference, Tuscon. tary aerospace medicine. The Watch can accommo- Braille, retrieved from Encyclopedia Britannica 13. Raj AK, Suri N, Braithwaite, MG, date up to three columns of text, which may include Premium Service. Rupert AH The tactile situation awareness sys- a figure or picture to illustrate your concept. Please 4. Brooks PL, Frost BJ. Evaluation of a tac- tem in rotary wing aircraft: Flight test results. send your submissions via e-mail to: tile vocoder for word recognition. J Acoust Soc Paper presented in the RTA/HFM symposium [email protected]. Am 1983; 74:34-40. on Current Aeromedical Issues in Rotary Wing 5. Cheung B, Rupert A, Jennings S, et al. In- Operations, 1998, San Diego. This publication is available in flight evaluation of the tactile situation aware- 14. Robbins AM, Hesketh LJ, Bivins C. microform from ProQuest ness system (TSAS) in a Bell 205 [Abstract]. Tactid 7 reference guide and orientation. ProQuest Aviat Space Environ Med 2004; 75(4, Somerville, MA: Audiological Engineering 300 N. Zeeb Rd, PO Box 1346, suppl.):B96. Corp.; 1993. Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346. 6. Cholewiak RW, Craig JC. Vibrotactile 15. Rupert AH, Guedry FE, Reschke MF. www.proquest.com pattern recognition and discrimination at sev- The use of tactile interface to convey position 1 800-521-060. and motion perceptions. Paper presented at

Aerospace Medicine Residency and Internal Medicine/Aerospace Medicine Openings - Applications are now being accepted for the UTMB/NASA-JSC Aerospace Medicine Residency for July, 2005. The two-year program trains physicians in operational and research aspects of space medicine, manned space flight and comprehensive aerospace medicine topics. Residents participate in mission-oriented medical opera- tions at JSC, receive clinical training in space medicine and complete a research pro- ject. Upon completion of the program, residents earn a Master of Public Health in Preventive Medicine degree. The program is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and is one of three Preventive Medicine residency pro- grams offered at the University of Texas Medical Branch. The MPH program is also accredited by the Council on Education for Public Health. Qualified applicants must have completed at least a PGY-1 clinical year in an ACGME-accredited residency with six months of direct patient care. Applications are also being accepted for the com- bined Internal Medicine/Aerospace Medicine Residency. A PGY-1 clinical year is not required for this residency. Deadline for applications: October 31, 2004. Visit our web site at www.utmb.edu/pmr or Contact: Yvette Schulz, Office of Preventive Medicine Residencies, UTMB, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas, 77555-1150. Phone: (409)772-5845. Fax: (409)747-6129 for detailed information. The University of Texas Medical Branch is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. M/F/D/V.

926 Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine • Vol. 75, No. 10 • October 2004 Send information for publication on this page to: LCDR Joe Essex, MSC, USN BLDG 2272 Suite 345 47123 Buse Rd Patuxent River, MD 20670 AEROSPACE PHYSIOLOGY REPORT [email protected] Five Earn 2004 Aerospace Physiology Certification The certification examination in aerospace to more than 7,500 students; supervised the At the same time, he was able to complete physiology was administered on Sunday, daily operation of a U.S. Navy altitude cham- a 4-year study course in sports sciences and May 2, 2004, in Anchorage, AK. Five of the ber; and designed, developed, and imple- physical education and seven candidates successfully completed the mented an administrative database which obtained a master's de- 8-hour test session. Following approval of the greatly enhanced the department's ability to gree ("Diplom- Aerospace Medical Association Council, LT schedule and track over 5,000 students annu- Sportlehrer") from the Anthony Artino, USN; Maj. Rainer Kowoll, ally. Institute of Sports GAF; LT Darian Rice, USN; LCDR G. Merrill He next served as the Aeromedical Safety Sciences of the Rice, USN; and LT Barry Shaddix, USN, Officer for Commander, Airborne Early University of the were granted certification in Aerospace Warning Wing, U.S. Pacific Fleet aboard NAS Saarland in Physiology. The five scientists' achievements Point Mugu. He was also the operational ad- Saarbruecken. were recognized during the Aerospace visor for the Naval Health Research Center's In 1996 he started as Physiology Society's luncheon and business E-2/C-2 Human Vibration Study. a Junior House Officer meeting held on Wednesday, May 5. Each re- LT Artino currently serves as the Director (and later, Senior House ceived a certificate signed by the president of of Human Performance and Training Officer) in the Department of Internal AsMA and the Chair of the Certification Technology at the Naval Survival Training Medicine at the Hospital of the Bundeswehr Board, and a gold "pO2" pin signifying their Institute aboard NAS Pensacola. In this capac- Berlin. accomplishment. The five scientists, along ity, LT Artino is responsible for updating cur- He began training as a flight surgeon in with the previously certified scientists, are also riculum for the Naval Aviation Survival 1998 and served for 4 years at the Division of authorized to make use of the recently ap- Training Program (NASTP) and developing all Aviation Physiology of the German Air Force proved trademark, "CAsP", for certified advanced training technologies. Some of his Institute of Aviation Medicine (GAFIAM) in Aerospace Physiologists. projects include implementation of a fleet- Koenigsbrueck. During that time he was in- Individuals interested in meeting the chal- wide simulator physiology curriculum, design volved in the selection process of pilot candi- lenge of board certification in aerospace physi- and development of numerous database sys- dates, as well as in teaching and training ology may read more about the application tems to improve information management courses for military pilots and parachutists. process in the November issue of Aviation, throughout the NASTP, and creation of a re- Besides giving lectures on aviation physiol- Space and Environmental Medicine. duced oxygen breathing device curriculum to ogy, he focused his work mainly on research supplement the current low pressure chamber in altitude exposure with a hypobaric cham- LT Anthony Artino, MSC, USN hypoxia training. Additionally, LT Artino is ber, acceleration forces in a human centrifuge, responsible for test and evaluation of new and nutritional aspects of flying personnel. LT Anthony R. Artino, Jr., is a native of and/or modified aviation life support equip- Several scientific studies were conducted Niantic, CT. He attended Rensselaer ment, training devices, and egress, survival under his guidance when he initiated investi- Polytechnic Institute on and rescue procedures for the NASTP, Naval gations on aspects of balance training and spa- a NROTC scholarship Air Systems Command, and other programs tial disorientation, modified altitude training and earned a B.S. in bio- throughout the Department of Defense. ("living high - training low"), and the occur- medical engineering in LT Artino received two Navy and Marine rence of G-LOC during acceleration training 1995. Following his un- Corps Achievement Medals, the Wiley Post on a human centrifuge. dergraduate education, Award for Excellence in Operational Following a 1-year assignment at the LT Artino took a leave Physiology, Aerospace Physiology Society Medical Office of the Bundeswehr in Munich of absence from the President's Award, and the Medical Service he started post-doc specialist training in ap- Navy and received his Corps Director's Award. He is also a member plied physiology at the Center for Space M.S. in cardiopul- of numerous honorary and professional soci- Medicine Berlin in the Department of monary and high alti- eties, including the Aerospace Medical Physiology at the Campus Benjamin Franklin tude physiology from Association (AsMA), Aerospace Physiology of the Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin in Colorado State University. He was commis- Society (AsPS), Society of U.S. Naval autumn 2003. He is currently working on sioned in December of 1996. Aerospace Physiologists (SUSNAP), studies in the field of altitude physiology, ef- Prior to his commissioning, LT Artino Association of Medical Service Corps Officers fects of water immersion on the human body, worked as a lab technician for Pfizer of the Navy, Tau Beta Pi Engineering Society, and military fitness issues. Pharmaceutical Inc., where he assisted in Sigma Xi Scientific Research Society, and Phi methods development and analytical analysis Kappa Phi Honor Society. LT Artino is a of new pharmaceuticals to ensure drug po- plank owner, Historian, and Editorial Team LT Darian Rice, MC, USN tency and stability. During his graduate train- Member for SUSNAP, is a member AsMA's ing in physiology, he conducted his thesis re- Communications Committee, and is the LT Darian Rice received his Bachelor of search at the NASA-Ames Research Center, Webmaster for AsPS. Science degree in biology (cum laude) in 1994 investigating an exercise device designed for from Virginia use aboard the International Space Station. Commonwealth Following graduate school, LT Artino taught Maj. Rainer Kowoll, GAF, MC University in Rich- undergraduate and graduate courses in flight mond, VA. The follow- physiology and human factors in aviation Maj. Dr. med. Rainer Kowoll, GAF, MC, ing year he completed safety for Embry-Riddle Aeronautical entered the Medical Corps of the German Air paramedic training at University, and served as an academic and Force in 1988. With a scholarship of the Tidewater Community faculty advisor. Bundeswehr (German Federal Armed Forces) College and was certi- Following initial aerospace physiology he studied at the Medical School of the fied as a Nationally training in Pensacola, FL, LT Artino’s first as- University of the Saarland in Homburg. He Registered Paramedic. signment was at the Aviation Survival finished his studies by successfully passing He was then accepted Training Center aboard MCAS Miramar. He the state examination in 1996. After complet- into the combined served as both the Administrative and ing his thesis in ophthalmology he was pro- M.D./Ph.D. program at Eastern Virginia Training Division Officer. In this capacity, he moted and obtained a Ph.D. ("Dr. med.") from Medical School in Norfolk, VA. Upon accep- provided high risk, aviation survival training this institution. See AsPS CERTIFICATION, p. 928.

Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine • Vol. 75, No. 10 • October 2004 927 AsPS CERTIFICATION, from p. 927. Flight Surgery program in addition to his re- Freedom. tance, he received his commission as an search at NAMRL, and is currently serving as As the initial hostilities subsided in May of Ensign in the Medical Corps, U.S. Naval a Wing (CVW-17) Flight Surgeon aboard the 2003, LT Shaddix was reassigned to NAS Reserve in 1995, and entered service under the USS J.F. Kennedy supporting Operation Iraqi Pensacola, FL. LT Shaddix is currently Health Professions Scholarship Program. He Freedom in the Gulf. Upon his return, he will Department Head, Parasail Training completed Officer Indoctrination School in hold a staff position at the Naval Aerospace Department at ASTC Pensacola. Newport, RI, in 1995, graduating with Honors, Medical Institute, Pensacola, FL. LT Shaddix' awards include the Navy and then began medical school in August LT Rice's personal awards include the Achievement Medal, Global War on Terrorism 1995. Following the first year of medical Navy and Marine Corps Achievement Medal Expeditionary Medal, and Presidential Unit school, LT Rice spent 3 months on active duty for research performed while serving at the Citation. He is a member of numerous profes- with SEAL Team 4, Naval Amphibious Base, Naval Aerospace Medical Research sional and honorary societies including the Norfolk, VA, where he instructed Combat Life Laboratory. Aerospace Medical Association, Aerospace Support, completed training in Wilderness Physiology Society, Society of U.S. Naval Trauma Life Support and High-Angle Rescue Aviation Physiologists, Theta Tau Professional for Special Operations, and earned Expert LCDR G. Merrill Rice III, MC, USN Engineering Fraternity, and the Biomedical Rifle and Pistol qualifications. Later, during Engineering Society. his 4th year of medical school, LT Rice com- LCDR G. Merrill Rice III is a board certified pleted a 1-month rotation at the Casualty Care aerospace and preventive medicine physician. Research Center, Uniformed Services He received his Bachelor of Science from 2004-05 MEETINGS CALENDAR University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Purdue University in MD, where he developed medical threat as- 1990, and a Doctorate in October 27-30, 2004, Port of Acapulco, sessments in support of a Presidential Osteopathic Medicine Guerrero, Mexico. XXI International Protection Detail, and in preparation of an FBI- from Ohio University in Meeting of Aerospace Medicine. Theme: Hostage Response Team mission. He also com- 1996. He later earned a Human Factors and Aerospace Medicine. pleted the Counter Narcotics Tactical Masters of Public Sponsor: Aviation Medicine Association of Operations Medical Support (C.O.N.T.O.M.S.) Health from Johns Mexico. Info: Claudia Palomeque ó course and published a review article entitled, Hopkins University. He Azucena Laguna, Tel.: 5575-1860, 5575- "Terrorist Bombings: Ballistics, Patterns of holds Naval designa- 7295 y 1994-3691; Blast Injury and Tactical Emergency Care." LT tions in flight surgery [email protected]; ala- Rice received his M.D. in 1999, and subse- and undersea medicine. [email protected]. quently completed his Ph.D. in biomedical sci- He is currently a princi- January 26-29, 2005, Long Beach, CA. ences. LT Rice pursued the track of systems pal investigator at the Naval Aerospace The 13th Annual Medicine Meets Virtual biology and biophysics and emphasized train- Medical Research Laboratory, Pensacola, FL, Reality Conference, organized by Aligned ing in cardiovascular physiology. His disserta- where he has received over one half million Management Associates, Inc. Info: tion involved the characterization of the mole- dollars in research funding over the last 3 www.nextmed.com/mmvr_virtual_reality.h cular pathway by which vascular smooth years. tml; [email protected]. muscle cells detect and respond to the pres- July 22-27, 2005, Las Vegas, NV. 11th sure of their environment, and then direct co- LT Barry Shaddix, MSC, USN International Conference on Human- ordinated functional and structural arterial re- Computer Interaction . Further info: HCI modeling. Because arterial remodeling occurs LT Barry Shaddix was born in Monterey, International 2005, School of Industrial during prolonged spaceflight, LT Rice was in- CA, and moved around the country growing Engineering, Purdue University, Grissom vited to present his findings at the NASA up as a military brat. After settling down and Hall, 315 N. Grant St., West Lafayette, IN Center for Advanced Space Studies. He was completing high school 47907; hcii2005.engr.wisc.edu awarded a NIH Predoctoral Fellowship to in Keystone Heights, September 15-18, 2005, Gold Coast, complete this research. FL, he moved down the Queensland, Australia. Conjoint Meeting Upon graduation in 2002, LT Rice com- road to Gainesville to of the Australasian Society of Aerospace pleted a transitional internship at the Naval attend the University of Medicine (ASAM) and the Asia Pacific Medical Center, Portsmouth, VA. During his Florida where he com- Federation of Aerospace Medical internship, he was the winner of the NMCP pleted a B.S. in Associations (APFAMA). This meeting rep- 18th Annual Research Competition for a Engineering Science. resents the Annual Scientific Meeting of poster presentation entitled "Pressure He then attended grad- ASAM, together with the 5th Asia Pacific Mechanotransduction in Isolated Resistance uate school at Louisiana Congress of Aerospace Medicine (AP- Arteries." Following internship, he served as Tech University where CASM). Contact: Anne Fleming, ASAM an Associate Investigator at the Naval he earned his M.S. in Secretariat, +61 3 98991686. fleminga@ Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering. LT Shaddix was bigpond.net.au; www.asam.org.au. Pensacola, FL, where he has been active in de- commissioned in September of 1997 and veloping protocols to evaluate human cogni- began his naval career at Officer Indoctrination tive performance under hypoxic conditions. School in 1998 in Newport, RI. Using the Reduced Oxygen Breathing Device In February of 1999, LT Shaddix was desig- (ROBD), NAMRL has been able to reproduce nated Naval Aerospace Physiologist number "The First International altitude-related hypoxia in the lab and test 234 aboard Naval Air Station (NAS) Pensacola, Congress on Space Medicine subjects without the inherent risk of the hypo- FL. As a newly winged Aerospace Issues in the 21st Century" spon- baric environment. LT Rice expanded this ca- Physiologist, LT Shaddix was sent to NAS pability by developing procedures to incorpo- Jacksonville, FL, for his internship at the sored by AsMA and its rate flight simulators in hypoxia research. He Aviation Survival Training Center (ASTC). Corporate and Sustaining was thus able to implement a ground-based Upon completion of his internship, he served Affiliate group, will be held in means of detecting decrements in flight perfor- as interim department head for the ASTC from mance and/or cognitive function that may May to August of 2000. Bellagio, Italy from 18-21 occur at altitude. In the near future, such tech- LT Shaddix left Florida in August of 2000 October, 2004. nology will be transitioned to the fleet as a for Yuma, AZ, where he worked as the Limited space is available for means to refamiliarize aircrew with the sensa- Aeromedical Safety Officer for Marine Aircraft tion of hypoxia, permit preconditioning for Group Thirteen (MAG-13). In October of 2002, additional participants. Anyone operations at altitude, and improve overall LT Shaddix completed an MBA from Webster interested in attending or want- safety in the cockpit. In addition to this study, University through the satellite campus ing further information, please LT Rice has been a primary investigator in a aboard Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS) study to evaluate a new PC-based flight simu- Yuma. In January of 2003, he deployed with contact Dr. Marian B. Sides at: lator syllabus as an adjunct to compliment the the MAG to the North Arabian Gulf aboard [email protected]. current primary flight curriculum. the USS Bonhomme Richard in support of LT Rice recently completed the Naval Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi

