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CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Revista Amazonia Investiga Florencia, Colombia, Vol. 6 Núm. 10 /enero-junio 2017/ 151 Artículo de investigación Interpretation and analysis of epic thinking in Iran and Scandinavia emphasizing the story of Esfandiar (Shahnameh) and Balder (Scandinavian epic) Interpretación y análisis del pensamiento épico en Irán y Escandinavia enfatizando la historia de Esfandiar (Shahnameh) y Balder (épica escandinava) Interpretação e análise do pensamento épico no Irã e na Escandinávia enfatizando a história de Esfandiar (Shahnameh) e Balder (épico escandinavo) Recibido: 9 de abril de 2017. Aceptado: 30 de mayo de 2017 Escrito por: Shahrbanoo Ganjeh39 Alimohammad Moazzeni2* Tofigh Sobhani3 Mohammed Reza Shad Manamen4 Abstract Resumen Apart from the impact and impact of the two Además del impacto y el impacto de las dos lands, a way can be opened in There is a special tierras, se puede abrir una vía en Hay un tema subject that there is a shared point of content in especial en el que hay un punto de contenido it and it is a source of analogy A topic, a tendency compartido y es una fuente de analogía Un tema, and a special content of common interest in two una tendencia y un contenido especial de común different territories. Question one of the most interés en dos territorios diferentes. Pregunta important and frequent points in the history of uno de los puntos más importantes y frecuentes the literatures and beliefs of different lands It is en la historia de las literaturas y creencias de on the side of history and on the side of human diferentes países. Está del lado de la historia y del imagination of the past. In this research, we are lado de la imaginación humana del pasado. En going to look at the epic thinking of Iran and esta investigación, vamos a ver el pensamiento Scandinavia and the most famous The épico de Irán y Escandinavia y el más famoso La manifestation of this thought in the epic works of manifestación de este pensamiento en las obras these two peoples and expresses the means of épicas de estos dos pueblos y expresa los medios sharing and measuring superiority And the para compartir y medir la superioridad Y las shortcomings of these works against each other, deficiencias de estas obras en contra uno al otro, to the excuse of these two works in a common con la excusa de estas dos obras en un The show will feature a few tips on each one with espectáculo común El espectáculo contará con a closer look. algunos consejos sobre cada uno con una mirada más cercana. Key words: Iran, Scandinavia, Myth, Epic Thought, Esfandiar, Balder, invulnerability. Palabras clave: Irán, Escandinavia, mito, pensamiento épico, Esfandiar, Balder, invulnerabilidad. 39 P.h.d student of Persian language and literature, Islamic Azad University, Khalkhal branch. ([email protected] ) 2 Professor of Persian language and literature, Tehran University. ([email protected] ) 3 Professor of Persian language and literature, Payame Noor University, Tehran ([email protected] ) 4Assistant professor of Persian language and literature, Islamic Azad University, Khalkhal. ([email protected] ) * Corresponding Author Encuentre este artículo en http://www.udla.edu.co/revistas/index.php/amazonia-investiga ISSN 2322- 6307 Ganjeh, S., Moazzeni,A., Sobhani, T., Manamen, M. / Vol. 6 Núm. 10: 151-160/ Enero-Junio 2017 152 Resumo Além do impacto e impacto das duas terras, um caminho pode ser aberto em Há um assunto especial que há um ponto compartilhado de conteúdo nele e é uma fonte de analogia Um tópico, uma tendência e um conteúdo especial de comum interesse em dois territórios diferentes. Questão um dos pontos mais importantes e frequentes na história das literaturas e crenças de diferentes terras. Ela está do lado da história e do lado da imaginação humana do passado. Nesta pesquisa, vamos olhar para o pensamento épico do Irã e Escandinávia e os mais famosos A manifestação deste pensamento nas obras épicas destes dois povos e expressa os meios de compartilhar e medir a superioridade E as deficiências dessas obras contra uns aos outros, com a desculpa dessas duas obras em comum O show contará com algumas dicas sobre cada um com um olhar mais atento. Palavras-chave: Irã, Escandinávia, Mito, Pensamento Épico, Esfandiar, Balder, invulnerabilidade. Introduction European mythology from Bahareh Mokhtari. also be In this section, Balder's personality with By studying the literature of different lands the heroes of other lands is also benchmarked and cultures of different nations, they share and An example is given in the "Balder and common ground Which is rooted in the past of Achilles" article of Setareh Khiabrian Are. But as the lands. Apart from the impact and impact of already mentioned, Iran and Scandinavia's epic the works Two lands, a way can be opened on a ideas with this The form of comparison and the particular topic, which, in terms of content, ability to put the epic important characters of shares them There is also a source of analogy to these two peoples in a way Organized so far, we a subject, a tendency, and a special content in have not seen a special research. common Two different lands. Invulnerability subject is one of the most important and The roots of mythology of Iran frequent points in literary history Beliefs in different lands that are on the horizons of history Iranian myths are a collection of ideas, beliefs and the imagination of mankind Has a previous and justifications of Iranians around universe, one. Since myths and, consequently, epics give creation, birth, death, and other inseparable birth to thoughts, thoughts, beliefs, Beliefs of the concerns of humankind has it. These myths have past are human beings, and human beings are an Aryan root, and so much between the Iranian