928 Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine • Vol. 75, No. 10 • October 2004 Send information for publication on this page to: Smith L. Johnston, III, M.D. 1402 Redway Lane Houston, TX, 77062-5411 (281)483-0453 SPACE MEDICINE BRANCH REPORT smith.l.johnston1@jsc.nasa.gov

A Message from the President tions. Phil Scarpa and Robin Dodge were in- Speaking of Committees, I would like to strumental in this action and for the first time recognize the stellar work of Jeff Myers for his Dear friends and colleagues, I hope every- the SMB has a newly elected Secretary, Alan continued contributions to the Awards one had a most successful and safe summer Moore and Treasurer, Genie Bopp. Dwight Committee and his recent SMB article. This and you have now settled in for the cooler Holland is our Vice President and our newly article is illustrative of our organization’s con- times of the fall season. My family was very elected members-at-large are Judith Hayes tinued leadership in education, research, and fortunate this summer to visit many historic and Jeff Jones. This kind of team makes my the clinical practice of Space Medicine. sites in the Eastern U.S., including museums in job much easier and fun. Another major goal the SMB will be un- Gettysburg, PA; Petersburg, VA; Charleston, The SMB has many active committees that dertaking is the development of a position SC; and Savannah, GA. Many adventures truly make a difference and one of my priori- paper on the critical path countermeasures, were had and meaningful lessons learned, es- ties is to expand their roles and strengthen medical care needs, and capabilities develop- pecially from those resolute and brave folks of their membership. This is especially true for ment for the incremental establishment of a the 1860s. I am humbled by the hardships in our International Committee. Our organiza- permanent four- to six-person presence on the uniting a nation divided by polarities of pur- tion is truly multi-cultural, which is most evi- International Space Station, the Moon, and pose and am grateful that our membership has dent in the work of our 16 International Mars. The hope is to accomplish this over the such a fine and steadfast group of diverse in- Partners for the International Space Station next 2 years working with Society of NASA terests. program. It was also emphasized by Dr. Flight Surgeons, whose President Dr. Joseph My present duty is to inform you of the Melchor Antuñano, on his President's Page in Kerwin, and a former SkyLab Astronaut, overall condition of the Space Medicine Branch July, where he points out that AsMA member- might have a few thoughts on the subject! (SMB), report on the activities of our Executive ship consists of more than 3,000 individuals In closing, I would simply like to say thank Committee, and discuss our goals for 2005. from more than 80 countries around the you to all who have endeavored to make a dif- I'm very happy to report that the SMB is in a world. You'll be hearing much more about ference as aerospace pioneers, especially in state of excellent health. This is largely due to our committees and activities in subsequent these difficult times of our Human Space the hard work our past presidents and most re- SMB articles. I would also encourage any Program in returning to flight for the Space cently, Annette Sobel and her team of officers, members who would like to become more in- Shuttle program, sustaining the International committee members, and the many volunteers volved to please get in touch with our Space Station, and tackling the ultimate ques- who helped make the 2003-04 term and Secretary, Alan Moore, or me. tions to decide where and how we go from Convention truly outstanding. We will be conducting a meeting of the here. And thank you to all those serving in I would like to thank Dwight Holland for SMB Executive Committee on Friday, military and civilian agencies trying to keep his outstanding "Renaissance man" approach November 19th, following the next AsMA our planet safe. to our organization as Sec-treasurer for the Scientific Program Meeting in Alexandria, VA. We have tremendous opportunities and past 2 years. The SMB is now almost 200 We are hoping to have as many of our com- challenges before us and I look forward to members strong and the work of the Sec-trea- mittee representatives as possible including working with you all. Hope to see you in surer has grown exponentially. For this reason, the following: Nominating, Awards, Program, Alexandria in November and in Kansas City the SMB successfully amended the Policy, Education, International, Membership, in May 2005. My very best, and be safe - Constitution and By-Laws to form two posi- History, and Corporate. Smith Send information for publication on this page to: Eileen Hadbavny 1266 Merton Rd, Charleston SC, 29407-3317 e-mail: [email protected] AEROSPACE NURSING SOCIETY NEWS www.aerospacenursingsociety.org

I hope all of you are having an enjoyable stein.af.mil. Remember, to be eligible for ANS For example, some members are also working year. Don't miss the deadline for abstract sub- awards you must be a member in good stand- with maintaining the health and wellness of missions: October 28. The AsMA Scientific ing. Also, the Marshall Scholarship is avail- those working in aerospace and aviation. Program Committee will be meeting in able annually to members of ANS. You may also submit your aviation nursing ex- Alexandria November 18 -19 to review those periences to Pat Ravella, editor of the abstracts and panel submissions. If any of you ANS Awards Reflections of Flight Nursing feature. would be interested in joining the ANS scien- It is never too early to submit awards nom- Information on Reflections is on the ANS web tific program committee in the peer review of inations to the ANS Awards chair, the deadline site. It has been a while since she has received air transport/nursing abstracts we welcome is 15 March, but why not start now and get any submissions. I'm sure each of you has had you. There are usually several nurses there them in early. Information on the various a special patient or mission that required spe- who can mentor you in the process. We need awards is listed on the ANS web site. These cial considerations for a positive outcome, re- to get more of you ANS members involved. include junior nurse, non-flight nurse award, quired decision-making involving the nursing Feel free to contact Colleen Morsiette, ANS and technician/allied health professional, as process, or you have learned lessons that President, for more information. Her contact well as for the best scientific paper presented could benefit others. If you need help, contact information is on the ANS website: by an ANS member at the annual AsMA meet- Pat, she makes getting your reflections into www.aerospacenursingsociety.org; her new e- ing. You may need to advise your peers and print easy. What we do every day in aero- mail is [email protected]. supervisors about these awards for which you, space nursing takes special skills. We need to as a member, are eligible. share them, so others can learn to be patient Keep Your ANS Membership advocates as well. Our global society has be- We Need Your Stories come very mobile, and air travel is common- Current This is our page and I would like to hear place. We as trained flight nurses should be Please send dues payment ($10 for nurses, from our members and showcase the various advocates to help educate the traveling public $5.00 for allied health members) to the ANS assignment settings in which you are in- about their need to make adaptations when Treasurer: Diane Fletcher, PSC 2, Box 10849, volved. This will be a way of promoting the they travel if they have certain medical condi- APO AE 09012. Please email any change of unique field of aerospace nursing that includes tions. Send any comments for this page to address to Diane at: Diane.fletcher@ram- so much more than the transport of patients. Eileen Hadbavny: [email protected].

Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine • Vol. 75, No.10 • October 2004 929 Send information for publication on this page to: Dale Orford 15516 E Acacia Way, Fountain Hills, AZ 85268 WING NEWS & NOTES 480-837-7919; [email protected]

Wing Travels and Tours are and I've never forgotten it," she said. "The that we heard Neil Armstrong recognize the next summer I picked berries with my history and significant contributions to the Always Surprising grandmother." field of aviation that have been made by By Harriet Hodgson If I didn't belong to the Wing I wouldn't AsMA. He then presented the award to have learned about the Inupiaq Code of Russell Rayman and Melchor Antuñano. Wing membership has taken me to Ethics or talked with native guides. Every Russell accepted the award with eloquent unique places. In Anchorage I visited the Wing meeting has its own surprises, and and heartfelt words. Melchor spoke of the Alaska Native Heritage Center. The center's Kansas City will, too. Watch for the registra- pride the members of AsMA felt in receiving slogan is "Explore the past, experience the tion form in the journal and register right this award. people." I saw tribal dances, examples of na- away. Good food, good tours, and good Among the others attending were Ludy tive homes, artwork and crafts, and toured friends await you. Rayman, Sandy Antuñano, Stan and Ursula the museum. Mohler, Dave and Nevonna Schroeder, the For me, the most memorable part of the Northrups, Mary Foley, Royce Moser and museum was the Inupiaq code of ethics. The Dayton and Aviation Hall of myself. ethics were printed on a poster next to a dis- The following evening, eight of us, repre- play case. A native guide saw me studying Fame Awards senting AsMA, were among the 800 guests the list. "May I help you?" he asked. By Lois H. Moser who attended the black tie 43rd Annual "Thanks, I don't need any help," I replied. Enshrinement Dinner and Ceremony held at "I'm fascinated by this code of ethics - they On July 15th, 2004, Royce and I flew to the Convention Center. Mary Foley was there apply to everyone." Ethics are passed down Dayton, OH, to attend the 2004 National with the 99ers. There was a presentation of from one generation to the next, the guide Aviation Hall of Fame Awards. What an ex- Colors by the Wright-Patterson AFB Honor explained. We chatted briefly and I moved perience! It was a joy and a privilege to be Guard, and we were welcomed by Maj. Gen. on to other exhibits. But the code of ethics among so many aviation heroes, veterans, Clyde Autio, USAF(ret.), National Aviation lured me back, and I wrote them down. and aerospace celebrities. Everyone was so Hall of Fame President. They then showed a very interesting, friendly, and humble. video of the previous evening's presentation Inupiaq, St. Lawrence Island On Friday evening, July 16th, we joined of the "Spirit of Flight" Award to AsMA by Code of Ethics 600 guests (22 of us who represented AsMA) Neil Armstrong, and the acceptance in the Air Force Museum at Wright Patterson speeches. Master of Ceremonies, Dennis Quaid, then introduced the presenters of the 1 Knowledge of language AFB for the presentation of the Milton Caniff inductees to the National Aviation Hall of 2 Sharing "Spirit of Flight" Award to the Aerospace Fame. Introduced in turn, the honorees were 3 Respect for others Medical Association. It was with great pride Harriet Quimby, William Anders, Jack Ridley, 4 Cooperation and Patty Wagstaff. 5 Respect for elders Those of us who attended were very im- 5 Love of children pressed with the National Aviation Hall of 7 Hard work Fame, the guests and the honorees, and the 8 Knowledge of family tree Aviation Museum at Wright Patterson AFB. 9 Avoid conflict Several of us returned there during the day 10 Respect for nature on Sunday to absorb more of this newly en- 11 Spirituality larged facility. 12 Humor 13 Family role P.S. Check out the photo gallery on the AsMA 14 Hunter success website! On the "What's New" page there's a 15 Domestic skills link to the photo gallery in the article on the 16 Humility WING BOARD 2004-2005 Aviation Hall of Fame. 17 Responsibility to tribe