always in certain aspects beyond geographical tribes and tribes Hindi has a lot of common boundaries Have shared the same concerns and ground. As stated, Iranian myths have an Aryan fears and desires in their own terms. It is origin And the differences between the myths of possible, therefore, that the effect of these the land of India and Iran are the result of an spiritual, subjective and ancient connections can environmental difference The culture of the be left in the works. Searching for nations and indigenous peoples of Iran and the migratory tribes, and studying the similarities between Aryans is ours. What is mythology The ancient them and their epics. Persian remains today more to the Avesta. At the beginning of the first millennium BC The Background research birthplace of Zoroastrians created reforms in the beliefs and subsequent Iranian myths. However According to research conducted on the The later parts of the Avesta, like the Yasts, field of study of the epic literature of nations of entered the religion of Persia before the the world, with Such an angle of view of the Zoroastrian beliefs As the source and source of subject of epic thoughts in the two lands of Iran the recognition of Iranian mythology. This and Scandinavia There is no education, research mythology is based on two stylistics And the and evaluation, and discussions that can be called manifestations are good and bad and have a The background to this research is that the certain narrative history that is different from the words and writings, for example, are worthless history of the territory of Iran Is. The mythology They have shared a personality of two epics, one of Iran, apart from the mythology reflected in the of the most important of which is Siavash and late Avesta, is very limited in the inscription Balder a comparative research on Indian and Ancient Persian and non-Persian texts, especially Encuentre este artículo en http://www.udla.edu.co/revistas/index.php/amazonia -investiga ISSN 2322- 6307 Florencia, Colombia, Vol. 6 Núm. 10 /enero-junio 2017/ 153 Greek. Iranians also mythology Different but also after killing a Christian saint Edmond, in the year have another root with the Avestan myths, 870, remembered that he had multiplied. including myths of Manichaeism, Zawrwani and Colonialists Ail Auman in the tenth century They others Sacrifice. The mythological history of Iran have built memorial crosses. They are on this was recorded from the period of the Parthians, date with indigenous Christian Cults Married. then the Sasanians, and later Translated into Certainly, there is no need to admit that the Persian and Arabic. And as it is clear, Ferdowsi's advancement of Christianity is a necessity with Shahnameh is one of the most important sources root changes It has been accompanied by to recognition the story of Iran's mythology. scandinavian acts or beliefs. Based on the information that came to us A Scandinavian The roots of Scandinavian mythology resident of Ireland would easily have believed in Jesus Christ and tour of both Have. Christian As soon as we use the term "North", the first myths have not replaced Scandinavian myths, but thing that comes to the mind of an English is they are Added or penetrated into them. The "Vikings" the adventurous and brutal people who great cross of the subject to the eleventh century have been in the three centuries since From 800 is in oblivion The Cathedral of Coventry is home to 1100 BC, plunder, colonize and conquer the to a carved scene of the reign There are also Scandinavian countries east and west They other fogs that depict the myths of the traded with them, developed them, and Scandinavian gods Have been interpreted. In sometimes even methylated. At That these Andreas, in Ail-Aumen, a piece of a cross-shaped people were infidels, and had a complicated plate It is said that under one of the branches of mythology of confessions, they were skeptical is the cross is the face of a spear man in front of an not (María Paredes Chacin et al., 2017).
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    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE Narrative and Iranian Identity in the New Persian Renaissance and the Later Perso-Islamicate World DISSERTATION submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in History by Conrad Justin Harter Dissertation Committee: Professor Touraj Daryaee, Chair Professor Mark Andrew LeVine Professor Emeritus James Buchanan Given 2016 © 2016 Conrad Justin Harter DEDICATION To my friends and family, and most importantly, my wife Pamela ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS v CURRICULUM VITAE vi ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 2: Persian Histories in the 9th-12th Centuries CE 47 CHAPTER 3: Universal History, Geography, and Literature 100 CHAPTER 4: Ideological Aims and Regime Legitimation 145 CHAPTER 5: Use of Shahnama Throughout Time and Space 192 BIBLIOGRAPHY 240 iii LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1 Map of Central Asia 5 iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to all of the people who have made this possible, to those who have provided guidance both academic and personal, and to all those who have mentored me thus far in so many different ways. I would like to thank my advisor and dissertation chair, Professor Touraj Daryaee, for providing me with not only a place to study the Shahnama and Persianate culture and history at UC Irvine, but also with invaluable guidance while I was there. I would like to thank my other committee members, Professor Mark LeVine and Professor Emeritus James Given, for willing to sit on my committee and to read an entire dissertation focused on the history and literature of medieval Iran and Central Asia, even though their own interests and decades of academic research lay elsewhere.