When the guide saw me with pencil and paper in hand, he approached me again. "I 2004-2005 Wing Officers & Committee Chairs, Kansas City Meeting had to come back and write down these ethics," I said. "Do you mind?" President Harriet Hodgson Registration Jackie Jordan "No, you're welcome to copy them," he First Vice President Trish Trifilo Registration Co-Chair answered. Second Vice President Conoly Barker Advance Registration Trish Trifilo "I wish more teens understood number Immediate Past President Lady Mary Baird Publicity Dale Orford five and respected their elders," I joked. Secretary Suzanna Bellenkes Honorary Membership Joan Marinelli "Guess I sound like a grandma." Treasurer Jenifer Faulkner Resolutions Jan Davidson "Number nine is my favorite," he replied. Arrangements Harriet Hodgson "In our climate and in close quarters, we Board Members at Large Mariette Jones? need to do all we can to avoid conflict." International Suzanna Bellenkes Nominating Committee Marilyn Brath Before I left the museum I visited with Civilian Judy Kowolsky another guide. I told her how moved I was Air Force Josephine (Jo) Ivan Arrangements Subcommittees by the Inupiaq code of ethics. "Some ethics Army Jennifer Crowley Hospitality Ludy Rayman are harder to learn than others," she said. Navy Emerita (Emmy) Ramos Hospitality Co-Chair "Learning my role in the family was hard for Luncheon Yvonne Silberman me." Then she told me a story. Appointed Officers Luncheon Co-Chair Harriet Hodgson One summer, when she was five years Parliamentarian Helen Lestage (final year) Reception Paula Landry old, her grandmother asked her granddaugh- Tours Harriet Hodgson ter to help her pick berries. The girl refused, Standing Committee Chairs Favors Susi Collins-Howgill? so her grandmother picked berries by her- Membership Judy Waring self. Come winter, however, when the family Newsletter Mitzi Hansrote Special ate the sweet berries, the girl received none. Wing Web Site Shannon Laughrey Honorary President Sandi Antunano "I learned my lesson. It was a hard lesson

930 Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine • Vol. 75, No. 10 • October 2004 Send information for publication on this page to: Corporate News Aerospace Medical Association 320 S. Henry Street NEWS OF CORPORATE MEMBERS Alexandria, VA 22314-3579

ETC Applies for Japanese tainment systems, process simulation systems, for which children are routinely vaccinated (sterilization and environmental), clinical hy- that is currently on the rise in the U.S., with Patent on New perbaric systems, environmental testing and approximately 10,000 cases in 2003 -- the high- Generation GYROLAB simulation systems, and related products for est number of cases reported to the Centers for domestic and international customers. Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Environmental Tectonics Corporation For further information visit more than 35 yr. According to the CDC, from (ETC) has applied for a Japanese patent on the www.etcusa.com. 1997 to 2000, about one-third of all reported GYROLAB technology. This patent applica- pertussis cases occurred in adolescents 10 yr of tion covers the enabling technologies, includ- age or older. Adolescents, in whom classic ing motion and motion control, for this device signs and symptoms of pertussis are often ab- to deliver high-quality Spatial Disorientation GSK Submits Biologics sent, may go undiagnosed and be the source training to high performance jet pilots and for License Application for FDA of infection for susceptible infants and other entertainment applications. Approval of BoostrixTM family members. The GYROLAB combines the latest avail- "We are delighted that our efforts to de- able flight simulation technology, including si- velop a Tdap vaccine have resulted in filing a multaneous ± 360 degree motion in pitch, roll, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) has submitted a BLA with the FDA. GlaxoSmithKline is seek- and yaw; planetary, real-world out-the-win- Biologics License Application (BLA) for ing approval for this new booster vaccine dow visual;, realistic engine and flight sounds; Boostrix™ [Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced which would help address a large unmet need detailed cockpit with closed loop flight con- Diphtheria Toxoid and Acellular Pertussis and offer important protection against pertus- trols; and high-fidelity flight models. Force Vaccine, Adsorbed (Tdap)], to the United sis where the disease is growing the most -- feedback control loading is included to pro- States (U.S.) Food and Drug Administration the adolescent population," said Barbara vide the pilot with the most realistic flight ex- (FDA). GlaxoSmithKline is seeking U.S. mar- Howe, M.D., vice president, Clinical Research perience short of actually flying the aircraft. keting approval for the booster vaccine candi- and Development and Medical Affairs, The GYROLAB's ± 360-degree motion capabil- date, a similar formulation of which is avail- Vaccines North America, GlaxoSmithKline. ity and its planetary motion, which gives it the able in Australia and a number of countries in GlaxoSmithKline, with U.S. operations in capability to generate up to 3.0 Gs, make it the Europe, South America, and Asia, as a vacci- Philadelphia, PA, and Research Triangle Park, most realistic and effective flight trainer avail- nation against the diseases diphtheria, tetanus, N.C., is one of the world's leading research- able today. Since all axes of motion can be and pertussis. Currently, pertussis vaccination based pharmaceutical and healthcare compa- used simultaneously, the GYROLAB can accu- in the U.S. is available only to children below nies and is committed to improving the qual- rately reproduce the motion cues that cause pi- the age of seven. Boostrix was developed to ity of human life by enabling people to do lots to mistake their aircraft position and mo- offer extended protection against pertussis to more, feel better and live longer. tion with respect to the Earth's surface. This adolescents between the ages of 10 and 18 by error is called spatial disorientation (SD), and combining a pertussis vaccine with the routine it costs many pilot lives and accounts for ap- tetanus/diphtheria booster. proximately 1/3 of all military aircraft acci- Cases of pertussis have increased since the NASA/KSC Unveils Personal dents worldwide. mid-1970s. In fact, pertussis is the only disease Cabin Pressure Monitor The GYROLAB includes more than 20 fixed-wing training profiles and eight The NASA Kennedy Space Center (KSC) helicopter profiles that are flight-realistic and Want to see Your has announced a new innovation: The fully automated. These training profiles pro- Company’s News Personal Cabin Pressure Monitor. It is a pager- vide pilots with the means to recognize and Printed Here? like device that independently warns the user avoid - or successfully recover from - spatial that the cabin pressurization of their aircraft or disorientation. ETC's proprietary Interactive Become a Corporate space vehicle has been compromised. This al- Profile Editor allows pilot instructors to create lows the user to take corrective action immedi- their own training profiles, thereby making the Member of AsMA! ately to avert a dangerous situation. GYROLAB a trainer that can keep pace with Hypoxia is a state of oxygen deficiency in changing training requirements throughout its Benefits include: the blood, tissues, and cells which is sufficient life cycle. Converting the GYROLAB from its • Link from our website to yours to impair the functions of the brain and other fixed-wing configuration to a helicopter con- organs and is a concern to pilots who fly figuration can be achieved in less than 5 min- • Subscription to AsMA’s Journal above 10,000 ft. The Personal Cabin Pressure utes. • Special news section in this Monitor was developed in response to the ETC's exclusive technology is proven and journal Mir/Progress collision in 1997 and the Payne recognized around the world as the only prod- • Advertising discount in journal Stewart aircraft accident in 1999. It warns the uct that is able to accurately and repeatedly re- Exhibit space discount at user of the danger of impending hypoxia produce actual flight motion cues. ETC's • through audio, vibratory, and visual alarms. unique knowledge of human physiological re- AsMA’s Annual Scientific Additionally, a lighted digital screen displays a sponses to motion and visual stimulations, Meeting text message of the warning and the condition combined with our motion control and design • Registration discount at causing the alarm. expertise, has resulted in ETC becoming a Annual Scientific Meeting NASA/KSC had this technology available world leader in aeromedical simulation and for licensing within 10 months of the initial de- training. • Corporate Affiliate Group velopment, and successfully negotiated and William F. Mitchell, ETC's President and membership signed a license agreement the following year Chairman, noted that, " ETC expects that the • Special Annual Meeting Events with Kelly Manufacturing, who had a com- Japanese market for GYROLAB will expand in mercial product on the market within a year of the near future as the economy of Japan re- For information on becoming a signing the agreement. This technology is ca- bounds. In order to serve this market and to Corporate Member, please call pable of being expanded beyond aviation and provide immediate after-sales service of Gloria Carter at (703)739-2240, aerospace to include scuba diving, sky-diving, fielded products, we have opened a North ext. 106, [email protected]; mountain climbing, meteorology, space-borne Asia Sales office near Tokyo." or Dr. Marian Sides at and planetary habitats, hyperbaric pressure ETC designs, develops, installs and main- [email protected] chambers, altitude chambers, and tains aircrew training systems, public enter- positive/negative pressure vessels.

Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine • Vol. 75, No.10 • October 2004 931 FDA Approves Pfizer's San Francisco General Hospital, CA. "Adding be conducted at FMI-Konigsbruck from 2004 ® LIPITOR to their treatment regimen, as the onwards. Besides theory lessons (including in- Lipitor to Lower Risk of data demonstrate, reduces that threat dramati- struction in the limitations of the human orien- Heart Attacks cally. It's becoming increasingly clear that LIP- tation system in flight and in how to recognize Also Approved to Reduce Risk of Chest Pain and ITOR provides cardiovascular benefits that go and correct spatial disorientation), practical Revascularization Procedures well beyond lowering cholesterol." demonstrations of the SD phenomena and Updated guidelines recently issued by the training in situational awareness will be the The U.S. Food and Drug Administration National Cholesterol Education Program con- primary focus of the GAF program. The AIR- (FDA) has approved Pfizer's cholesterol-low- firm the added benefit of prescribing choles- FOX-DISO will be an essential part of this ering therapy LIPITOR® (atorvastatin cal- terol-lowering medication like LIPITOR, along training, providing practical experience of cium) for the prevention of cardiovascular dis- with diet and exercise, to patients at risk for many of the illusion that can result in SD. ease by reducing heart attack risk in people cardiovascular disease. A critical factor in the selection process was with normal to mildly elevated levels of cho- The FDA also approved LIPITOR to re- the ability to realistically demonstrate the SD lesterol but with other risk factors for heart duce the risk of angina (chest pain) and to re- illusions that can occur in pilots of helicopters, disease. duce revascularization procedures, such as fighters, and transport aircraft. A key aim was The FDA's decision was based on the find- balloon angioplasty, that help open blocked that successful training results must be ings of a landmark clinical trial, known as the arteries. achieved for both experienced and novice pi- Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial: "Today's [sic] FDA approval of LIPITOR's lots alike. The AMST AIRFOX-DISO met all of Lipid-Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA), which additional uses further supports the growing these key requirements. found that LIPITOR, at its lowest dose of 10 body of evidence showing that LIPITOR pro- For further information: www.amst.co.at. mg, reduced the relative risk of heart attack by vides significant cardiovascular benefits in a 36 percent compared to placebo. Because of broad range of patients beyond its excellent ef- the significant benefits seen with LIPITOR ficacy in lowering cholesterol," said Gary early in the trial, ASCOT-LLA was halted ap- Palmer, M.D., Vice President of Pfizer "The First International Congress proximately 2 years ahead of schedule. The Cardiovascular's Medical Group. on Space Medicine Issues in the 21st safety profile of the group treated with LIPI- For more information, please visit Century" sponsored by AsMA and TOR was comparable to that of the group www.lipitor.com; or call 1-888-LIPITOR. its Corporate and Sustaining treated with placebo. The trial involved more Affiliate group, will be held in than 10,300 people with normal or borderline Bellagio, Italy from 18-21 October, cholesterol and no prior history of heart dis- AMST Receives German Air 2004. ease, but with high blood pressure and at least Limited space is available for ad- three other known risk factors for heart dis- Force Contract for AIRFOX ditional participants. Anyone inter- ease, such as family history, age over 55, smok- ing, diabetes, and obesity. The German Air Force, Institute of ested in attending or wanting fur- "Despite fairly normal cholesterol levels, Aviation Medicine have awarded a contract to ther information, please contact Dr. patients with multiple risk factors face a AMST for the AIRFOX-DISO Spatial Marian B. Sides at: mbsides3@myex- greater threat of heart attack," said David Disorientation (SD) Trainer. Spatial disorien- cel.com. Waters, M.D., F.A.C.C., Chief of Cardiology at tation and situational awareness training will

Wellington School of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 7343, Wellington, New Zealand. Fax: +64-4-3895427

AVIATION MEDICINE COURSES AT OTAGO UNIVERSITY, NEW ZEALAND Enrolments are being accepted for the following 2005 courses: Aeromedical Evacuation Aviation Medicine Occupational Medicine Courses are offered at a Certificate level (1 year part time), Diploma (2/3 years part time), Masters in Health Sciences Degrees (4 years part time) and PhD (5 years part time, 3 years full time) All courses are distance taught, internationally recognised, and can be undertaken in any country in the world. For more information, contact us: Visit our web site at www.otago.ac.nz/aviation_medicine The Programme Manager Maureen Gordon on +64-4-3855590 or email via [email protected] The Academic Programme Coordinator, Dr Robin Griffiths, on +64-21-620148 or email via [email protected] or [email protected]

932 Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine • Vol. 75, No. 10 • October 2004 Send information for publication on this page to: News of Members Aerospace Medical Association 320 S. Henry Street Alexandria, VA 22314-3579 NEWS OF MEMBERS [email protected]

ERRATUM AFB, HI. Before leaving for Hawaii, he Achievement Medal, and various service Lt.Col. Richard W. Sumrall was mistakenly earned a Critical Care Teaching Award from medals and unit awards. reported as having been promoted to R. Adams Cowley Shock-Trauma Center in Colonel. It was actually Col. (Dr.) Robert Baltimore. Michaelson who was promoted. Formerly New Members the Chief of Clinical and Aerospace Medicine Maj. Norman S. West, USAF, BSC, who for- for the Air Force Special Operations merly served as Commander of the Aircrew Anderson, Geoffrey A., Atlanta, GA Command (AFSOC), he has now accepted Equipment Integration Group at RAF Bagchi, Sam R., M.D., Quincy, MA the assignment of Chief of Medical Henlow, UK, through a personnel exchange Caruso, James L., CDR, USN, MC Modernization and Requirements for program, is now an Aerospace Physiology Faulkner, James W., B.A., Wooster, OH AFSOC. Flight Commander at the 92nd Aeromedical Fuller, Douglas C., Col., USAF, MC, FS Dental Squadron at Fairchild AFB, WA. He Jackson, Marvin W., M.D., Centerville, OH Christopher R. Armstrong, M.D., M.P.H., of was recently awarded the Meritorious Lorich, Michael F., CPT, USA, MC Washington, DC, once the Director for Service Medal. Marshall, Michael J. 1LT, USA, MC Outpatient Care and McGinn, Christine N., LT, USNR, MC Chief Medical Officer CAPT Charles O. Barker, MC, USN, for- Ross, Valerie H., Maj., USAF, MC at the Naval Hospital merly Executive Officer, Naval Hospital Stepenosky, James E., LCDR, USN, MC, FS in Cherry Point, NC, is Roosevelt Roads, Puerto Rico, received the Trevino, Loretta, Houston, TX now an Assistant Legion of Merit Medal for his accomplish- Professor at the ments in closing the hospital. He has been International New Members Department of Military reassigned as Commanding officer, Naval Cloer, Vescia Alves, M.D., Porto Alegre, and Emergency Medical Clinic, Pearl Harbor, HI. Brazil Medicine, Uniformed Dambier, Michael, Ph.D., Waghaeusel, Services University of Focus on Members: Germany the Health Sciences in Hampson, Gregory V., WG CDR, RAAF, MC, Bethesda, MD. He re- Christopher Daniel Henlow, Bedfordshire, UK cently received a Meritorious Service Medal Lennerz, Jochen Klaus Maira, Erlangen (with Gold Star in lieu of third award). CAPT J. Christopher Daniel, MC, USN, a na- Bavaria, Germany tive of Elkins Park, PA, was recently promoted Mann, June M., Sanctuary Cove, Australia Lt.Col. Thomas C. Hankins, USAF, MC, to Commanding Officer of the Naval Quinteros, Enrique, M.D., Santiago, Chile SFS, of Grass Valley, CA, formerly the Chief Submarine Medical Research Laboratory at of Aerospace Medicine at Beale AFB, CA, the submarine base in New London, CT. He was recently promoted to Colonel and Chief transferred there from the position of Point your mouse to the Flight Surgeon and is now the Commander Executive Officer at the U.S. Navy Infectious of the 9th Physiologic Support Squadron at Disease Research Laboratory in Jakarta, AsMA home page at Beale AFB. Indonesia. He graduated from Princeton www.asma.org University in 1980 and was commissioned as Mario E. Fajardo, M.D., of Concord, CA, an Ensign in 1981 while attending Jefferson It’s frequently updated with originally the Staff Officer at the Safety and Medical College in Philadelphia. He obtained important, new Health Division of USCG Headquarters, his M.D. from Jefferson in 1984. He has served information about your transferred to the position of Chief of in a variety of positions, and while completing Operational Medicine at USCG Maintenance a fellowship in Adolescent Medicine at Naval Association. and Logistics Command Pacific in Oakland, Medical Center San Diego, he achieved na- CA. He was recently awarded the USCG tional recognition as an educator in preventive Commendation Medal. medicine services for adolescents and as a re- Latest Feature: searcher in the assessment of concussions sus- Photo Galleries of Lt.Col. William Beninati, USAF, MC, of tained by adolescent athletes. He is a Fellow of Honolulu, HI, formerly Director of the AF the American Academy of Family Physicians Annual Meeting and Expeditionary Medical Skills Institute at the and is board-certified in both Family Medicine University of Maryland Shock Trauma and Adolescent Medicine by the American National Aviation Hall Center in Baltimore, MD, has transferred to Board of Family Practice. Awards include the of Fame the position of Commander of the 15th Meritorious Service Medal, Navy Aeromedical Dental Squadron at Hickam Commendations Medal (four awards), Army May 8-12, 2005 Don’t Forget!! 1. Panel presenters can add questions to fulfill the Kansas City, MO Maintenace of Certification requirements. “Charting the Course for the Future” 2. Presenters can add their biographical information. This will allow nurses to get credit for attending the presentation. Submission Deadline: October 28, 2004! Take advantage of this powerful tool! Through the COS Research Tools/Workbench feature (lo- Online step-by-step instructions will guide you through the cated at the very top of the page), you can find funding op- process. You will receive immediate confirmation with a con- portunities and searches for colleagues, articles, meetings and trol number for online submissions. much more! Look for new instructions inserted in this issue of the jour- There are many other exciting features availble through nal. Go to our home website at www.asma.org and click on this site, including an itinerary builder. “Submit Abstract Online.”

Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine • Vol. 75, No. 10 • October 2004 933 CLASSIFIED ADS Military Medical Ethics

The Borden Institute, Office of the POSITIONS AVAILABLE Surgeon General, Walter Reed Medical Center, Washington, DC, announces the publication of Military Medical Ethics, a two AEROSPACE MEDICINE PHYSICIAN--The PHYSICIAN-ENGINEER: Physicians with a book set that confronts the ethical issues Department of PM&CH at UTMB in degree in engineering are being sought by a surrounding the role of military medicine Galveston, Texas, is seeking a physician for growing consulting practice. Physician- in caring for the wounded. Edited by the Aviation Medicine Center and Engineer will be integrally involved in ana- Thomas E. Beam, M.D., Col., Medical UTMB/NASA-JSC Aerospace Medicine lyzing and determining the causal relation- Corps, U.S. Army (Ret.); and Linette R. Residency Program. UTMB is a major aca- ship between an accident event and an Sparacino, M.A., the book is available at demic & medical center with 13,000 em- individual's injuries and identifying the rea- www.bordeninstitute.army.mil or by ployees and 785 hospital beds. sons or mechanisms responsible for the in- phone: toll free, 1-866-512-1800 or local, Successful candidate should have the fol- juries. Physician-Engineer will utilize both 202-512-1800. The set is 868 pages and is lowing: Board certification in Aerospace medical and engineering skills in an analyti- also available in CD. Medicine; Current unrestricted Texas med- cal problem-solving environment. No pa- ical license; Aviation Medical Examiner tient care involved, consequently there are (AME); Clinical experience in Aerospace no on-call responsibilities or malpractice in- The hardcover set contains two vol- Medicine; Clinical Aviation Medicine expe- surance requirements. Company offers a umes. Volume 1 contains Sections I–III rience. professional work environment, competitive and Volume 2 contains Section IV. Preferred, not required: Hyperbaric / starting salary and excellent benefits includ- Section I is on Medical Ethics and is Hypobaric experience; Pilot training; ing paid vacation and sick leave, 401(k) re- edited by Edmund D. Pellegrino, M.D. Second area of clinical competence; MEDE- tirement/profit sharing plan, performance It covers such topics as: The Moral VAC experience/expertise; Operational bonusing and major medical, dental and Foundation of the Patient-Physician Space Medicine; Travel medicine experi- disability insurance. For additional informa- Relationship: The Essence of Medical ence. tion, please send curriculum vitae to or Ethics; Theories of Medical Ethics: The Activities of this position include: contact: Biodynamic Research Corporation, Philosophical Structure; and Clinical Teaching - MPH/ UTMB/NASA-JSC; Attn. Human Resource Manager, 5711 Ethics: The Art of Medicine. Aerospace Medicine Residency program; University Heights Blvd., Ste. 100, San Section II, edited by Anthony E. Deputy Director, Aerospace Medicine Antonio, TX 78249, or fax 210.691.8823 or Hartle, Ph.D., covers Military Ethics Residency program; Participate / Coordinate email [email protected]. Equal op- such as: The Profession of Arms and the Educational Conferences in aerospace med- portunity employer. Officer Corps; Honor, Combat Ethics, icine; Pilot Aviation Medical Examinations; and Military Culture; Just War Doctrine Fitness-to-Fly Evaluations; Air crew disabil- and the International Law of War; and ity assessments; Interact with Wyle/UTMB Book Notice: The Soldier and Autonomy. physicians supporting space program; "Flight Surgeon Support to Section III, edited by Edmund G. Research; Support for UTMB Occupational United States Air Force Flier in Howe, M.D., J.D., covers The Synthesis of Health programs. Medicine and the Miltary, with the topics: Interested individuals should send de- Combat" By David R. Jones, M.D., M.P.H., and Physician-Soldier: A Moral Profession; tailed curriculum vitae, and 3 references to: Physician-Soldier: A Moral Dilemma; Sharon Walters, The University of Texas Royden W. Marsh, M.D. and Mixed Agency in Military Medicine: Medical Branch, Preventive Medicine & Ethical Roles in Conflict. From the abstract: Community Health, 301 University Section IV, edited by Thomas E. "The everyday practice and operational ap- Boulevard, Mail Route 1110, Galveston, TX Beam, M.D., is on Medical Ethics in the plications of U.S. Air Force flight medicine 77555-1110. Military, including: Medical Ethics on by its flight surgeons at the end of the 20th Apply online at http://www.UTMB.edu. the Battlefield: The Crucible of Military century comprise a system of medical care UTMB is an equal opportunity, affirmative Medical Ethics; Medical Ethics in and support that is unique in human his- action institution which proudly values di- Military Biomedical Research; The tory…Herein lies an in-depth review and versity. Candidates of all background are Human Volunteer in Military analysis of the role of the flight surgeon in encouraged to apply. Biomedical Research; Nursing Ethics combat operations from and academic and and the Military; Religious and Cultural historical point of view…Acknowledging Considerations in Military Healthcare; the significant and notable contributions to Military Medicine in War: The Geneva flight medicine made by our aeromedical AsMA Conventions Today; Military colleagues in the Navy and in the post- Humanitarian Assistance: The Pitfalls Future Meetings 1949 Army, this report focuses on Army and Promise of Good Intentions; A Look flight medicine prior to 1949 and Air Force toward the Future; and A Proposed May 8-12, 2005 flight medicine subsequent to 1949." Military Ethic for Military Medicine. Kansas City, MO Hyatt Regency Crown Center This report (SAM-FE-BR-TR-2003-0001) is available through the Defense Technology and For further information contact the May 14-18, 2006 Information Center (DTIC) Editor in Chief Dave Ed. Lounsbury, http://stinet.dtic.mil. M.D., FACP, Col., Medical Corps, U.S. Caribe Royale Hotel Army, Director, Borden Institute, 202- Orlando, FL 782-6099; or the Military Medical Editor, INDEX TO ADVERTISERS Ronald F. Bellamy, M.D., FACS, Col., May 13-17, 2007 Aerospace Medical Association Medical Corps, U.S. Army (Ret.), 202- 782-7572. Sheraton and Marriott Hotels Award Nomination Form ...... iii New Orleans Call for Papers ...... v Information for Authors . .Cover III May 11-15, 2008 Borden Institute ...... 934 Sheraton and Hilton Hotels ETC ...... Cover IV University of Otago ...... 932 Boston, MA UTMB ...... 926 Wyle ...... Cover II

934 Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine • Vol. 75, No. 10 • October 2004